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BILL NICHOLS MODES
Bill Nichols is a film critic and theoretician who
established the study of documentary film now
coined as ”The modes of Documentaries”. The
study was created in his 1991 book called
Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts
in Documentary. It was considered revolutionary
in how it applied current film theory to the genre
of documentary films. Furthermore, in 2010 Bill
Nichols published the book Introduction to
Documentary. The book incorporated details on
how a film audience should view a documentary
and expanded on the six different modes Nichols
had earlier created during his career.
WHO IS BILL NICHOLS?
Within poetic mode, a particular mood or atmosphere is trying to be created
within the documentary, with characters and events surrounding the film
remain undeveloped for the viewer. A poetic mode will use shots that are
unrelated but my be related in what it is trying to produce. For example, if a
poetic mode documentary is trying to explore what a hot day is like in New
York, it will have shots that illustrate that point, yet will be unrelated to one
another and may not be used to create a narrative.
POETIC MODE
This Documentary mode is mainly reflected by its continuous use of rhetoric
rather than the visual storytelling that is portrayed within other Nichols
Modes. The film is usually trying to create an argument through a running
subjective viewpoint spread throughout the films narrative, and is mainly use
as a persuasive piece in order for the viewer to also champion the views being
expressed.
EXPOSITORY MODE
The involves the filmmaker becoming the centre point of the documentary.
The filmmaker will guide the audience through the documentary, being visible
and present on screen as he/she interacts with interviewees as well as being
present within things like Vox Pops. This Mode essentially uses the
documentarian as the subject of the documentary, whilst also arguing on a
subject such as video game violence or gun violence within the documentary
through their participation.
PARTICIPATORY MODE
Documentaries that tend to use the observational mode tend to simply
observe the situation that the film is about. An observational documentary
will tend to be based on events that will be interesting to a mainstream
audience. This can include events such as festivals, natural disasters and
political events. In observational mode, the camera is used as the narrator and
the narrative is that of documenting the event so it is informative for the
viewer.
OBSERVATIONAL MODE
Reflexive documentaries are self aware documentaries. The documentaries
show the process of how documentaries are constructed in order to receive a
certain idea and how “truth” is perpetrated through the course f the
documentary.
REFLEXIVE MODE
Whilst similar to Participatory Mode, the performative is different in that the
participatory mode attempts to create truths about subject matters that they
may not have necessarily any thing in common with, whilst the performative
mode centres around a subject that is personal to the documentarian. The
films that use performative mode are usually abstract when it comes to the
visual aesthetic of the documentary.
PERFORMATIVE MODE

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Bill nichols modes update

  • 2. Bill Nichols is a film critic and theoretician who established the study of documentary film now coined as ”The modes of Documentaries”. The study was created in his 1991 book called Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary. It was considered revolutionary in how it applied current film theory to the genre of documentary films. Furthermore, in 2010 Bill Nichols published the book Introduction to Documentary. The book incorporated details on how a film audience should view a documentary and expanded on the six different modes Nichols had earlier created during his career. WHO IS BILL NICHOLS?
  • 3. Within poetic mode, a particular mood or atmosphere is trying to be created within the documentary, with characters and events surrounding the film remain undeveloped for the viewer. A poetic mode will use shots that are unrelated but my be related in what it is trying to produce. For example, if a poetic mode documentary is trying to explore what a hot day is like in New York, it will have shots that illustrate that point, yet will be unrelated to one another and may not be used to create a narrative. POETIC MODE
  • 4. This Documentary mode is mainly reflected by its continuous use of rhetoric rather than the visual storytelling that is portrayed within other Nichols Modes. The film is usually trying to create an argument through a running subjective viewpoint spread throughout the films narrative, and is mainly use as a persuasive piece in order for the viewer to also champion the views being expressed. EXPOSITORY MODE
  • 5. The involves the filmmaker becoming the centre point of the documentary. The filmmaker will guide the audience through the documentary, being visible and present on screen as he/she interacts with interviewees as well as being present within things like Vox Pops. This Mode essentially uses the documentarian as the subject of the documentary, whilst also arguing on a subject such as video game violence or gun violence within the documentary through their participation. PARTICIPATORY MODE
  • 6. Documentaries that tend to use the observational mode tend to simply observe the situation that the film is about. An observational documentary will tend to be based on events that will be interesting to a mainstream audience. This can include events such as festivals, natural disasters and political events. In observational mode, the camera is used as the narrator and the narrative is that of documenting the event so it is informative for the viewer. OBSERVATIONAL MODE
  • 7. Reflexive documentaries are self aware documentaries. The documentaries show the process of how documentaries are constructed in order to receive a certain idea and how “truth” is perpetrated through the course f the documentary. REFLEXIVE MODE
  • 8. Whilst similar to Participatory Mode, the performative is different in that the participatory mode attempts to create truths about subject matters that they may not have necessarily any thing in common with, whilst the performative mode centres around a subject that is personal to the documentarian. The films that use performative mode are usually abstract when it comes to the visual aesthetic of the documentary. PERFORMATIVE MODE