BHEL training ppt
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The document summarizes the vocational training report of Shakti Kumar Singh at BHEL Haridwar. It describes the various blocks at BHEL Haridwar involved in manufacturing power equipment. Block 3 focuses on heavy machinery, turbine assembly, blades and steam turbines. It explains the working of impulse and reaction steam turbines. Different types of turbine blades for high, intermediate and low pressure turbines are discussed along with their sizes. The conclusion states that BHEL is a major contributor to industries in India and the summer training gave insights into steam turbine manufacturing processes.
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BHEL is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company in the energy sector. It manufactures steam turbines, which convert thermal energy from pressurized steam into rotational mechanical energy. Steam turbines are classified by the action of steam and include impulse, reaction, and combination turbines. They have high and low pressure sections with different sized blades made of materials like stainless steel or nickel alloys. BHEL's manufacturing process involves foundries, forging, and machine shops that produce turbine components like rotors, casings, and blades which are then assembled into complete steam turbines.
Steam turbine power plant
The document provides an overview of the major components of a steam power plant, including:
1. The boiler, which heats water into steam, and includes accessories like air preheaters, superheaters, and economizers.
2. The steam turbine, which is spun by the steam to drive an electrical generator.
3. The condenser, which condenses the steam from the turbine.
4. The feedwater pump, which pumps water back to the boiler to repeat the steam cycle.
Classification of steam Turbine
Steam turbines use the momentum of steam to generate rotary motion. They are classified based on the mode of steam action (impulse or reaction), steam flow direction (axial or radial), exhaust conditions (condensing or non-condensing), steam pressure (high, medium, low), and number of stages (single or multi-stage). An impulse turbine operates using the impulse of steam jets which impinge on turbine blades, changing the steam's direction and generating force. It consists of nozzles that direct high velocity steam onto blades attached to a circular runner, and a casing that contains these components.
Steam turbine
The document discusses steam turbines, including:
- Their basic principle of converting steam energy into rotational energy through fixed and moving blades in stages.
- The two main types: impulse turbines which use nozzles to direct steam onto rotor blades, and reaction turbines which use fixed blades to expand steam before it hits moving blades.
- Key components like the casing, rotor, blades, valves, bearings and gearbox.
- Common problems like stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and thermal fatigue.
- Impulse turbines use pressure drops in nozzles while reaction turbines utilize expanded steam from fixed blades.
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The document summarizes the Suratgarh thermal power station located in Rajasthan, India. It has a total installed capacity of 1500 MW generated across 6 stages. It uses coal from local mines to power steam turbines that generate electricity. Raw coal is pulverized and burns in the boiler furnace to heat water and create steam. This high-pressure steam powers the turbines which are connected to generators to produce electricity. The steam is reused through reheating and condensing in a closed loop system.
STEAM TURBINES AND ITS GOVERNINGS
This document discusses different types of steam turbines based on their operating principles and design. Steam turbines can be classified based on how steam expands through the turbine (impulse, reaction, or a combination), the number of pressure stages, the direction of steam flow, the number of cylinders, the method of governing steam flow, the steam conditions, and their application in stationary or non-stationary systems. Common types include impulse, reaction, and mixed-flow turbines. The document compares impulse and reaction turbines and discusses methods for reducing turbine speed under varying loads.
Steam turbine and its types
This document discusses the Rankine cycle, which is a thermodynamic cycle derived from the Carnot vapor power cycle. It consists of four processes: 1) Isobaric heat supply in the boiler where water is heated to high pressure steam, 2) Adiabatic expansion of the steam in a turbine to produce work, 3) Isobaric heat rejection in the condenser where the steam is condensed back to water, and 4) Adiabatic pumping of the condensate back to the boiler to complete the cycle. The heat and work transfers are also defined for each process.
THERMAL POWER GENERATION
Suratgarh Thermal Power Plant has a total installed capacity of 1500 MW and is located 27 km from Suratgarh town in Rajasthan. It has 6 stages of 250 MW coal power generation and 2 additional under construction stages of 660 MW each. The plant uses pulverized coal from local sources which is milled and fired into boilers to produce high pressure steam. This steam powers steam turbines which drive generators to produce electricity. The plant has won several national awards for its high performance standards.
