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Dr.Santosh Upadhyay
^Hkk"kk O;Drk;ke okfp* & ikf.kuh
 ^Hkk"k~* /kkrq ls lEiUu &
 O;Dr ok.kh vFkkZr Hkk"kk dk izFke y{k.k ;k rRo ^okd~ :i* gSA
 okd~ izrhd ds fuekZ.k esa lkFkZd /ofu;k¡ iz;qDr gksrh gS] tks ekuo d.B ls
fu%l`r gksrh gSA
 /ofu izrhdksa dh lE;d~ O;oLFkk gSA
 /ofu izrhdksa dh ;kn`fPNdrk vFkkZr~ ,fPNd &
 ekuk gqvk lEca/k]
 dsoy O;fDr dk ugha vfirq leqnk; fo'ks"k }kjk Lohd`rA
 ekuo leqnk; ds ijLij fopkj fofue; dk ek/;eA
ekSf[kd
fyf[kr
vfHkO;fDr
Hkk’kk;h
dkS”ky
Jo.k
lquuk
iBu
i<+uk
ys[ku
fy[kuk
Okkpu
cksyuk
L
S
R
W
 Jo.k “kCn ^Jq* /kkrq ls cuk gS ftldk laca/k lquus dh fofHkUu
fØ;kvksa ;Fkk&
❖ /;ku iwoZd lquus
❖ vf/kxe djus
❖ rFkk ekSf[kd laokn djus vkfn ls gSA
 Jo.k dsoy /ofu;ksa dk lquuk ek= ugha gS vfirq-----------
❖ lkFkZd /ofu;ksa dks lquuk
❖ le>uk
❖ rnuqlkj vkpj.k ;k O;ogkj djuk
❖ fu.kZ; ysuk vkfn izfØ;k,a lfEefyr gSA
 Hkk’kk f”k{k.k Jo.k }kjk x`ghr /ofu;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA
^Jo.k* D;k gS
lwpukRed
(Informational)
• Kku
• lh[kuk
leh{kkRed
(Critical)
• fo'ys"k.k
• ewY;kadu
HkkoukRed
(Empathetical)
• le>
• laosnuk
xzg.k djuk
le>uk
vuqfØ;k
Le`fr
ewY;kadu
➢ fo’k;oLrq dh jkspdrkA
 lquus ,oa le>us dk vH;klA
 euksjatu ,oa fofo/k ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjhA
 okrkZyki] okn&fookn] izopu] Hkk"k.k] dfork] vkdk'kok.kh izlkj.k
vkfn dk vk;kstuA
 'kCnksa ,oa okD;ksa dk vFkZ xzg.kA
 'kCnksa ds Øekxr vFkZ dh le>A
 fopkjksa dh lkFkZdrk & Hkk"k.k] okrkZyki] laokn] dFkksidFku dks
le>ukA
 fo’k; oLrq ij /;ku dsUnz.kA
 fo’k;oLrq ds lanHkZ esa vko”;d rF;ksa dks le>us dk vH;kl djokukA
 bl gsrq fo’k;oLrq ij wh ls izkjaHk gksus okys iz”u iwNukA
 N% ddkj
 who
 what
 When
 Where
 Why
 How
 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fujarj vH;kl djok,aA
 mudks lnSo izksRlkfgr djsaA
 dqN le; ekSu jgus dk vH;kl djok,aA
 muds }kjk nh xbZ vuqfØ;kvksa dk [k.Mu djus ls cpsaA
1- fQYe@dgkuh esa izeq[k fdrus ik= gS
2- fdlh ,d ik= dk uke crkb;sA
3- vU; izeq[k ik=ksa dks uke nhft,A
4- vkidks lcls vPNk ik= dkSulk yxk
5- ;g fQYe @ dgkuh D;k lans”k nsrh gS
6- ;fn dgkuh vkxs c<+rh rks vkids fopkj esa D;k gksrk
7- fQYe ds izeq[k ik=ksa ds laokn fy[kdj d{kk esa vfHku;
gsrq ;kn dhft,A
Okkpu og fØ;k gS ftlesa izrhd] /ofu vkSj vFkZ lkFk&lkFk pyrs gaSA
 lgt LokHkkfod okrkZyki djus dh ;ksX;rk fodflr djukA
 Øfed :i esa fujarj cksyrs tkus dh {kerk iSnk djukA
 e/kqj ,oa jkspd Hkk"k.k nsus dh 'kfDr fodflr djukA
 /kS;Z ,oa euks;ksx iwoZd lquus dk izf'k{k.k iznku djukA
 Hkk"kk] 'kCnkoyh] lwfDr] eqgkojsa] dgkorksa] voljkuqdwy Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx dk
