Presentation from October 2010:
As a method for quick and efficient sharing of files, many computer users have turned towards P2P applications to obtain information and media that they require at home and on the job. With transmissions occurring over non-HTTP connections, even many technically savvy users don't realize just how easily their downloads and habits can be tracked and monitored across a network. This technical talk will delve into the network and file system forensic artifacts of P2P applications, focusing more towards BitTorrent but also including other relevant protocols. It will show what artifacts are left behind, and how some can be hidden away by knowledgeable users. It will also cover many of the new legal challenges that P2P users face and some of the newest protocol implementations created to bypass these legal restrictions. This information is focused towards forensics examiners and network administrators that wish to mitigate the risks of P2P communications, though the information is appropriate for all audiences and skill levels. This is a similar talk to one given at the DoD Cyber Crime Conference, GFIRST, and in briefings to the U.S. DoJ and various law enforcement agencies, though recreated for BSides Delaware.
The document appears to be a scanned copy of a legal contract for the sale of a residential property located at 123 Main Street. The contract details the purchase price of $250,000 with a closing date of June 15th. The buyer agrees to pay a $5,000 non-refundable deposit upon signing. Additional terms include conducting an inspection contingency and agreeing to pay all closing costs.
Msbte 1 notes disign of steel and rcc structure 27 feb-2021 11-36-29ROHANVADURLE
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Basic Concepts and Definitions – Distinction between a fluid and a solid, Density, Specific weight, Specific gravity, Kinematic and Dynamic viscosity, variation of viscosity with temperature, Newton law of viscosity, surface tension, capillarity.
Fluid Statics - Fluid Pressure: Pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, Hydrostatic law. Piezometer, U-Tube Manometer, Single Column Manometer,U-Tube Differential Manometer, Micromanometers and problems. Pressure gauges, Hydrostatic pressure and force: on horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces and problems.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
This document discusses soil phase systems and relationships between various soil properties. It describes soil as having either a 3-phase or 2-phase system, depending on whether it is partially or fully saturated/dry. The 3-phase system includes volumes and weights of solids, water, and air. Key relationships defined include water content, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, dry density, bulk density, and specific gravity. Density index and relative compaction are also explained. Functional relationships are presented between various properties like void ratio, degree of saturation, dry density, specific gravity, and unit weights.
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall narrative or topic. As it is an unstructured scan of pages, it is difficult to provide a high-level summary in 3 sentences or less.
The mineral reserves & reserves estimation using triangular methods Numan Hossain
The document discusses methods for estimating mineral reserves, specifically focusing on the triangular method. It defines mineral reserves and describes proven and probable reserves. It then explains the triangular method which involves calculating the area of the ore body using triangular sections, determining the average thickness, calculating the volume by multiplying area and thickness, and finally estimating reserves by multiplying volume by density. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use the triangular method and calculate reserves using different techniques to determine average thickness.
Kriging is a spatial prediction method that provides the "best linear unbiased estimator" (BLUE). It determines weights for a weighted linear combination of sample points that minimizes the prediction error variance. Ordinary kriging focuses on minimizing this error variance based on a variogram model that describes the spatial correlation between sample points. The kriging system is solved to determine the weights, and the predicted values and kriging variance can then be estimated at desired locations.
The document appears to be a scanned copy of a legal contract for the sale of a residential property located at 123 Main Street. The contract details the purchase price of $250,000 with a closing date of June 15th. The buyer agrees to pay a $5,000 non-refundable deposit upon signing. Additional terms include conducting an inspection contingency and agreeing to pay all closing costs.
Msbte 1 notes disign of steel and rcc structure 27 feb-2021 11-36-29ROHANVADURLE
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Basic Concepts and Definitions – Distinction between a fluid and a solid, Density, Specific weight, Specific gravity, Kinematic and Dynamic viscosity, variation of viscosity with temperature, Newton law of viscosity, surface tension, capillarity.
Fluid Statics - Fluid Pressure: Pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, Hydrostatic law. Piezometer, U-Tube Manometer, Single Column Manometer,U-Tube Differential Manometer, Micromanometers and problems. Pressure gauges, Hydrostatic pressure and force: on horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces and problems.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
This document discusses soil phase systems and relationships between various soil properties. It describes soil as having either a 3-phase or 2-phase system, depending on whether it is partially or fully saturated/dry. The 3-phase system includes volumes and weights of solids, water, and air. Key relationships defined include water content, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, dry density, bulk density, and specific gravity. Density index and relative compaction are also explained. Functional relationships are presented between various properties like void ratio, degree of saturation, dry density, specific gravity, and unit weights.