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BHEL is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company in the energy sector. It manufactures steam turbines, which convert thermal energy from pressurized steam into rotational mechanical energy. Steam turbines are classified by the action of steam and include impulse, reaction, and combination turbines. They have high and low pressure sections with different sized blades made of materials like stainless steel or nickel alloys. BHEL's manufacturing process involves foundries, forging, and machine shops that produce turbine components like rotors, casings, and blades which are then assembled into complete steam turbines.
Steam turbine power plant
The document provides an overview of the major components of a steam power plant, including:
1. The boiler, which heats water into steam, and includes accessories like air preheaters, superheaters, and economizers.
2. The steam turbine, which is spun by the steam to drive an electrical generator.
3. The condenser, which condenses the steam from the turbine.
4. The feedwater pump, which pumps water back to the boiler to repeat the steam cycle.
Classification of steam Turbine
Steam turbines use the momentum of steam to generate rotary motion. They are classified based on the mode of steam action (impulse or reaction), steam flow direction (axial or radial), exhaust conditions (condensing or non-condensing), steam pressure (high, medium, low), and number of stages (single or multi-stage). An impulse turbine operates using the impulse of steam jets which impinge on turbine blades, changing the steam's direction and generating force. It consists of nozzles that direct high velocity steam onto blades attached to a circular runner, and a casing that contains these components.
Steam turbine
The document discusses steam turbines, including:
- Their basic principle of converting steam energy into rotational energy through fixed and moving blades in stages.
- The two main types: impulse turbines which use nozzles to direct steam onto rotor blades, and reaction turbines which use fixed blades to expand steam before it hits moving blades.
- Key components like the casing, rotor, blades, valves, bearings and gearbox.
- Common problems like stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and thermal fatigue.
- Impulse turbines use pressure drops in nozzles while reaction turbines utilize expanded steam from fixed blades.
Ppt
The document summarizes the Suratgarh thermal power station located in Rajasthan, India. It has a total installed capacity of 1500 MW generated across 6 stages. It uses coal from local mines to power steam turbines that generate electricity. Raw coal is pulverized and burns in the boiler furnace to heat water and create steam. This high-pressure steam powers the turbines which are connected to generators to produce electricity. The steam is reused through reheating and condensing in a closed loop system.
STEAM TURBINES AND ITS GOVERNINGS
This document discusses different types of steam turbines based on their operating principles and design. Steam turbines can be classified based on how steam expands through the turbine (impulse, reaction, or a combination), the number of pressure stages, the direction of steam flow, the number of cylinders, the method of governing steam flow, the steam conditions, and their application in stationary or non-stationary systems. Common types include impulse, reaction, and mixed-flow turbines. The document compares impulse and reaction turbines and discusses methods for reducing turbine speed under varying loads.
Steam turbine and its types
This document discusses the Rankine cycle, which is a thermodynamic cycle derived from the Carnot vapor power cycle. It consists of four processes: 1) Isobaric heat supply in the boiler where water is heated to high pressure steam, 2) Adiabatic expansion of the steam in a turbine to produce work, 3) Isobaric heat rejection in the condenser where the steam is condensed back to water, and 4) Adiabatic pumping of the condensate back to the boiler to complete the cycle. The heat and work transfers are also defined for each process.
THERMAL POWER GENERATION
Suratgarh Thermal Power Plant has a total installed capacity of 1500 MW and is located 27 km from Suratgarh town in Rajasthan. It has 6 stages of 250 MW coal power generation and 2 additional under construction stages of 660 MW each. The plant uses pulverized coal from local sources which is milled and fired into boilers to produce high pressure steam. This steam powers steam turbines which drive generators to produce electricity. The plant has won several national awards for its high performance standards.
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This document provides an overview of steam turbines, including their components, principles of operation, types, advantages, and disadvantages. A steam turbine converts thermal energy from pressurized steam into rotational mechanical energy. The main components are a casing, rotor, blades, valves, bearings and gearbox. There are two main types - impulse turbines which use nozzles to convert pressure to velocity, and reaction turbines which use stationary and moving blades for gradual pressure drop. Advantages include high efficiency, uniform power output, and lack of friction losses, while disadvantages include need for high speeds of operation and heavy components.
