This document describes a study that developed a mobile sensing system to accurately estimate caloric expenditure for bicyclists using only a smartphone. The system uses the phone's accelerometer to sense cadence instead of an external sensor. It also uses elevation data from the USGS and fits/smooths it to correct for errors from bridges. The system was evaluated against hardware sensors using 70 bike trips from 20 volunteers. Results showed the software-based system achieved comparable accuracy to methods using external sensors for estimating calories burned during cycling.
Proyecto A Gran Escala Hydromentia PresentationH2RAmbiental
This document discusses phosphorus and nitrogen treatment alternatives for improving water quality in Lake Okeechobee and surrounding areas. It describes the performance of managed aquatic plant systems (MAPS) like algal turf scrubbers (ATS) and water hyacinth scrubbers (WHS) in removing phosphorus and nitrogen from water. MAPS systems have proven effective at nutrient removal and generate biomass that can be used to produce compost for agricultural markets. The document argues that centralized MAPS regional treatment systems could help meet total maximum daily load regulations in a more cost-effective way than other options like storage reservoirs or treatment wetlands.
The document analyzes the effectiveness of the 2pi Traffic System compared to a typical intersection using traffic studies from 2006 as a baseline. It summarizes the key features of the 2pi system which eliminates conflicts for left-turning vehicles by diverting them in advance. The study models traffic conditions at 10 intersections along Nobel Drive in 2030, finding the 2pi configuration improves traffic flow with an average delay of 11.3 seconds and LOS C compared to longer delays under current intersection designs. Measures of effectiveness like delay time, queue length and LOS are provided for the first two intersections analyzed and indicate benefits from using the 2pi system.
My talk slides at IEEE PerCom 2013. Link to paper: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=6526708
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6815752
This document provides an overview of a project to create a responsive lighting installation on the Harvard Bridge connecting Cambridge and Boston using programmable LED lights. The installation would respond to pedestrian movement detected by sensors. It discusses the technical details of the lighting system including LED strips, diffusers, power supplies and networking. It also proposes developing a pattern book of responsive city lighting concepts and scenarios to guide future lighting product and system design.
This document summarizes a presentation on good urbanism and fronting the public right of way. It includes:
1) An overview of the presentation given by Dr. Suja Lowenthal on the City of Long Beach's process to create a downtown plan through extensive community visioning and input. This resulted in design principles and an increased focus on walkability.
2) A description of the Long Beach visioning process led by Michael Bohn, which included community workshops and comparative city studies to create a vision statement and preliminary design concepts.
3) The presentation was part of a larger event on good urbanism and fronting the public right of way, with the third presenter being Stephanie Reich from
Request for proposal(RFP) Design project-Singapore-The Future City 2010Anup Jalan
This document is a request for proposal from Scintillus Global Media Pte. Ltd. for a design project to create a coordinated urban street furniture suite for Singapore. The scope of work involves conceptualizing and designing transit shelters that balance aesthetics and technology, along with additional street furniture elements like benches, bins, booths, etc. that follow the same design principles. The design brief calls for the transit shelters to bring together people, technology, and the environment through adaptability, sensing, responsiveness, and interactivity to outshine and outdo the competition. Key considerations for the design include creativity, consistency, modularity, utility, interactivity, and durability.
Sustainability and Urban Art: an Arduino Prototyping Experimentmelissazynda
The document summarizes a student project that created an interactive public art installation to promote sustainable transportation practices. The students developed concepts, created low-fidelity prototypes, and ultimately built an Arduino-powered light sculpture that detects pedestrian and vehicle traffic and changes color accordingly. The goal was to raise awareness of transportation impacts and encourage walking over driving through an engaging public art display.
Proyecto A Gran Escala Hydromentia PresentationH2RAmbiental
This document discusses phosphorus and nitrogen treatment alternatives for improving water quality in Lake Okeechobee and surrounding areas. It describes the performance of managed aquatic plant systems (MAPS) like algal turf scrubbers (ATS) and water hyacinth scrubbers (WHS) in removing phosphorus and nitrogen from water. MAPS systems have proven effective at nutrient removal and generate biomass that can be used to produce compost for agricultural markets. The document argues that centralized MAPS regional treatment systems could help meet total maximum daily load regulations in a more cost-effective way than other options like storage reservoirs or treatment wetlands.
The document analyzes the effectiveness of the 2pi Traffic System compared to a typical intersection using traffic studies from 2006 as a baseline. It summarizes the key features of the 2pi system which eliminates conflicts for left-turning vehicles by diverting them in advance. The study models traffic conditions at 10 intersections along Nobel Drive in 2030, finding the 2pi configuration improves traffic flow with an average delay of 11.3 seconds and LOS C compared to longer delays under current intersection designs. Measures of effectiveness like delay time, queue length and LOS are provided for the first two intersections analyzed and indicate benefits from using the 2pi system.
My talk slides at IEEE PerCom 2013. Link to paper: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=6526708
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6815752
This document provides an overview of a project to create a responsive lighting installation on the Harvard Bridge connecting Cambridge and Boston using programmable LED lights. The installation would respond to pedestrian movement detected by sensors. It discusses the technical details of the lighting system including LED strips, diffusers, power supplies and networking. It also proposes developing a pattern book of responsive city lighting concepts and scenarios to guide future lighting product and system design.
This document summarizes a presentation on good urbanism and fronting the public right of way. It includes:
1) An overview of the presentation given by Dr. Suja Lowenthal on the City of Long Beach's process to create a downtown plan through extensive community visioning and input. This resulted in design principles and an increased focus on walkability.
2) A description of the Long Beach visioning process led by Michael Bohn, which included community workshops and comparative city studies to create a vision statement and preliminary design concepts.
3) The presentation was part of a larger event on good urbanism and fronting the public right of way, with the third presenter being Stephanie Reich from
Request for proposal(RFP) Design project-Singapore-The Future City 2010Anup Jalan
This document is a request for proposal from Scintillus Global Media Pte. Ltd. for a design project to create a coordinated urban street furniture suite for Singapore. The scope of work involves conceptualizing and designing transit shelters that balance aesthetics and technology, along with additional street furniture elements like benches, bins, booths, etc. that follow the same design principles. The design brief calls for the transit shelters to bring together people, technology, and the environment through adaptability, sensing, responsiveness, and interactivity to outshine and outdo the competition. Key considerations for the design include creativity, consistency, modularity, utility, interactivity, and durability.
