The document is a study guide for a BIOL 320 final exam that will be taken at home over 48 hours. It provides 52 multiple choice and short answer questions covering topics like DNA, genetics, forensics, entomology, and anatomy. Students are warned that using outside resources on the take home exam is strongly discouraged.

1. BIOL 320 Final Exam
The written take home final examination represents the final
assessment for this class. You will have 48 hours from the time
that this exam is made available to complete and submit your
time final exam.
Failure to submit the timed final exam document within the time
period will result in your exam not being accepted.
Use of your, notes, or other resources is strongly discouraged.
1) List and briefly explain the four steps in the scientific
method.
2) Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the
scientific method?
A
)
experiment, observation, hypothesis, conclusion

2. B
)
observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion
C
)
hypothesis, experiment, observation, conclusion
D
)
observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
Answer:
3) The two most important organelles in forensic DNA analysis
are the _________________ and
__________________________.
4)
The DNA laboratory genotypes three suspects DNA extracted
from blood, and DNA extracted from hair roots found at the
scene. When the technician draws a conclusion based on the
genotyping results, the forensic term for this test or process is
called _____________.
5) An experiment is designed to test an hypothesis.
A
)
True
B

3. )
False
Answer:
6)
Due to television shows jurors are expecting to see perfect
fingerprints and analyzable DNA on guns and other evidence.
The absence of which has led jurors to exonerate otherwise
guilty suspects. This is known as the ____ effect.
7) ___________________ is only inherited through the maternal
lineage.
8) ______________________ is only inherited through the
paternal lineage.
9) ________________________ is inherited through paternal
and maternal lineages.
10) A mother is claiming that the only brother of her best friend
is the father of her child. The brother is serving at a remote
location in the easternmost reaches of Turkey. At the behest of
his sister, the brother voluntarily provides DNA for a paternity
test. Which of the following are the
possible
results and conclusions of the tests?
A

4. )
Since one-half of the alleles from the brother and child
matched, then it is highly likely that the father is the brother.
B
)
Since none of the alleles from the brother matched, then it is
highly unlikely that the father is the brother.
C
)
Since one-half the alleles did not match, it cannot be ruled out
that the father is the brother.
D
)
Since only a few alleles match those of the child, it can be ruled
out that the best friend is not the father.
11)
Answer:
11) How many permanent teeth are typically found in a human
mouth?
A
)
18
B

5. )
32
C
)
30
D
)
36
Answer:
12) Measurements made on this bone, provide an accurate
method of estimating the stature from skeletal remains
A
)
humerus
B
)
femur
C
)
tibia
D

6. )
fubula
Answer:
13) Given that the offspring of human parents has the dominant
phenotype freckles and cleft chin, the parents gametes could
be...
A
)
homozygous dominant for both genes in father; heterozygous
dominant for both genes in mother.
B
)
heterozygous dominant for both genes in father and mother
C
)
homozygous dominant for both genes in father, homozygous
recessive genes in mother
D
)
homozyogous recessive in Freckle gene and homozygous
dominant in cleft gene in mother and father.
Answer

7. Answer:
14) In a Punnett square, the letters that line the outside of the
box represent...
A
)
offspring genotypes
B
)
parental genotypes
C
)
gametes
D
)
offspring phenotypes
Answer:
15)
If all thousand offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa, the
parents of the cross are most likely...
A
)

8. AA x aa
B
)
Aa x Aa
C
)
Aa x aa
D
)
AA x Aa
Answer:
16)
If the first child of a couple was without dimples, an recessive
trait, what is the chance that the second child will be born
without dimples?
A) 100%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) Cannot be determined from the phenotype of the child
Answer:

9. 17)
If a gamete with genotype Aa fertilized another gamete with
genotype aa, the offspring genotype could be...
A
)
AA
B
)
Aa
C
)
aA
D
)
aa
Answer:
18)
What is the phenotype ratio for a cross between Aa and Aa
A

10. )
1:2:1
B
)
1:3
C
)
1:1
D
)
3:1
Answer:
19)
What is the genotype ratio of a Aa x Aa cross?
A
)
3:1
B
)
1:2:1
C
)

