Bitcoin is a digital currency that operates on a distributed ledger called the blockchain. Transactions, balances, and addresses are recorded on the blockchain, which anyone can view but no single entity controls. When Alice sends money to Bob, she broadcasts a signed transaction to the network using cryptography. Miners verify transactions by solving computational puzzles and are rewarded with new bitcoins. They add verified transactions to the blockchain in blocks, maintaining a tamper-proof record of all transactions.
Cryptocurrencies for Everyone (Dmytro Pershyn Technology Stream)IT Arena
The document provides an overview of cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin. It defines cryptocurrency as a digital currency that uses encryption techniques to regulate currency units and verify fund transfers outside of central bank control. Bitcoin is highlighted as the first decentralized digital currency, used for online payments and traded on exchanges. Key differences between traditional currencies and Bitcoin are outlined. The document then covers various technical elements that underpin cryptocurrencies like decentralization, distributed consensus, digital signatures, hash functions, and blockchain data structures. It provides examples of how cryptocurrency and Bitcoin systems work at a technical level.
A short seminar presentation on the technical background of Bitcoins. Some basic concepts behind bitcoin addresses are discussed. An overview on the concepts of transactions and blocks is given.
This document provides an overview of cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin. It defines cryptocurrency and describes how Bitcoin works as a decentralized digital currency using cryptography to regulate currency generation and verify fund transfers without a central bank. Key aspects covered include currency vs Bitcoin, Bitcoin expansion, cryptography basics like hashing and digital signatures, blockchain data structures, mining and proof-of-work consensus, and incentives to maintain the Bitcoin network.
Bitcoin, Blockchain and the Crypto Contracts - Part 2Prithwis Mukerjee
Where we explain how the cryptographic ideas are used to create a crypto asset on the block chain. This one part of a three part slide deck. For the full deck and the context please visit http://bit.ly/pm-bbc
Bitcoin and blockchain are not the same things, although they are related in that blockchain technology was first described and implemented in Bitcoin. Learn More about Blockchain:
Here block chain technology is being explained with the help of a very common use case of this technology i.e. in banking how money transfer from one account to other in conventional way VS how money transfer in block chain
A brief introduction to Blockchain and the underlying technology of distributed computing, challenges and future scope.
Copyrights belong to the respective owners, intention is purely for informational/educational purpose
I would like to thank various blogs, technical tutorials, books, videos to help me understand the basics and collate this presentaion
Blockchain, cryptography and tokens — NYC Bar presentationPaperchain
Concise version of presentation delivered at the NYC Bar Association.
Overview of blockchains, how cryptography works on blockchains and the difference between cryptocurrencies and tokens.
Cryptocurrencies for Everyone (Dmytro Pershyn Technology Stream)IT Arena
The document provides an overview of cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin. It defines cryptocurrency as a digital currency that uses encryption techniques to regulate currency units and verify fund transfers outside of central bank control. Bitcoin is highlighted as the first decentralized digital currency, used for online payments and traded on exchanges. Key differences between traditional currencies and Bitcoin are outlined. The document then covers various technical elements that underpin cryptocurrencies like decentralization, distributed consensus, digital signatures, hash functions, and blockchain data structures. It provides examples of how cryptocurrency and Bitcoin systems work at a technical level.
A short seminar presentation on the technical background of Bitcoins. Some basic concepts behind bitcoin addresses are discussed. An overview on the concepts of transactions and blocks is given.
This document provides an overview of cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin. It defines cryptocurrency and describes how Bitcoin works as a decentralized digital currency using cryptography to regulate currency generation and verify fund transfers without a central bank. Key aspects covered include currency vs Bitcoin, Bitcoin expansion, cryptography basics like hashing and digital signatures, blockchain data structures, mining and proof-of-work consensus, and incentives to maintain the Bitcoin network.
Bitcoin, Blockchain and the Crypto Contracts - Part 2Prithwis Mukerjee
Where we explain how the cryptographic ideas are used to create a crypto asset on the block chain. This one part of a three part slide deck. For the full deck and the context please visit http://bit.ly/pm-bbc
Bitcoin and blockchain are not the same things, although they are related in that blockchain technology was first described and implemented in Bitcoin. Learn More about Blockchain:
Here block chain technology is being explained with the help of a very common use case of this technology i.e. in banking how money transfer from one account to other in conventional way VS how money transfer in block chain
A brief introduction to Blockchain and the underlying technology of distributed computing, challenges and future scope.
Copyrights belong to the respective owners, intention is purely for informational/educational purpose
I would like to thank various blogs, technical tutorials, books, videos to help me understand the basics and collate this presentaion
Blockchain, cryptography and tokens — NYC Bar presentationPaperchain
Concise version of presentation delivered at the NYC Bar Association.
Overview of blockchains, how cryptography works on blockchains and the difference between cryptocurrencies and tokens.
During this presentation, we will cover a brief introduction into Blockchain technology, historic use cases & emerging trends for Blockchain technology. We will also touch on what to expect from Blockchain technology in 2019. It is important to understand the progress that is being achieved every day with every single step we take towards real use cases for Blockchain projects. 2019 might be the first year where the Blockchain starts to become a central part in people’s lives and in some industries.