Sustainability and Urban Art: an Arduino Prototyping Experimentmelissazynda
The document summarizes a student project that created an interactive public art installation to promote sustainable transportation practices. The students developed concepts, created low-fidelity prototypes, and ultimately built an Arduino-powered light sculpture that detects pedestrian and vehicle traffic and changes color accordingly. The goal was to raise awareness of transportation impacts and encourage walking over driving through an engaging public art display.
The document summarizes a student research project studying how students use public spaces at California State University, Long Beach. The students observed 7 areas on campus, noting what activities occurred in each space. They found that spaces with commerce, nature, and transportation uses like walkways tended to be most popular. The researchers concluded campus spaces generally reflected William Whyte's theory that combining greenery, seating, and diversity of uses creates successful public spaces. They suggested potential design improvements like adding roundabout fountains and trees to underused plazas.
Tactical Urbanism, Lecture by Arvind Ramachandran, 7 July 2013Sochi - peshkom
Arvind Ramachandran introduces the concept of "Everyday Urbanism" which encourages building cities incrementally through small-scale citizen-driven projects rather than large master plans. Everyday Urbanism recognizes cities as complex entities shaped by many forces and argues a bottom-up approach improves city life without massive investment. Examples of Everyday Urbanism projects include parklets in LA, a participatory park in Copenhagen, and public toilets designed with citizen input in Chennai.
Lupercales Project: Lighting Up Urban Tactics - IALD Enlighten Europe 2014 Pr...Alberto Barberá
This document discusses three case studies of participatory lighting design projects:
1) A park with no nighttime lighting where context analysis and learning by doing were used.
2) "IlluminActions" which involved pre-production, design processes, and a participatory student workshop to install lighting at Fabra i Coats.
3) "Melpilight" which was a 12-month process involving discussions, virtual visualizations, workshops, and a mock-up to design lighting for a square in Melpignano, Italy and regenerate the space.
This document summarizes and compares two experimental urbanism projects - Civano in Arizona, USA and Auroville in India - that aimed to develop sustainable communities through green design approaches. Civano's master plan focused on reducing energy/water consumption and automobile dependence through compact, mixed-use development connected by walking/biking paths. Auroville addressed broader issues like organic food, renewable energy, construction materials, and pollution through community-level experiments in architecture, planning and governance. Both projects demonstrate how pedestrian-prioritized design, renewable technologies, and local resource management can foster more sustainable urban forms.
With Urban Spirits, French digital art pioneer Judith Darmont creates both digital street art and an interactive toolbox for urbanites and urbanists. Ephemeral, temporary and permanent art as a poetic and video arty proposition to deal with the urban space issue. 1\EPHEMERAL ART. Touring metropolis, intimate & mobile screenings turn out the street into an improvised theater.
2\TEMPORARY ART. URBAN SPIRITS CITY TOUR takes you to a virtual exhibition in town;
a smartphone apps with augmented reality, to reveal a dematerialized exhibition.
A contemporary art city tour to undergo.
3\PERMANENT ART with a DIGITAL SCULPTURE, a smart urban furniture to display and connect the Urban Spirits.
Reston Town Center is a mixed-use development in Fairfax County, Virginia that serves as a downtown for the surrounding community. It includes shopping, dining, offices, residences, a hotel, and entertainment. The development has been very successful, attracting over 300,000 visitors each year to its events and public spaces. It was carefully planned according to the original vision for Reston as an urban core and has received many awards for its design and mixed-use approach. Reston Town Center serves as an active gathering place and destination for both visitors and local residents.
Bangalore Cycling Inclusive Planning 31 Jan 09Mayank Rungta
The urban planning if done well can change the face of a city. Such an example has been set in Nanded which can be replicated elsewhere by encouraging Non Motorized Vehicels (NMVs) like cycles, etc.
The document discusses visual analysis methods for understanding urban spaces. It provides examples of how Michelangelo analyzed Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome through its proportions, axis, and use of levels. It also discusses how the Taj Mahal achieves symmetry, highlights the importance of the building through its minarets and dome, and uses white marble and water reflections to symbolize purity. Visual analysis examines the form, function, and cultural meaning of urban components through techniques like morphological analysis, serial vision studies, and understanding the historical context and urban experience.
The document discusses the artist Arman Mall's career path and inspiration for starting street art. After working as an architect and painter for 15 years, he struggled to find exhibition spaces for his work. He became immersed in the abstract and surreal worlds of his canvases. This led him to the idea of doing street art as a way to show his work publicly. His first street pieces aimed to bring urban elements to life in a fast, clever way since creating street art was illegal at the time.
This document outlines an urban hike with the objectives of exercising the mind, body and spirit through observing natural beauty, elevating the heart rate with a brisk walk, and acknowledging a higher power. Key sights noted along the hike include the Santa Monica stairs, sustainable architecture, a farmers market with pink peonies, and a front yard fountain described as "Zen". The overall message is that the hike aims to find happiness and gratitude through thoughtful observations.
This document provides a business report for a company that created a stack of pocket-sized, detachable cards called WHATIF to introduce people to their local area in a fun, interactive way. It describes the team members, product and service, competition, what makes WHATIF unique, customer segments and market research, key activities and partners, branding strategy, legal considerations, profit and loss statement, challenges, and conclusion. The report evaluates the company's first iteration and what they learned.
Bold City: Students rethink the bus stationfuturecapetown
The document presents the design for The Loop Station by a team. It aims to improve, create, and connect public spaces by developing the existing bus terminus in Claremont. The design takes advantage of the site being situated in a transit hub. It addresses various site constraints and opportunities. The concept involves pods and a roof structure to activate currently dead spaces and create a public square. Renderings and plans depict the proposed design in 2030, showing how it could connect spaces and act as a catalyst for urban upliftment in the surrounding area.
