The Birmingham Campaign was a pivotal civil rights movement campaign that took place in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. Led by Martin Luther King Jr. and Fred Shuttlesworth, the campaign used tactics like sit-ins, marches and boycotts to demand desegregation and equal employment. When police responded to protests with dogs and fire hoses, shocking images were broadcast worldwide and support grew rapidly. A negotiated settlement achieved some gains but real change came through the 1964 Civil Rights Act passed in response to the campaign.