Main points covered:
• Conduct a brief introduction to Blockchain technology;
• Discuss both historic use cases and emerging trends for Blockchain technology;
• What to expect from Blockchain technology in 2019
Presenter:
Our presenter for this webinar is Kenneth Kimbel, a Cybersecurity professional with over five years of overall experience providing diverse technology services in client-facing roles. Recent Master’s in Cybersecurity Risk Management as well as a JD with a Cybersecurity Law focus. Currently, Kenneth is a data privacy and Cybersecurity Advisory Consultant with Deloitte. He is also knowledgeable on both current technical and legal issues in security.
Date: March 27th, 2019
Recorded webinar: https://youtu.be/fLjVgj6MAPY
This document provides an overview of Bitcoin, including:
- Bitcoin uses a decentralized blockchain and proof-of-work to allow digital currency transactions without a central authority.
- Transactions are recorded on the blockchain, and each transaction includes the hash of the previous transaction to link transactions together in a chain.
- Miners process transactions by finding a proof-of-work for the block and receive new bitcoins as a reward, securing the network through validating transactions.
- Future research areas include improving anonymity, security of wallets from theft, and mitigating attacks like Sybil and denial of service.
Block Chain & Beyond is a presentation that defines key terms related to blockchain and digital currencies. It discusses problems with traditional online payment protocols like SWIFT, including high fees and slow settlement times. It then introduces blockchain and Bitcoin, explaining how the blockchain solves issues of double spending through cryptography, hash functions, and a consensus protocol where miners are incentivized to confirm accurate transaction records. It also briefly describes another consensus protocol called Ripple that enables real-time foreign exchange transactions through a distributed ledger approach.
Where we explain how the concept of a crypto currency can lead to the creation of a new kind of autonomous corporation. This one part of a three part slide deck. For the full deck and the context please visit http://bit.ly/pm-bbc
Bitcoin is a digital currency that uses cryptography and a decentralized peer-to-peer network to facilitate secure transactions between users. Transactions are recorded on a public blockchain ledger that is verified by miners who solve complex computational puzzles. When Alice wants to send bitcoin to Bob, she broadcasts an encrypted transaction to the network using her private key, and Bob can then verify the transaction using Alice's public key. Miners work to validate transactions by solving proof-of-work puzzles and adding verified transactions to the blockchain, receiving bitcoin as a reward. This process prevents double spending and allows for decentralized verification of ownership without a central authority.
Bitcoin : A fierce Decentralized internet currencyShivek Khurana
- Bitcoin is a decentralized cryptocurrency that uses blockchain technology to enable peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries like banks. It was created in 2008 by the anonymous person or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto.
- The Bitcoin protocol uses digital signatures, hashing, and a proof-of-work system where miners validate transactions and are rewarded with new bitcoins. Transactions are grouped into blocks that are added to the blockchain in a decentralized manner.
- Bitcoin allows for low-cost or free global transactions, with no banks or transaction limits, providing an alternative payment method outside the traditional banking system. However, understanding the technical details of the Bitcoin protocol requires knowledge of cryptography, digital architecture, and other technical fields
Blockchain Interview Questions And Answers | Blockchain Technology Interview ...Simplilearn
The document provides information to differentiate between Blockchain and Hyperledger:
- Blockchain is a decentralized technology that records immutable transaction records in blocks secured by cryptography. It can be public, private, or consortium. Hyperledger is a platform that allows building private blockchains where access is limited.
The document provides an overview of blockchain technology, including its key components and how it works. In 3 sentences:
Blockchain is a distributed ledger of transactions stored in encrypted blocks that are chained together, with each new block recording transactions and a hash of the previous block. The blockchain is maintained through a consensus mechanism where participants validate transactions and add new blocks to the chain in a decentralized manner. The document discusses the technical aspects of blockchain like transactions, blocks, consensus algorithms, mining and validation, as well as its applications across different industries.
Boolberry improves on existing CryptoNote coins by calculating transaction IDs using only the transaction prefix, excluding ring signatures. This allows ring signatures to be cut off from old transactions, reducing block chain bloat by 55-90% compared to ordinary CryptoNote coins while still proving transactions belong to blocks. Boolberry is designed to be more efficient and provide a more compact, faster synchronizing block chain for a better user experience.
201811 Bitcoin, Blockchain and the Technology behind CryptocurrenciesPaperchain
Half Moon Seminer presentation for CLE credits.
Goes through the technologies that underly blockchain systems, smart contracts, tokens and their applications across a number of industry verticals.
This document provides an introduction to blockchain technology, including how it works, potential applications, advantages and disadvantages. It begins with an overview of blockchain and bitcoin, explaining how transactions are verified and added to the distributed ledger. Examples of uses for banking, insurance, supply chain and more are described. Advantages like security, transparency and efficiency are contrasted with challenges involving scalability, governance and commercialization. Privacy and risk concerns are also addressed.
