The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous positive environmental impacts due to reductions in human activity. In China, lockdowns led to a 25% reduction in carbon emissions and 50% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions, saving an estimated 77,000 lives. However, the pandemic has also enabled illegal activities like deforestation and poaching. Additionally, heightened prejudice and xenophobia toward Chinese and East Asian people have been reported worldwide during the outbreak. Scientists have worked to disseminate COVID-19 research through open access publishing and preprint servers to share results quickly.

1. BIOLOGY
Corona Virus Pandemic
Name: Umair Yusuf Mohammad
Class: 8th
Section:’ A’
PSSEMR SCHOOL

2. Effecting the emission of carbon dioxide
Images from the NASA Earth Observatory show a stark drop in pollution in Wuhan,
when comparing NO2 levels in early 2019 (top) and early 2020 (bottom).
The worldwide disruption caused by the pandemic has resulted in numerous impacts on
the environment and the climate. The global reduction in modern human activity such as
the considerable decline in planned travel was coined andropause and has caused many
regions to experience a large drop in air pollution and water pollution. In China,
lockdowns and other measures resulted in a 25 percent reduction in carbon emissions
and 50 percent reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions, which one Earth systems scientist
estimated may have saved at least 77,000 lives over two months. Other positive impacts
on the environment include governance-system-controlled investments towards a
sustainable energy transition and other goals related to environmental protection such as
the European Union's seven-year €1 trillion budget proposal and €750 billion recovery
plan "Next Generation EU" which seeks to reserve 25% of EU spending for climate-
friendly expenditure.

3. However, the outbreak has also provided cover for illegal activities such as deforestation of the Amazon rainforest and
poaching in Africa, hindered environmental diplomacy efforts, and created economic fallout that some predict will slow
investment in green energy technologies.
Xenophobia and racism
Main article: List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic
Since the start of the outbreak, heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been documented around the world
toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent. Reports from February (when most cases were confined to China)
documented racist sentiments expressed in groups worldwide about Chinese people 'deserving' the virus. Chinese
people and other Asian in the United Kingdom and United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse and
assaults. U.S. President Donald Trump has been criticized for referring to the coronavirus as the "Chinese Virus" and
"Kung Flu", which has been widely condemned as racist and xenophobic. On 14 March, an Asian family, including a
two-year-old girl, was attacked at knifepoint in Texas in what the FBI has called a COVID-19 related hate crime.

4. ◦ Following the progression of the outbreak to new hotspot countries, people from Italy (the first country in Europe to experience a serious outbreak
of COVID-19) were also subjected to suspicion and xenophobia, as were people from hotspots in other countries. Discrimination against Muslims in
India escalated after public health authorities identified an Islamic missionary (Tablighi Jamaat) group's gathering in New Delhi in early March 2020 as
a source of spread. Paris has seen riots break out over police treatment of ethnic minorities during the coronavirus lockdown. Racism and
xenophobia towards southern and south east Asians increased in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. South Korea's LGBTQ community was blamed
by some for the spread of COVID-19 in Seoul. In China, some people of African descent were evicted from their homes and told to leave China
within 24 hours, due to disinformation that they and other foreigners were spreading the virus. This racism and xenophobia was criticized by foreign
governments and diplomatic corps and the Chinese ambassador to Zimbabwe.
◦ Information dissemination
◦ Further information: Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic on social media, and Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
on journalism
◦ Ongoing COVID-19 research is indexed and searchable in the NIH COVID-19 Portfolio. Some newspaper agencies removed their online paywalls for
some or all of their coronavirus-related articles and posts, while scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with open
access. Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on preprint servers such as bioRxiv.