vH;kl djokukA
 mi;qDr 'kSyh o 'kq) mPpkj.k ,oa Hkko&Hkafxek lfgr cksyus dh dyk ls
vfHkK djukA
 vkRefo'okl iwoZd vfHkO;fDr esa l{ke cukukA
 Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls Kku] lwpuk,¡ ,oa fooj.k izkIr djus esa l{ke djukA
okpu ds
izeq[k rRo
'kq)rk
LokHkkfodrk
voljkuqdwyrk
Hkkokuqdwyrkl'kDrrk
O;ogkfjrk
Li"Vrk
• o.kZ
• /ofu LFkkumPpkj.k “kq)rk
• lkekU; dFku
• iz”uokpd okD;
• foLe;kfncks/kd okD;
xfr & Loj esa
• “kCn esa
• okD; esa
cy
• mrkj p<+ko
• vkjksg & vojksg
fojke
• Li’V
• “kq)Hkk’kk “kSyh
f'k{kd
+
fo|kFkhZ
fo|kFkhZ
+
fo|kFkhZ
lkewfgd
izHkko”kkyh
ekSf[kd lEizs’k.k
;qfDr;ka
xhr ,oa
dfork
ikB
fp= iBu
ifjppkZ
iSuy ppkZ
leosr
okpu
vfHku;
fØ;k,¡
lk{kkRdkj
laokn
[ksy
fØ;k,¡
dgkuh
dFku
 cPpksa ls dgsa &
 ;fn rqEgkjh eka rqEgsa lCth o Qy ykus cktkj Hksts rks rqe bUgsa [kjhnus ds
fy, dSlh ckrphr djksxs
viuh o nqdkunkj dh ckrphr dks fy[kks&
 1 lCth okys ls ckrphr
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 2 Qy okys ls ckrphr
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
शिक्षक क्या करे---
 अधिगमकर्ता को सीखने कत समय प्रदतन करे|
 यदद उन्हें ककसी प्रकतर कत संदेह हो र्ो पुनः जतनने के अवसर प्रदतन करें|
 उन्हें स्वयं सीखने कत अवसर देवे|
 नेत्र संपका बनतए रखें|
 उन्हें प्रश्न पूछने हेर्ु प्रेररर् करें|
 उधिर् प्रतर्कियत प्रदतन करें|
अधिगमकर्ाा क्या करे ----------
 अधिक सुने|
 अधिक पढ़ें|
 बहुर् कु छ कहें|
 गलर्ी करने के बतरे में धिंर्त न करे।
Bhasha kaushal

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Bhasha kaushal

  • 2. ^Hkk"kk O;Drk;ke okfp* & ikf.kuh  ^Hkk"k~* /kkrq ls lEiUu &  O;Dr ok.kh vFkkZr Hkk"kk dk izFke y{k.k ;k rRo ^okd~ :i* gSA  okd~ izrhd ds fuekZ.k esa lkFkZd /ofu;k¡ iz;qDr gksrh gS] tks ekuo d.B ls fu%l`r gksrh gSA  /ofu izrhdksa dh lE;d~ O;oLFkk gSA  /ofu izrhdksa dh ;kn`fPNdrk vFkkZr~ ,fPNd &  ekuk gqvk lEca/k]  dsoy O;fDr dk ugha vfirq leqnk; fo'ks"k }kjk Lohd`rA  ekuo leqnk; ds ijLij fopkj fofue; dk ek/;eA
  • 5.  Jo.k “kCn ^Jq* /kkrq ls cuk gS ftldk laca/k lquus dh fofHkUu fØ;kvksa ;Fkk& ❖ /;ku iwoZd lquus ❖ vf/kxe djus ❖ rFkk ekSf[kd laokn djus vkfn ls gSA  Jo.k dsoy /ofu;ksa dk lquuk ek= ugha gS vfirq----------- ❖ lkFkZd /ofu;ksa dks lquuk ❖ le>uk ❖ rnuqlkj vkpj.k ;k O;ogkj djuk ❖ fu.kZ; ysuk vkfn izfØ;k,a lfEefyr gSA  Hkk’kk f”k{k.k Jo.k }kjk x`ghr /ofu;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA ^Jo.k* D;k gS
  • 6. lwpukRed (Informational) • Kku • lh[kuk leh{kkRed (Critical) • fo'ys"k.k • ewY;kadu HkkoukRed (Empathetical) • le> • laosnuk
