Bioinspiration is the development of novel materials, devices, and structures inspired by solutions found in biological systems.
The goal is to improve modelling of the biological system to attain a better understanding of the nature's structural features.
It is a field based on observing the remarkable functions that characterize living organisms, and trying to imitate those functions. This special biological solution provides some inspiration for scientists and engineers to design multifunctional artificial materials with multiscale structures. Origin: Fascinated by the phenomenon of flight, Leonardo da Vinci produced detailed studies of the flight of birds, and plans for several flying machines, including a helicopter and a light hang glider.
Bio-Inspiration Engineering Designing of Helicopters from Insects like dragonfly and Grasshoppers.
Design, Fabrication and Testing Of Flapping Wing Micro Air VehicleIJERA Editor
Flapping flight has the potential to revolutionize micro air vehicles (MAVs) due to increased aerodynamic
performance, improved maneuverability and hover capabilities. The purpose of this project is to design and
fabrication of flapping wing micro air vehicle. The designed MAV will have a wing span of 40cm. The drive
mechanism will be a gear mechanism to drive the flapping wing MAV, along with one actuator. Initially, a
preliminary design of flapping wing MAV is drawn and necessary calculation for the lift calculation has been
done. Later a CAD model is drawn in CATIA V5 software. Finally we tested by Flying.
2Biomechanics of Flight Jewell Schock Museum of Natural Hist.docxgilbertkpeters11344
2
Biomechanics of Flight
Jewell Schock Museum of Natural History
Bird Name (Lesser Yellowlegs)
There are three main forces that act on flying animals, namely drag, lift and thrust. Birds use a combination of strategies while moving in the air such that they are able to manipulate the forces acting on them to their advantage. The strategies, mostly used are flight, soaring, gliding and parachuting.
Flight
Birds have streamlined bodies to minimize drag forces for fast flight. This force is relative to the flight speed increasing when the speed is high therefore limits the bird’s motion. However the force is helpful when a flying animal tries to slow down. Additionally, lift is an important force that helps an animal in flight because it keeps them airborne. Birds and other flying animals normally have low weight and have the ability to flap wings quickly and move quickly to maximize lift (Hutchinson, 2005). Finally, thrust is a critical force in flight; birds have large flight muscles to produce thrust which opposes drag.
Soaring:
This is a strategy used by large animals to overcome drag forces and high weight. These animals have large wings overcome these forces. Another problem these animals face is that of thrust which increases slower than weight and drag, thus there is a limitation in the size of a flyer. Therefore, soaring is best for these animals which have a low wing loading, since it is energetically efficient and involves very little wing flapping.
Parachuting and Gliding
These are modes, mostly used by vertebrates as modes of aerial locomotion with most parachuting when airborne and using other means of locomotion when they are on the ground. Gliding is partly a form of parachuting whereby animals produce lift forces by an airfoil-type membrane. Most of the gliders are now extinct with only bats known to have evolved from its gliding vertebrate ancestors (Hutchinson, 2005).
General Description
The Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) is a medium-sized, slender, long-legged shorebird measuring 27 cm similar in appearance to the Greater Yellowlegs, which is relatively larger. The bird derives its name from its brightly colored legs. Tringa flavipes has a long neck and a straight, sharp-pointed slightly upturned bill. The bird’s tail and rump are white (Dewey, 2009).
Habitat
Tringa flavipes breed in the open in boreal forest region between Alaska and Quebec in the far north. They build nests on the ground in clearings near ponds. The species is found on coasts, lakeshores, mudflats and in the marshes during migration and winter. In comparison to the closely related, Greater Yellowlegs, which are typically found on extensive mudflats, Tringa flavipes are normally found in more secure areas, in smaller ponds. Additionally, they nest in drier protected areas in comparison with their larger counterparts.
Diet
The bird’s main diet consist of insects during the breeding season, and small fish and crustaceans during the rest of the .
Structural dynamic analysis of bio inspired carbon polyethylene MAV wingsijmech
Flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) are small unmanned aircrafts or flying robots which are intended to be used for surveillance, reconnaissance, biochemical sensing, targeting, tracking, etc. To perform such missions, MAVs are required to do some specific operations such as hovering; slow and high speed flying; quick landing and take-off, etc. During flapping motion through surrounding air, wings experience inertial and aerodynamic forces. For making successful flights in such conditions, wings must have properties such as flexibility, strength, low weight, long fatigue life, etc. For producing such properties, wing material plays a crucial
role. Most of the research related to MAVs is based on aerodynamics and controls. Present research is based on materials and structural aspects of flapping wings. Here materials used are carbon fibres for making wing skeleton and polyethylene for wing membrane. The design for
the wing of 113.8 mm length is inspired from giant hummingbird’s wing. The wing sketch was developed in gambit software by taking position data, generated using digitizer, from printed image of hummingbird wing. Developed sketch was printed and used, as a guide, for making the wing skeleton. The polyethylene film with adhesive was laminated on the skeleton at 150 ºC.