Coin Center at EU Science and Technology Options Assessment Meeting Jan 25, 2015CoinCenter
Coin Center Director of Research, Peter Van Valkenburgh, discusses Bitcoin at the EU Parliament Science and Technology Options Assessment Meeting Jan 25, 2015
The main things you need to know about blockchain:
+ What Is A Blockchain. Theory
+ Ordering Facts
+ Blocks
+ Mining
+ Money and Cryptocurrencies
+ Contracts
This document discusses building a blockchain network without a central authority by using cryptographic techniques like public-private key pairs, digital signatures, and proof-of-work. It explains how transactions between parties can be recorded in a distributed ledger through digitally signing transaction receipts with private keys. It then discusses how proof-of-work can be used to establish consensus on the valid transaction history and prevent double spending by making it computationally costly to vote or generate transactions on the network.
The document proposes a peer-to-peer electronic cash system called Bitcoin that uses cryptographic proof instead of a trusted third party to allow any two willing parties to transact directly. It addresses the double-spending problem through a peer-to-peer network that timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of proof-of-work blocks. As long as the majority of computing power on the network is controlled by honest nodes, they will generate the longest chain and outpace attackers. The network itself requires minimal structure and nodes can join and leave freely.
Symposium on Legal Regulation of Bitcoin, Blockchain & Cryptocurrencies anupriti
Symposium on Legal Regulation of Bitcoin, Blockchain & Cryptocurrencies was held at G D Goenka University, Sohna Road,Gurgaon on 22nd Feb 2018.Sharing here the presentation I gave for info.Readers may contact me for any clarifications on the subject content please.
Blockchain is a decentralized ledger or list of all transactions across a peer-to-peer network. It underlies technologies like Bitcoin and has potential to disrupt many business processes. No single user controls the blockchain, transactions are broadcast to the network and validated through consensus. The author of the blockchain concept is unknown, thought to use the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchains use techniques like proof-of-work to serialize changes and achieve distributed consensus to maintain integrity without centralized authority.
Picture slide show - jan ur council mtgGabriel Boyd
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of exercise on memory and thinking abilities in older adults. The study found that regular exercise can help reduce the decline in thinking abilities that often occurs with age. Specifically, aerobic exercise was shown to improve scores on memory and thinking tests in sedentary older adults who exercised for 6 months.
This study comparatively analyzed risk management policies and practices of Spartan Race and The Wolf Run, two extreme obstacle race companies. The researcher created an instrument to gather information on training resources provided, risk waivers, medical assistance, and course maintenance. Both companies hold various races throughout the year featuring natural and man-made obstacles over long distances. Spartan Race offers three main levels of races across North America while The Wolf Run hosts four seasonal races in the UK. The purpose was to evaluate how these companies minimize physical risk and prepare for potential injuries.
During this presentation, we will cover a brief introduction into Blockchain technology, historic use cases & emerging trends for Blockchain technology. We will also touch on what to expect from Blockchain technology in 2019. It is important to understand the progress that is being achieved every day with every single step we take towards real use cases for Blockchain projects. 2019 might be the first year where the Blockchain starts to become a central part in people’s lives and in some industries.
Main points covered:
• Conduct a brief introduction to Blockchain technology;
• Discuss both historic use cases and emerging trends for Blockchain technology;
• What to expect from Blockchain technology in 2019
Presenter:
Our presenter for this webinar is Kenneth Kimbel, a Cybersecurity professional with over five years of overall experience providing diverse technology services in client-facing roles. Recent Master’s in Cybersecurity Risk Management as well as a JD with a Cybersecurity Law focus. Currently, Kenneth is a data privacy and Cybersecurity Advisory Consultant with Deloitte. He is also knowledgeable on both current technical and legal issues in security.
Date: March 27th, 2019
Recorded webinar: https://youtu.be/fLjVgj6MAPY
This document provides an overview of Bitcoin, including:
- Bitcoin uses a decentralized blockchain and proof-of-work to allow digital currency transactions without a central authority.
- Transactions are recorded on the blockchain, and each transaction includes the hash of the previous transaction to link transactions together in a chain.
- Miners process transactions by finding a proof-of-work for the block and receive new bitcoins as a reward, securing the network through validating transactions.
- Future research areas include improving anonymity, security of wallets from theft, and mitigating attacks like Sybil and denial of service.
Block Chain & Beyond is a presentation that defines key terms related to blockchain and digital currencies. It discusses problems with traditional online payment protocols like SWIFT, including high fees and slow settlement times. It then introduces blockchain and Bitcoin, explaining how the blockchain solves issues of double spending through cryptography, hash functions, and a consensus protocol where miners are incentivized to confirm accurate transaction records. It also briefly describes another consensus protocol called Ripple that enables real-time foreign exchange transactions through a distributed ledger approach.
Where we explain how the concept of a crypto currency can lead to the creation of a new kind of autonomous corporation. This one part of a three part slide deck. For the full deck and the context please visit http://bit.ly/pm-bbc
Bitcoin is a digital currency that uses cryptography and a decentralized peer-to-peer network to facilitate secure transactions between users. Transactions are recorded on a public blockchain ledger that is verified by miners who solve complex computational puzzles. When Alice wants to send bitcoin to Bob, she broadcasts an encrypted transaction to the network using her private key, and Bob can then verify the transaction using Alice's public key. Miners work to validate transactions by solving proof-of-work puzzles and adding verified transactions to the blockchain, receiving bitcoin as a reward. This process prevents double spending and allows for decentralized verification of ownership without a central authority.
Bitcoin : A fierce Decentralized internet currencyShivek Khurana
- Bitcoin is a decentralized cryptocurrency that uses blockchain technology to enable peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries like banks. It was created in 2008 by the anonymous person or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto.
