Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) bioresouroce center (BRC) seminor slide by Yukinori Okada on Dec 10, 2013.
http://plaza.umin.ac.jp/~yokada/
http://plaza.umin.ac.jp/~yokada/datasource/software.htm
Omics related approaches for higher productivity and improved quality.pptxAnirudhTV
The document discusses using omics approaches to improve crop productivity and quality. It covers various omics fields including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics. Examples are provided on applying these approaches in crops like rice, tomato, groundnut, and brassica to traits such as drought tolerance, nutrient enrichment, and reduced anti-nutrients. A case study on analyzing protein abundance changes in wheat cultivars under drought stress using proteomics is also mentioned.
This document discusses the use of various "omics" technologies in crop breeding, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and ionomics. It provides examples of each type of omics analysis in crop plants like potato and wheat. Integrating multi-omics datasets can provide a powerful tool for crop improvement by identifying genes and networks controlling important traits. However, future work is still needed to reduce costs and develop bioinformatic tools to fully leverage omics technologies in breeding programs.
Genomics refers to the study of the entire genome of an organism. It deals with mapping genes on chromosomes and sequencing entire genomes. While work on genomics began with prokaryotes like bacteria, research has now been conducted on crop plants like rice and Arabidopsis thaliana. Genomics is an interdisciplinary field that uses tools from molecular biology, robotics, and computing to study genomes. It provides information on genome size, gene number, gene function, and evolution. Genomics has applications in crop improvement through gene mapping, marker-assisted selection, and transgenic breeding. However, genomic research also faces limitations due to high costs, technical challenges, and complexity of traits.
This document discusses allele mining as an advanced technique for crop improvement. It begins by defining allele mining as searching for different alleles located at the same locus. It then outlines several key steps and techniques for allele mining, including Eco-TILLING based allele mining, sequencing based allele mining, and association mapping based allele mining. The document provides details on each technique, including requirements, procedures, advantages, and examples of crops studied. It emphasizes that allele mining is important for unlocking genetic variation stored in germplasm collections in order to develop crops with improved traits.
This document summarizes Shivendra Kumar's class presentation on SNP genotyping using KASP. It introduces SNP genotyping and the KASP platform. It describes using KASP to genotype a wheat mapping population derived from a cross between an introgression line containing stripe rust resistance genes and a susceptible cultivar. KASP markers were developed and used to map the resistance genes. One candidate resistance gene was identified and further analyzed through expression studies and development of a linked KASP marker. Recombinants were identified and confirmed through additional KASP genotyping.
Omics related approaches for higher productivity and improved quality.pptxAnirudhTV
The document discusses using omics approaches to improve crop productivity and quality. It covers various omics fields including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics. Examples are provided on applying these approaches in crops like rice, tomato, groundnut, and brassica to traits such as drought tolerance, nutrient enrichment, and reduced anti-nutrients. A case study on analyzing protein abundance changes in wheat cultivars under drought stress using proteomics is also mentioned.
This document discusses the use of various "omics" technologies in crop breeding, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and ionomics. It provides examples of each type of omics analysis in crop plants like potato and wheat. Integrating multi-omics datasets can provide a powerful tool for crop improvement by identifying genes and networks controlling important traits. However, future work is still needed to reduce costs and develop bioinformatic tools to fully leverage omics technologies in breeding programs.
Genomics refers to the study of the entire genome of an organism. It deals with mapping genes on chromosomes and sequencing entire genomes. While work on genomics began with prokaryotes like bacteria, research has now been conducted on crop plants like rice and Arabidopsis thaliana. Genomics is an interdisciplinary field that uses tools from molecular biology, robotics, and computing to study genomes. It provides information on genome size, gene number, gene function, and evolution. Genomics has applications in crop improvement through gene mapping, marker-assisted selection, and transgenic breeding. However, genomic research also faces limitations due to high costs, technical challenges, and complexity of traits.
This document discusses allele mining as an advanced technique for crop improvement. It begins by defining allele mining as searching for different alleles located at the same locus. It then outlines several key steps and techniques for allele mining, including Eco-TILLING based allele mining, sequencing based allele mining, and association mapping based allele mining. The document provides details on each technique, including requirements, procedures, advantages, and examples of crops studied. It emphasizes that allele mining is important for unlocking genetic variation stored in germplasm collections in order to develop crops with improved traits.