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall narrative or topic. As it is an unstructured scan of pages, it is difficult to provide a high-level summary in 3 sentences or less.
The mineral reserves & reserves estimation using triangular methods Numan Hossain
The document discusses methods for estimating mineral reserves, specifically focusing on the triangular method. It defines mineral reserves and describes proven and probable reserves. It then explains the triangular method which involves calculating the area of the ore body using triangular sections, determining the average thickness, calculating the volume by multiplying area and thickness, and finally estimating reserves by multiplying volume by density. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use the triangular method and calculate reserves using different techniques to determine average thickness.
Kriging is a spatial prediction method that provides the "best linear unbiased estimator" (BLUE). It determines weights for a weighted linear combination of sample points that minimizes the prediction error variance. Ordinary kriging focuses on minimizing this error variance based on a variogram model that describes the spatial correlation between sample points. The kriging system is solved to determine the weights, and the predicted values and kriging variance can then be estimated at desired locations.
This document discusses various topics related to cyber crime and casual cyber activity. It begins by introducing the author and their background. It then discusses legal gray areas around unauthorized access and copyright law. It examines relationships between consumers and technology companies. Several sections analyze jailbreaking Apple iPhones and modding game consoles like the Nintendo DS, Wii, and others. It covers debates around piracy, homebrew applications, and legal issues. The document concludes by predicting increasing conflicts between public interests in device functionality and corporate control through copyright as technology continues advancing.
This document provides an overview of intelligence gathering capabilities on Twitter. It describes basics of Twitter including how it works, capabilities for searching tweets, analyzing tweet content and metadata, archiving tweets long-term, and performing link analysis on networks of Twitter users. Tools for more advanced analysis including NodeXL, D3.js, and Maltego are also mentioned.
The document discusses advanced persistent threats (APTs) and malware development techniques. It describes how APTs use multi-stage attacks, social engineering techniques like spear phishing, and resilient command and control methods. It also provides examples of obfuscated Java code used in malware, including XOR encryption, reflection, and class loader overrides to dynamically load malicious classes. The document aims to educate on the technical approaches used in complex, targeted attacks and malware campaigns.
The Dark Side of Malware Analysis - Andrea Pompili - Codemotion Rome 2015Codemotion
Storicamente il reversing di eseguibili è sempre stata una pratica oscura associata alla pirateria o allo spionaggio industriale, ma oggi, con l'aumentare di malware targettizzati, quest'arte sta diventando un argomento molto discusso perchè necessita una forte capacità di analisi, intuizione ed inventiva. Ma perchè è così importante analizzare un malware? Quali strumenti utlizzare, ma soprattutto come approcciare il problema? Come gestire i meccanismi di protezione adottati? Niente di meglio per addentrarci nel mondo della malware analysis partendo proprio da alcuni casi reali.
Virtual machine forensics is an important topic for investigators. There are two types of hypervisors - Type 1 loads directly on hardware while Type 2 runs on an existing OS. The most common Type 2 hypervisors are Parallels, KVM, VirtualBox and VMware which allow virtual machines to run. Investigators must image both host systems and VMs, checking for VM files, network adapters and USB attachments to uncover any virtual machines. Live acquisitions of running VMs are also important to capture snapshot data.
Network forensics involves collecting and analyzing network data and traffic to determine how attacks occur. It is important to establish standard forensic procedures and know normal network traffic patterns to detect variations. Tools like packet analyzers, Sysinternals, and honeypots can help monitor traffic and identify intrusions. The Honeynet Project aims to increase security awareness by observing new attacker techniques.
Security in OSGi applications: Robust OSGi Platforms, secure BundlesKai Hackbarth
This document discusses security in OSGi applications. It describes how OSGi platforms can be made more robust through techniques like permission-based access control and how bundles can be made more secure by following recommendations around dependency management, access control, and data sharing. The document assesses the security of various OSGi platforms and how adding permissions improves their coverage of known vulnerabilities. It also provides an overview of common security threats in OSGi platforms and bundles as well as recommendations for building secure bundles.
Black Hat 2015 Arsenal: Noriben Malware AnalysisBrian Baskin
This document describes Noriben, a simple malware analysis sandbox that wraps the Process Monitor tool to log processes, file activity, registry activity, and network activity of suspicious files. It aims to provide quick analysis results while allowing flexibility. Key features include filtering out known benign activity, importing YARA signatures to scan files, querying VirusTotal APIs to retrieve file hashes, and generating timelines of events for automated analysis. The goal is to concisely show precise indicators of compromise without excessive noise.