5. ◦ Since the start of the outbreak, heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been documented around the world toward people of
Chinese and East Asian descent. Reports from February (when most cases were confined to China) documented racist sentiments expressed
in groups worldwide about Chinese people 'deserving' the virus. Chinese people and other Asian in the United Kingdom and United States
have reported increasing levels of racist abuse and assaults. U.S. President Donald Trump has been criticized for referring to the coronavirus
as the "Chinese Virus" and "Kung Flu", which has been widely condemned as racist and xenophobic. On 14 March, an Asian family,
including a two-year-old girl, was attacked at knifepoint in Texas in what the FBI has called a COVID-19 related hate crime.
◦ Following the progression of the outbreak to new hotspot countries, people from Italy (the first country in Europe to experience a serious
outbreak of COVID-19) were also subjected to suspicion and xenophobia, as were people from hotspots in other countries. Discrimination
against Muslims in India escalated after public health authorities identified an Islamic missionary (Tablighi Jamaat) group's gathering in New
Delhi in early March 2020 as a source of spread Paris has seen riots break out over police treatment of ethnic minorities during the
coronavirus lockdown. Racism and xenophobia towards southern and south east Asians increased in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
South Korea's LGBTQ community was blamed by some for the spread of COVID-19 in Seoul. In China, some people of African descent
were evicted from their homes and told to leave China within 24 hours, due to disinformation that they and other foreigners were spreading
the virus. This racism and xenophobia was criticized by foreign governments and diplomatic corps and the Chinese ambassador to
Zimbabwe.

6. Information
Dissemination
Ongoing COVID-19 research is indexed and searchable in the NIH COVID-19 Portfolio.
Some newspaper agencies removed their online paywalls for some or all of their
coronavirus-related articles and posts, while scientific publishers made scientific papers
related to the outbreak available with open access. Some scientists chose to share their
results quickly on preprint servers such as bioRxiv

7. Information dissemination
◦ U.S. president Donald Trump suggested at a press briefing on 23 April that disinfectant
injections or exposure to ultraviolet light might help treat COVID-19. There is no evidence
that either could be a viable method.
◦ The pandemic has resulted in misinformation and conspiracy theories about the scale of the
pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. False
information, including intentional disinformation, has been spread through social media, text
messaging, and mass media, including the tabloid media, conservative media, and state media
of countries such as China, Iran, and Turkmenistan. It has also been reportedly spread by
covert operations backed by states such as Saudi Arabia, and China to generate panic and sow
distrust in other countries. In some countries, such as India, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia,
journalists have been arrested for allegedly spreading fake news about the pandemic.

8. Continues
◦ Misinformation has been propagated by celebrities, politicians (including heads of state in
countries such as the United States, Iran, and Brazil), and other prominent public figures.
Commercial scams have claimed to offer at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures.
Several religious groups have claimed their faith will protect them from the virus. Some people
have claimed the virus is a bioweapon accidentally or purposefully leaked from a laboratory, a
population control scheme, the result of a spy operation, or the side effect of 5G upgrades to
cellular networks.
◦ The World Health Organization has declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the
virus, which poses risks to global health.

9. How are rivers cleaner nowadays
The rivers are nowadays cleaner. Because there are no people
roaming or throwing the trash here and there so the rivers are
cleaner nowadays and there is a good rainfall in the world it has a
good water which is purer than any other times it is very clear and
there. The people are very curious against this pandemic so the
people are understanding the importance of this pandemic. There
is no tourist organization moving or the people are visiting so the
rivers and the land are very clean.

10. GLOBAL WARMING
◦ There is no global warming nowadays so we are having fresh air and we are able
to get heavy rainfalls. We must get curious to this things because there are the
next generation's against us. We must think about them. We are now able to
understand that concept. We must not pollute the water we must: LIVE
GREEN, GO GREEN AND THINK GREEN and no we must start using
electricity more because there are many electric technology coming up such as:
vehicles, machines etc.… because we must not pollute the air by driving vehicles
such as: diesel/petrol. We must either use (cng) compressed nitrogen gas.

11. Infecting animals
◦ Infection in animals
◦ Coronavirus have been recognized as causing pathological conditions in
veterinary medicine since the 1930s.They infect a range of animals including
swine, cattle, horses, camels, cats, dogs, rodents, birds and bats. The majority of
animal related coronavirus infect the intestinal tract and are transmitted by a
fecal-oral route. Significant research efforts have been focused on elucidating
the viral pathogenesis of these animal coronavirus, especially by virologists
interested in veterinary and zoonotic diseases.