This document summarizes Shivendra Kumar's class presentation on SNP genotyping using KASP. It introduces SNP genotyping and the KASP platform. It describes using KASP to genotype a wheat mapping population derived from a cross between an introgression line containing stripe rust resistance genes and a susceptible cultivar. KASP markers were developed and used to map the resistance genes. One candidate resistance gene was identified and further analyzed through expression studies and development of a linked KASP marker. Recombinants were identified and confirmed through additional KASP genotyping.
Role of Marker Assisted Selection in Plant Resistance RandeepChoudhary2
Topic Role of Marker Assisted Selection in Plant Resistance is described in detail including some case studies.
Types of markers used in genetic engineering and biotechnology are described in detail.
Marker assisted selection is a process whereby a marker (morphological, biochemical or one
based on DNA/RNA variation) is used for indirect selection of a genetic determinant of a trait
of interest. Since the first reported linkage of an agronomically important trait (a quantitative
trait locus affecting seed weight) to a simply controlled gene (seed colour) in common bean by
Sax (1923), it has taken more than 60 years for genetic markers to become a qualified tool for
plant breeding programs. In rice, the Xieyou 218 hybrid was the first to be developed through
MAS to select individuals carrying a bacterial blight-resistant gene. Marker-assisted selection
(MAS) can be applied at the seedling stage, with high precision and reductions in cost. Genetic
mapping of major genes and quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for agricultural traits is increasing
the integration of biotechnology with the conventional breeding process. Traits related to
disease resistance to pathogens and to the quality of some crop products are offering some
important examples of a possible routinary application of MAS. For more complex traits, like
yield and abiotic stress tolerance, a number of constraints have severe limitations on an efficient
utilization of MAS in plant breeding. However, the economic and biological constraints such
as a low return of investment in small-grain cereal breeding, lack of diagnostic markers, and
the prevalence of QTL-background effects hinder the broad implementation of MAS but over
the past 2 decades, a number of R-genes conferring resistance to a diverse range of pathogens
have been mapped in many crops using molecular markers.
MICROSATELITE Markers for LIVESTOCK Genetic DIVERSITY ANALYSESKaran Veer Singh
This document discusses the use of microsatellite markers for analyzing genetic diversity in livestock. It begins by providing background on livestock diversity and the threats to many breeds. It then describes microsatellites and how they are useful genetic markers for studies of diversity and relatedness. The document gives examples of how microsatellite data can be collected and analyzed to assess diversity within and among populations/breeds. It discusses applications such as conservation prioritization, phylogenetics, and management of genetic resources.
Genome to pangenome : A doorway into crops genome explorationKiranKm11
This seminar underpins the significance and need of formulating pan-genome oriented crop improvement strategies over single reference genome based studies. Pangenome graphs uncovers large repository of genetic variation which could we useful for planning and executing strategic crop improvement programmed
This document discusses Arabidopsis thaliana and its use in molecular biology research. Some key points:
- A. thaliana is well-suited for genetic research due to its small size, short life cycle, and large seed production. It was the first plant genome sequenced.
- Its genome of about 135 Mbp is among the smallest for higher plants. It contains 5 chromosomes useful for genetic mapping and sequencing.
- The document discusses forward and reverse genetics techniques used to study gene function in A. thaliana such as mutagenesis, screening mutants, positional cloning, and RNA interference. It provides examples of how these approaches have furthered understanding of plant genes and processes.
Genomic aided selection for crop improvementtanvic2
This document summarizes a case study on the draft genome sequence of chickpea. Key points include:
- Researchers sequenced and assembled the ~738Mb genome of a kabuli chickpea variety, identifying an estimated 28,269 genes.
- The genome provides resources for molecular breeding through identification of candidate genes for traits like disease resistance.
- Resequencing of elite varieties provided insights into genome diversity and domestication.
- Analysis found the draft captured over 90% of the gene space through mapping of transcriptome data, and contained homologs for over 98% of core eukaryotic genes.
Role of Pangenomics for crop ImprovementPatelSupriya
It describes about the role of pangenomics in the crop improvement.It includes pangenome,superpangenome,databases,tools used in pangenomics,utilisation in crop improvement
Comparative genomics involves analyzing and comparing genetic material from different species to study evolution, gene function, and disease. It exploits both similarities and differences in genomes to infer how natural selection has acted on genes and regulatory elements. Sequence conservation indicates functional importance, while divergence suggests positive selection. Comparative genomics is useful for gene prediction, finding regulatory regions, and interaction mapping.
Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are the three core omics technologies, which respectively deal with the analysis of genome, proteome and metabolome of cells and tissues of an organism.
Challenges and opportunities in personal omics profilingSenthil Natesan
The term ‘‘omic’’ is derived from the Latin suffix ‘‘ome’’ meaning mass or many. Thus, OMICS involve a mass (large number) of measurements per endpoint. (Jackson et al., 2006)
The functional state of a cell can be explained by the integrated set of different OMICS data, called molecular signature or biomarker.The same fact can be exploited to find out difference between diseased and normal.
For diagnosis of a diseases in future, personal OMICS profiling (POP) is indispensible.
The POP further confer advantage to produce personal drugs, based on POP.
The document describes the development of a QTL map for Egyptian durum wheat using an F2 mapping population derived from a cross between two parental varieties, Baniswif-1 and Souhag-2. A variety of DNA markers including SSRs, RAPDs, AFLPs, ESTs and SCoTs were used to genotype the mapping population. Traits related to yield and drought tolerance such as root length, plant height, spike characteristics, and biomass were measured. Linkage analysis was performed to construct a genetic linkage map, which was then used to detect QTLs associated with the traits of interest.
Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Disease Resistance in RiceIndrapratap1
Why marker assisted gene pyramiding?
For traits that are simply inherited, but that are difficult or expensive to measure phenotypically, and/or that do not have a consistent phenotypic expression under specific selection conditions, marker-based selection is more effective than phenotypic selection.
Traits which are traditionally regarded as quantitative and not targeted by gene pyramiding program can be improved using gene pyramiding if major genes affecting the traits are identified.
Genes with very similar phenotypic effects, which are impossible or difficult to combine in single genotype using phenotypic selection, can be pyramided through marker assisted selection.
Markers provides a more effective option to control linkage drag and make the use of genes contained in unadapted resources easier.
Pyramiding is possible through conventional breeding but is extremely difficult or impossible at early generations..
DNA markers may facilitate selection because DNA marker assays are non destructive and markers for multiple specific genes/QTLs can be tested using a single DNA sample without phenotyping.
CONCLUSION:
• Molecular marker offer great scope for improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding.
• Gene pyramiding may not be the most suitable strategy when many QTL with small effects control the trait and other methods such as marker-assisted recurrent selection should be considered.
• With MAS based gene pyramiding, it is now possible for breeder to conduct many rounds of selections in a year.
• Gene pyramiding with marker technology can integrate into existing plant breeding program all over the world to allow researchers to access, transfer and combine genes at a rate and with precision not previously possible.
• This will help breeders get around problems related to larger breeding populations, replications in diverse environments, and speed up the development of advance lines.
For further queries please contact at isag2010@gmail.com
Chloroplasts contain their own DNA and are the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplast transformation involves delivering a vector with the gene of interest and a selectable marker flanked by chloroplast DNA sequences for homologous recombination. The vector is delivered using biolistics or PEG-mediated transformation. Transformed cells are selected using antibiotic resistance and regenerated into plants. Chloroplast transformation allows high-level expression of transgenes due to high copy number and avoids gene silencing.
This document discusses various methods for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, including their principles, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes SNP genotyping techniques like RFLP-PCR, TaqMan assays, microarrays, Sanger sequencing, SNaPshot, and next-generation sequencing. The key aspects are accuracy, throughput, cost, and ability to detect both known and unknown SNPs. The document emphasizes choosing methods based on required information extraction and cost effectiveness.
explains about access to AnGR to benefits should be shared among users and providers and different national and international protocols governing them.
Marker assisted selection is the breeding strategy in which selection for a gene is based on molecular markers closely linked to the gene of interest rather than the gene itself, and the markers are used to monitor the incorporation of the desirable allele from the donor source. Selection of a genotype carrying desirable gene via linked marker (s) is called Marker Assisted Selection. MAS can be applied to possible to use this kind of information.