The document profiles the urban design and street furniture work of Sertac Mustafaoglu. It highlights several of his projects including the Milliarium Kiosk designed for latest automation technologies, the Marisus Collection designed for European cities consisting of various street furniture items, two bus shelter models installed in Macau, the Lucidus Kiosk produced in three sizes for indoor and outdoor use in Romania, bakery kiosks designed as points-of-sale across Turkey, the Aqua Collection with water-theme street furniture designed for Mumbai, the Eagle Kiosk designed to maximize display space in Croatia, redesigning the Ruch Kiosk to optimize functionality and sales in Poland, four shortlisted bus
Tactical Urbanism is the small scale- and usually low cost- implementation of urban improvements in the public space. It helps revitalize unused and derelict areas of the city, build community, provide alternative ways of cultural experience. I believe we need more of it. I was inspired by Street Plans Collaborative (streetplans.org/) from USA, David Barrie from UK (davidbarrie.typepad.com/), BMW Guggenheim Lab, and Lithuanian NGO Laimikis.lt. Thanks and looking forward to your comments and feedback. Let's rock the city!
부동산 대박을 꿈꾸며 토건 개발식 도시계획을 다수가 지지하는 한 도시는 점점 삭막해지고 삶의 근거들은 파괴된다. 밑으로부터(Bottom Up) 시민에 의해 전개되는 도시계획은 도시에 공동체와 진정한 교류와 소통의 사건이 일어나는 공공 장소를 만들어 낸다. 유럽 주요 도시들에서 전개된 주요 사례들을 밀도 있게 보여주는 전자북이다. 이제 자본과 권력이 강제하며 서민의 삶을 몰아내는 도시개발은 중단되길 바란다. 이런 희망을 공유하는 이들을 위한 전자북
Taking the Bull by the Horns with Reliability Centered Maintenance - Trino Pe...marcus evans Network
Trino Pedraza, New Braunfels Utilities - Speaker at the marcus evans Water & Wastewater Management Summit 2012, held in Summerlin, NV, May 3-4, 2012, delivered his presentation on the topic Taking the Bull by the Horns with Reliability Centered Maintenance
Physical activity is challenging to measure due to its complex, variable, and error-prone nature. Self-reports provide detailed information but have low accuracy, while objective monitors provide precise measurements but have limitations. Overall, both self-reports and objective monitors are needed to fully understand physical activity patterns and their relationships to health outcomes in large epidemiological studies.
Power is defined physically as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is an important determinant of exercise performance and physiological responses. While heart rate monitoring can be used to guide training, it has several limitations as the relationship between heart rate and power output can vary based on many internal and external factors. Direct power measurement using a power meter provides a more accurate and consistent way to monitor training intensity and efficacy. However, power output displays stochastic, or random, fluctuations that need to be analyzed and understood to optimize training.
This document discusses challenges in accurately measuring greenhouse gas emissions and NIST's activities to address these challenges. NIST is working to develop measurement standards and technologies to better quantify greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from various sources and across different scales. This includes research on instrumentation, spectroscopic data, modeling protocols, and establishing traceability to the International System of Units. The goal is to provide the measurement foundation necessary to support greenhouse gas monitoring, reporting, and verification activities.
The document summarizes a student research project studying how students use public spaces at California State University, Long Beach. The students observed 7 areas on campus, noting what activities occurred in each space. They found that spaces with commerce, nature, and transportation uses like walkways tended to be most popular. The researchers concluded campus spaces generally reflected William Whyte's theory that combining greenery, seating, and diversity of uses creates successful public spaces. They suggested potential design improvements like adding roundabout fountains and trees to underused plazas.
Tactical Urbanism, Lecture by Arvind Ramachandran, 7 July 2013Sochi - peshkom
Arvind Ramachandran introduces the concept of "Everyday Urbanism" which encourages building cities incrementally through small-scale citizen-driven projects rather than large master plans. Everyday Urbanism recognizes cities as complex entities shaped by many forces and argues a bottom-up approach improves city life without massive investment. Examples of Everyday Urbanism projects include parklets in LA, a participatory park in Copenhagen, and public toilets designed with citizen input in Chennai.
Lupercales Project: Lighting Up Urban Tactics - IALD Enlighten Europe 2014 Pr...Alberto Barberá
This document discusses three case studies of participatory lighting design projects:
1) A park with no nighttime lighting where context analysis and learning by doing were used.
2) "IlluminActions" which involved pre-production, design processes, and a participatory student workshop to install lighting at Fabra i Coats.
3) "Melpilight" which was a 12-month process involving discussions, virtual visualizations, workshops, and a mock-up to design lighting for a square in Melpignano, Italy and regenerate the space.
This document summarizes and compares two experimental urbanism projects - Civano in Arizona, USA and Auroville in India - that aimed to develop sustainable communities through green design approaches. Civano's master plan focused on reducing energy/water consumption and automobile dependence through compact, mixed-use development connected by walking/biking paths. Auroville addressed broader issues like organic food, renewable energy, construction materials, and pollution through community-level experiments in architecture, planning and governance. Both projects demonstrate how pedestrian-prioritized design, renewable technologies, and local resource management can foster more sustainable urban forms.
With Urban Spirits, French digital art pioneer Judith Darmont creates both digital street art and an interactive toolbox for urbanites and urbanists. Ephemeral, temporary and permanent art as a poetic and video arty proposition to deal with the urban space issue. 1\EPHEMERAL ART. Touring metropolis, intimate & mobile screenings turn out the street into an improvised theater.
2\TEMPORARY ART. URBAN SPIRITS CITY TOUR takes you to a virtual exhibition in town;
a smartphone apps with augmented reality, to reveal a dematerialized exhibition.
A contemporary art city tour to undergo.
3\PERMANENT ART with a DIGITAL SCULPTURE, a smart urban furniture to display and connect the Urban Spirits.
Reston Town Center is a mixed-use development in Fairfax County, Virginia that serves as a downtown for the surrounding community. It includes shopping, dining, offices, residences, a hotel, and entertainment. The development has been very successful, attracting over 300,000 visitors each year to its events and public spaces. It was carefully planned according to the original vision for Reston as an urban core and has received many awards for its design and mixed-use approach. Reston Town Center serves as an active gathering place and destination for both visitors and local residents.
