This document discusses the use of satire and humor in education to teach students about fake news and political issues. It provides examples of satirical news clips that can be used to both engage students and encourage critical thinking. Examples include clips about net neutrality, the opioid crisis, and other political topics from both the US and internationally. The document advocates that using satire in teaching does not mean the content has to be taught seriously, but that satire can improve students' critical thinking, recall, and recognition. It concludes that while satire may be less real than straight news, it can be more true in sending its message and promoting reflective dialogue.
2. Lists, checklists and infographics (e.g. IFLA, CILIP), widely disseminated in
our field:
Spotting fake news
Melissa Zimdars – False, misleading, clickbait-y, and/or satirical ‘news’
sources (https://goo.gl/vLsGQS)
CRAAP test
Imagine you’re stuck with evaluating a piece of information…
Will you try to remember if that source was listed as false or
clickbait-y?
3. Satire
“Artistic means of pointing out and holding up for scrutiny and criticism
some ridiculousness and absurd by, ironically enough, being somewhat
ridiculous.” (Jones, 2009: 213)
Analyses (or exposes the lack of) the analysis in ‘regular’ news
Gives the news a memory (Basu, 2018)
Uses redaction (appropriating news footage from several sources) to
create something new from existing material
All of this can give the audience a corrective on misinformation and
encourage them to make connections (between sources of news and
ways of reporting the news)
5. Humour
Attention-gaining method
Relaxes the learning environment
Helps to form relationships and strengthen human connections, e.g.
class-instructor (Savage et al., 2017)
Improves recall and recognition (Carlson, 2011)
Course-related humour correlates positively with student learning
(Wanzer, Frymier & Irwin, 2009)
13. Trim videos (take only what you need for your lesson)
Record you voice to add introduction/narration
Embed questions to check the understanding of your students
Assign it, track who watched it, how questions were answered, etc.
Turning videos into lessons
14. Zondag met Lubach
Neo Magazin Royale
Make Poland Great Again
?
Looking beyond the US
15. To be taken seriously, you don’t have to report or teach it
seriously.
Pedagogical advantages: satirical messages improve critical
thinking skills as well as recall & recognition.
Satire is…
Less real, perhaps; but more true!
(Luigi Pirandello, Six Characters in Search of an Author)
Summary
How many of you check the news and think “God, I wish this story was fake…”
And do you find some news to be so absurd, that you cannot help but laugh?
Unfortunately, in the post-truth era, the majority of news programmes don’t know when or how to laugh at the absurd.
It’s all about reporting the sensational/breaking stuff; the opposing opinions, without questioning or investigating this far and deep enough. This isn’t a good model for source evaluation.
I’d recommend the integration of satire into library instruction to empower students to think critically (and reflectively) about the political and social dimensions of information literacy. My focus is on news (entirely fake or not, but manipulated) that distract, confuse, deliberately marginalise or even overlook certain voices.
This isn’t enough to tackle fake news.
The problem is that we are assuming people will accept the same indicators of authority – these may not correspond to their own bases for recognising legitimate cognitive authorities (Bluemle, 2018: 278)
Moreover, many people today refuse to be embarrassed about lying and spreading false information…
This brings me to an alternative pedagogical tool…It’s more than ‘spotting’ fake news (the “what”). Instead, satirical form focuses on the ‘how’ and the ‘why’ of misinformation.
Analysis = According to Jon Stewart (named the most trusted newscaster in a TIME magazine poll in 2009), “the press can hold its magnifying [glass] up to our problems bring them into focus (…) or they can use that magnifying glass to light ants on fire and then perhaps host a week of shows on the sudden, unexpected dangerous flaming ant epidemic.”(address delivered at the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear, Washington, D.C., Oct 20, 2010)
Memory = using archive footage counters politicians attempts to rewrite history, adds historical context
Redaction = looking at what was said a day/week/month ago, preventing the audience from forgetting or overlooking important information that is relevant to the story of the day
Speaking of creating connections, connecting the dots…
Let’s not forge synthesis or skip steps…
Our brains perform differently depending on our emotional state
Positive mood makes us feel better, and is also characterised by a tendency toward greater creativity and flexibility in problem solving as well as more efficiency and thoroughness in decision making (Picard et al, 2004)
Satire requires some “knowledge base”, i.e. the audience must recognise the irony that’s at the heart of the message/humour (it must make the connection…)
April Fool’s joke by The Guardian (1977)7-page travel supplement on tiny tropical republic of San SerriffeEverything connected with San Serriffe was named after printing and typesetting terms (shape of a semi-colon, Bodoni, upper case/lower case)Advertisers complicit in the joke (“Kodak would like to see it”) = greater success
https://www.theguardian.com/gnmeducationcentre/archive-educational-resource-april-2012
Oliver & Meyers – investigative comedy
Bee & Noah – strong in the 18-34 demographic, female and black perspectives
Colbert – the “old guard” (coined the term “truthiness”, “no fact zone”, wikiality, etc.)
SNL – sketch comedy
Other: Ellen Show, Amy Schumer, Parks and Recreation, Veep
5 seasons, 132 episodes (3 more by the end of this month)
Colbert
Facebook was recently involved in a data breach scandal. This video illustrates why GDPR measures are timely and needed – especially to strengthen your control over your data.
Link between the two – the right to be forgotten
The Internet has an unforgiving memory (https://youtu.be/r-ERajkMXw0?t=4m4s) - play until 5:06
It proves to be a good attention gaining technique
John Oliver resonates well (identification due to him being British?)
Class interaction: some respond with laugher, some with mild amusement, still other with wonder at why other people are laughing – students may leave wondering – what is it that I’m not getting? But this gives the class a moment on which to reflect on their differences
I anticipated some students will be confused or distracted… anthropology student – very sceptical at first…
Future plans: embedded workshop in Journalism (News Media or Reporting Britain)
https://goggles.mozilla.org/
Actively create fake news headlines and start a discussion; make your class guess what’s true, or what’s “truthy” or feels right.
http://breakyourownnews.com/
Careful with mentioning POTUS as he might retweet it!
https://edpuzzle.com/
There’s considerable evidence that political satire works around the world
Arjen Lubach (7 seasons) – kicked off the “Second” movement… We totally understand it’s going to be “America first”, but can we just say Netherlands, second?
Jan Bohmermann – interesting segment “PRISM is a dancer”; Who Wants to be Second? Initiative – http://everysecondcounts.eu/
MPGA – online-only; investigative comedy in the style of John Oliver
Who Wants to be Second: self-disparaging humour, critique of protectionism and populism…These shows are needed – they talk about politics using the language of Internet