- The Bitcoin protocol uses digital signatures, hashing, and a proof-of-work system where miners validate transactions and are rewarded with new bitcoins. Transactions are grouped into blocks that are added to the blockchain in a decentralized manner.
- Bitcoin allows for low-cost or free global transactions, with no banks or transaction limits, providing an alternative payment method outside the traditional banking system. However, understanding the technical details of the Bitcoin protocol requires knowledge of cryptography, digital architecture, and other technical fields
Blockchain Interview Questions And Answers | Blockchain Technology Interview ...Simplilearn
The document provides information to differentiate between Blockchain and Hyperledger:
- Blockchain is a decentralized technology that records immutable transaction records in blocks secured by cryptography. It can be public, private, or consortium. Hyperledger is a platform that allows building private blockchains where access is limited.
The document provides an overview of blockchain technology, including its key components and how it works. In 3 sentences:
Blockchain is a distributed ledger of transactions stored in encrypted blocks that are chained together, with each new block recording transactions and a hash of the previous block. The blockchain is maintained through a consensus mechanism where participants validate transactions and add new blocks to the chain in a decentralized manner. The document discusses the technical aspects of blockchain like transactions, blocks, consensus algorithms, mining and validation, as well as its applications across different industries.
Boolberry improves on existing CryptoNote coins by calculating transaction IDs using only the transaction prefix, excluding ring signatures. This allows ring signatures to be cut off from old transactions, reducing block chain bloat by 55-90% compared to ordinary CryptoNote coins while still proving transactions belong to blocks. Boolberry is designed to be more efficient and provide a more compact, faster synchronizing block chain for a better user experience.
201811 Bitcoin, Blockchain and the Technology behind CryptocurrenciesPaperchain
Half Moon Seminer presentation for CLE credits.
Goes through the technologies that underly blockchain systems, smart contracts, tokens and their applications across a number of industry verticals.
This document provides an introduction to blockchain technology, including how it works, potential applications, advantages and disadvantages. It begins with an overview of blockchain and bitcoin, explaining how transactions are verified and added to the distributed ledger. Examples of uses for banking, insurance, supply chain and more are described. Advantages like security, transparency and efficiency are contrasted with challenges involving scalability, governance and commercialization. Privacy and risk concerns are also addressed.
Coin Center at EU Science and Technology Options Assessment Meeting Jan 25, 2015CoinCenter
Coin Center Director of Research, Peter Van Valkenburgh, discusses Bitcoin at the EU Parliament Science and Technology Options Assessment Meeting Jan 25, 2015
The main things you need to know about blockchain:
+ What Is A Blockchain. Theory
+ Ordering Facts
+ Blocks
+ Mining
+ Money and Cryptocurrencies
+ Contracts
This document discusses building a blockchain network without a central authority by using cryptographic techniques like public-private key pairs, digital signatures, and proof-of-work. It explains how transactions between parties can be recorded in a distributed ledger through digitally signing transaction receipts with private keys. It then discusses how proof-of-work can be used to establish consensus on the valid transaction history and prevent double spending by making it computationally costly to vote or generate transactions on the network.
The document proposes a peer-to-peer electronic cash system called Bitcoin that uses cryptographic proof instead of a trusted third party to allow any two willing parties to transact directly. It addresses the double-spending problem through a peer-to-peer network that timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of proof-of-work blocks. As long as the majority of computing power on the network is controlled by honest nodes, they will generate the longest chain and outpace attackers. The network itself requires minimal structure and nodes can join and leave freely.
Symposium on Legal Regulation of Bitcoin, Blockchain & Cryptocurrencies anupriti
Symposium on Legal Regulation of Bitcoin, Blockchain & Cryptocurrencies was held at G D Goenka University, Sohna Road,Gurgaon on 22nd Feb 2018.Sharing here the presentation I gave for info.Readers may contact me for any clarifications on the subject content please.
Blockchain is a decentralized ledger or list of all transactions across a peer-to-peer network. It underlies technologies like Bitcoin and has potential to disrupt many business processes. No single user controls the blockchain, transactions are broadcast to the network and validated through consensus. The author of the blockchain concept is unknown, thought to use the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchains use techniques like proof-of-work to serialize changes and achieve distributed consensus to maintain integrity without centralized authority.
Picture slide show - jan ur council mtgGabriel Boyd
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of exercise on memory and thinking abilities in older adults. The study found that regular exercise can help reduce the decline in thinking abilities that often occurs with age. Specifically, aerobic exercise was shown to improve scores on memory and thinking tests in sedentary older adults who exercised for 6 months.
This study comparatively analyzed risk management policies and practices of Spartan Race and The Wolf Run, two extreme obstacle race companies. The researcher created an instrument to gather information on training resources provided, risk waivers, medical assistance, and course maintenance. Both companies hold various races throughout the year featuring natural and man-made obstacles over long distances. Spartan Race offers three main levels of races across North America while The Wolf Run hosts four seasonal races in the UK. The purpose was to evaluate how these companies minimize physical risk and prepare for potential injuries.