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Steam turbines work by converting the energy of expanding steam into rotational motion. They have several key components and come in two main types: impulse and reaction. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct high velocity steam onto turbine blades for impulse, while reaction turbines utilize both fixed and moving blades to expand steam. Common problems in steam turbines include stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, thermal fatigue, and pitting due to chemical attack from corrosive elements in the steam. Proper lubrication and preventing blade deterioration are important for optimizing steam turbine performance and lifespan.
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This document provides an overview of steam turbines and their manufacturing process at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL). It defines a steam turbine, describes the main types (impulse and reaction), and lists the key components. The turbines manufactured at BHEL include high, intermediate, and low pressure turbines. The document outlines the main machines used in the manufacturing process, such as milling machines and lathes, and describes the various working areas at BHEL involved in turbine production.
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This document presents information about steam turbines. It begins by defining a turbine as an engine that converts the energy of fluid into mechanical energy. It then describes the basic principles and components of steam turbines, including that steam energy is converted to mechanical work through expansion in a series of fixed and moving blades called stages. It provides details on the main types of steam turbines - back pressure and extraction condensing - and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The document also provides specifications for 500MW and 600MW steam turbines and describes the basic principles and diagrams of impulse and reaction steam turbines. It concludes by listing some common problems that can occur in steam turbines like stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and vibration issues.
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The document discusses the working principles of steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines extract thermal energy from pressurized steam to produce rotary motion. It describes the ideal Rankine cycle that steam turbines follow, involving isentropic compression, heating, expansion, and cooling processes. There are two main types - impulse turbines that convert steam pressure to velocity and reaction turbines that use both pressure and the reaction force of steam. The document classifies steam turbines and discusses their applications in power generation.
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This document discusses the key components and operation of steam turbines. It describes the different types of steam turbines, including high pressure (HP), intermediate pressure (IP), and low pressure (LP) turbines. Each turbine section has a rotor, blades, and casing made of specialized materials. The rotor spins to extract energy from pressurized steam. Turbines are tested for overspeed balancing and equipped with governing systems to control steam flow and output.
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The compressor takes in air and squeezes it across multiple stages to increase the air's pressure and temperature. Each stage consists of a rotor blade followed by stationary stator vanes that further compress the air. The compressor is powered by the turbine, which extracts energy from the engine's exhaust gas stream using impact or reaction turbine blades to drive the rotors. This high-pressure, high-temperature air is then used for combustion in the engine.
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Turbines can be either impulse or reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades with a bucket-like shape, extracting energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the fixed blades acting as nozzles to increase the steam's velocity before it passes over the moving blades. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines are Francis and Kaplan turbines. Turbines are highly efficient machines that convert the energy in fluids like steam or water into useful rotational work, and they are widely used in applications like power generation, ships, aircraft, and pumps.
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The document discusses different types of thermal turbomachines including fans and blowers, compressors, steam turbines, and gas turbines. It provides definitions, brief histories, components, types and uses for each machine. Fans and blowers are defined and their components and types like centrifugal and axial fans are outlined. Compressors are defined as machines with pressure ratios over 1.2 and centrifugal and axial compressor types are described. Steam turbine design, types based on steam conditions and casing arrangements, and uses are summarized. Gas turbine definition, brief history, types including axial and radial, applications, and design considerations are covered at a high level.
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This document is a technical seminar report submitted by a student to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report discusses the history and working principles of steam turbines, including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes different types of steam turbines such as impulse and reaction turbines. It also covers topics like compounding, steam supply and exhaust conditions, turbine components, operation principles, applications, and thermodynamics of steam turbines. The document contains detailed information presented over multiple sections and references.
Steam turbine
Steam turbines convert the heat and pressure energy of steam into rotational mechanical energy. They use either impulse or reaction principles. Impulse turbines use nozzles to convert steam pressure into velocity before it strikes moving blades, while reaction turbines allow continuous expansion of steam through fixed and moving blades. Modern steam turbines are highly efficient and use a combination of impulse and reaction stages to fully extract energy from steam. They are important for generating electrical power.
Turbine.