11. 2:1:1
D
)
1:1:2
Answer:
20)
Which of the following parts of a human cell contain
information useful to a forensic investigator?
A
)
Nucleus
B
)
Golgi body
C
)
Mitochondria
D
)
Cell membrane
E

12. )
Nuclear membrane
Answer:
21) I
n a population of 100 individuals, the genotype frequency of
allele 17.1 is .25, then ____ individuals have this allele.
22) DNA is a(n)
A
)
lipid
B
)
protein
C
)
carbohydrate
D
)
polymer
Answer:
23)

13. Which of the following base pairs is incorrect?
A
)
G-C
B
)
C-A
C
)
A-T
D
)
T-A
Answer:
24) PCR is a technique that…
A
)
molecularly xeroxes DNA.
B
)
requires primers and enzymes to amplify DNA.
C

14. )
can amplify many different DNA sequences all at the same time.
D
)
is described by all of the above answers.
Answer:
25) Given the following DNA sequence: 5'-CAGTCA-3', the
complementary strand is_________
26) Which of the following is a use of forensic entomology?
A
)
Obtaining human DNA from the victim's flesh digested by the
insect.
B
)
Determining the cause of death.
C
)
Calculating the PMI.
D
)
Determining the quantity of ingested toxins and drugs from the
analysis of insect body parts.

15. Answer:
27: Which of the following insects are most likely found during
the first stages of decomposition?
A
)
Blow Flies
B
)
Dermestid beetles
C
)
Coffin Fly
D
)
Wasps
Answer:
28)
The technical term for an insect laying eggs is _______ and the
technical term for an insect laying larva is _______.
29)
A reddish fluid is found on a floor of a suspect's house. As a
CSI, you desire to make a preliminary determination of the

16. substance. You will
likely
perform a ____________ test for __________.
30) The element _____ is found in hemoglobin and it is what is
detected in several ___________ blood tests
31) Briefly describe the three steps used in PCR?
32) Which of the following is not a characteristic of rigor
mortis?
A
)
Upon death, the loss of calcium transport in muscle cells,
muscle cells continually contract.
B
)
Rigor Mortis first starts with small muscles in the face and
these muscles are the last to relax after several days.
C
)
The rate of rigor mortis is independent upon the victim’s
activity and the victim’s age.
D
)
Rigor mortis in and of itself cannot always be a reliable
predictor of time since death
.
Answer:

17. 33) Which of the following bones are not used for sex
estimation in adults:
A
)
pelvis
B
)
tibia
C
)
femur
D
)
cranium
Answer:
34) Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A
)
oviposits: egg layer

18. B
)
instars: growth stage
C
)
larvaposit: pupae layer
D
)
nymph: wingless version of an adult insect
Answer:
35)
Hemoglobin contains a _____________ group that binds
oxygen.
36) True/False: DNA is single stranded and RNA is double
stranded.
37) ________________ cells contain a nucleus.
38) Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
39) The expression of a gene is called the gene’s
____________________.
40) A validation procedure must be ___________________,
___________________, and ____________________.
41)
The peroxidase activity of heme groups catalyzes the oxidation
of -----___________________ to ____________________ in the

19. Kastle-Myer presumptive test for blood.
42) A person who has no sperm cells would be classified as
being ____________________
.
43) The odor in feces is caused by the decomposition products
____________ and _________________
.
44) Most animals have three major pairs of salivary glands that
differ in the type of secretion they produce called the
__________________, _______________________, and
____________________ glands.
45) True/False:
Amy2 is the “Salivary Locus” responsible for amylase detected
in saliva, sweat, nasal secretions, breast milk and Amy1 is the
“Pancreatic Locus” – responsible for amylase detected in
semen, blood, urine, feces, and vaginal fluid
46) True/False: Beta Amylase is the type of amylase that is
found in plants.
47) True/False: Fingerprints are developed during the early
stages of fetal development
48) _______________ fingerprints
are composed of the sweat and oils of the body that are
transferred from the ridge pattern to some substrate where they
persist for some time until found by one of numerous
visualizing techniques.
49) The types of manners of death are __________________,
___________________, ___________________, and
_____________________.

20. 51) _________________ is the stiffening of the body after death
due to the membranes of muscle cells becoming more permeable
to calcium ions.
52) Save file with your name in the file extension.