12. Farm Animals
◦ Farm animals
◦ Coronavirus infect domesticated birds. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a type of
coronavirus, causes avian infectious bronchitis. The virus is of concern to the poultry
industry because of the high mortality from infection, its rapid spread, and its effect on
production. The virus affects both meat production and egg production and causes
substantial economic loss. In chickens, infectious bronchitis virus targets not only the
respiratory tract but also the urogenital tract. The virus can spread to different organs
throughout the chicken. The virus is transmitted by aerosol and food contaminated by feces.
Different vaccines against IBV exist and have helped to limit the spread of the virus and its
variants. Infectious bronchitis virus is one of a number of strains of the species Avian
coronavirus. Another strain of avian coronavirus is turkey coronavirus (TCV) which causes
enteritis in turkeys.

13. ◦ Coronavirus also affect other branches of animal husbandry such as pig farming
and the cattle raising. Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV),
which is related to bat coronavirus HKU2, causes diarrhoea in pigs. Porcine
epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that has recently emerged and
similarly causes diarrhoea in pigs. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),
which is a member of the species Alphacoronavirus 1, is another coronavirus that
causes diarrhoea in young pigs. In the cattle industry bovine coronavirus (BCV),
which is a member of the species coronavirus 1 and related to HCoV-OC43,is
responsible for severe profuse enteritis in young calves

14. Domestic pets
◦ Coronavirus infect domestic pets such as cats, dogs, and ferrets. There are two forms of
feline coronavirus which are both members of the species Alphacoronavirus 1. Feline
enteric coronavirus is a pathogen of minor clinical significance, but spontaneous
mutation of this virus can result in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a disease with high
mortality. There are two different coronavirus that infect dogs. Canine coronavirus
(CCoV), which is a member of the species Alphacoronavirus 1,[135] causes mild
gastrointestinal disease. Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), which is a member of
the species Bat coronavirus 1 and related to HCoV-OC43, cause respiratory disease.
Similarly, there are two types of coronavirus that infect ferrets. Ferret enteric coronavirus
causes a gastrointestinal syndrome known as epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE), and a
more lethal systemic version of the virus (like FIP in cats) known as ferret systemic
coronavirus

15. Laboratory animals
◦ Coronavirus infect laboratory Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), which is a member of the
species Murine coronavirus, causes an epidemic murine illness with high mortality, especially
among colonies of laboratory mice. Prior to the discovery of SARS-CoV, MHV was the best-
studied coronavirus both in vivo and in vitro as well as at the molecular level. Some strains of
MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine
model for multiple sclerosis. Sialo dacryoadenitis virus (SDAV), which is a strain of the
species Murine coronavirus, is highly infectious coronavirus of laboratory rats, which can be
transmitted between individuals by direct contact and indirectly by aerosol. Rabbit enteric
coronavirus causes acute gastrointestinal disease and diarrhea in young European rabbits.
Mortality rates are high.

16. Prevention and treatment
◦ There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.
Treatment is only supportive. A number of antiviral targets have been identified such as viral
proteases, polymerases, and entry proteins. Drugs are in development which target these
proteins and the different steps of viral replication. A number of vaccines using different
methods are also under development for different human coronavirus.
◦ There are no antiviral drugs to treat animal coronavirus.[citation needed] Vaccines are
available for IBV, TGEV, and Canine CoV, although their effectiveness is limited. In the case
of outbreaks of highly contagious animal coronavirus, such as PEDV, measures such as
destruction of entire herds of pigs may be used to prevent transmission to other herds

17. HOW CAN WE BUILD OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM
AT HOME ???
We can build our immune system by staying in our home by doing some steps given below:
1. By doing some house hold jobs such as: cleaning, dusting, cooking food, enjoying
2. By even doing some indoor sports such as: skipping, jumping, yoga, karate, exercises,
sanitizing our selves and others at home, not going anywhere else and being healthy by
eating healthy food

18. MUST FOLLOW