The prerequisites for the classical procedure of MAS are the tight linkage between molecular marker and gene of interest and high heritability of the gene of interest. It is noteworthy that the “quality” and the number of markers have a major impact on the success of MAS. The quality of markers relates to their characteristics and to the cost and the efficiency of the genotyping process. The number of markers affects the reliability of the linkage between them and the gene(s). In other words, screening a large number of markers has the potential to identify close and reliable linkage between the marker and the gene of interest. MAS has greater potential for efficient gene pyramiding combining several important genes in one cultivar. MAS is gaining considerable importance as it can improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest and acceleration of the recovery of the recurrent parent genome. Marker-assisted selection is gaining considerable importance as it would improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest (foreground selection) and accelerating the recovery of the recurrent parent genome (background selection). The use of MAS in crop improvement will not only reduce the cost of developing new varieties but will also increase the precision and efficiency of selection in the breeding program as well as lessen the number of years required to come up with a new crop variety.
Genetic markers can be used to track genes and chromosomes during genetic analysis. There are four main types of genetic markers: morphological, biochemical, cytological, and DNA markers. DNA markers are now widely used as they are not influenced by the environment and show high levels of polymorphism. Common types of DNA markers include restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), microsatellites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). DNA markers have advantages such as being easy to detect, exhibiting simple inheritance patterns, and showing minimal environmental influences. They have become powerful tools for applications like genetic mapping, diversity analysis, and gene tagging.
This lecture covers some nice stories about the origins of the words "genome" and the derived word "genomics". the lecture also introduces viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic genomes.
Within the last twenty years, molecular biology has revolutionized conventional breeding techniques in all areas. Biochemical and Molecular techniques have shortened the duration of breeding programs from years to months, weeks, or eliminated the need for them all together. The use of molecular markers in conventional breeding techniques has also improved the accuracy of crosses and allowed breeders to produce strains with combined traits that were impossible before the advent of DNA technology
This document discusses the AB QTL mapping strategy and its applications in various crops. AB QTL mapping involves introgressing genomic regions from unadapted germplasm into elite varieties while performing QTL analysis in advanced backcross generations. The document summarizes AB QTL studies in tomato, rice, maize, and their findings. It notes the advantages of AB QTL over conventional QTL mapping, such as reduced linkage drag and ability to rapidly develop candidate varieties. The document also outlines some limitations of the AB QTL approach.
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Role of Marker Assisted Selection in Plant Resistance RandeepChoudhary2
Topic Role of Marker Assisted Selection in Plant Resistance is described in detail including some case studies.
Types of markers used in genetic engineering and biotechnology are described in detail.
Marker assisted selection is a process whereby a marker (morphological, biochemical or one
based on DNA/RNA variation) is used for indirect selection of a genetic determinant of a trait
of interest. Since the first reported linkage of an agronomically important trait (a quantitative
trait locus affecting seed weight) to a simply controlled gene (seed colour) in common bean by
Sax (1923), it has taken more than 60 years for genetic markers to become a qualified tool for
plant breeding programs. In rice, the Xieyou 218 hybrid was the first to be developed through
MAS to select individuals carrying a bacterial blight-resistant gene. Marker-assisted selection
(MAS) can be applied at the seedling stage, with high precision and reductions in cost. Genetic
mapping of major genes and quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for agricultural traits is increasing
the integration of biotechnology with the conventional breeding process. Traits related to
disease resistance to pathogens and to the quality of some crop products are offering some
important examples of a possible routinary application of MAS. For more complex traits, like
yield and abiotic stress tolerance, a number of constraints have severe limitations on an efficient
utilization of MAS in plant breeding. However, the economic and biological constraints such
as a low return of investment in small-grain cereal breeding, lack of diagnostic markers, and
the prevalence of QTL-background effects hinder the broad implementation of MAS but over
the past 2 decades, a number of R-genes conferring resistance to a diverse range of pathogens
have been mapped in many crops using molecular markers.
MICROSATELITE Markers for LIVESTOCK Genetic DIVERSITY ANALYSESKaran Veer Singh
This document discusses the use of microsatellite markers for analyzing genetic diversity in livestock. It begins by providing background on livestock diversity and the threats to many breeds. It then describes microsatellites and how they are useful genetic markers for studies of diversity and relatedness. The document gives examples of how microsatellite data can be collected and analyzed to assess diversity within and among populations/breeds. It discusses applications such as conservation prioritization, phylogenetics, and management of genetic resources.
Genome to pangenome : A doorway into crops genome explorationKiranKm11
This seminar underpins the significance and need of formulating pan-genome oriented crop improvement strategies over single reference genome based studies. Pangenome graphs uncovers large repository of genetic variation which could we useful for planning and executing strategic crop improvement programmed
This document discusses Arabidopsis thaliana and its use in molecular biology research. Some key points:
- A. thaliana is well-suited for genetic research due to its small size, short life cycle, and large seed production. It was the first plant genome sequenced.