The document discusses a study on Support Facilitators (SFs), a new role created by Australia's Partners in Recovery (PIR) program to improve coordination of mental healthcare. SFs work to connect clients experiencing severe mental illness to services by developing care plans, establishing partnerships between organizations, and educating providers about PIR. The study finds that SFs are building the role through trial and error by developing connections and knowledge-sharing networks. However, their work is limited by poor communication and instability from changing government policies.
The 2015 Discover Tesoro Intern Experience document describes an internship program. The program offers internships in various departments including engineering, environmental health and safety, refining, supply and trading. Interns gain hands-on experience and have opportunities to network with Tesoro employees through social events and mentorship programs.
El documento clasifica los tipos de documentos en varias categorías. Identifica documentos visuales como gráficos, con imágenes y audiovisuales. También menciona documentos sonoros y táctiles. Explica que los documentos se pueden clasificar por su objetivo en descriptivos, científicos o argumentativos, o por su estructura en documentos sin estructura, con estructura o con ilustraciones.
This document summarizes a study that used qualitative methods to investigate how knowledge functioned in the implementation of an Australian mental health policy called Partners in Recovery (PIR). The study found that the policy aimed to address coordination problems in the fragmented mental health system and the needs of those with complex mental health issues. It did so through establishing support facilitator roles to coordinate services at a local level. The analysis revealed that while the policy aimed for coordination through these roles, implementation in reality relied on embodied knowledge as facilitators enacted the policy based on their experiences. Challenges arose from how knowledge became localized within individuals and how some types of knowledge were structurally valued over others.
Martin Garrix es un exitoso DJ y productor neerlandés conocido por éxitos como "Animals". Aprendió a tocar la guitarra a los 8 años y se interesó en la música electrónica después de ver a Tiësto en los Juegos Olímpicos de 2004. Lanzó su primer sencillo en 2012 y alcanzó la fama internacional en 2013 con "Animals". Desde entonces, ha experimentado con nuevos estilos como la house progresiva y lanzado exitosas colaboraciones con artistas como Usher y Ed Sheeran. En 2016, Gar
Este poema expresa el amor del autor por otra persona a través de la metáfora de escribir un poema en el alma de la persona amada. El autor describe cómo tallará cada letra con la pasión y la lujuria de la persona amada, y cómo juntará las palabras con su pasión para rimar su belleza y alcanzar el éxtasis de su amor. El poema concluye expresando que amar a esta persona es conocerla, recorrer su ser, saborearla y admirarla, soñarla y pensarla, y que amarla es morir
Las 3 oraciones son:
1. La fotosíntesis ocurre en los cloroplastos de las plantas, donde la luz solar es absorbida por pigmentos como la clorofila y convertida en energía química a través de dos fases, la fase luminosa y la fase oscura.
2. En la fase luminosa, la energía de la luz se utiliza para producir ATP y NADPH a través de los fotosistemas I y II y la cadena de transporte de electrones, mientras que en la fase oscura el ATP y NADPH se util
Panduan penentuan makanan halal menurut pandangan ulamaabdul hadi hadi
Dokumen ini membahas tentang panduan penentuan makanan halal menurut pandangan ulama dan kesannya terhadap industri kecil dan menengah Muslim di Malaysia. Dokumen menjelaskan definisi makanan dan makanan halal, serta prinsip-prinsip yang digunakan ulama untuk menentukan apakah suatu makanan halal atau haram berdasarkan al-Quran dan hadis. Dokumen ini bertujuan untuk memberikan panduan tentang hukum makanan halal dan haram di Malaysia.
Bitcoin has some promising technical aspects but faces significant scalability issues that threaten its core properties over time. While it currently works as a decentralized system, the need to process vast amounts of data means nodes will consolidate into "supernodes" that effectively function like centralized banks. This transition would compromise Bitcoin's anonymity and censorship-resistance as identities become linked and certain transactions could be blocked. Overall Bitcoin shows innovation but may not retain its present security model if it aims to seriously compete with mainstream payment networks in transaction volume.
La fotosíntesis es el proceso mediante el cual las plantas y otros organismos fotosintéticos convierten la energía luminosa en energía química almacenada en moléculas orgánicas como la glucosa. Este proceso ocurre en los cloroplastos de las células vegetales, donde la clorofila captura la luz solar y la energía se utiliza para convertir el dióxido de carbono y el agua en azúcares y oxígeno molecular. La fotosíntesis consta de dos etapas principales: la etapa cl
La fotosíntesis es el proceso mediante el cual las plantas y otros organismos convierten la energía luminosa en energía química almacenada en moléculas orgánicas como la glucosa. Este proceso ocurre en los cloroplastos de las células vegetales, donde la clorofila captura la luz solar y la energía se utiliza para convertir el dióxido de carbono y el agua en azúcares y oxígeno molecular. La fotosíntesis consta de dos etapas principales: la etapa clara, donde la energía
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing, including essay structure, thesis statements, introductions and conclusions, paragraphs, and research. Some key points include:
- Academic essays should develop a central thesis through reasoning and evidence. They should have an argument and answer a question.
- Paragraphs should each focus on one main idea or point, expressed in a topic sentence. They should be adequately supported with details.
- Outlines are an important part of writing and planning an essay. They help ensure a logical flow of ideas and thorough coverage of the topic.