Waf.js: How to Protect Web Applications using JavaScriptDenis Kolegov
The document discusses techniques for protecting web applications from client-side attacks using JavaScript (Waf.js). It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Waf.js provides defenses like CSRF prevention, DOM-based XSS prevention, and detection of unwanted applications. It utilizes parsers like Acorn and DOMPurify to parse and sanitize inputs to prevent injections. The document outlines approaches used by Waf.js to build the AST of an input and search for dangerous code like function calls to prevent attacks while minimizing false positives.
The document discusses the BitTorrent protocol. It begins by describing the limitations of traditional client-server models for file sharing, where the server bandwidth is the bottleneck. It then introduces the peer-to-peer BitTorrent model, where files are broken into pieces that can be downloaded from multiple peers simultaneously. Key terms are defined, such as torrents, trackers, seeds, and leeches. Examples are given of BitTorrent's widespread use for sharing files like movies, music, and software. The document concludes by listing some popular BitTorrent client programs.
Magnet links provide a concise summary of a document on magnet links:
Magnet links are an evolving standard used in peer-to-peer networks as an alternative to torrent files. They contain content hashes that allow clients to locate file copies among peers without needing to store actual files. This benefits indexers by making legal challenges more difficult. While magnet links offer advantages like platform independence, torrent files currently provide more metadata and control for users. However, as client and indexer support improves, magnet links may replace torrent files.
The document discusses how BitTorrent works for file sharing. It explains that BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer protocol that allows users to download files from multiple peers simultaneously. A central tracker coordinates the peers and keeps track of which pieces of the file each peer has available to share. Peers connect to each other to request and send pieces of the file, with the goal of the downloader obtaining all pieces from different peers to reconstruct the full file. The process continues until all peers have downloaded the complete file and become seeds.
The document discusses BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer protocol for distributing large files over the Internet. It describes how BitTorrent works by connecting users who are downloading a file ("peers") to those who have already downloaded it ("seeds"), allowing them to download and upload different parts of the file simultaneously. This enables much faster download speeds than traditional client-server methods. The document covers BitTorrent terminology, how files are located and transferred between peers and seeds, and how users can create torrent files to share content.
This document discusses BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. It begins with an introduction and overview of traditional client-server and peer-to-peer downloading models. It then explains key aspects of how BitTorrent works, including using a tracker to coordinate a swarm of peers exchanging pieces of files. The document outlines BitTorrent terminology, architecture, and how pieces are selected for maximum efficiency in data transfer.
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer protocol for distributing large files across the Internet. It allows users to download files from multiple sources at once, reducing bandwidth strain on any single source. The protocol works by breaking files into pieces that can be downloaded in any order from other users who already have pieces of the file. This "swarming" approach scales well as more users join a download. BitTorrent has proven highly effective for distributing popular content to millions of users and accounts for a significant portion of Internet traffic today.
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol that allows users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet. It was created in 2001 by Bram Cohen as a way for people to efficiently distribute large amounts of data. Using BitTorrent, files can be downloaded from multiple users simultaneously, rather than from a single source. Common uses of BitTorrent include downloading movies, music, software, and other media files. While it provides advantages like high download speeds, it also enables illegal sharing of copyrighted content.
This document discusses peer-to-peer networks and the BitTorrent protocol. It describes how peer-to-peer networks allow clients to act as both servers and clients by sharing resources directly without a central server. It then explains key aspects of BitTorrent, including that it was created by Bram Cohen in 2003 as a P2P file transfer protocol for large file sharing where all users actively participate. The document also defines terms like torrent files, trackers, swarms, peers, leechers and seeders that are important components of how the BitTorrent protocol functions.
This document provides an overview of BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. It discusses how BitTorrent works, including key concepts like seeds, peers, torrent files, trackers, and piece selection. The document also covers advantages like efficient large file transfers and recent developments such as BitTorrent Sync and BitTorrent Live. In summary, BitTorrent is a widely used P2P protocol that allows people to efficiently download large files from multiple sources simultaneously.
This document discusses various topics related to cyber crime and casual cyber activity. It begins by introducing the author and their background. It then discusses legal gray areas around unauthorized access and copyright law. It examines relationships between consumers and technology companies. Several sections analyze jailbreaking Apple iPhones and modding game consoles like the Nintendo DS, Wii, and others. It covers debates around piracy, homebrew applications, and legal issues. The document concludes by predicting increasing conflicts between public interests in device functionality and corporate control through copyright as technology continues advancing.