Natural frequencies, nature of mode shapes, and damping characteristics of fabricated wings are determined here
Design, Fabrication and Testing Of Flapping Wing Micro Air VehicleIJERA Editor
Flapping flight has the potential to revolutionize micro air vehicles (MAVs) due to increased aerodynamic
performance, improved maneuverability and hover capabilities. The purpose of this project is to design and
fabrication of flapping wing micro air vehicle. The designed MAV will have a wing span of 40cm. The drive
mechanism will be a gear mechanism to drive the flapping wing MAV, along with one actuator. Initially, a
preliminary design of flapping wing MAV is drawn and necessary calculation for the lift calculation has been
done. Later a CAD model is drawn in CATIA V5 software. Finally we tested by Flying.
2Biomechanics of Flight Jewell Schock Museum of Natural Hist.docxgilbertkpeters11344
2
Biomechanics of Flight
Jewell Schock Museum of Natural History
Bird Name (Lesser Yellowlegs)
There are three main forces that act on flying animals, namely drag, lift and thrust. Birds use a combination of strategies while moving in the air such that they are able to manipulate the forces acting on them to their advantage. The strategies, mostly used are flight, soaring, gliding and parachuting.
Flight
Birds have streamlined bodies to minimize drag forces for fast flight. This force is relative to the flight speed increasing when the speed is high therefore limits the bird’s motion. However the force is helpful when a flying animal tries to slow down. Additionally, lift is an important force that helps an animal in flight because it keeps them airborne. Birds and other flying animals normally have low weight and have the ability to flap wings quickly and move quickly to maximize lift (Hutchinson, 2005). Finally, thrust is a critical force in flight; birds have large flight muscles to produce thrust which opposes drag.
Soaring:
This is a strategy used by large animals to overcome drag forces and high weight. These animals have large wings overcome these forces. Another problem these animals face is that of thrust which increases slower than weight and drag, thus there is a limitation in the size of a flyer. Therefore, soaring is best for these animals which have a low wing loading, since it is energetically efficient and involves very little wing flapping.
Parachuting and Gliding
These are modes, mostly used by vertebrates as modes of aerial locomotion with most parachuting when airborne and using other means of locomotion when they are on the ground. Gliding is partly a form of parachuting whereby animals produce lift forces by an airfoil-type membrane. Most of the gliders are now extinct with only bats known to have evolved from its gliding vertebrate ancestors (Hutchinson, 2005).
General Description
The Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) is a medium-sized, slender, long-legged shorebird measuring 27 cm similar in appearance to the Greater Yellowlegs, which is relatively larger. The bird derives its name from its brightly colored legs. Tringa flavipes has a long neck and a straight, sharp-pointed slightly upturned bill. The bird’s tail and rump are white (Dewey, 2009).
Habitat
Tringa flavipes breed in the open in boreal forest region between Alaska and Quebec in the far north. They build nests on the ground in clearings near ponds. The species is found on coasts, lakeshores, mudflats and in the marshes during migration and winter. In comparison to the closely related, Greater Yellowlegs, which are typically found on extensive mudflats, Tringa flavipes are normally found in more secure areas, in smaller ponds. Additionally, they nest in drier protected areas in comparison with their larger counterparts.
Diet
The bird’s main diet consist of insects during the breeding season, and small fish and crustaceans during the rest of the .
Structural dynamic analysis of bio inspired carbon polyethylene MAV wingsijmech
Flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) are small unmanned aircrafts or flying robots which are intended to be used for surveillance, reconnaissance, biochemical sensing, targeting, tracking, etc. To perform such missions, MAVs are required to do some specific operations such as hovering; slow and high speed flying; quick landing and take-off, etc. During flapping motion through surrounding air, wings experience inertial and aerodynamic forces. For making successful flights in such conditions, wings must have properties such as flexibility, strength, low weight, long fatigue life, etc. For producing such properties, wing material plays a crucial
role. Most of the research related to MAVs is based on aerodynamics and controls. Present research is based on materials and structural aspects of flapping wings. Here materials used are carbon fibres for making wing skeleton and polyethylene for wing membrane. The design for
the wing of 113.8 mm length is inspired from giant hummingbird’s wing. The wing sketch was developed in gambit software by taking position data, generated using digitizer, from printed image of hummingbird wing. Developed sketch was printed and used, as a guide, for making the wing skeleton. The polyethylene film with adhesive was laminated on the skeleton at 150 ºC.
