Multilingualism is the ability of an individual speaker or a community of speakers to communicate effectively in three or more languages. Contrast with monolingualism, the ability to use only one language. A person who can speak multiple languages is known as a polyglot or a multilingual.
This document discusses the importance of listening skills. It notes that listening is the most important skill for those in positions of authority, as they should spend 45% of their time listening. There are four basic language skills - listening, speaking, writing, and reading. Effective listening involves hearing the message, interpreting it based on one's knowledge and experience, evaluating it with one's background information, and providing an appropriate response. There are different types of listening like intellectual, appreciative, attentive, and evaluative listening. Some tips for being a good listener include observing non-verbal cues, focusing only on listening, acknowledging the speaker, allowing the speaker to finish, and asking questions afterwards. Active listening means restating the message in
The document discusses the concept of language and its functions. It defines language and examines its key characteristics such as being social, symbolic, systematic, vocal, conventional, productive, and a means of communication. The document also explores several important functions of language, including communication, transmission of culture, thought, diffusion of knowledge, political cohesion, cultural identity, and facilitating human cooperation and society.
This document outlines 10 aims and 5 objectives for a science curriculum. The aims are to provide opportunities for scientific study and creativity globally, provide a body of scientific knowledge and techniques, enable students to apply science, develop skills in analysis and synthesis of scientific information, foster collaboration and communication, develop investigative skills, apply information technology skills to science, raise awareness of implications of science and technology, develop appreciation of possibilities and limitations of science, and encourage understanding of relationships between scientific disciplines. The objectives are to demonstrate understanding of physics, apply physical principles, construct research questions, demonstrate cooperation and responsibility, and safely manipulate apparatus and perform experiments.
Unit 2 Understanding Discipline and Subjects in Socio- cultural PerspectiveHILDA
This document discusses the emergence and development of knowledge, subjects, and curriculum from social, political, and intellectual perspectives. It addresses how knowledge is defined and how curriculum has developed. It also examines the role of government in developing education and ways to develop curriculum intellectually. Finally, it outlines current situations in social science, natural science, and linguistics, noting trends like a focus on social awareness, environmental issues, and computer-assisted language learning.
It discuss about Bilingualism, Multilingualism, CHALLENGES OF A MULTILINGUAL CLASSROOM, The Challenges of Teaching in the Multicultural Classroom, Some characteristics of language disorders include, Operations of Three-Language Formula, Remedies to Language Problem, The Problem of Teachers, Content area comprehension skills, Analyzing Children's writing to understand their conception
The Indira Gandhi National Open University was established in 1985 to build an inclusive knowledge society through open and distance learning. It aims to increase access to higher education for all segments of society, offer innovative and needs-based programs at different levels, and promote education in all parts of the country at affordable costs. The University uses various media and technologies to widen access and provide continual professional development and training. It has made significant contributions in higher education, community education, and professional development.
Multilingualism is the ability of an individual speaker or a community of speakers to communicate effectively in three or more languages. Contrast with monolingualism, the ability to use only one language. A person who can speak multiple languages is known as a polyglot or a multilingual.
This document discusses the importance of listening skills. It notes that listening is the most important skill for those in positions of authority, as they should spend 45% of their time listening. There are four basic language skills - listening, speaking, writing, and reading. Effective listening involves hearing the message, interpreting it based on one's knowledge and experience, evaluating it with one's background information, and providing an appropriate response. There are different types of listening like intellectual, appreciative, attentive, and evaluative listening. Some tips for being a good listener include observing non-verbal cues, focusing only on listening, acknowledging the speaker, allowing the speaker to finish, and asking questions afterwards. Active listening means restating the message in
The document discusses the concept of language and its functions. It defines language and examines its key characteristics such as being social, symbolic, systematic, vocal, conventional, productive, and a means of communication. The document also explores several important functions of language, including communication, transmission of culture, thought, diffusion of knowledge, political cohesion, cultural identity, and facilitating human cooperation and society.
This document outlines 10 aims and 5 objectives for a science curriculum. The aims are to provide opportunities for scientific study and creativity globally, provide a body of scientific knowledge and techniques, enable students to apply science, develop skills in analysis and synthesis of scientific information, foster collaboration and communication, develop investigative skills, apply information technology skills to science, raise awareness of implications of science and technology, develop appreciation of possibilities and limitations of science, and encourage understanding of relationships between scientific disciplines. The objectives are to demonstrate understanding of physics, apply physical principles, construct research questions, demonstrate cooperation and responsibility, and safely manipulate apparatus and perform experiments.