Bangalore Cycling Inclusive Planning 31 Jan 09Mayank Rungta
The urban planning if done well can change the face of a city. Such an example has been set in Nanded which can be replicated elsewhere by encouraging Non Motorized Vehicels (NMVs) like cycles, etc.
The document discusses visual analysis methods for understanding urban spaces. It provides examples of how Michelangelo analyzed Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome through its proportions, axis, and use of levels. It also discusses how the Taj Mahal achieves symmetry, highlights the importance of the building through its minarets and dome, and uses white marble and water reflections to symbolize purity. Visual analysis examines the form, function, and cultural meaning of urban components through techniques like morphological analysis, serial vision studies, and understanding the historical context and urban experience.
The document discusses the artist Arman Mall's career path and inspiration for starting street art. After working as an architect and painter for 15 years, he struggled to find exhibition spaces for his work. He became immersed in the abstract and surreal worlds of his canvases. This led him to the idea of doing street art as a way to show his work publicly. His first street pieces aimed to bring urban elements to life in a fast, clever way since creating street art was illegal at the time.
This document outlines an urban hike with the objectives of exercising the mind, body and spirit through observing natural beauty, elevating the heart rate with a brisk walk, and acknowledging a higher power. Key sights noted along the hike include the Santa Monica stairs, sustainable architecture, a farmers market with pink peonies, and a front yard fountain described as "Zen". The overall message is that the hike aims to find happiness and gratitude through thoughtful observations.
This document provides a business report for a company that created a stack of pocket-sized, detachable cards called WHATIF to introduce people to their local area in a fun, interactive way. It describes the team members, product and service, competition, what makes WHATIF unique, customer segments and market research, key activities and partners, branding strategy, legal considerations, profit and loss statement, challenges, and conclusion. The report evaluates the company's first iteration and what they learned.
Bold City: Students rethink the bus stationfuturecapetown
The document presents the design for The Loop Station by a team. It aims to improve, create, and connect public spaces by developing the existing bus terminus in Claremont. The design takes advantage of the site being situated in a transit hub. It addresses various site constraints and opportunities. The concept involves pods and a roof structure to activate currently dead spaces and create a public square. Renderings and plans depict the proposed design in 2030, showing how it could connect spaces and act as a catalyst for urban upliftment in the surrounding area.
The document profiles the urban design and street furniture work of Sertac Mustafaoglu. It highlights several of his projects including the Milliarium Kiosk designed for latest automation technologies, the Marisus Collection designed for European cities consisting of various street furniture items, two bus shelter models installed in Macau, the Lucidus Kiosk produced in three sizes for indoor and outdoor use in Romania, bakery kiosks designed as points-of-sale across Turkey, the Aqua Collection with water-theme street furniture designed for Mumbai, the Eagle Kiosk designed to maximize display space in Croatia, redesigning the Ruch Kiosk to optimize functionality and sales in Poland, four shortlisted bus
Tactical Urbanism is the small scale- and usually low cost- implementation of urban improvements in the public space. It helps revitalize unused and derelict areas of the city, build community, provide alternative ways of cultural experience. I believe we need more of it. I was inspired by Street Plans Collaborative (streetplans.org/) from USA, David Barrie from UK (davidbarrie.typepad.com/), BMW Guggenheim Lab, and Lithuanian NGO Laimikis.lt. Thanks and looking forward to your comments and feedback. Let's rock the city!
부동산 대박을 꿈꾸며 토건 개발식 도시계획을 다수가 지지하는 한 도시는 점점 삭막해지고 삶의 근거들은 파괴된다. 밑으로부터(Bottom Up) 시민에 의해 전개되는 도시계획은 도시에 공동체와 진정한 교류와 소통의 사건이 일어나는 공공 장소를 만들어 낸다. 유럽 주요 도시들에서 전개된 주요 사례들을 밀도 있게 보여주는 전자북이다. 이제 자본과 권력이 강제하며 서민의 삶을 몰아내는 도시개발은 중단되길 바란다. 이런 희망을 공유하는 이들을 위한 전자북
Taking the Bull by the Horns with Reliability Centered Maintenance - Trino Pe...marcus evans Network
Trino Pedraza, New Braunfels Utilities - Speaker at the marcus evans Water & Wastewater Management Summit 2012, held in Summerlin, NV, May 3-4, 2012, delivered his presentation on the topic Taking the Bull by the Horns with Reliability Centered Maintenance
Physical activity is challenging to measure due to its complex, variable, and error-prone nature. Self-reports provide detailed information but have low accuracy, while objective monitors provide precise measurements but have limitations. Overall, both self-reports and objective monitors are needed to fully understand physical activity patterns and their relationships to health outcomes in large epidemiological studies.
Power is defined physically as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is an important determinant of exercise performance and physiological responses. While heart rate monitoring can be used to guide training, it has several limitations as the relationship between heart rate and power output can vary based on many internal and external factors. Direct power measurement using a power meter provides a more accurate and consistent way to monitor training intensity and efficacy. However, power output displays stochastic, or random, fluctuations that need to be analyzed and understood to optimize training.
This document discusses challenges in accurately measuring greenhouse gas emissions and NIST's activities to address these challenges. NIST is working to develop measurement standards and technologies to better quantify greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from various sources and across different scales. This includes research on instrumentation, spectroscopic data, modeling protocols, and establishing traceability to the International System of Units. The goal is to provide the measurement foundation necessary to support greenhouse gas monitoring, reporting, and verification activities.
This document discusses the design of a revolutionary new "Bio-Suit" system for exploration-class space missions. The Bio-Suit would use mechanical counterpressure rather than rigid pressure vessels, allowing for greater mobility and flexibility. It would also incorporate active materials and electro-mechanical assistance to augment an astronaut's capabilities. The document outlines various components of the Bio-Suit system and compares different active materials that could potentially be used to create the mechanical counterpressure. It emphasizes applying a systems-level, biomimetic approach to the design of the Bio-Suit.
Carbon Accounting in the Power Sector | Camilla Thomson and Samuel Chapmanicarb
This document summarizes an ICARB energy workshop on carbon accounting in the power sector. ICARB aims to create transparent, consistent, and accurate rules for carbon accounting that can be used by policymakers, academics, environmental managers, and others. The workshop discussed various carbon accounting guidelines and methods, including those from ISO, the GHG Protocol, and Defra. It also covered topics like system boundaries, treatment of capital emissions, output metrics, LCA software, data sources, and uncertainty. Developing a standardized framework and accreditation process could help improve comparability between carbon accounting studies.