- Introductions should provide context and indicate the essay's focus. Conclusions should provide a sense of closure while connecting back to
The document provides an overview of Bitcoin, including its history, key concepts, and technical aspects. It discusses how Bitcoin works as a decentralized digital currency using blockchain technology. Some key points covered include how Bitcoin is sent through peer-to-peer transactions, the role of miners in verifying transactions and creating new blocks, and how wallets are used to store public/private keys and interact with the Bitcoin network.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Bitcoin. It discusses how Bitcoin is like email for money and cash transactions. Key points about Bitcoin include that it has no central ownership, is open source and secure, and uses a blockchain to serve as a distributed public ledger. The blockchain allows for the allocation of scarce digital resources. Bitcoin is needed because cash doesn't work online and current systems require too much trust. Adoption of Bitcoin will lead to innovation without permission and some countries being forced to embrace its use.
The document provides an introduction to Bitcoin, explaining what it is and how it works. Some key points:
- Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that uses cryptography to secure transactions. It is not tied to any central authority.
- Transactions are recorded on a public ledger called the blockchain. Bitcoin ownership is determined by private keys, not identities.
- New bitcoins are created through mining, where computers validate transactions by solving complex math problems. Miners are rewarded with new bitcoins.
- Over time, the supply of new bitcoins will approach 21 million as rewards for mining decrease and eventually end. Transaction fees will incentivize mining.
- Bitcoin can be exchanged for goods and services, though its legal status
This document discusses how the world and education have changed due to digital technologies. It notes that today's students live in a world different from school life, with constant connectivity and access to information. Literacy must now encompass digital skills like creating, sharing, and evaluating online content. Educators are encouraged to rethink learning by focusing on developing lifelong learning skills and digital fluencies in students rather than on specific technologies. The document stresses that embracing change through reflection and sharing is key to thriving in this new digital age.
Bitcoin allows users to send money over the internet similarly to how email allows users to send messages. It functions as an alternative currency that can be used for online shopping and international transfers more cheaply than wire services. Bitcoin transactions are difficult to block and provide inflation protection by allowing users to hold their own money through desktop and mobile wallets.
Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain.
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system and the first truly decentralized network for sending and receiving value over the Internet. This presentation gets into the details of the technology and answers common questions related to the bitcoin, how it works.
Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger that records transactions across a peer-to-peer network in a way that is immutable, transparent, and secure. It allows transactions to be recorded without a central authority by distributing the ledger across the entire network. Each transaction is grouped into blocks that are cryptographically linked together in a chain. The decentralized nature of blockchain makes it difficult to hack or corrupt the ledger. While blockchain first emerged with Bitcoin, the technology can be applied beyond cryptocurrencies to provide trust and transparency to other types of transactions.
Report on Bitcoin- The cryptocurrency (November 2017)AJSH & Co LLP
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that can be sent from user to user on a peer-to-peer network without an intermediary. It is not backed by any government or central bank. The document discusses how Bitcoin works through mining and validating transactions on a distributed public ledger called the blockchain. While it provides benefits like anonymity, low fees and freedom from central authorities, it also has risks like volatility in value, loss of wallet access, and lack of widespread acceptance.
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that can be sent from user to user on a peer-to-peer network without an intermediary. It is not backed by any government or central bank. The document discusses how Bitcoin works through mining and validating transactions on a distributed public ledger called the blockchain. While it provides benefits like anonymity, low fees and freedom from central control, it also has risks like volatility in value, loss of wallet access, and lack of widespread acceptance and security issues.
Confused by some of the terms used on CoinDesk? Here you will find a complete bitcoin 101 that will help you to understand digital currency by explaining commonly used terms and their meanings.
Bits, Blocks, and Chains: A Concise Examination of Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency...Richard Givens
Bitcoin is a digital currency created through cryptography and advanced mathematics. It is recorded through a blockchain, which is a distributed digital ledger of transactions grouped into blocks. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, linking all transactions in a chain. Bitcoin is "mined" through solving computationally difficult puzzles to validate transactions and create new blocks. This process secures the blockchain from manipulation.
Presentation I gave at BRIGHTTALK webinar in the BLOCKCHAIN SUMMIT on 10th Oct 2017.Covers technical overview of the concept and take off essentials for Bitcoin crime investigators.Details at https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/1570/272431/bitcoin-forensics
Short presentation about bitcoin in particular and crypto currencies in general.
Its mainly a description of whats money and what is bitcoin
why bitcoin will dominate
Bitcoin is the world's first cryptocurrency, a form of electronic cash. It is the first decentralized digital currency: the system was designed to work without a central bank or single administrator.
14 Jan17- Nullmeets -Blockchain concept decoded by Ninad SarangNinad Sarang
Blockchain is a distributed public ledger that records all Bitcoin transactions in a permanent, verifiable way. It uses cryptography to ensure the integrity and security of each transaction. New transactions are grouped into blocks and added to the blockchain through a process called mining, where miners compete to solve complex math problems. In return for securing the network, miners are rewarded with new Bitcoins. This decentralized system allows for peer-to-peer transactions without an intermediary.