Unit 2 Understanding Discipline and Subjects in Socio- cultural PerspectiveHILDA
This document discusses the emergence and development of knowledge, subjects, and curriculum from social, political, and intellectual perspectives. It addresses how knowledge is defined and how curriculum has developed. It also examines the role of government in developing education and ways to develop curriculum intellectually. Finally, it outlines current situations in social science, natural science, and linguistics, noting trends like a focus on social awareness, environmental issues, and computer-assisted language learning.
It discuss about Bilingualism, Multilingualism, CHALLENGES OF A MULTILINGUAL CLASSROOM, The Challenges of Teaching in the Multicultural Classroom, Some characteristics of language disorders include, Operations of Three-Language Formula, Remedies to Language Problem, The Problem of Teachers, Content area comprehension skills, Analyzing Children's writing to understand their conception
The Indira Gandhi National Open University was established in 1985 to build an inclusive knowledge society through open and distance learning. It aims to increase access to higher education for all segments of society, offer innovative and needs-based programs at different levels, and promote education in all parts of the country at affordable costs. The University uses various media and technologies to widen access and provide continual professional development and training. It has made significant contributions in higher education, community education, and professional development.
Education in a Democratic Set Up: Aims , Curriculum and Methods of Teaching Hathib KK
Democracy and education- Educational changes on account of democracy- aims of education in democratic set up-democracy and educational aims-curriculum in a democratic set up- curriculum in a democratic society- democracy and teacher-
Nature of questioning in the classroom – Types of questions and teachers roleSuresh Babu
This document discusses the types and purposes of questioning in the classroom. It outlines four main types of questions: 1) memory or recall questions, 2) convergent questions that require analysis, 3) divergent questions that require creativity, and 4) evaluation questions. The document also discusses the teacher's role in questioning, which includes developing student interest, evaluating preparation, developing critical thinking, reviewing lessons, nurturing new insights, assessing goals, and stimulating independent pursuit of knowledge. Effective questioning allows teachers to check student understanding at different levels, from basic recall to application and evaluation.
This document discusses the epistemological basis of knowledge and education. It begins by explaining that schools play an important role in transmitting knowledge to students and influencing their lives. It then discusses various topics related to the concept of knowledge, including different definitions of knowledge, the structure and forms of knowledge, and ways of acquiring knowledge such as through sense perception and reasoning. It explains the process of moving from perception to conception to develop conceptual knowledge. Finally, it discusses the meanings of related terms like information, wisdom, instruction, teaching, training and skills.
Educational psychology helps teachers and school administrators address problems in teaching and learning that they were previously unable to solve due to inexperience, lack of psychological knowledge, and heavy workloads. It is the study of how social interactions and experiences influence a child's development and ability to learn. Educational psychology provides a scientific basis for understanding teaching and learning processes, handling individual differences, and ensuring students are ready and motivated to learn. It helps teachers decide what, when, how, and why to teach to best facilitate long-term retention of information.
The document discusses different aspects of curriculum organization, including articulation, sequence, continuity, and balance. It defines horizontal and vertical articulation as correlation between parallel topics within a grade and between successive grades. Sequence and continuity provide for cumulative and recurrent learning, building on students' increasing depth of knowledge and skills. The organization of curriculum must consider logical structure, chronology, learning principles, interests, and real-world applications to ensure balance.
This document provides information about language and its functions from a presentation given by Aditi Bhushan. It discusses language as a medium for social participation and problem solving. It also outlines the four fundamentals of language as listening, reading, speaking and writing. The document then describes the components of language development, including phonology, semantics, grammar and pragmatics. Finally, it lists several key characteristics of language such as it being a means of communication, arbitrary, a system of symbols, always changing, learnt, follows conventions and evolves, made up of habits, based on common cultural experience, and unique.
Language across curriculum: Meaning, definition and principles.Hathib KK
Language Across Curriculum- Definition-Significance-what is LAC? What are the principles behind its emergence? What is the role of language teacher and other subject teachers in lac? What is CBI? WHAT IS CONTENT BASED INSTRUCTION (CBI)
?WHAT IS CONTENT INTEGRATED LANGUAGE LEARNING(CILL)?
This document discusses the challenges in professional development for teachers. It defines professional development as activities that promote career growth, such as continuing education. Some challenges include improperly qualified teacher educators, ensuring quality programs, and barriers like scheduling conflicts and cost. Suggestions for improving professional development include proper selection of teachers, better training facilities, incentives for teachers in remote areas, and addressing under-employment.
Education In Contemporary Indian SocietyMonika Tayade
The document discusses the concept, meaning, aims, and history of education in contemporary Indian society. It provides definitions of education from various Indian and Western thinkers. Education is defined as the holistic development of an individual's knowledge, skills, and character. The aims of education have evolved over time from the acquisition of knowledge in ancient India to developing democratic citizenship, vocational skills, and cultivating moral values in modern India according to committees like the Secondary Education Commission and Indian Education Commission.
