The document summarizes various biodiversity protection schemes implemented by the Government of India, including Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and schemes for protecting the Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, rhinoceros, river dolphin, vultures, and other endangered species. It provides details on the objectives of these schemes, the government bodies that administer them, and initiatives to strengthen wildlife conservation in India through habitat protection, combating poaching, managing human-animal conflicts, and population monitoring programs.
Powers of State Pollution Control Board - The Water Act 1974
Biodiversity protection : Schemes by Government of India: By clearias.com
1. Biodiversity Protection : Schemes by Government of India
Compiled by Dr. Anoob Razak
[Check http://www.clearias.com for more!]
2. What’s inside?
Wildlife Protection – different schemes
Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat.
Project Tiger
Project Elephant.
Other conservation projects.
3. Wildlife Protection
5 schemes
1.Strengthening of Wildlife Divisions
2.Animal Welfare
3.Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats
4.Project Tiger
5.Project Elephant
Central Sector (CS)
Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)
4.
5.
6. Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat (IDWH)
One of the three CSS for protection of wildlife
Assistance for the Development of National Park & Sanctuaries
11th FYP
Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat
7. Objectives
i.Support to Protected Areas (National Parks, WildLife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves & Community Reserves)
ii.Protection of Wildlife outside Protected Areas
iii.Recovery programs for saving critically endangered species & habitats
8. Financial & technical assistance to states to protect threatened species, like
◦Snow Leopard
◦Hangul
◦Dugongs
◦Edible Nest Swiftlets
◦Asian Wild Buffalos
◦Manipur – Brow Antlered Deer
◦Vultures
◦Asiatic Lion
15. Tiger
‘world’s favourite animal’- Animal Planet Survey
8 subspecies in total (including 3 extinct)
only 1 subspecies in India
◦Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
(most common subspecies)
National Animal of India & Bangladesh
16. Project Tiger
1900 - 20000 – 40000 tigers
1972 - 1800 tigers
“endangered species”
1973- Project Tiger
◦Started as a 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme in 9 Tiger Reserves across the country
17. Administered by National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
◦provided in WildLife Protection (Amendment) Act, 2006
◦Statutory body
◦Minister of Environment & Forest- Chairman of NTCA
State Government shall, on recommendation of NTCA, notify as area as Tiger Reserve
18. Objectives of Project Tiger
◦To ensure maintenance of a viable population of Tigers in India for scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural & ecological values
◦To preserve, for all times, the areas of such biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit, education & enjoyment of people
25. Core - Buffer strategy (WLPA, 2006)
Core area / Critical Tiger Habitat
Buffer Area / Peripheral Area
◦Core area is kept free of biotic disturbances & forestry operation, where collection of minor forest produce, grazing, human disturbances are not allowed within
◦Buffer Area – lesser protection
26. m STrIPES
Monitoring System for Tigers- Intensive Protection & Ecological Status
software based monitoring system
to assist patrolling & protection
launched by Indian Govt in 2010
27. Tiger Census
All India Tiger Estimation Exercise
Since 2006, this exercise is being undertaken every four years
4 Phases (4th phase added in 2011)
2010 census- 1706 (1571-1875) tigers above 1.5 years of age
28.
29. Phase I: Field data collection at the beat-level (i.e Primary Patrolling Unit), by trained personnel and using a standardised protocol.
Phase II: Analysis of habitat status of tiger forests using satellite data
Phase III: Camera trapping to identify individual tigers from their unique stripe patterns. This information was used to estimate tiger numbers in sampled sites.
30. Phase IV (announced in May 2011) -intensive, annual monitoring of important ‘source’ populations of tigers. (i.e at tiger reserve level) -use statistically sound procedures to estimate numbers of both tigers and their prey. -developed by NTCA & WII, on consultation with experts
31. Civil Service Mains 2011
Q) Phase-IV of the tiger monitoring programme in India
(50 words, 5 marks)
32. National Animal of India from 1952 – 1972
◦Asiatic Lion
Tiger as adopted in its place in a meeting of Indian Board for Wildlife,
i.Worldwide importance of Tiger & its existence over the entire country
ii.Need for its strict protection
iii.Tiger is found in as many as 16 states whereas Lion only in 1 state
33. Canine Distemper Disease (recently in news- March 2014)
◦viral disease that can affect tigers and other felines
◦most commonly affects dogs
◦reservoir- unvaccinated dogs
34. Civil Service Preliminary 2012
Q) Consider the following protected areas
1.Bandipur
2.Bhitarkanika
3.Manas
4.Sundarbans
Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?
a)1 & 2 only
b)1, 3 & 4 only
c)2, 3 & 4 only
d)1, 2, 3 & 4
35. Civil Service Mains 2012
Q) The issue of tourism in core areas of tiger reserve forests in the country is a subject matter of debate. Critically examine various aspects of this issue, keeping in view relevant recent judicial pronouncements.