Natural frequencies, nature of mode shapes, and damping characteristics of fabricated wings are determined here
A basic look at how animals move in their environments. Arthropods, Chordates, and Cephalopods have all adapted certain characteristics that allow them to move freely in their environment. We review the structures and abilities that make these animals successful whether it be wing design, jet propulsion, or a hydraulic mechanism, to capture prey, make love, or evade predators.
Biomimetics: The nano structures and micro structures on a butterfly wing make them hydrophobic and self-cleaning. Butterfly Colors: Optical enhancement, sensing, and the power of invisibility.The researchers report this technique that could be used to make screens on electronics more brilliant.
Drones now being used in every field it is necessary to know basic things about drone, whether its features, its types and its use. In this pdf file we have discussed about drones , drones types. It will also help beginners to know about drones before selecting suitable drone for business.
A basic look at how animals move in their environments. Arthropods, Chordates, and Cephalopods have all adapted certain characteristics that allow them to move freely in their environment. We review the structures and abilities that make these animals successful whether it be wing design, jet propulsion, or a hydraulic mechanism, to capture prey, make love, or evade predators.
Biomimetics: The nano structures and micro structures on a butterfly wing make them hydrophobic and self-cleaning. Butterfly Colors: Optical enhancement, sensing, and the power of invisibility.The researchers report this technique that could be used to make screens on electronics more brilliant.
Drones now being used in every field it is necessary to know basic things about drone, whether its features, its types and its use. In this pdf file we have discussed about drones , drones types. It will also help beginners to know about drones before selecting suitable drone for business.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Bio-Inspiration Engineering from Insects; for Helicopters
1.
2. Credit Seminar
Presented By Marya Farid
Regd. No. J-20-M-724
Degree Programme Masters in Entomology
Advisor Dr. A.K. Singh
Seminar In-charge Dr. R.K. Gupta (HOD)
4. CONTENTS
Bio-Inspiration and Biomimicry
Bio-Inspired design?
Inspiration for the Helicopter
The Dragonfly
Wing Physiology of Dragonfly
Dragonfly Flight
Similarities between Dragonflies and Helicopters
Inspiration from Grasshopper Legs
5. Introduction
Bioinspiration is the development of novel materials, devices, and
structures inspired by solutions found in biological systems.
The goal is to improve modelling of the biological system to attain a
better understanding of the nature's structural features.
It is a field based on observing the remarkable functions that
characterize living organisms, and trying to imitate those functions.
7. This special biological solution provides some
inspiration for scientists and engineers to design
multifunctional artificial materials with
multiscale structures.
Buildings inspired by nature. (a) The lotus temple in India, inspired by the lotus flower; (b) the
Gherkin in London, UK, inspired by gherkins; (c) the Beijing national stadium in China,
inspired by birds' nests; (d) the Olympic pavilion in Barcelona, Spain, inspired by gold fish; (e)
and the Eastgate development in Zimbabwe, inspired by termite structures
8. Biomimicry
Biomimicry (from bios, meaning life, and mimesis meaning to imitate)
is a new science that studies natures best idea and then imitates these
designs and processes to solve human problems.
9. Origin
Fascinated by the phenomenon of flight,
Leonardo da Vinci produced detailed studies of
the flight of birds, and plans for several flying
machines, including a helicopter and a light
hang glider.
10. Bioinspired design is studying the structure and function
of biological systems as models and designing or
engineering the new materials and machines. It is
widely regarded as being synonymous with biomimicry
and biomimetics.
WHAT IS BIOINSPIRED DESIGN?
11. The Inspiration for the Helicopter
The world's leading helicopter manufacturer, Sikorsky, finished the
design of one of their helicopters by taking the dragonfly as a model,
which assisted Sikorsky in this project.
Two thousand special renderings were done on computer in the light
of the manoeuvres of the dragonfly in air.
Therefore, Sikorsky's model for transporting personnel and artillery
was built upon examples derived from dragonflies.
14. WING PHYSIOLOGY
The physiology of dragonfly wings facilitates
their acrobatic flight.
At the leading edge of each wing, dragonflies
have a "wing mark" or pterostigma; it acts like a
weight that helps stabilize the wing during flight.
The weight prevents the ultra thin wings from
vibrating which would interfere with the
dragonfly's ability to glide quickly through the
air.
In addition, the strongest part of the wing is a
long vein (costa) along the leading edge that
allows the dragonfly to cut through the air during
flight.
15. Direct Flight Mechanism
• In this mechanism muscles are
directly attached at the base of the
wings.