This document provides an overview of intelligence gathering capabilities on Twitter. It describes basics of Twitter including how it works, capabilities for searching tweets, analyzing tweet content and metadata, archiving tweets long-term, and performing link analysis on networks of Twitter users. Tools for more advanced analysis including NodeXL, D3.js, and Maltego are also mentioned.
The document discusses advanced persistent threats (APTs) and malware development techniques. It describes how APTs use multi-stage attacks, social engineering techniques like spear phishing, and resilient command and control methods. It also provides examples of obfuscated Java code used in malware, including XOR encryption, reflection, and class loader overrides to dynamically load malicious classes. The document aims to educate on the technical approaches used in complex, targeted attacks and malware campaigns.
The Dark Side of Malware Analysis - Andrea Pompili - Codemotion Rome 2015Codemotion
Storicamente il reversing di eseguibili è sempre stata una pratica oscura associata alla pirateria o allo spionaggio industriale, ma oggi, con l'aumentare di malware targettizzati, quest'arte sta diventando un argomento molto discusso perchè necessita una forte capacità di analisi, intuizione ed inventiva. Ma perchè è così importante analizzare un malware? Quali strumenti utlizzare, ma soprattutto come approcciare il problema? Come gestire i meccanismi di protezione adottati? Niente di meglio per addentrarci nel mondo della malware analysis partendo proprio da alcuni casi reali.
Virtual machine forensics is an important topic for investigators. There are two types of hypervisors - Type 1 loads directly on hardware while Type 2 runs on an existing OS. The most common Type 2 hypervisors are Parallels, KVM, VirtualBox and VMware which allow virtual machines to run. Investigators must image both host systems and VMs, checking for VM files, network adapters and USB attachments to uncover any virtual machines. Live acquisitions of running VMs are also important to capture snapshot data.
Network forensics involves collecting and analyzing network data and traffic to determine how attacks occur. It is important to establish standard forensic procedures and know normal network traffic patterns to detect variations. Tools like packet analyzers, Sysinternals, and honeypots can help monitor traffic and identify intrusions. The Honeynet Project aims to increase security awareness by observing new attacker techniques.
Security in OSGi applications: Robust OSGi Platforms, secure BundlesKai Hackbarth
This document discusses security in OSGi applications. It describes how OSGi platforms can be made more robust through techniques like permission-based access control and how bundles can be made more secure by following recommendations around dependency management, access control, and data sharing. The document assesses the security of various OSGi platforms and how adding permissions improves their coverage of known vulnerabilities. It also provides an overview of common security threats in OSGi platforms and bundles as well as recommendations for building secure bundles.
Black Hat 2015 Arsenal: Noriben Malware AnalysisBrian Baskin
This document describes Noriben, a simple malware analysis sandbox that wraps the Process Monitor tool to log processes, file activity, registry activity, and network activity of suspicious files. It aims to provide quick analysis results while allowing flexibility. Key features include filtering out known benign activity, importing YARA signatures to scan files, querying VirusTotal APIs to retrieve file hashes, and generating timelines of events for automated analysis. The goal is to concisely show precise indicators of compromise without excessive noise.
Waf.js: How to Protect Web Applications using JavaScriptDenis Kolegov
The document discusses techniques for protecting web applications from client-side attacks using JavaScript (Waf.js). It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Waf.js provides defenses like CSRF prevention, DOM-based XSS prevention, and detection of unwanted applications. It utilizes parsers like Acorn and DOMPurify to parse and sanitize inputs to prevent injections. The document outlines approaches used by Waf.js to build the AST of an input and search for dangerous code like function calls to prevent attacks while minimizing false positives.
The document discusses the BitTorrent protocol. It begins by describing the limitations of traditional client-server models for file sharing, where the server bandwidth is the bottleneck. It then introduces the peer-to-peer BitTorrent model, where files are broken into pieces that can be downloaded from multiple peers simultaneously. Key terms are defined, such as torrents, trackers, seeds, and leeches. Examples are given of BitTorrent's widespread use for sharing files like movies, music, and software. The document concludes by listing some popular BitTorrent client programs.
Magnet links provide a concise summary of a document on magnet links:
Magnet links are an evolving standard used in peer-to-peer networks as an alternative to torrent files. They contain content hashes that allow clients to locate file copies among peers without needing to store actual files. This benefits indexers by making legal challenges more difficult. While magnet links offer advantages like platform independence, torrent files currently provide more metadata and control for users. However, as client and indexer support improves, magnet links may replace torrent files.
The document discusses how BitTorrent works for file sharing. It explains that BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer protocol that allows users to download files from multiple peers simultaneously. A central tracker coordinates the peers and keeps track of which pieces of the file each peer has available to share. Peers connect to each other to request and send pieces of the file, with the goal of the downloader obtaining all pieces from different peers to reconstruct the full file. The process continues until all peers have downloaded the complete file and become seeds.