The Helix 3000 is an exercise machine that provides a unique lateral figure 8 motion that works the entire leg and core. It has a small footprint and integrated wheels for easy mobility. The machine is compact, low maintenance, and self-powered, making it suitable for small spaces like fitness floors or group training. It delivers full-body results faster than other cardio machines through its exclusive lateral motion.
The Helix 3000 is an exercise machine that provides a unique lateral motion in a figure 8 pattern. It has a compact footprint and integrated wheels for mobility. The machine's lateral motion works the entire leg in 360 degrees as well as the core. It can deliver results comparable to strength training in just 30 minutes. The Helix has a low maintenance design and can be used for both individual workouts and small group training.
The document evaluates retrofitting an ice slurry thermal energy storage system for a large urban hospital's central chiller plant. Simulation results found the retrofit could reduce the hospital's peak demand by around 30% (2,000 kW), allowing a flatter monthly demand curve. An economic analysis estimated the retrofit could save over $235,000 annually in electricity costs and achieve a simple payback within 6 years.
This document provides an overview of solar electric or photovoltaic (PV) systems. It defines basic PV terminology and discusses how individual solar cells are connected together into modules and arrays. The document outlines key topics around solar industry status, different types of PV systems and applications, and introduces tools for analyzing solar systems. It also includes diagrams illustrating common system components and configurations.
The document summarizes the status of environmental flows (E-flows) in India and a study conducted by WWF-India to assess E-flows in the upper stretch of the River Ganga. It provides background on the concept of E-flows and highlights key initiatives in India. It then describes the building block methodology used in the Ganga study, conducted in partnership with hydrology, geomorphology, and other experts. The study identified four zones and representative sites to recommend maintenance flows based on filling out flow motivation forms. Results presented flows for zones 1 and 3 as a percentage of mean annual runoff to meet ecological needs.
This document provides an overview of electrical metering and monitoring systems. It discusses the importance of metering, what meters measure (energy usage, power demand, power quality issues), and where to install meters (incoming utility service, load equipment, alternative energy sources). It also provides examples of metering solutions, products, and how to understand the data collected by meters. The key information is that meters measure energy usage and power demand, help optimize energy usage, and provide data to understand electrical loads and power quality issues.
Black Bird Uav Initial Sizing Methadologyphilipasante1
The document discusses electric UAV sizing methodology by studying 8 existing UAVs. Key factors like weight, endurance, and power source were analyzed. It was found that piston engines are commonly used for UAVs of similar size. The document then examines design considerations for an electric UAV like wing configuration, motor and battery sizing calculations, and structural weight estimates to determine maximum takeoff weight. Next steps proposed include an optimization program to adjust design based on payload mass and performing stability and control analysis.
Trading Power and Performance to Achieve Optimal Thermal Design for Battery-P...Mark Benson
Presentation at Communications, Microsystems, Optoelectronics, and Sensors (CMOS) in Vancouver, BC, by Mark Benson on July 18th, 2012.
ABSTRACT: In embedded systems there is a science to choosing the right processor for a given design. Usually processors are chosen based on objective factors such as peripheral support, physical packaging, memory, architecture family, and software tools available.
This type of quantitative analysis lends itself well to spreadsheets and formulas that can help choose which processor is best.
However, for small high-performance battery-powered devices that have heavy processing requirements, thermal performance quickly becomes an urgent design issue to overcome and is often viewed as an elusive and opinion-fraught black-art.
Modeling, managing, and characterizing the efficient dissipation of heat in these types of devices is complex. Fortunately, there are new processors coming to the embedded marketplace that have advanced features for managing thermal performance.
This, combined with new advances in software modeling techniques and algorithms gives us a fresh playground to innovate new ways to manage thermals in a way that was not previously possible.
The document discusses the CycleTracks project, which collected GPS data from cyclists in San Francisco to understand their route choices. It summarizes who participated in CycleTracks and the types of data collected. The data was then used to estimate a bike route choice model and update SF-CHAMP, the travel demand model, to better represent bike travel and predict the effects of bike infrastructure projects.
This document describes the design and development of a gravity lamp that generates electricity from gravitational potential energy. It discusses concepts considered, including a spring-actuated mechanism, counterweight mechanism, and bicycle wheel mechanism. The bicycle wheel mechanism was selected for its practicality. The design uses a chain and sprocket connected to a bicycle rim to lower a weight in a controlled descent, rotating a shaft connected to a dynamo to generate electricity. Testing showed it could generate 3.5W of power, illuminating a small area for 4.45 minutes by lowering an 80kg weight 1.6 meters. While unable to meet all targets, it demonstrates generating electricity from gravity using inexpensive, locally available materials.
Similar to Accurate Caloric Expenditure of Bicyclists using Cellphones SenSys'12 (18)
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
Discover unparalleled creativity and technical prowess with India's leading web development companies. From custom solutions to e-commerce platforms, harness the expertise of skilled developers at competitive prices. Transform your digital presence, enhance the user experience, and propel your business to new heights with innovative solutions tailored to your needs, all from the heart of India's tech industry.