Edward Thorndike proposed the multi-factor theory of intelligence, which argued that intelligence is composed of multiple independent mental abilities rather than a single general ability. He believed intelligence involves three main abilities: social intelligence, concrete intelligence, and abstract intelligence. Thorndike also described four attributes of intelligence: level refers to task difficulty, range refers to number of tasks solved, area refers to number of stimuli responded to, and speed refers to rapidity of response.
Structure of teacher education in India || structure of Teacher Education pro...Samir (G. Husain)
The document discusses the structure of teacher education in India, including its merits and limitations. It outlines the following key points:
1. The structure includes pre-service programs like DPSE, D.El.Ed, B.Ed, M.Ed, and Integrated B.Ed as well as in-service programs like induction courses, workshops, and seminars.
2. The merits are that it provides teachers with subject knowledge, pedagogical skills, understanding of child psychology, and the ability to use instructional facilities.
3. However, the structure also has limitations like a lack of uniformity across programs, inadequate facilities and funding, and insufficient emphasis on in-service training.
The major aspirations of Indian society are nationalism, lack of social order due to issues like casteism and communalism, and lack of good leadership. It aims to establish social justice through education and equality as principles of the constitution. India also values universalism through good international relations, a new information order, and friendship with all countries. Education can help develop nationalism, respect for individuals, and self-sufficiency to support national development through addressing issues like population growth, rural development, environmental protection, and improving physical and spiritual life quality.
It discuss on the meaning of language, curriculum, how language functions, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION, The basic steps of communication, CONCEPT OF LANGUAGE, CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE, Linguism - meaning, Plurilingualism, CAUSES OF LINGUISM , DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL LITERACY
The document summarizes the key aspects of the National Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF 2005) in India. The NCF 2005 aims to provide guidelines for educational experiences and reform the school education system. It advocates for a learner-centered and constructivist approach. It emphasizes the holistic development of the child, connecting knowledge to their life experiences and promoting critical thinking. The NCF 2005 also focuses on multilingual education, making learning engaging, continuous and comprehensive assessment, and increasing community participation in schools.
“Individual difference and educational implications- thinking, intelligence a...Shrooti Shah
The differences among individuals, that distinguish or separate them from one another and make one as an unique individual in oneself, may be termed as individual differences.
Learning is most effective when differences in learner’s language, cultural, and social behaviour are taken into account.
A teacher should be sensitive to individual differences.
A teacher’s challenge is to acknowledge and celebrate the differences among children and work to maximize the growth in each child.
Education in a Democratic Set Up: Aims , Curriculum and Methods of Teaching Hathib KK
Democracy and education- Educational changes on account of democracy- aims of education in democratic set up-democracy and educational aims-curriculum in a democratic set up- curriculum in a democratic society- democracy and teacher-
Nature of questioning in the classroom – Types of questions and teachers roleSuresh Babu
This document discusses the types and purposes of questioning in the classroom. It outlines four main types of questions: 1) memory or recall questions, 2) convergent questions that require analysis, 3) divergent questions that require creativity, and 4) evaluation questions. The document also discusses the teacher's role in questioning, which includes developing student interest, evaluating preparation, developing critical thinking, reviewing lessons, nurturing new insights, assessing goals, and stimulating independent pursuit of knowledge. Effective questioning allows teachers to check student understanding at different levels, from basic recall to application and evaluation.
This document discusses the epistemological basis of knowledge and education. It begins by explaining that schools play an important role in transmitting knowledge to students and influencing their lives. It then discusses various topics related to the concept of knowledge, including different definitions of knowledge, the structure and forms of knowledge, and ways of acquiring knowledge such as through sense perception and reasoning. It explains the process of moving from perception to conception to develop conceptual knowledge. Finally, it discusses the meanings of related terms like information, wisdom, instruction, teaching, training and skills.
Educational psychology helps teachers and school administrators address problems in teaching and learning that they were previously unable to solve due to inexperience, lack of psychological knowledge, and heavy workloads. It is the study of how social interactions and experiences influence a child's development and ability to learn. Educational psychology provides a scientific basis for understanding teaching and learning processes, handling individual differences, and ensuring students are ready and motivated to learn. It helps teachers decide what, when, how, and why to teach to best facilitate long-term retention of information.
The document discusses different aspects of curriculum organization, including articulation, sequence, continuity, and balance. It defines horizontal and vertical articulation as correlation between parallel topics within a grade and between successive grades. Sequence and continuity provide for cumulative and recurrent learning, building on students' increasing depth of knowledge and skills. The organization of curriculum must consider logical structure, chronology, learning principles, interests, and real-world applications to ensure balance.