(250 words, 25 marks)
36. Indian Elephant
Elephas maximus
“Endangered”
25000
declared as National Heritage Animal in 2010
37. Project Elephant
Launched as a CSS in 1992
Objectives
1.to protect Elephants, their habitats & corridors
2.to address issues of man- animal conflict
3.welfare of domesticated animals
38. Elephant Reserves
◦25 ERs in 13 states
◦Wayanad, Nilambur, Anamudi, Periyar in Kerala
financial & technical assistance
39.
40.
41.
42. Elephant Corridors
◦more than 80 identified Elephant corridors
◦many within protected areas or reserve forests
◦Important since the movement helps to enhance species survival & birth rate
43.
44. reasons for decline in elephant population
◦Poaching for elephant ivory
◦Disruption of hanitat & man – elephant conflict
◦Mining activities in Central India
45. MIKE
Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE)
Mandated by a resolution of CITES
◦Started in South Asia in 2003
◦Implemented in 10 ERs since 2004
objective- to measure the levels & trends in illegal hunting if elephants
47. Haathi Mere Saathi
MoEF & Wildlife Trust of India
Launched at ‘Elephant-8’ Minsterial Meeting in 2011
48. Objectives
◦to sensitize people on the importance of saving our National Heritage Animal & its impact on the overall biodiversity of the country
◦to sensitize both urban & rural populace on threats to the elephant & its habitat
◦to work with the government, communities & stakeholders on an awareness campaign in order to protect & secure increasingly fragmented & shrinking elephant habitats
55. Hangul
Kashmir Stag- a subspecies of Asian Red Deer
State animal of Jammu & Kashmir
Dachigam National Park near Srinagar
Project Hangul (1975)
◦J&K govt + IUCN + WWF
56. Vulture
9 species of Vultures in India
3 are “critically endangered”
i.White Backed Vulture
ii.Slender Billed Vulture
iii.Long Billed Vulture
Vulture brought under IDWH
57.
58. Priorities of SAVE
◦Advocacy to more effectively remove diclofenac from veterinary use
◦Creation of Vulture Safe Zones
◦Breeding Centre & release programmes
59. Civil Service Preliminary 2012
Q) Vultures hich used to be very common in Indian countryside some years ago are rarely seen nowadays. This is attributed to
a)The destruction of their nesting sites by new invasive species
b)A drug used by cattle owners for treating their diseased cattle
c)Scarcity of food available to them
d)A widespread, persistent & fatal disease among them
60. Civil Service Mains 2010
Q) The diminishing population of vultures
(50 words, 5 marks)
61.
62.
63.
64. Ganga River Dolphin
National Aquatic Animal
inhabits parts of Ganga-Brahmaputra River system
1 among the 4 obligate freshwater dolphins
said to represent the purity of Ganga as it can thrive only in freshwater
“Susu”, because of its noise
65. main reasons for decline in population
◦poaching for oil
◦habitat degradation due to declining flow
◦heavy siltation, sand mining
◦construction of barrages causing physical barrier
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctaury in Bihar
66.
67. Crocodile
Cold blooded creatures
No alligators in India
Instead 3 species of crocodiles
◦Gharial
◦Mugger
◦Saltwater Crocodile
74. Sea Turtle Conservation Project
mainly Olive Ridley Turtles
◦Comes to nest & lay eggs on the eastern coast of India in winter
GoI + UNDP, in 1999
Implemented across 10 states ith special emphasis in Odisha
Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha
75.
76. Indian Rhinoceros
One horned Rhino
Around 3000 in the world,
>2000 in Assam, mainly Kaziranga
Indian Rhino Vision 2020
◦to increase Rhino population in Assam to 3000 by 2020, distributed over at least 7 Protected Areas to ensure long term viability