  • 8. ➢ fo’k;oLrq dh jkspdrkA  lquus ,oa le>us dk vH;klA  euksjatu ,oa fofo/k ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjhA  okrkZyki] okn&fookn] izopu] Hkk"k.k] dfork] vkdk'kok.kh izlkj.k vkfn dk vk;kstuA  'kCnksa ,oa okD;ksa dk vFkZ xzg.kA  'kCnksa ds Øekxr vFkZ dh le>A  fopkjksa dh lkFkZdrk & Hkk"k.k] okrkZyki] laokn] dFkksidFku dks le>ukA
  • 9.  fo’k; oLrq ij /;ku dsUnz.kA  fo’k;oLrq ds lanHkZ esa vko”;d rF;ksa dks le>us dk vH;kl djokukA  bl gsrq fo’k;oLrq ij wh ls izkjaHk gksus okys iz”u iwNukA  N% ddkj  who  what  When  Where  Why  How  fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fujarj vH;kl djok,aA  mudks lnSo izksRlkfgr djsaA  dqN le; ekSu jgus dk vH;kl djok,aA  muds }kjk nh xbZ vuqfØ;kvksa dk [k.Mu djus ls cpsaA
  • 10. 1- fQYe@dgkuh esa izeq[k fdrus ik= gS 2- fdlh ,d ik= dk uke crkb;sA 3- vU; izeq[k ik=ksa dks uke nhft,A 4- vkidks lcls vPNk ik= dkSulk yxk 5- ;g fQYe @ dgkuh D;k lans”k nsrh gS 6- ;fn dgkuh vkxs c<+rh rks vkids fopkj esa D;k gksrk 7- fQYe ds izeq[k ik=ksa ds laokn fy[kdj d{kk esa vfHku; gsrq ;kn dhft,A
  • 11. Okkpu og fØ;k gS ftlesa izrhd] /ofu vkSj vFkZ lkFk&lkFk pyrs gaSA
  • 12.  lgt LokHkkfod okrkZyki djus dh ;ksX;rk fodflr djukA  Øfed :i esa fujarj cksyrs tkus dh {kerk iSnk djukA  e/kqj ,oa jkspd Hkk"k.k nsus dh 'kfDr fodflr djukA  /kS;Z ,oa euks;ksx iwoZd lquus dk izf'k{k.k iznku djukA  Hkk"kk] 'kCnkoyh] lwfDr] eqgkojsa] dgkorksa] voljkuqdwy Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx dk vH;kl djokukA  mi;qDr 'kSyh o 'kq) mPpkj.k ,oa Hkko&Hkafxek lfgr cksyus dh dyk ls vfHkK djukA  vkRefo'okl iwoZd vfHkO;fDr esa l{ke cukukA  Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls Kku] lwpuk,¡ ,oa fooj.k izkIr djus esa l{ke djukA
  • 14. • o.kZ • /ofu LFkkumPpkj.k “kq)rk • lkekU; dFku • iz”uokpd okD; • foLe;kfncks/kd okD; xfr & Loj esa • “kCn esa • okD; esa cy • mrkj p<+ko • vkjksg & vojksg fojke • Li’V • “kq)Hkk’kk “kSyh
  • 16. izHkko”kkyh ekSf[kd lEizs’k.k ;qfDr;ka xhr ,oa dfork ikB fp= iBu ifjppkZ iSuy ppkZ leosr okpu vfHku; fØ;k,¡ lk{kkRdkj laokn [ksy fØ;k,¡ dgkuh dFku
  • 17.  cPpksa ls dgsa &  ;fn rqEgkjh eka rqEgsa lCth o Qy ykus cktkj Hksts rks rqe bUgsa [kjhnus ds fy, dSlh ckrphr djksxs viuh o nqdkunkj dh ckrphr dks fy[kks&  1 lCth okys ls ckrphr  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  2 Qy okys ls ckrphr  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. शिक्षक क्या करे---  अधिगमकर्ता को सीखने कत समय प्रदतन करे|  यदद उन्हें ककसी प्रकतर कत संदेह हो र्ो पुनः जतनने के अवसर प्रदतन करें|  उन्हें स्वयं सीखने कत अवसर देवे|  नेत्र संपका बनतए रखें|  उन्हें प्रश्न पूछने हेर्ु प्रेररर् करें|  उधिर् प्रतर्कियत प्रदतन करें| अधिगमकर्ाा क्या करे ----------  अधिक सुने|  अधिक पढ़ें|  बहुर् कु छ कहें|  गलर्ी करने के बतरे में धिंर्त न करे।