This document provides information about language and its functions from a presentation given by Aditi Bhushan. It discusses language as a medium for social participation and problem solving. It also outlines the four fundamentals of language as listening, reading, speaking and writing. The document then describes the components of language development, including phonology, semantics, grammar and pragmatics. Finally, it lists several key characteristics of language such as it being a means of communication, arbitrary, a system of symbols, always changing, learnt, follows conventions and evolves, made up of habits, based on common cultural experience, and unique.
Language across curriculum: Meaning, definition and principles.Hathib KK
Language Across Curriculum- Definition-Significance-what is LAC? What are the principles behind its emergence? What is the role of language teacher and other subject teachers in lac? What is CBI? WHAT IS CONTENT BASED INSTRUCTION (CBI)
?WHAT IS CONTENT INTEGRATED LANGUAGE LEARNING(CILL)?
This document discusses the challenges in professional development for teachers. It defines professional development as activities that promote career growth, such as continuing education. Some challenges include improperly qualified teacher educators, ensuring quality programs, and barriers like scheduling conflicts and cost. Suggestions for improving professional development include proper selection of teachers, better training facilities, incentives for teachers in remote areas, and addressing under-employment.
Education In Contemporary Indian SocietyMonika Tayade
The document discusses the concept, meaning, aims, and history of education in contemporary Indian society. It provides definitions of education from various Indian and Western thinkers. Education is defined as the holistic development of an individual's knowledge, skills, and character. The aims of education have evolved over time from the acquisition of knowledge in ancient India to developing democratic citizenship, vocational skills, and cultivating moral values in modern India according to committees like the Secondary Education Commission and Indian Education Commission.
Edward Thorndike proposed the multi-factor theory of intelligence, which argued that intelligence is composed of multiple independent mental abilities rather than a single general ability. He believed intelligence involves three main abilities: social intelligence, concrete intelligence, and abstract intelligence. Thorndike also described four attributes of intelligence: level refers to task difficulty, range refers to number of tasks solved, area refers to number of stimuli responded to, and speed refers to rapidity of response.
Structure of teacher education in India || structure of Teacher Education pro...Samir (G. Husain)
The document discusses the structure of teacher education in India, including its merits and limitations. It outlines the following key points:
1. The structure includes pre-service programs like DPSE, D.El.Ed, B.Ed, M.Ed, and Integrated B.Ed as well as in-service programs like induction courses, workshops, and seminars.
2. The merits are that it provides teachers with subject knowledge, pedagogical skills, understanding of child psychology, and the ability to use instructional facilities.
3. However, the structure also has limitations like a lack of uniformity across programs, inadequate facilities and funding, and insufficient emphasis on in-service training.
The major aspirations of Indian society are nationalism, lack of social order due to issues like casteism and communalism, and lack of good leadership. It aims to establish social justice through education and equality as principles of the constitution. India also values universalism through good international relations, a new information order, and friendship with all countries. Education can help develop nationalism, respect for individuals, and self-sufficiency to support national development through addressing issues like population growth, rural development, environmental protection, and improving physical and spiritual life quality.
It discuss on the meaning of language, curriculum, how language functions, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION, The basic steps of communication, CONCEPT OF LANGUAGE, CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE, Linguism - meaning, Plurilingualism, CAUSES OF LINGUISM , DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL LITERACY
The document summarizes the key aspects of the National Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF 2005) in India. The NCF 2005 aims to provide guidelines for educational experiences and reform the school education system. It advocates for a learner-centered and constructivist approach. It emphasizes the holistic development of the child, connecting knowledge to their life experiences and promoting critical thinking. The NCF 2005 also focuses on multilingual education, making learning engaging, continuous and comprehensive assessment, and increasing community participation in schools.
“Individual difference and educational implications- thinking, intelligence a...Shrooti Shah
The differences among individuals, that distinguish or separate them from one another and make one as an unique individual in oneself, may be termed as individual differences.
Learning is most effective when differences in learner’s language, cultural, and social behaviour are taken into account.
A teacher should be sensitive to individual differences.
A teacher’s challenge is to acknowledge and celebrate the differences among children and work to maximize the growth in each child.
21. शिक्षक क्या करे---
अधिगमकर्ता को सीखने कत समय प्रदतन करे|
यदद उन्हें ककसी प्रकतर कत संदेह हो र्ो पुनः जतनने के अवसर प्रदतन करें|
उन्हें स्वयं सीखने कत अवसर देवे|
नेत्र संपका बनतए रखें|
उन्हें प्रश्न पूछने हेर्ु प्रेररर् करें|
उधिर् प्रतर्कियत प्रदतन करें|
अधिगमकर्ाा क्या करे ----------
अधिक सुने|
अधिक पढ़ें|
बहुर् कु छ कहें|
गलर्ी करने के बतरे में धिंर्त न करे।