The document discusses BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer protocol for distributing large files over the Internet. It describes how BitTorrent works by connecting users who are downloading a file ("peers") to those who have already downloaded it ("seeds"), allowing them to download and upload different parts of the file simultaneously. This enables much faster download speeds than traditional client-server methods. The document covers BitTorrent terminology, how files are located and transferred between peers and seeds, and how users can create torrent files to share content.
This document discusses BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. It begins with an introduction and overview of traditional client-server and peer-to-peer downloading models. It then explains key aspects of how BitTorrent works, including using a tracker to coordinate a swarm of peers exchanging pieces of files. The document outlines BitTorrent terminology, architecture, and how pieces are selected for maximum efficiency in data transfer.
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer protocol for distributing large files across the Internet. It allows users to download files from multiple sources at once, reducing bandwidth strain on any single source. The protocol works by breaking files into pieces that can be downloaded in any order from other users who already have pieces of the file. This "swarming" approach scales well as more users join a download. BitTorrent has proven highly effective for distributing popular content to millions of users and accounts for a significant portion of Internet traffic today.
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol that allows users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet. It was created in 2001 by Bram Cohen as a way for people to efficiently distribute large amounts of data. Using BitTorrent, files can be downloaded from multiple users simultaneously, rather than from a single source. Common uses of BitTorrent include downloading movies, music, software, and other media files. While it provides advantages like high download speeds, it also enables illegal sharing of copyrighted content.
This document discusses peer-to-peer networks and the BitTorrent protocol. It describes how peer-to-peer networks allow clients to act as both servers and clients by sharing resources directly without a central server. It then explains key aspects of BitTorrent, including that it was created by Bram Cohen in 2003 as a P2P file transfer protocol for large file sharing where all users actively participate. The document also defines terms like torrent files, trackers, swarms, peers, leechers and seeders that are important components of how the BitTorrent protocol functions.
This document provides an overview of BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. It discusses how BitTorrent works, including key concepts like seeds, peers, torrent files, trackers, and piece selection. The document also covers advantages like efficient large file transfers and recent developments such as BitTorrent Sync and BitTorrent Live. In summary, BitTorrent is a widely used P2P protocol that allows people to efficiently download large files from multiple sources simultaneously.
The document discusses peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and summarizes key information about several popular P2P file sharing protocols and systems, including Napster, Gnutella, KaZaA, and BitTorrent. It describes the basic architectures of centralized, flooded/decentralized, and hybrid approaches. Case studies provide more details on the technologies, protocols, messages structures, and how each system locates and shares content between peers.
This document provides an overview of the BitTorrent protocol. It describes how BitTorrent works by breaking files into pieces that can be downloaded simultaneously from multiple users, reducing load on servers. Key components are explained, including torrent files, trackers, peers, seeders and leechers. Advantages of BitTorrent include faster download speeds and reduced bandwidth usage. Limitations include potential slow speeds until more peers join and a reliance on trackers.
Torrent technology allows users to share large files over peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. A torrent file contains metadata about the files being distributed, including file names and sizes, and pointers to trackers that help users locate each other. When a user downloads a torrent, the file is divided into pieces that are distributed among peers in a swarm. Trackers coordinate peer connections to optimize data transfer, while seeds are peers that have a complete copy of the file and continue sharing to others. However, torrents are also commonly used to distribute copyrighted content without authorization, which is illegal. Users must take precautions like only downloading from trusted sources to avoid security risks from fake or infected torrents.
Observations from the APNIC Community Honeynet Project, presentation by Adli ...APNIC
Observations from the APNIC Community Honeynet Project, presentation by Adli Wahid for the CNCERT International Partnership Conference 2022, delivered on 14 December 2022.
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol that allows users to distribute large files over the Internet. It breaks files into pieces that are distributed among users and reassembled, with each peer sharing pieces they have with others simultaneously. A central tracker coordinates peers to efficiently locate pieces from each other without relying on a single server. BitTorrent has grown to account for a significant portion of Internet traffic due to its decentralized, robust, and high-performance distribution of files.
This document discusses the architecture and workings of the BitTorrent protocol. It begins with an introduction and overview of other file transfer methods. The key components of the BitTorrent system are then explained, including the torrent file, tracker, peers, and client software. The document outlines how BitTorrent uses a decentralized structure and tit-for-tat data exchange between peers to efficiently distribute file pieces across the network with no single point of failure.