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
Technoblade The Legacy of a Minecraft Legend.Techno Merch
Technoblade, born Alex on June 1, 1999, was a legendary Minecraft YouTuber known for his sharp wit and exceptional PvP skills. Starting his channel in 2013, he gained nearly 11 million subscribers. His private battle with metastatic sarcoma ended in June 2022, but his enduring legacy continues to inspire millions.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
Accurate Caloric Expenditure of Bicyclists using Cellphones SenSys'12
1. Accurate Caloric Expenditure of Bicyclists
using Cellphones
Andong Zhan, Marcus Chang, Yin Chen, Andreas Terzis
Johns Hopkins University
1
2. Biking Renaissance
• A biking renaissance has been underway over the past
two decades in North America
Annual Bike Trips Daily Bike Commuters
(Millions) (Thousands)
766
6000 800
4081 468
600
4000
400
1272
2000 200
0 0
1977 2009 1980 2009
Pucher et al., Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling
trends and policies, Transportation Research Part A 45 (2011) 451-475
2
Introduction
3. Biking Renaissance (Cont’d)
The National Bicycling and Walking Study: 15-Year Status Report, May 2010
Pedestrain and Bicycle Information Center, U.S. Department of Transportation
3
Introduction
4. Go with Mobile
• Bikers’ cellphones become smarter
• Bikers start to use mobile apps to track their trips
– E.g., iMapMyRIDE, endomondo
• A important feature is to estimate caloric expenditure
4
Introduction
5. Estimate Caloric Expenditure
• However, current approach – search table – is not
accurate
101m
120Cal
50Cal
State of Wisconsin Department of Health and Family 20Cal
Services: Calories Burned Per Hour
70m
5
Introduction
6. Estimate Caloric Expenditure (Cont’d)
• How to track caloric expenditure accurately?
– Integrate more sensors!
– Pay more! money, battery, …, burden
Power meter Cadence sensor
Heart rate monitor
crankset
6
Introduction
7. Contribution
• We design and implement a modular mobile sensing
system to enable four major calorie estimators
• We introduce our “software method” on smartphone to
replace external “hardware sensors”
– Cadence:
• Cadence sensor phone-held accelerometer analysis
– Elevation:
• Pressure sensor fitted and smoothed USGS elevation
• Finally, we achieve the goal – accurately estimate caloric
expenditure with just one smartphone
7
Introduction
8. Caloric Estimators
1. Search Table
– Cal = f(speed, time, weight)
2. Heart Rate Monitor
– Cal = f(bpm, weight, age, time)
3. Cadence Sensing [AI-Haboubi et. al.]
– Cal = f(rpm, speed, weight)
Al-Haboubi et al., Modeling energy expenditure during
cycling, Ergonomics, 42:3:416-427, 1999
8
System Design
9. Caloric Estimators (Cont’d)
4. Power measurement [Martin et al.]
– Calorie is linear with the total amount of work to move
the combined mass of the bike and the biker
coefficient of rolling resistance
slope
Wind velocity
coefficient of aerodynamic drag
Martin et al., Validation of a Mathematical Model for Road Cycling Power. Journal
of Applied Physiology, 82:345, 2000.
9
System Design
11. Data collection
• 15 bike routes around Route Dist. (km) Road Conditions
R1 1.5 Neighborhood, uphill
JHU campus R2 2.1 Neighborhood, uphill
• Each can be completed R3 0.8 Neighborhood, downhill
within 20 min R4 0.8 Neighborhood, uphill
R5 2.1 Neighborhood, downhill
• Stable weather R6 1.1 Neighborhood, downhill
condition SMDN& 1.5 Woods, river valley, ups and
SMDS downs, winding path
• sample GPS, heart SMDC 2.4 Woods, river valley, ups and
downs, winding path
rate, and pressure
DL 2.5 Lakeside, flat, open field
sensor once per WW 1.7 Bridges, ups and downs
second WE 1.7 Bridges, ups and downs
JHU
• Accelerometer sample HJ 2.9 Neighborhood, bridge, downhill
JH 2.9 Neighborhood, bridge, uphill
rate at 50 Hz
C 3.9 Flat, circle, open field
11
System Design
12. Cadence Sensing in the Pocket
• Get rpm from raw accelerometer data
T1 T2 T3
Step 1. 2. applyk-means to cluster getget the derivative the amplitude of
Step 3.remove a low-pass filter and the axis with the of the data
Step utilize T1 vibrations and two types based on largest variance
the immediately previous peak
12
System Design
13. Elevation measurement
• Where to get elevation?
– Pressure sensor
– GPS
– U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
– Google
“bridge error”
13
System Design
14. Elevation measurement (Cont’d)
• Fitting
– Fit (x, y) to the most likely road in
OpenStreetMap
• Smoothing
– Use a robust local regression
method: fit to a quadratic
polynomial model with robust
weights: Bridge error is corrected by
smoothing
14
System Design
15. Evaluation
• Hardware sensors vs. software
approaches
– Cadence sensor vs. Accelerometer sensing
in the pocket
– Pressure sensor vs. Elevation services
• Caloric expenditure estimation for multiple
bikers
15
Evaluation
16. Cadence sensing
• Use cadence sensor as ground truth
• 29 traces collected by two volunteers
– Total length is 30.3 km
– Total 5,377 revolutions
Relative error per trip (%) 0.19 1.59
Error per kilometer -0.09 3.40
• The relative error is less than 2%
• The error per km is less than 4 revolutions
16
Evaluation
17. Elevation services
• 15 traces on 12 routes from Mar. to Apr. 2012
• Total of 4,780 GPS and pressure sample pairs
Elevation Service R RMS
(m)
USGS 0.9993 0.9
USGS fitted 0.9995 0.7
USGS fitted & smoothed 0.9997 0.6
Google 0.9957 2.4
Google fitted 0.9958 2.4
Google fitted & smoothed 0.9960 2.3
GPS 0.9540 39
• 95% of USGS’s RMS are less than 1.2 m
• 95% of Google’s RMS are less than 5.4 m
17
Evaluation
18. Caloric Expenditure Estimation for
Multiple Bikers
• Use Heart Rate Monitor as ground truth
• Compare calories estimated from Search table
(TAB), Cadence sensing (CAD), and power
measurement (USGS+FSW)
• Recruited 20 volunteers from JHU
– Wear a heart rate strap + a smartphone in the pocket
– 17 male and 3 female
– Age from 24 to 32, weight from 110 to 175 lbs.
