The document discusses the history and methods of population control and birth control globally. It covers the origins of the international population control movement in the 1950s led by the US. It then discusses specific approaches taken in India, Africa, China, and low-income countries. In India, breastfeeding is discussed as an effective birth control method. In Africa, having many children is seen as a gift but overpopulation is an issue. China implemented its one-child policy in the late 1970s using fines and forced abortions/sterilization to reduce population growth.