The document summarizes the operating principles and classifications of steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines convert thermal energy from steam into mechanical energy by directing high velocity steam onto buckets attached to a rotating shaft. Steam turbines can be classified based on exhaust conditions, stage design, steam flow patterns, and number of stages. Condensing turbines exhaust steam to a condenser, while back pressure turbines maintain a higher exhaust pressure. Impulse turbines use nozzles to impart velocity on steam, while reaction turbines rely on expansion within buckets. Governors control steam flow to regulate turbine speed.
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This document discusses steam turbines. It begins by outlining the session objectives which are to classify steam turbines, discuss compounding of steam turbines, and cover forces, work done and efficiency. It then provides information on steam properties, the steam power plant process, types of steam turbines including impulse and reaction turbines, and losses that occur in steam turbines. It also discusses velocity triangles used to understand flow in turbine blades.
Bhel Haridwar training ppt
This is the Industrial training ppt for all engineering students who did their training from Turbine manufacturing block In BHEL HARIDWAR.
bhel_report_STM
This document provides information about Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) and a summer internship completed there in the Steam Turbine Manufacturing department. It includes descriptions of:
- The basic workings of a steam turbine and how it converts thermal energy from pressurized steam into rotary motion.
- The history and development of steam turbines since ancient times.
- The main types and components of modern steam turbines, including impulse and reaction turbines.
- Details about the construction, steam flow, bearings, expansion, seals, valves, controls, and lubrication system of the specific steam turbine studied during the internship.
- An overview of the Rankine cycle that steam turbines are based on
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This document provides an overview of steam turbines, including their components, principles of operation, types, advantages, and disadvantages. A steam turbine converts thermal energy from pressurized steam into rotational mechanical energy. The main components are a casing, rotor, blades, valves, bearings and gearbox. There are two main types - impulse turbines which use nozzles to convert pressure to velocity, and reaction turbines which use stationary and moving blades for gradual pressure drop. Advantages include high efficiency, uniform power output, and lack of friction losses, while disadvantages include need for high speeds of operation and heavy components.
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Steam turbines work by converting the energy of expanding steam into rotational motion. They have several key components and come in two main types: impulse and reaction. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct high velocity steam onto turbine blades for impulse, while reaction turbines utilize both fixed and moving blades to expand steam. Common problems in steam turbines include stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, thermal fatigue, and pitting due to chemical attack from corrosive elements in the steam. Proper lubrication and preventing blade deterioration are important for optimizing steam turbine performance and lifespan.
general awareness in steam turbine manufacturing
This document provides an overview of steam turbines and their manufacturing process at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL). It defines a steam turbine, describes the main types (impulse and reaction), and lists the key components. The turbines manufactured at BHEL include high, intermediate, and low pressure turbines. The document outlines the main machines used in the manufacturing process, such as milling machines and lathes, and describes the various working areas at BHEL involved in turbine production.
Electrical supercharging
The document discusses different types of superchargers used in internal combustion engines. It explains that a supercharger is an air compressor that forces more air into the engine's intake manifold, allowing for more fuel to be burned and increasing engine power. Conventional superchargers are belt-driven but can consume up to 20% of engine power. Electrical superchargers address this issue by using a separate electric motor to compress air, providing boost without tapping the engine for power. The document outlines the components and advantages of an electrical supercharger system for a small gasoline engine.
Steam turbine ntpc seepat bilaspur chhattisgarh
This document presents information about steam turbines. It begins by defining a turbine as an engine that converts the energy of fluid into mechanical energy. It then describes the basic principles and components of steam turbines, including that steam energy is converted to mechanical work through expansion in a series of fixed and moving blades called stages. It provides details on the main types of steam turbines - back pressure and extraction condensing - and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The document also provides specifications for 500MW and 600MW steam turbines and describes the basic principles and diagrams of impulse and reaction steam turbines. It concludes by listing some common problems that can occur in steam turbines like stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and vibration issues.
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The document discusses the working principles of steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines extract thermal energy from pressurized steam to produce rotary motion. It describes the ideal Rankine cycle that steam turbines follow, involving isentropic compression, heating, expansion, and cooling processes. There are two main types - impulse turbines that convert steam pressure to velocity and reaction turbines that use both pressure and the reaction force of steam. The document classifies steam turbines and discusses their applications in power generation.