Everything you ever needed to know about the bitcoin system all explained in baby language, from how it works to how to get started with creating an account, funding an account setting up mining, creating a secure wallet, e.t.c
The document discusses blockchain technology. It defines blockchain as a distributed database or ledger that stores information across a network of computers. It explains how blockchain works by structuring data into time-stamped blocks that are linked together in a chain. It then covers key aspects of blockchain like decentralization, transparency, security, and applications such as cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and supply chain management. The benefits are highlighted as improved accuracy, lower costs, decentralization, and efficient transactions.
- Cryptocurrency is digital currency that uses cryptography to secure transactions and control the creation of new units. Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency, created in 2008 by an unknown person under the name Satoshi Nakamoto.
- Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to achieve a decentralized consensus on transactions without a central authority. Miners verify transactions and are rewarded with new bitcoins for solving complex math problems. This process, called proof-of-work, secures the network against fraud.
- While Bitcoin has no intrinsic value, its price has risen dramatically since inception due to speculation. However, Bitcoin remains highly volatile and its long-term value is uncertain since it is not backed by any government or central bank.
The Blockchain - The Technology behind Bitcoin Jérôme Kehrli
The blockchain and blockchain related topics are becoming increasingly discussed and studied nowadays. There is not one single day where I don't hear about it, that being on linkedin or elsewhere.
I interested myself deeply in the blockchain topic recently and this is the first article of a coming whole serie around the blockchain.
This presentation is an introduction to the blockchain, presents what it is in the light of its initial deployment in the Bitcoin project as well as all technical details and architecture concerns behind it.
We won't focus here on business applications aside from what is required to present the blockchain purpose, more concrete business applications and evolutions will be the topic of another presentation I'll post in a few weeks
Blockchain 101 provides an overview of blockchain technology. It discusses the two main types of blockchains - public and private. Key events that drove blockchain interest include the 2008 Bitcoin whitepaper and Ethereum's launch in 2015. The technical underpinnings of blockchain, including hashing, Merkle trees, and proof of work are explained. Examples are given of how blockchain is being used or explored in areas like land registry, identity, shipping, and healthcare. The document recommends resources for learning more about blockchain and names several smart experts to follow.
Blockchain technology provides a peer-to-peer transaction system without a central intermediary by using a distributed ledger called a blockchain. The document discusses how traditional transactions rely on centralized parties like banks and payment processors to facilitate transactions and provide trust, whereas blockchain transactions use cryptographic techniques and distributed consensus to validate transactions without intermediaries. The blockchain grows over time as new blocks of transactions are added through a decentralized mining process, linking each new block to previous ones in an immutable chain. This allows for fast, global, low-cost transactions without centralized control.
Blockchain overview, use cases, implementations and challengesSébastien Tandel
Most know about Bitcoin, the well-known crypto-currency. Less know the details about the underlying and enabling technology, Blockchain.
Hopefully, this presentation provides enough insights to understand blockchain concepts and why it's perceived to potentially disrupt many market segments, from retail to governments, from finance to health care. At last, I hope to brush fairly the many challenges of this rather new technology.
2. Bitcoin and The Blockchain will be game changers
in the financial sector.
The purpose of this presentation is to explain some
of the technical aspects in a way that is rigorous
enough to give confidence in the system and
simple enough to find the widest audience.
This is not a description of how most interact with
Bitcoin. Rather it is an explanation of its
fundamentals.
4. Bitcoin is a currency that operates entirely digitally.
Instead of physical tokens, its value is held as
balances associated with addresses.
Transactions, balances, and addresses are recorded
on a publicly distributed, append-only ledger
known as the “Blockchain”.
5. The Blockchain is a ledger recording
accounts and their associated balances. A
copy of this ledger can be viewed by
anyone on the Bitcoin network.
The balances on the ledger don’t
represent anything in the real world. They
only have value because people are willing
to trade real goods or services for a higher
balance in their account, and we have
faith that they will continue to do so. In
this regard bitcoin is a fiat currency like
the US dollar.
6. To send money, a participant broadcasts
a message to the network that their
account should decrease by some
amount and a recipients account should
increase by the same amount.
Special nodes that maintain the ledger
and secure the network (aka miners)
verify and apply that transaction to their
copy of the ledger before forwarding the
message to other miners so they can do
the same. Anyone can be a miner.
7. This network communication in addition to some cryptographic security is the
essence of Bitcoin.
It is a system that allows users to keep a shared ledger and agree on its accuracy.
All this is done without the need for a trusted 3rd party (i.e. Bank).
8. It is important to note that the real innovation value of
Bitcoin is this shared ledger system.
The best investment opportunities will come from
companies that find ways to harness this innovation.
An understanding of the system is imperative for those who
wish to distinguish between good and bad implementations.
9. When Alice wants to send Bob 5 BTC, she broadcasts a message that her
account should decrease by 5 and Bobs increase by the same amount.
But…
How do the Miners on the network know that the broadcast is authentic
and comes from the current owner of the coins?
Part 2: Details
10. The verification miners perform on the network is based on digital
signatures. These depend on two techniques,
Hashing and Asymmetric Cryptography.
11. Hash Functions take a data set
(input) of any size and map it to
data of a fixed size (digest).
Input
SHA-256
20c1892df4e665666558289367ae1682
d1f93bc5be4049627492cdb5a42635e4
HASH Digest
Input
SHA-256
7d38b5cd25a2baf85ad3bb5b9311383e
671a8a142eb302b324d4a5fba8748c69
HASH Digest
The hash function spits out a
“digest” that looks random.