• Calibrated 8 bikes
– 3 road, 4 cruiser, and 1 mountain bikes
– Cr = 0.07 ~ 0.21, Ca = 0.26
• Collect 70 trips during one week
– At least 3 trips for each volunteer
18
Evaluation
19. Flat route: Druid Lake
• 2.5 km flat circular bike lane
• Collected 10 trips from 7 bikers
19
Evaluation
20. Route: Roland 1 & 6
106m
70m
• 1.8 km, cross neighborhood
• Uphill and downhill path
20
Evaluation
21. Route: Roland 1, uphill
Both CAD and TAB fail to provide an accurate caloric expenditure estimation for uphill trips
21
Evaluation
22. Route: Roland 6, downhill
USGS+FSW adapt to both uphill and downhill trips
22
Evaluation
23. Route: St. Martin Dr.
• A winding road along with
a river valley
• The elevation difference
between two sides of the
road can be 10 meters
• 11 trips across 8 bikers
23
Evaluation
24. Route: St. Martin Dr.
Fitting method eliminates most of the errors in this situation
24
Evaluation
25. Route: Wyman Park
• Cross two bridges: 140, and 67 meters long
25
Evaluation
27. Overall – 70 Trips
USGS+FSW achieves the lowest error with lowest variance
27
Evaluation
28. Reducing GPS Power Consumption
• Duty-cycling the GPS receiver
*
*Fang et. al., EnAcq: energy-efficient GPS trajectory data acquisition
based on improved map matching. In Proc. of GIS ‘11, 2011
28
Evaluation
30. Conclusion
• Just using a smartphone provides comparable
accuracy to the best methods that uses external
sensors
• Our work immediately gives millions of bikers a
zero-cost solution towards significantly improved
biking experiences
• The shift from physical to virtual or software
sensors will find other applications in quantifying
daily lives and activities
30
31. Acknowledgement
• We are grateful to 20 volunteers that participated
in the biking test
• Thanks to our shepherd Vijay Raghunathan and
the anonymous reviewers
• This work is partially supported by NSF and by
Google through a generous equipment gift
31
33. Q1: about innovation of
accelerometer sensing for biking
• Previous work, e.g., BikeNet, focuses on
activity classification
– Identify cycling, or walking, etc.
• Our work is different
– We assume the biker is biking, and try to
qualify the activity intensity, e.g., RPM.
33
34. Q2: about online or offline of our application
• In this work,
– Data collection is an online application
– Evaluation is done offline
• But, our approach can be implemented as
an online application
– The details is described on our paper
34
35. Q3: do you need to manually
smooth the bridge part of the data
• No, we use smoothing method on the
whole data/trace
• Since the smoothing method only ignores
outliers/bridge, it does not generate new
errors
• So we do not need to manually choose
bridge part to smooth, instead, we use
smooth on all data/trace.
35
Editor's Notes
A biking renaissance has been underway over the past two decades in North AmericaAs shown in Pucher et al.’s research, annual bike trips increase from 1272 millions in 1977 to 4081 millions in 2009. meanwhile, daily bike commuters increase from 468 thousands in 1980 to 766 thousands in 2009.
At the same time, there has been a large increase in funding for cycling and in the range and magnitude of pro-bike policies to promote cycling. Like the left figure shown, current federal pedestrian and bicycle funding is reach to $ 1,200 millions.Bikers receive more support from the government nowadays to ensure safe and enjoyable biking experience.
Along with this bicycling renaissance, more and more bikers are willing to travel with their mobile phones and use mobile apps to track their trips, e.g., iMapMyRIDE and endomondo. These trips can help bikers to trace their route, manage their workouts, and share their experience with friends. A important feature is to estimate caloric expenditure. It is also a key feedback to help bikers to quantify their exercises and keep fit.
However, current approach, we called “search table”, is not accurate.Left table is an example from state of Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services. With a input of your biking speed, weight and time, you can calculate how many calorie burned based on this table. But the problem is this table only shows the average caloric expenditure from statistical results. It will generate large errors especially the path is not flat.For example, we test it on a route between an author’s home and our department hall. The elevation difference is 31 meters. Because both the trip from home to school and the one from school to home takes around 10 minutes. Search table approach shows two trips burn similar calories, around 50 Cal. In fact, the biker feel exhausted after the trip from school to his home, while he during other trip, half of the trip he did not need to push the pedals. The caloric expenditure estimated by heart rate monitor shows the uphill route burns 120 Cal and the downhill only burns 20 Cal. Obviously, “search table” is not an ideal way.
- Power crankset: $1000+, for prosSo how to track caloric expenditure accurately?A straightforward approach is to integrate more sensors. But of course you need to pay more, including money, battery, … and other burden.For example, you have several choices in the market:One is power meter crankset, usually used by professionals, which can sense the work you have done on the pedal and send data back to your phone via bluetooth. However, one of this costs more than 1,000 dollars.The middle one is a heart rate monitor, which estimate your caloric expenditure based on your heart beat per minute. This technology has been widely used in indoor exercises and proved as an accurate approach for caloric expenditure estimation. While for outdoor exercise, e.g., biking, bikers need to wear the strap on their chest which is not comfortable and convenience. The last one shows a cadence sensor to sense the rpm, revolution per minute, which also can reflect the exercise intensity.In conclusion, it seems that the only way for bikers to get accurate caloric expenditure is to buy more hardware sensors. While, we don’t believe it! So we are thinking that:can we use just one smartphone without any accessories to accurately track caloric expenditure?Our answer is YES!!!
During the rest of this talk, I’m going to talk about how we find the final solution step by step and evaluate it with current approaches.
First of all, let me introduce the four caloric estimators for bikers:You may already know the first two estimatorsAs we mentioned in the introduction, the calorie expenditure is a function of biking speed, duration, and the biker’s weight. It can be easily implemented by using phone held GPS.The second one heart rate monitor is widely used in exercise to provide high accurate caloric expenditure estimation. The key input is the heart rate, i.e., beat per minute. The third one is to use cadence, i.e., pedal speed in revolution per minute, to estimate caloric expenditure.
The fourth one – power measurement – is a little bit different. The idea is that the calorie burned is linearly related to the total amount of work necessary to move the combined mass of the bike and biker from start to finish.So calorie burned can be indirectly calculated from power. Based on the law of Mechanics, power is equal to force times ground speed. To maintain a stable speed, the biker needs to generate a force equal to the total resistance which has following three components:Rolling resistance, gravity component on the moving direction, and aerodynamic drag.Based on Martin’s model, we need to know Cr, Ca, s (slope), T temperature, and wind velocity. Here Cr can be calibrated by rolling test and Ca we use the recommended value from UK’s cyclists organization. Temperature and wind velocity can be accessed from the web service of local weather station. The last key input we need to know is slope, which can get from elevation difference.