- Its genome of about 135 Mbp is among the smallest for higher plants. It contains 5 chromosomes useful for genetic mapping and sequencing.
- The document discusses forward and reverse genetics techniques used to study gene function in A. thaliana such as mutagenesis, screening mutants, positional cloning, and RNA interference. It provides examples of how these approaches have furthered understanding of plant genes and processes.
Genomic aided selection for crop improvementtanvic2
This document summarizes a case study on the draft genome sequence of chickpea. Key points include:
- Researchers sequenced and assembled the ~738Mb genome of a kabuli chickpea variety, identifying an estimated 28,269 genes.
- The genome provides resources for molecular breeding through identification of candidate genes for traits like disease resistance.
- Resequencing of elite varieties provided insights into genome diversity and domestication.
- Analysis found the draft captured over 90% of the gene space through mapping of transcriptome data, and contained homologs for over 98% of core eukaryotic genes.
Role of Pangenomics for crop ImprovementPatelSupriya
It describes about the role of pangenomics in the crop improvement.It includes pangenome,superpangenome,databases,tools used in pangenomics,utilisation in crop improvement
Comparative genomics involves analyzing and comparing genetic material from different species to study evolution, gene function, and disease. It exploits both similarities and differences in genomes to infer how natural selection has acted on genes and regulatory elements. Sequence conservation indicates functional importance, while divergence suggests positive selection. Comparative genomics is useful for gene prediction, finding regulatory regions, and interaction mapping.
Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are the three core omics technologies, which respectively deal with the analysis of genome, proteome and metabolome of cells and tissues of an organism.
Challenges and opportunities in personal omics profilingSenthil Natesan
The term ‘‘omic’’ is derived from the Latin suffix ‘‘ome’’ meaning mass or many. Thus, OMICS involve a mass (large number) of measurements per endpoint. (Jackson et al., 2006)
The functional state of a cell can be explained by the integrated set of different OMICS data, called molecular signature or biomarker.The same fact can be exploited to find out difference between diseased and normal.
For diagnosis of a diseases in future, personal OMICS profiling (POP) is indispensible.
The POP further confer advantage to produce personal drugs, based on POP.
The document describes the development of a QTL map for Egyptian durum wheat using an F2 mapping population derived from a cross between two parental varieties, Baniswif-1 and Souhag-2. A variety of DNA markers including SSRs, RAPDs, AFLPs, ESTs and SCoTs were used to genotype the mapping population. Traits related to yield and drought tolerance such as root length, plant height, spike characteristics, and biomass were measured. Linkage analysis was performed to construct a genetic linkage map, which was then used to detect QTLs associated with the traits of interest.
Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Disease Resistance in RiceIndrapratap1
Why marker assisted gene pyramiding?
For traits that are simply inherited, but that are difficult or expensive to measure phenotypically, and/or that do not have a consistent phenotypic expression under specific selection conditions, marker-based selection is more effective than phenotypic selection.
Traits which are traditionally regarded as quantitative and not targeted by gene pyramiding program can be improved using gene pyramiding if major genes affecting the traits are identified.
Genes with very similar phenotypic effects, which are impossible or difficult to combine in single genotype using phenotypic selection, can be pyramided through marker assisted selection.
Markers provides a more effective option to control linkage drag and make the use of genes contained in unadapted resources easier.
Pyramiding is possible through conventional breeding but is extremely difficult or impossible at early generations..
DNA markers may facilitate selection because DNA marker assays are non destructive and markers for multiple specific genes/QTLs can be tested using a single DNA sample without phenotyping.
CONCLUSION:
• Molecular marker offer great scope for improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding.
• Gene pyramiding may not be the most suitable strategy when many QTL with small effects control the trait and other methods such as marker-assisted recurrent selection should be considered.
• With MAS based gene pyramiding, it is now possible for breeder to conduct many rounds of selections in a year.
• Gene pyramiding with marker technology can integrate into existing plant breeding program all over the world to allow researchers to access, transfer and combine genes at a rate and with precision not previously possible.
• This will help breeders get around problems related to larger breeding populations, replications in diverse environments, and speed up the development of advance lines.