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This document discusses the key components and operation of steam turbines. It describes the different types of steam turbines, including high pressure (HP), intermediate pressure (IP), and low pressure (LP) turbines. Each turbine section has a rotor, blades, and casing made of specialized materials. The rotor spins to extract energy from pressurized steam. Turbines are tested for overspeed balancing and equipped with governing systems to control steam flow and output.
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The compressor takes in air and squeezes it across multiple stages to increase the air's pressure and temperature. Each stage consists of a rotor blade followed by stationary stator vanes that further compress the air. The compressor is powered by the turbine, which extracts energy from the engine's exhaust gas stream using impact or reaction turbine blades to drive the rotors. This high-pressure, high-temperature air is then used for combustion in the engine.
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Turbines can be either impulse or reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades with a bucket-like shape, extracting energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the fixed blades acting as nozzles to increase the steam's velocity before it passes over the moving blades. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines are Francis and Kaplan turbines. Turbines are highly efficient machines that convert the energy in fluids like steam or water into useful rotational work, and they are widely used in applications like power generation, ships, aircraft, and pumps.
Thermal Group
The document discusses different types of thermal turbomachines including fans and blowers, compressors, steam turbines, and gas turbines. It provides definitions, brief histories, components, types and uses for each machine. Fans and blowers are defined and their components and types like centrifugal and axial fans are outlined. Compressors are defined as machines with pressure ratios over 1.2 and centrifugal and axial compressor types are described. Steam turbine design, types based on steam conditions and casing arrangements, and uses are summarized. Gas turbine definition, brief history, types including axial and radial, applications, and design considerations are covered at a high level.
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In this presentation study on the basic parts of the steam turbine as following turbine casting, turbine rotors, turbine blades, shrouds, turbine bearing device, turbine seals, turbine couplings, governor and lubrication system.
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This document summarizes different types of superchargers, including their construction, operation, components and advantages/disadvantages. It describes three main types - Roots, centrifugal, and screw (twin screw) superchargers. The Roots type uses a pair of meshing lobes to pump air from intake to exhaust. The centrifugal type increases boost via an engine-driven compressor wheel. The screw type uses two meshing screws to compress air as it moves from inlet to outlet. Key components of each type are identified. Advantages include increased power without lag, while disadvantages include reduced efficiency and increased engine strain.
Steam Turbine modelling
This document presents a summary of a dynamic model developed for simulating the operation of a steam turbine in a full scope power plant. It describes the basic components and types of steam turbines, including impulse and reaction turbines. It also discusses compounding methods used in steam turbines. The dynamic model accounts for thermal and rotational inertia effects during startup and shutdown. The model is used to analyze casing temperature variations over time during turbine operation. Simulation results from the model match actual plant operating data closely.
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This slideshare has been developed for Engineers entering the Power industry, and enthusiasts of power technology.
It covers the basic history, theory, operation and importance of steam turbines from a mechanical viewpoint.
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This document provides information about turbine sections in gas turbine engines. It discusses the operation of different turbine blade types and how blades are attached to disks. It describes nozzle guide vanes and the causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep. It explains the functions of the turbine to drive compressors and accessories. It also summarizes the types of turbines, including axial flow and radial inflow turbines, and describes impulse, reaction and reaction-impulse turbine blades.
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This document is a technical seminar report submitted by a student to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report discusses the history and working principles of steam turbines, including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes different types of steam turbines such as impulse and reaction turbines. It also covers topics like compounding, steam supply and exhaust conditions, turbine components, operation principles, applications, and thermodynamics of steam turbines. The document contains detailed information presented over multiple sections and references.
Steam turbine
Steam turbines convert the heat and pressure energy of steam into rotational mechanical energy. They use either impulse or reaction principles. Impulse turbines use nozzles to convert steam pressure into velocity before it strikes moving blades, while reaction turbines allow continuous expansion of steam through fixed and moving blades. Modern steam turbines are highly efficient and use a combination of impulse and reaction stages to fully extract energy from steam. They are important for generating electrical power.
Turbine.
The document summarizes the operating principles and classifications of steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines convert thermal energy from steam into mechanical energy by directing high velocity steam onto buckets attached to a rotating shaft. Steam turbines can be classified based on exhaust conditions, stage design, steam flow patterns, and number of stages. Condensing turbines exhaust steam to a condenser, while back pressure turbines maintain a higher exhaust pressure. Impulse turbines use nozzles to impart velocity on steam, while reaction turbines rely on expansion within buckets. Governors control steam flow to regulate turbine speed.