This document discusses footprinting and information gathering techniques for network security. It defines footprinting as gathering information about potential target systems and networks. Both attacker and defender perspectives are considered. Basic Linux and Windows tools are covered, such as hostname, ifconfig, who, ping, traceroute, dig, nslookup, whois, arp and netstat for gathering system, network topology and user information. Packet sniffers like Wireshark are also introduced for analyzing network traffic. The document emphasizes that even basic tools can provide a lot of useful information to attackers, so defenders should aim to minimize what they reveal.
This document discusses Meek and domain fronting as techniques for circumventing internet censorship. It provides an overview of censorship tools and the arms race between censors and circumvention methods. Meek uses domain fronting to hide proxy traffic by making encrypted requests to CDNs like Google and Cloudflare that appear as normal traffic, making the connections difficult for censors to block without blocking major sites. Meek has been implemented in tools like Psiphon and Tor to provide uncensorable access by tunneling their protocols over domain-fronted connections. While attacks from deep packet inspection are possible, Meek has so far proven very effective at evading censorship.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
2. Who Am I?
Senior Consultant with cmdLabs
Former Deputy Lead Technical Engineer
Defense Cyber Investigations Training Academy
Author/coauthor of seven InfoSec books
4. Kazaa
• 2006 - After ruling of ``MGM Studios, Inc. v.
Grokster, Ltd”, Kazaa settled their lawsuits
w/ US copyright owners ($100mil+)
• Sold operations to Australian company –
which was then sued and lost by ARIA
• Now maintains a respectable business…
5. BitTorrent
• The Pirate Bay
– Trial ended Apr 2009
– All four operators found guilty
– 1 Year prison + 3.5mil USD fine
– Appeals finished 19 Oct 2010
– Results due 26 Nov
Oink’s Pink Palace (OiNK)
– First BitTorrent case in U.K.
– Shutdown down in 2007 by International Federation of the
Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and British Phonographic Industry
(BPI)
– Ruled not-guilty by jury, 15 Jan 2010, allowed to keep £200K of
site donations
6. LimeWire
• May 2010 – Charged with copyright
infringement, inducing others to
copyright infringement
• Oct 2010 – Under court order injunction
to C&D services
7. RIAA v. Law Enforcement
• LE loves P2P
– Helps find low-hanging fruit (ICAC)
• RIAA hates P2P
– Disallow low-hanging fruit
• If there is no venue for low-hanging
fruit, they’ll climb the tree
8. Oh #$^@!
• Avionics / network info from President’s
Marine One helicopter leaked*
– Leaked by DoD contractor over Gnutella
(LimeWire)
• Prompted passage of HR 1319*
– Informed P2P User Act
– Requires apps to warn you of sharing entire
hard drive
http://news.cnet.com/8301-10787_3-10184785-60.html
http://www.opencongress.org/bill/111-h1319/show
10. Kazaa
• Yes! It’s still in use!
– Official Kazaa client is 100% legal content
– Kazaa Lite / Resurrection are unofficial networks
– Basically a dead client due to legal scrutiny
… for now
11. Kazaa
• Proprietary protocol for peer-to-peer
communications and searching
• Downloads are through standard HTTP GET requests
GET /.hash=ba01cf58b0216f7ebfea389d17456a17f1e5ffff
HTTP/1.1
Host: 43.19.1.6:2218
UserAgent: KazaaClient Jul 27 2004 21:14:16
X-Kazaa-Username: my-k-lite.com
X-Kazaa-Network: KaZaA
X-Kazaa-IP: 10.1.15.1:1485
X-Kazaa-SupernodeIP: 69.81.20.135:2783
13. LimeWire
• Primary client for Gnutella Network
– Currently DOA
– FrostWire best alternative
• Still dead-ish
• Used an open leaf-node system
– Allowed for nodes to see all search terms passed
through them
– Source of hilarity
• #1 Network for CP (no, not THAT CP)
– See Operation Fairplay
16. BitTorrent
• One of the newest, most popular P2P apps
• Currently accounts for between 30-55% of all
Internet traffic
– In U.S.: 53% of all upstream traffic*
– In Latin America: 73% of all upstream traffic
http://torrentfreak.com/bittorrent-still-dominates-global-internet-traffic-101026/
18. Torrent Web Sites
• The vast majority are public web sites where
anyone can download
– The Pirate Bay (TPB) (www.thepiratebay.org)
– BTJunkie (www.btjunkie.org)
– ISO Hunt (www.isohunt.com)
– Torrent Reactor (www.torrentreactor.net)
– Linux Tracker (www.linuxtracker.org)
– Legal Torrents (www.legaltorrents.com)
19. Torrent Web Sites
• Many private torrent sites require user
accounts and are very secretive
• Most revolve around types of media
– Educational:
• BitMe (www.bitme.org)
– Music:
• What CD? (what.cd)
– TV
• HDBits (www.HDBits.org)
25. The .torrent file
• Text based file includes:
– Tracker address
– Creation date (# secs since 1-1-1970)
– File names and sizes
– Client used to create torrent
• The actual network is identified by a SHA-1 of
this file called an Info Hash
• All data is “Bencoded”, a format used to
transmit various types of data in a simple file
format
27. The .torrent file
• Announce : http://inferno.demonoid.com:3397/announce
• Azureus_properties
– dht_backup_enable = 1
• Comment = www.meganova.org, Fast, Clean…
• Created by = WWW.MEGANOVA.ORG
• Creation date = 1169407014
• Encoding = UTF-84
• Info
– Files
• Length = 47
• Path = Torrent downloaded from Demonoid.com.txt
• Length = 63138
• Path = iPhone.mp3
– Name = iPhone Ringtone
– Piece length = 32768
– Pieces = piece data
28. Magnet Links
• Replacement for .torrent files
– Became popular over 2009
• All torrent details are in URI format:
magnet:?
