The document discusses bioterrorism and various biological agents that can be used including anthrax, smallpox, botulism, plague, Ebola, and coronaviruses. It covers classification of agents based on risk, diseases caused, symptoms, historical uses of bioterrorism, prevention measures, and impacts. Preparedness through education, training, laws, and awareness is key to defending against potential bioterrorist events.

1. MADE BY : 655 SIMRAN ROHRA
656 AANSI SARVALIYA
657 KHUSHI SHAH

2. ▪ INTRODUCTION
▪ CLASSIFICATION
▪ VARIOUS DISEASES CAUSED AS A RESULT OF BIOTERRORISM
▪ HOW TO KNOW , IF THERE IS RELEASE OF BIOLOGICAL
WEAPON ?
▪ PREVENTION MEASURES
▪ IMPACTS
▪ CONCLUSION

3. BIOTERRORISM- The intentional release or threat of release of biological
agents(bacteria, fungi, virus or their toxins) that can sicken or kill people, live stock, or
crops.
Biological agents: Living organisms that reproduce or replicate within their host victims.
▪ Toxic materials or pathogenic substances
▪ Other name – Germ bombs
▪ Found in nature.
▪ These agents spread through the air, water, or food.
▪ Some other methods by which agents are spread are Gas release, poisoned letters,
poisoned bullets, poisoned arrows.
▪ Bioterrorism agents can be chemical, biological or radioactive in nature.

4. ▪ Biological agents are potentially deadlier than chemical agents
▪ Some of the agencies playing important role in Bioterrorism are FEMA(Federal
Emergency Response Agency) and CDC (Centers for disease Control and Prevention)
▪ Mainly CDC has initiated the office for Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response.
▪ FEMA helps only with the vaccines and antimicrobial drugs but in association with HHS
it has critical role in preparing the country to respond a bioterrorist attack.
▪ At global level – WHO ( World Health Organization )
▪ Agency in India- Ministry of health and family welfare.
▪ Agency in Gujarat- Health and family welfare department
▪ Main target - big metropolitan cities, districts having international borders

5. ▪ Highly effective and infective.
▪ Readily grown and produced in large
quantities
▪ Effectively dispersible
▪ High morbidity and mortality
▪ Lack of rapid diagnostic capability
▪ Resistant to treatment
▪ Environmental stability

6. ▪ The CDC has classified these weapons into three categories:
1. Category A
2. Category B
3. Category C
▪ Above classification is based on-
1. The ability of agent to be disseminated
2. The mortality rate of the agent
3. Capability of causing public panic

7. ▪ Pose the highest risk to national security
▪ Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person
▪ May cause public panic
▪ High mortality rate
▪ Require special public health preparedness
Category A includes:
▪ Anthrax
▪ Small pox
▪ Botulinum toxin
▪ Bubonic plague
▪ Tularemia

8. ▪ Pose the second highest risk to national security
▪ Moderately easy to disseminate
▪ Moderate morbidity rates
▪ Low mortality rates
▪ Require enhanced diagnostic capability
Category B includes:
▪ Q fever
▪ Typhus fever
▪ Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
▪ Cholera
▪ Brucellosis

9. ▪ Emerging pathogens that might be engineered for mass dissemination
▪ Ease of production and dissemination
▪ Have potential for high morbidity and mortality rates
▪ Ability to cause a major health impact
Category C includes:
▪ Nipah virus
▪ Hanta virus
▪ Yellow fever
▪ Influenza
▪ SARS

10. VARIOUS DISEASE CAUSED AS A RESULT OF
BIOTERRORISM
•ANTHRAX
•BOTULISM
•BRUCELLOSIS
•CHOLERA
•FOOD POISONING
•GLANDERS
•HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
•LASSA FEVER
•MELIOIDOSIS
•PLAGUE
•EBOLA
•PSITTACOSIS
•Q-FEVER
•SALMONELLOSIS
•SHIGELLOSIS
•SMALLPOX
•TULAREMIA
•TYPHOID FEVER
•TYPHUS
•VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
•COVID-19

11. HISTROY OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
• Below given are the events of the diseases which were caused as a result of
bioterrorism.
• Hence, it has proved that it is not something new.