• You can see in the video on the
right side of the slide, like one set
of muscles attaches just inside the
base of the wing and the other set
attaches slightly outside to the
base of the wing.
• e.g. Dragonflies.
Direct flight: muscles
attached to wings.
Large insects only
The Odonata (dragonflies and
damselflies) have direct flight
musculature.
16. Dragonfly Flight
Dragonflies have survived millions of years of evolution and are one of the most stable and
manoeuvrable flyers in nature.
Their horizontal body posture allows them to change flight modes from hovering to fast forward or
turning swiftly and follow a target closely.
Dragonflies can also fly backwards, sideways and even glide.
Their flight speed is as high as 90km/h.
The maximum thrust force their wings generate can go up to thirteen times their body weight.
Dragonflies turn 180 degrees in only three wingbeats.
17. DRAGONFLY FLIGHT
Dragonfly flight is powered by muscles that are attached to the base of
each wing. These muscles control wing shape and wing angle.
To achieve the desired flight pattern, dragonflies can: adjust wing shape,
wing angle, move a wing more forward or backward from its usual
position.
18.
19. Agility: They Are Masters of Flight
Dragonflies are like helicopters or it’s more
accurate to say helicopters are like dragonflies as
helicopters were designed to mimic dragonfly
abilities. They can fly in any direction (up,
down, forward, backward) or simply hover. All
four wings move independently, and can rotate
on an axis for incredible flight control. They can
changing direction instantly. And they can fly
upside-down.
20. Similarities between Dragonfly and Helicopter
Dragonflies have two sets of wings that are almost
identical. When the dragonfly is traveling forward,
the front set of wings gives the dragonfly its lift, and
the rear wings provide propulsion, and they can also
fly backwards.
Some of the first helicopters were equipped with
metal blades. However, inventors and scientists
soon discovered that these metal blades did not
allow for agile handling of the aircraft, nor did
metal blades endure the stresses of flight, due to the
rigidity of the metal.
21. Cont.…
Composite materials, such as carbon fibres, were finally
settled upon as the material of choice for the rotor's
blades because they are both strong and flexible, and do
not crack as easily under stress. This allows for the
helicopter to be fast and manoeuvrable, traits needed in
modern war aircraft.
Very similarly, the dragonfly's wings are “composite,”
being made up of many smaller, paper-thin wing
sections, held together by little channels, which are a
type of blood veins. The leading edge of the dragonfly's
wings are quite a bit thicker than the rest of the wing,
which helps to prevent the wings from fluttering while in
flight.
The intricate patterns on this dragonfly
wing
23. Helicopters are often used in rescue situations because, compared to planes, they offer better
manoeuvrability, can hover, and can land in a more restricted area. However, they still need
a flat surface to land on.
Sometimes It can also be difficult to land safely on transport ships at sea during rough
conditions. And sometimes the rotor blades could hit the deck, with disastrous
consequences.
DARPA, the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency in the USA, has recently
demonstrated a new design to overcome these issues. Developed at the Georgia Institute of
Technology, the Robotic Landing Gear takes inspiration from the legs of grasshopper to
provide a much more flexible landing.
PUTTING INSECT LEGS ON A HELICOPTER LETS IT LAND
ANYWHERE
24. Robotic Landing Gear
Instead of the traditional skids, the DARPA prototype features four articulated robotic legs, each
equipped with a contact sensor in the foot.
Automated folding legs radically adapt to angled, irregular and moving surfaces.
On landing, these sensors allow the legs to flex and adapt to the surface, determining the best angle to
create a level landing.
During flight, these legs can be drawn up against the helicopter’s body to maintain an aerodynamic
profile.
The Defence Advanced Research Institute now has a solution for landing in choppy seas and uneven
terrain.
25. Robotic Landing Geared Helicopter
• DARPA has conducted an experimental
demonstration of a novel robotic landing gear
system.
• The adaptive system replaces standard landing
gear with four articulated, jointed legs that are
able to fold up next to the helicopter’s fuselage
while in flight and are equipped with force-
sensitive contact sensors in their feet.
• During landing, each leg extends and uses its
sensors to determine in real time the appropriate
angle to assume to ensure that the helicopter
stays level and minimize any risk of the rotor
touching the landing area.
26.
27. Conclusion
1. Bio-inspiration is the study of emulating and mimicking nature,
where it has been used by designers to help in solving human
problems.
2. From centuries ago designers and architects looked at nature as a
huge source of inspiration. Bio-inspiration argues that nature is the
best, most influencing and the guaranteed source of innovation for
the designers.
3. The bio-inspiration emerging field deals with new technologies
skillfully.