xt=urn:btih:b8d738781bb770735f71f2ae21b588f04
9cd8381dn=Windows+7tr=http://tracker.thepir
atebay.org/announce
– xt = eXact Topic = Uniform Resource Name:
BitTorrent Info Hash
– dn = Display Name
– tr = Tracker Address
29. Present Day
• That’s all now nearly obsolete
– Many trackers and web hosts are being
dismantled due to legal pressures
– Even greater decentralization is being
used to avoid single points of failure
– Modern file sharers use a combination of
Magnet links and Tracker-less
communications to bypass points of
failure
30. Distributed Hash Tables (DHT)
• Technically a Distributed Sloppy Hash Table (DSHT)
– A.K.A. UDP Tracker
• Used primarily for Peer Discovery
• Peer becomes tracker, based on Kademlia protocol
– Each peer maintains routing table of known
good nodes
• Known good = active in last 15 minutes
– If no routing table exists, client ‘bootstraps’ into
larger table (router.utorrent.com,
router.bittorrent.com, dht.aelitis.com)
• IP addresses for swarm are stored in routing table
31. Distributed Hash Tables (DHT)
• The routing table for a particular torrent is housed in
only ONE node – whatever node’s own SHA-1 name is
closest to the Info Hash Key
• Info Hash:
2fd4e1c67a2d28fced849ee1bb76e7391b93eb12
• Node SHA-1:
2fd4e1c67a2d28fced849ee1bb76e7391b93e23b
200
120 275
175
65 15
32. Distributed Hash Tables (DHT)
• To find closest pair, distance between Info Hash
and Node SHA1 is compared as:
• Distance = x XOR y
• X = 93eb12 = 100100111110101100010010
• Y1 = 93e23b = 100100111110001000111011
• Y2 = 93e21a = 100100111110001000011010
• x XOR y1 = 000000000000100100101001 = 2345
• x XOR y2 = 000000000000100100010000 = 2320
• Y2 is closest to X
33. Distributed Hash Tables (DHT)
• Allows for completely decentralized peer discovery
– Trackers are not longer required to find peers
– Ratios are not enforceable
• Side effects include:
– Long lookup times
– High(er) rate of dead peers in routing tables
– More Hit-and-run leechers
• http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0005.html
• http://www.torrentfreak.com/common-bittorrent-dht-myths-091024/
• http://www.tribler.org/trac/wiki/Khashmir
• http://www.iseclab.org/papers/securecomm08_overbot.pdf
35. Peer Communication
• Starts with “handshake” b/w peers
– Peers share their unique IDs and Info Hash
of the network they’re in
– Normally uses TCP 6881-6889
• Custom Peer Wire Protocol (PWP)
– request – requests a specified data block
– piece – sends a requested data block
– have – notifies a peer that you have a data
block available to send
36. Peer Communication
• Data Transmissions
– The entire data session is broken down into pieces
(256KB, 512KB, 1MB, etc)
– Each piece is sent in blocks of data normally
16,384 (16KB) in size
– Each block refers to a particular piece and its
beginning offset within that piece
37. Saving Files
• Stream treated as one large set of data
– Offset “lengths” in .Torrent tell where to
differentiate files
• Blocks are downloaded randomly
– Rarest are normally downloaded first
File 1 File 2 File 3
38. Carving Data from Network Captures
• How do you extract the files that have been
transferred from a network capture?