For further queries please contact at isag2010@gmail.com
Chloroplasts contain their own DNA and are the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplast transformation involves delivering a vector with the gene of interest and a selectable marker flanked by chloroplast DNA sequences for homologous recombination. The vector is delivered using biolistics or PEG-mediated transformation. Transformed cells are selected using antibiotic resistance and regenerated into plants. Chloroplast transformation allows high-level expression of transgenes due to high copy number and avoids gene silencing.
This document discusses various methods for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, including their principles, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes SNP genotyping techniques like RFLP-PCR, TaqMan assays, microarrays, Sanger sequencing, SNaPshot, and next-generation sequencing. The key aspects are accuracy, throughput, cost, and ability to detect both known and unknown SNPs. The document emphasizes choosing methods based on required information extraction and cost effectiveness.
explains about access to AnGR to benefits should be shared among users and providers and different national and international protocols governing them.
Marker assisted selection is the breeding strategy in which selection for a gene is based on molecular markers closely linked to the gene of interest rather than the gene itself, and the markers are used to monitor the incorporation of the desirable allele from the donor source. Selection of a genotype carrying desirable gene via linked marker (s) is called Marker Assisted Selection. MAS can be applied to possible to use this kind of information.
The prerequisites for the classical procedure of MAS are the tight linkage between molecular marker and gene of interest and high heritability of the gene of interest. It is noteworthy that the “quality” and the number of markers have a major impact on the success of MAS. The quality of markers relates to their characteristics and to the cost and the efficiency of the genotyping process. The number of markers affects the reliability of the linkage between them and the gene(s). In other words, screening a large number of markers has the potential to identify close and reliable linkage between the marker and the gene of interest. MAS has greater potential for efficient gene pyramiding combining several important genes in one cultivar. MAS is gaining considerable importance as it can improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest and acceleration of the recovery of the recurrent parent genome. Marker-assisted selection is gaining considerable importance as it would improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest (foreground selection) and accelerating the recovery of the recurrent parent genome (background selection). The use of MAS in crop improvement will not only reduce the cost of developing new varieties but will also increase the precision and efficiency of selection in the breeding program as well as lessen the number of years required to come up with a new crop variety.
Genetic markers can be used to track genes and chromosomes during genetic analysis. There are four main types of genetic markers: morphological, biochemical, cytological, and DNA markers. DNA markers are now widely used as they are not influenced by the environment and show high levels of polymorphism. Common types of DNA markers include restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), microsatellites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). DNA markers have advantages such as being easy to detect, exhibiting simple inheritance patterns, and showing minimal environmental influences. They have become powerful tools for applications like genetic mapping, diversity analysis, and gene tagging.
This lecture covers some nice stories about the origins of the words "genome" and the derived word "genomics". the lecture also introduces viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic genomes.
Within the last twenty years, molecular biology has revolutionized conventional breeding techniques in all areas. Biochemical and Molecular techniques have shortened the duration of breeding programs from years to months, weeks, or eliminated the need for them all together. The use of molecular markers in conventional breeding techniques has also improved the accuracy of crosses and allowed breeders to produce strains with combined traits that were impossible before the advent of DNA technology
This document discusses the AB QTL mapping strategy and its applications in various crops. AB QTL mapping involves introgressing genomic regions from unadapted germplasm into elite varieties while performing QTL analysis in advanced backcross generations. The document summarizes AB QTL studies in tomato, rice, maize, and their findings. It notes the advantages of AB QTL over conventional QTL mapping, such as reduced linkage drag and ability to rapidly develop candidate varieties. The document also outlines some limitations of the AB QTL approach.
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
Poster
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
22. 【関節リウマチ(Rheumatoid arthritis: RA)とGWAS】
▪ RAのHeritability (遺伝因子が罹患リスクに占める割合):~50%
▪ 2012年までに、60個のRA感受性遺伝子領域が同定されている。
(Nature Genetics. Stahl EA et al. 2010, Okada Y et al. 2012, Eyre S et al. 2012)
40. ~ Genetics/Gene to ??? (in next 5-10 years) ~
▪ G to A (allele)
▪ G to Q (RNA/protein QTL)
▪ G to E (epigenetics)
▪ G to M (molecular biology)
▪ G to S (system biology)
▪ G to P (phenome)
▪ G to C (clinical application)
▪ G to D (drug discovery)
Much progress !!
Now trying !
Not yet ...