Steam turbines
This document discusses steam turbines. It begins by outlining the session objectives which are to classify steam turbines, discuss compounding of steam turbines, and cover forces, work done and efficiency. It then provides information on steam properties, the steam power plant process, types of steam turbines including impulse and reaction turbines, and losses that occur in steam turbines. It also discusses velocity triangles used to understand flow in turbine blades.
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This document provides an overview of a training seminar on a summer internship at the Dholpur Combined Cycle Power Plant. It discusses the organization and various components of the power plant, including the gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator, steam turbine, condenser, turbo generator, excitation system, and 220kV switchyard. Key details are provided on the selection of the plant site, plant specifications and costs, equipment ratings, theories of operation, components and functions of the various systems. The document aims to educate interns on the technical aspects and working of the combined cycle power plant.
Identification of fuel pipe and steam pipe(thermal power plant Muzafargha)
This document provides an overview of the Thermal Power Station located in Muzaffargarh, Pakistan. It has two phases, with Phase 1 having 3 Russian units of 210 MW each and 1 Chinese unit of 320 MW. Phase 2 has 2 Chinese units of 200 MW each. The power station uses steam to power turbines that generate electricity. It uses furnace oil and gas as fuel. The document discusses the different units and their capacities, as well as providing background information on thermal power stations and the steam turbine process.
Identification of fuel pipe and steam pipe(Thermal Power plant Muzafarghar )
This document provides an overview of the Thermal Power Station located in Muzaffargarh, Pakistan. It has two phases, with Phase 1 having 3 Russian units of 210 MW each and 1 Chinese unit of 320 MW. Phase 2 has 2 Chinese units of 200 MW each. The power station uses steam to power turbines that generate electricity. It has a total installed capacity of 1350 MW. Water tube boilers are used, with dual fuel combustion systems for gas and furnace oil. The power station feeds into the national grid system and is an important source of electricity generation in Pakistan.
Pintu raj
The document provides information about the Barh Thermal Power Station located in Patna, Bihar, India. It is owned by NTPC Limited and has a total installed capacity of 3,300 MW produced across 5 units of 660 MW each. The power plant uses coal as its fuel and employs a steam turbine generator configuration. It began operations in 1999 and was established to supply electricity to the state of Bihar at a total project cost of over 26,000 crore rupees.
Steam turbine
1. The document discusses steam turbines, including their basic definition and classification as either impulse or reaction turbines. It describes the key components and operating principles of each type.
2. Compounding is discussed as a way to reduce the extremely high rotational speeds of impulse turbines by expanding steam in multiple stages. The three main types of compounding are described.
3. The document outlines some of the main advantages of steam turbines, including their higher thermal efficiency compared to steam engines. Uniform power output and lack of initial condensation losses are also cited as advantages.
Thermal power plant2222222222222222
This document provides an overview of the Panipat Thermal Power Plant in Haryana, India. It details that the plant has a total generating capacity of 1,367.8 MW across 8 units. It describes the key raw materials used, including water from the Yamuna Canal, various types of fuel oils, and coal delivered by rail. It then outlines the major components and processes within the plant, including coal handling, boiler, turbine generation, and switchyard equipment. The goal of the plant is to generate power for the state of Haryana in an efficient commercial manner.