12. ANTHRAX
• Anthrax is an infection caused by sporulating gram-positive rod (Bacillus
Anthracis)
• Anthrax most commonly occurs in cattle and sheep.
• Usually seems only in people who have contact with infected animals
products such as animal skin.
• Anthrax causes skin, lung, and bowel disease and can be deadly.
• Three types of anthrax are - Cutaneous, Gastrointestinal and Inhalation
anthrax.
• Symptoms:
• Cutaneous – red area on the skin, itching, blisters may form
• Gastrointestinal- vomiting,nausea, loss of appetite followedby stomach pain,
bloody diarrhea, vomiting with blood.
• Inhalation- Flu, fever,sore throat, muscles ache, stomach pain, difficulty in
breathing .

14. SMALL POX
• It was a serious infectious disease caused by the variola virus.
• It was contagious—it spread from one person to another.
• People who had smallpox had a fever and a distinctive,progressive
skin rash.
• Symptoms :
• Headache.
• Fatigue.
• Diarrhea.
• Vomiting
• Fever.
• A specific rash.

16. BOTULISM
• Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced
by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
• The disease begins with weakness, blurred vision, feeling tired, and
trouble speaking.
• Botulism symptoms include:
• Double or blurred vision.
• Drooping eyelids.
• Slurred speech.
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Dry mouth.
• Muscle weakness.

17. PLAQUE
• Plaque is a bacterial infection caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis .
• They are mainly found on rats and flies that feed on them.
• There are three types of plaques bubonic , septicemic , pneumonic , out of which
pneumonic plaques is the most common one.
• It can spread from person to person.
• Plaque symptoms includes :
• Fever
• Headache
• Cough
• Weakness
• Chest pain
• Bloody mucous discharge

19. EBOLA
• Ebola is a severe and fatal disease caused by virus Zaire ebolavirus.
• It spreads from an infected animal to a human and from human to human
through direct contact with patient’s blood and secretions.
• Ebola symptoms includes :
• Fever
• Weakness
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea
• Joint and Muscle aches.

21. Corona Virus
• Covid 19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome
corona virus 2( SARS-Cov- 2).
• This virus is transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and close
contact but there are also chances of transmission between animals and humans.
• Corona viruses mostly affect respiratory system including nose and lungs.
• Different strains are observed in different nation because of different
environment as a cause of mutation. Eg. UK strain , Brazilian strain , African strain
and so on.
• It is highly contagious.
• Symptoms includes-
• Most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, tiredness.
• Less common symptoms are aches in different parts of the body, headache, lost of
smell or taste, conjunctivitis sore throat, diarrhea etc.

23. ▪Multiple people gets ill at the same time.
▪High morbidity and mortality among the
affected individuals.
▪Severe diseases caused in a healthy host.
▪Identification of diseases and pathogens
unusual to a particular region.
▪Due to which its effect remains for a long
period of time.

24. ▪Wear mask ( the correct one ) , in order to protect
yourself from the infection.
▪Do not take antibiotics unnecessarily.
▪Make hygiene a habit.
▪Keep your vaccines up to date.
▪One can also use disinfectants and sanitizers for
protection against the germs.
▪Purification of water and food , should be done as they
can be the sources of infection transmission.

25. ▪ These acts of bioterrorism has intense impacts on the global
economy , thereby leading to money crisis in the market.
▪ This can even lead to shortage in basic livelihood things.
▪ It destroys the propertyof certain sources of natural
vegetation too.
▪ It has not just affected physically , but mentally too.
▪ It leads to epidemic illness , healthcare worker illness ,
environmental contamination , legal issues and cause unease
within the community at large.
▪ Also this leads to immediate increase in demand of health
care facilities.

26. ▪Reports reveal that we are not well prepared to deal
with a bioterrorist attack.
▪The medical community should educate the public and
policy makers about the threat.
▪The public should be made aware of the prevent
measures too.
▪In the longer term , we need to be prepared to detect ,
diagnose and respond appropriately to biological
weapons use and the threat of new reemerging
infections.
▪But on the other side , government has played a huge
role in decreasing the effect of bioterrorism.

27. ▪As a result , education and training of the healthcare providers ,
especially emergency physicians are the mainstay of the battle
against bioterrorism.
▪Preparedness appears to be the most potent defense against
possible bioterrorist events.
▪Many laws has been made to bring this into control.
▪Awareness and preparedness to biological warfare agents must
be accepted as a part of national biodefense policy.
▪There has been always many controversies going on the
release of biological weapon.( Nowadays COVID-19).
▪Hence, it has caused my lives to suffer and humanity too.