It is impossible to recreate the input
from the digest.
Even if there is a minor difference in
the input (capitalized letter/extra
period) the digest will look
completely different.
The digest is a sort of fingerprint
and is much smaller in size than its
input.
minor
difference
12. Asymmetric Cryptography
is a system that uses pairs of
simultaneously generated
keys:
Public / Verification keys:
that may be disseminated
widely
Private / Signing keys:
which are kept secret by the
owner
Private
Public
Hello
Alice!
Anyone
Hello
Alice!
jcu3474h
r89
Alice
Messages encrypted with one key cannot be
decrypted by the same key. They can only be
decrypted with the other key
Private
15. In reality balances are not kept track of in the
Blockchain. Instead ownership of funds is verified
through reference to past transactions (txn’s).
Thus, for Alice to send 5 BTC to Bob, she must
send a signed message referencing other txn’s
(inputs) in which she has received 5 or more BTC.
Miners will Authenticate the txn message and
verify that Alice was on the receiving end of the
input txn’s, that they add up to more than the
amount she wants to transfer now, and that
these same inputs have not been referenced
before in another txn already on the ledger. What do these messages look like?
16. Transaction Message
VK1---2--->VKAlice
VK2---2--->VKAlice
VK3---2--->VKAlice
SHA-256
SHA-256
SHA-256
D1 (2)
D2 (2)
D3 (2)
VKBob , 5
VKAlice , 1
Inputs Outputs
Previous txn’s to
Alice
(Alice’s funds)
References to
Alice’s funds
Alice’s txn message consists of hashes of previous transactions she has received (inputs) and destination addresses
with amounts for the outputs. In this example Alice receives 1 BTC in change because her reference txn’s totaled 6
BTC. The message also includes a digital signature.
In bitcoin, public/verification keys are
used as addresses.
17. Instead of a list of accounts and balances,
miners keep an up to date record of all the
transactions ever processed on the system.
Owning Bitcoin means that there are
transactions on this ledger that point to an
address (public key) you own (have the
matching private key for) and have not yet
been used as inputs in other transactions
(or spent).
The ledger is made up of linked blocks that
resemble a chain.
18. TXN
TXN TXN
TXN TXN
TXN TXN
TXN
Blockchain
Miners make blocks with sets of txn’s awaiting
confirmation and add them to the chain
19. Hash of prev.
Block
TXN
TXN TXN
TXN
“Nonce”
Hash of prev.
Block
TXN
TXN TXN
TXN
“Nonce”
Each block is linked by a hash to the previous block. This
creates a chain all the way back to the “genesis” block. It
also guarantees the chronological order of the blocks
because a hash cannot exist without the block existing.
Finally, it means no
single part of the
chain can be altered
without invalidating
all subsequent blocks.
20. Hash of prev.
Block
TXN
TXN TXN
TXN
“Nonce”
Hash of prev.
Block
TXN
TXN TXN
TXN
“Nonce”
To add a block to the chain, miners must compute a nonce. This
number, when added to an input in a hash, results in a digest
starting with a certain number of 0’s. The computational difficulty
of guessing and checking random numbers until the right one is
found determines the rate at which blocks are added.
This Proof of Work
mechanism also reduces the
probability of two blocks
being added simultaneously,
producing divergent chains.
21. Proof of Work and the “Nonce”
Input
SHA-256
20c1892df4e665666558289367ae1682
d1f93bc5be4049627492cdb5a42635e4
HASH Digest
Input
SHA-256
000000000000000005a42635e42d1f93
bc5be458289367ae168049627492cdb7
HASH Digest
nonce
Because these hashes are almost random,
the only way to get a digest with a multiple
“0” prefix is to guess random numbers to
add to the end of the input. This is known
as a nonce.
The difficulty of this task can be adjusted by
increasing or decreasing the length of the
desired 0 prefix.
The Bitcoin Blockchain calibrates the
difficulty to keep a block being added to the
chain every 10 minutes on average.
22. If multiple blocks are added simultaneously
(and miners temporarily work on slightly
different versions of the ledger) the true chain
will emerge when the next block is added.
Honest miners are always bound to work on
the longest chain. Txn’s in chains that are
discontinued return to the transaction pool to
be processed into the longer chain.
The longest chain rule
and proof of work
system pit potential
bad actors against the
computing power of
the entire network
An implication of this is that txn’s
are more confirmed the further
back they get in the chain
23. The primary goal of mining is to allow the network to reach a tamper-resistant consensus. However
it is also the process by which new bitcoins are brought into existence.
When a miner finds the right nonce and adds a block to the chain, a transaction is included that
generates a reward paid to the miner. The reward for adding a block to the chain is halved every
210,000 blocks which means the total possible supply of bitcoins is limited.
As that limit approaches, miners will be ever more incentivized by txn fees (to be paid as rewards to
the miner who adds the block) included in txn messages at the discretion of the sender. Senders who
want their txn’s processed fastest will include higher fees.
The protocol disseminates the new coins in a random decentralized way and provides motivation for
the miners who secure the system.
24. All of this adds up to a group of users who need not trust each other agreeing on and
adding to a list of all past transactions.
open to everyone.