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STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF STEAM TURBINE AND TURBINE LOSSES
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SUMMER INTERNSHIP(INDUSTRAIL REPORT) ON THERMAL POWER PLANT
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Identification of fuel pipe and steam pipe(thermal power plant Muzafargha)
Identification of fuel pipe and steam pipe(thermal power plant Muzafargha)
Identification of fuel pipe and steam pipe(Thermal Power plant Muzafarghar )
Identification of fuel pipe and steam pipe(Thermal Power plant Muzafarghar )
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The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
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IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Gas agency management system project report.pdf
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
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一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
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Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
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BHEL training ppt
- 1. SHAKTI KUMAR SINGH VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT PRESENTED BY
- 3. BHEL HEEP PLANT, HARIDWAR
- 4. INTRODUCTION Heavy Electrical Equipment Plant, BHEL, HARIDWAR has divided into following blocks:- Block 1 In block one turbo generator, generator, exciter motors (A.C&D.C) are manufactured & assembled. In block two large size fabricated assembliescomponent for power equipment are manufactured & assembled. In block -3 steam turbine, hydro turbines, and gas turbines, turbines blade are manufactured & assembled. Block 4 In block 4 winding for turbo generator, hydro generator, insulation of A.C & D.C motors insulating component for turbo generator, hydro generator motors are manufactured & assembled Block 5 In block -5 fabricated parts of steam turbine water box, hydro turbine turbines parts are manufactured & assembled. BLOCK-6: Fabrication Shop & Die Shop. BLOCK-7: Carpentry & Heat Treatment Shop. BLOCK-8: Heat Exchanger Shop.
- 5. TURBINS HYDRO TURBINES BASICALLY TURBINES ARE OF TWO TYPES 1. Low Pressure Turbines(LP TURBINES). 2. Intermediate Pressure turbines(IP TURBINES). 3. High Pressure Turbines(HP TURBINES) STEAM TURBINES.
- 6. BLOCK-3(my block) HMS (Heavy Machine Shop). Assembly Section. Turbine Section. Blade Section.
- 8. STEAM TURBINES A turbine is a device that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy, specifically when a rotor of multiple blades or vanes is driven by the movement of a fluid or gas. the case of a steam turbine, the pressure and flow of newly condensed steam rapidly turns the rotor. This movement is possible because the water to steam conversion results in a rapidly expanding gas. As the turbine’s rotor turns, the rotating shaft can work to accomplish numerous applications, often electricity generation.
- 10. IMPULSE TURBINE : The principle of the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets. The steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity against rotor buckets causing the rotor to rotate at high speed. The following events take place in the nozzles : 1.The steam pressure decreases. 2.The enthalpy of the steam decreases. 3.The steam velocity increases. 4.The volume of the steam increases.
- 11. REACTION TURBINE : A reaction turbine has rows of fixed blades alternating with rows of moving blades. The steam expands first in the stationary or fixed blades where it gains some velocity as it drops in pressure. Then enters the moving blades where its direction of flow is changed thus producing an impulse force on the moving blades. In addition, however, The steam upon passing through the moving blades again expands and further drops in pressure giving a reaction force to the blades. This sequence is repeated as the steam passes through additional rows of fixed and moving blades.
- 12. WORKING OF STEAM TURBINE: Impulse Turbine:- steam is expanded only in nozzles. Blade passage of constant cross-section area. Reaction Turbine:- Pressure drop in fixed & moving blade. Blade passage of varying cross-section area.
- 14. H.P TURBINE BLADES A turbine blade is the individual component which makes up the turbine section of a gas turbine. The blades are responsible for extracting energy from the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by the combustor. Size of its blades are smaller than IP & HP turbines.
- 15. LOW PRESSURE TURBINE BLADE Titanium alloys offer high strength to intermediate temperatures at a density almost half that of steel and nickel- based superalloys. As a result, they have been adopted widely in the fan and compressor stages of the gas turbine for both disc and blade applications.. LP blade is larger thanHP & IP.
- 16. INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE TURBINE Intermediate pressure turbine having more pressure then L.P turbine and less than the high pressure turbine(H.P) . Its blade is larger than high pressure turbine.
- 17. BLADE OF INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE TURBINE The size of blades of I.P steam turbine is larger than H.P steam turbine , but smaller than L.P steam turbine.
- 18. CASING Lower half Upper half
- 20. GAS TURBINE: Gas turbine have been used for electricity generation. The gas turbine obtains its power by utilizing the energy of burnt gases & air which are at high Pressure and Temperature.
- 21. CONCLUSION:- 1. BHEL is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India . 2. BHEL is a major contributor of equipment and systems to industries. 3. At the all, till now BHEL is best in supply and manufacturing products. 4. Summer Training gives the idea of ‘general awareness in steam turbine manufacturing’, & its process. 5. Its provides practical idea to manufacturing several components of turbine.
- 22. Some pictures clicked by me
- 27. हर की पौडी
- 28. Mussoorie
- 31. Our small group @ BHEL tour
- 32. Thank You