Now let’s see how our system can enable these four calorie estimators(Animation 1) For search table, a phone held GPS is enough. (Animation 2) For heart rate monitor, we need the biker to wear the strap on his chest. And the bpm will send back to his smartphone via bluetooth.(Animation 3-4) For cadence sensing, we need to know rpm. Rpm comes from our own built cadence sensor. It has two components: reed switch and magnet. Everytime when the magnet is close to the reed switch, the switch turns on, otherwise it is off. Based on this signal, we can count the revolutions and get rpm.(Animation 5-6) For power measurement, we use pressure sensor to get the elevation. The pressure sensor is connected with a mote via I2C. And the mote has a bluetooth module to send results to a paired phone. (Animation 7) a smartphone can mount on the bike or put in the pocket.Next, we will show we can replace the cadence sensor by the phone in the pocket as well as replace the pressure sensor by using USGS and Google Elevation service. So the cadence sensing and power measurement can be done by only using one smartphone.
Our data are collected from 15 bike routes around our campus …
Let’s first see how we generate rpm from the phone in the pocketThis figure shows how the raw accelerometer data looks like. We analyze it based on three types of vibrations:(Animation 1) it shows the type 1 vibration. It is generated when the biker is moving the phone in or out of the pocket. (Animation 2) T2 are the vibrations when the biker is pedaling. (Animation 3) while T3 is the vibrations even if the biker is not pedaling. T3 is generated from the vibration from the biker, e.g., turning, or the road, e.g., cross a bump. To get rpm, we need to remove t1 and t3. we show our approach step by step here:(Animation 4) step 1. remove T1 is easy. E.g., we can delete the data from first and the last 5 second. Or we can use the speed from GPS, i.e., delete data when the gps speed is 0. and to simplify the process, we only use the data from the axis with the largest variance.(Animation 5) since every revolution will generate a local maximum and minimum. So we calculate the first derivative of the acceleration signal after applying a low pass filter and detect the revolution by finding the zero crossing (from positive to negative) (Animation 6) zoom in to part of the data. To remove t3, we find that t2’s amplitude of the immediately previous peak is much larger than t3’s. so we apply k-means to cluster these two types by using the amplitude of the immediately previous peak as the only feature.Finally the number of t2 can be used as the number of revolutions.
Pressure: error within 2 mGPS: ?USGS: 3 m resolutionGoogle: 20 m resolutionPressure sensor: we use the international barometric formula to calculate elevation from barometric pressure. The error is within 2 meters. We attempt to use USGS or Google elevation service to replace the pressure sensor.Meanwhile, GPS also can provide elevation information but with much lower accuracy than USGS and Google.USGS: provide a http interface to request elevation. Its datasets cover all the United States with 10-meter resolution and 3-meter resolution for most of the densely populated areas. For example, USGS provides 3-meter resolution in the Baltimore metropolitan area.Google Elevation: only provides a 20-meter resolution for the same area.So we try all these elevation providers in a sample path, as shown in the left figure, it is evident that the elevation estimates from the pressure sensor, USGS, and Google are close to each other, while the directly measured GPS estimates are both and order of magnitude less accurate and precise.The most interesting part of this path is around the middle of the trip when the biker crossed a 10-meter long bridge. Let’s zoom in to see it.Obviously these there elevation estimates do not match. Why? Here, the elevation from the pressure sensor shows the real elevation. But USGS and Google provides the elevation of the terrain – i.e., the riverbed under the bridge -- not the road on the bridge. In addition, the elevation from Google are particularly inaccurate in this location due to the averaging effect generated by the database’s low resolution.The example shows if we want to get the same quality of elevation as pressure sensor, we have to do some post-processing on USGS or Google elevation, especially to fix bridge error
The figure shows after fitting and smoothing, usgs can match the elevation from pressure sensor. But due to the low quality of google elevation, the fitted and smoothed results for google is not that good.To minimize the elevation error. We introduce two processes:To minimize the GPS error, <longitude, latitude>, we first fit gps coordinates to the most likely road in openStreetMap.To fix bridge error, we use a robust local regression method to smooth the elevation traces. By using the method, the weight is not influenced by outliers, i.e., the weight of outliers wi will be 0.
(explain RMS here: root mean square error)After fitting and smoothing, 95% of USGS’s RMS are less than 1.2 m, while 95% of Google Elevation’s RMS are less than 5.4 m.
MedianUpper Quartile
When the figure comes out, explain: CAD: cadence sensing TAB: search table +F: fitting +S: smoothing +W: weather information, temperature and wind velocityAnimation 2: Even on a flat route like this one, the errors from CAD and TAB are more than three times higher than USGS+FSWAnimation 3: Google does not perform well because of the low elevation resolution, causing the elevation to be averaged with the lake.Animation 4: fitting and smoothing processes recover the outliers; and even the wind is not strong during all the trips, the wind correction decreases the variance compared to USGS+FS----- Meeting Notes (11/5/12 11:38) -----falt = flatRMS: error is in calories (30 = 30 calorie difference from ground truth, not 30% error)-> TODO: from andong, get absolute number
MedianUpper Quartile
This figure shows both CAD and TAB fail to provide an accurate caloric expenditure estimation for uphill trips, especially CAD.
TAB: overestimate calories in downhill tripsCAD: by sensing pedal speed, CAD avoids to overestimate calorie.USGS+FSW: still control the errors within a low range. So adapt to both uphill and downhill trips
MedianUpper Quartile
MedianUpper Quartile
MedianUpper Quartile
MedianUpper Quartile
Median decreases from 15 to 5Upper Quartile decreases form 50 to 20
in order to increase the usefulness of our caloric expenditure estimation approach, we investigate the impact of duty-cycling the GPS receiver on caloric expenditure accuracy.While duty-cycling the GPS means route features lose. To reconstruct the missing bike route points, we consider two cases: one is interpolation, i.e., generate missing points by interpolating between known points one is EnAcq algorithm, which is the state-of-the-art map matching and route reconstruction algorithmOur simulation shows by using simple interpolation, sampling interval can decrease to 15 seconds. While adopting EnAcq, sampling interval can decrease to 30 seconds without largely increase RMS.