– Humanly impossible impractical
• Prior to sending data, the entire data set is broken
down into 1MB “pieces”
• Data is transferred directly b/w peers in 16KB
chunks, denoted by a particular piece and the
starting offset in that piece
39. Carving Data from Network Captures
• Can you automatically carve BitTorrent
data?
– CoolMiner from FBI will do it
• Requires a few hours of processing, but
will produce the original files that were
downloaded across the network stream
– AccessData SilentRunner?
42. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• BitTorrent (Mainline) client (ver. 5.3) –
– Installs by default to: C:Program FilesBitTorrent
– By default, listens on port 6881
– By default, saves data from “active” downloads to
%USERPROFILE%Application DataBitTorrentincomplete
– Copies of original .torrents are renamed to their Info Hash
value and stored in: %USERPROFILE%Application
DataBitTorrentdatametainfo
• Files remain even after download is completed
45. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• BitTorrent 6.X/7.X and µTorrent client
– All versions of BitTorrent 6.X and above are
just a re-branded version of µTorrent
– µTorrent provides one of the smallest and
most compact clients, and is currently one
of the most popular clients in usage
– The two clients are virtually identical in
nearly every way
46. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• µTorrent client (ver. 2.0.4) –
– Installs by default to: C:Program FilesuTorrent
– Slim client composed of just two files: utorrent.exe and
uninstall.exe
– On install, picks a random port
– By default, downloads are stored in: %USERPROFILE
%DocumentsDownloads
– Copies of original torrents are stored in:
%USERPROFILE%AppDataRoaminguTorrent
%USERPROFILE%Application DatauTorrent (XP)
• Files remain only while client is active in torrent
48. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• BitTorrent 7.1
– Same information as uTorrent, just stored in:
%UserProfile%AppDataRoamingBitTorrent
%UserProfile%Application DataBitTorrent (XP)
– Addition of “BTDNA” - a service that allegedly
allows BT to use ISP’s bandwidth “kindly”
• Reverse Analysis
http://wefixedtheglitch.tumblr.com/post/22786974
49. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• Vuze Client
– Java-based client
available for all major
OSs
– Aggressive dev team
– Open-source
– Numerous plug-ins
51. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• Vuze client (ver. 4.5.1.0) –
– Installs by default to: C:Program FilesVuze
– On install, picks a random port from 49152–65534
– By default, downloads are stored in %USERPROFILE
%My DocumentsAzureus Downloads
– Copies of original torrents are stored in:
%USERPROFILE%AppDataRoamingAzureusactive
• File is renamed to 40-byte Info Hash value + ‘.dat’
• Files remain only while client is active in torrent
%USERPROFILE%AppDataRoamingAzureustorrents
• Files remain even after download is completed
52. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• Vuze client (ver. 4.5.1.0) –
– Configuration settings are stored in:
%USERPROFILE%AppDataRoamingAzureusazureus.config
– Very cryptic file, but contains many interesting items:
7:ASN BGP14:151.196.0.0/16 (Autonomous System Number)
7:ASN ASN46:VZGNI-TRANSIT - Verizon Internet Services Inc.
17:Default save path20:C:DownloadsAzureus
15:TCP.Listen.Porti50692e
15:UDP.Listen.Porti50692e
23:UDP.NonData.Listen.Porti50692e
53. BitTorrent Client Forensics
• Vuze client (ver. 4.5.1.0) –
– Client also stores historical statistics in:
%USERPROFILE%AppDataRoamingAzureusazureus.statistics
14:download_counti3e (3 total downloads)
10:downloadedi2706532e (2,706,532 total bytes downloaded)
8:uploadedi26389e (26,389 total bytes uploaded)
6:uptimei20859e (Seconds client has been active)
56. Torrent Co-location
• Subscription services to download torrents at
remote site
• Most based upon TorrentFlux web-app
• Peer Harbor – www.peerharbor.com
– (formerly Torrent2FTP)
– Remote site downloads your torrents and sends to you
via FTP
57. IPREDator
• VPN service run by ThePirateBay to avoid
recent Swedish law IPRED
– Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive
• Went live November 2009 for €5 ($7)/month
– Prevents ISPs from logging usage statistics
58. Private Trackers
• Private torrent trackers require invitations to join
• Most have regular, brief, open registration periods
• Tracker Checker (trackerchecker.com)
automatically looks for trackers in “open
registration”
59. Brian Baskin
Contact Us:
e-mail: contact@cmdlabs.com
p: 443.451.7330
www.cmdlabs.com
1101 E. 33rd Street, Suite C301
Baltimore, MD 21218