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Sebastian Krutkowski
Academic Achievement Librarian
15:4
5
Lists, checklists and infographics (e.g. IFLA, CILIP), widely disseminated in
our field:
Spotting fake news
 Melissa Zimdars – False, misleading, clickbait-y, and/or satirical ‘news’
sources (https://goo.gl/vLsGQS)
 CRAAP test
 Imagine you’re stuck with evaluating a piece of information…
Will you try to remember if that source was listed as false or
clickbait-y?
Satire
“Artistic means of pointing out and holding up for scrutiny and criticism
some ridiculousness and absurd by, ironically enough, being somewhat
ridiculous.” (Jones, 2009: 213)
 Analyses (or exposes the lack of) the analysis in ‘regular’ news
 Gives the news a memory (Basu, 2018)
 Uses redaction (appropriating news footage from several sources) to
create something new from existing material
 All of this can give the audience a corrective on misinformation and
encourage them to make connections (between sources of news and
ways of reporting the news)
Adapted from Bloom (1956)
Hierarchy of Educational Objectives
Humour
 Attention-gaining method
 Relaxes the learning environment
 Helps to form relationships and strengthen human connections, e.g.
class-instructor (Savage et al., 2017)
 Improves recall and recognition (Carlson, 2011)
 Course-related humour correlates positively with student learning
(Wanzer, Frymier & Irwin, 2009)
Recognising humour
List of useful political satire clips
https://goo.gl/5HNbpT
Political satire on TV
 US-specific episodes: net neutrality, opioid crisis, Obamacare,
gerrymandering, televangelism, NRA, voter ID laws
 International topics: Brexit, Italian general election, crisis in
Venezuela
 Universal themes: paid parental leave, Paris Agreement (climate
change), mental health, LGBTQ rights, student debt, sugar,
pharmaceutical marketing, online harassment
5 seasons, 132 episodes
https://youtu.be/qyKivZT2wig?t=20s
https://youtu.be/r-ERajkMXw0?t=4m4s
How did the students
respond so far?Follow-up activities
X-Ray Goggles
Trump given honorary degree from UoR
Fake News Generator
 Trim videos (take only what you need for your lesson)
 Record you voice to add introduction/narration
 Embed questions to check the understanding of your students
 Assign it, track who watched it, how questions were answered, etc.
Turning videos into lessons
Zondag met Lubach
Neo Magazin Royale
Make Poland Great Again
?
Looking beyond the US
 To be taken seriously, you don’t have to report or teach it
seriously.
 Pedagogical advantages: satirical messages improve critical
thinking skills as well as recall & recognition.
 Satire is…
Less real, perhaps; but more true!
(Luigi Pirandello, Six Characters in Search of an Author)
Summary
To be continued…
Libraries Promoting Reflective Dialogue in a Time of Political
Polarization

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Libraries Promoting Reflective Dialogue

  • 2. Lists, checklists and infographics (e.g. IFLA, CILIP), widely disseminated in our field: Spotting fake news  Melissa Zimdars – False, misleading, clickbait-y, and/or satirical ‘news’ sources (https://goo.gl/vLsGQS)  CRAAP test  Imagine you’re stuck with evaluating a piece of information… Will you try to remember if that source was listed as false or clickbait-y?
  • 3. Satire “Artistic means of pointing out and holding up for scrutiny and criticism some ridiculousness and absurd by, ironically enough, being somewhat ridiculous.” (Jones, 2009: 213)  Analyses (or exposes the lack of) the analysis in ‘regular’ news  Gives the news a memory (Basu, 2018)  Uses redaction (appropriating news footage from several sources) to create something new from existing material  All of this can give the audience a corrective on misinformation and encourage them to make connections (between sources of news and ways of reporting the news)
  • 4. Adapted from Bloom (1956) Hierarchy of Educational Objectives
  • 5. Humour  Attention-gaining method  Relaxes the learning environment  Helps to form relationships and strengthen human connections, e.g. class-instructor (Savage et al., 2017)  Improves recall and recognition (Carlson, 2011)  Course-related humour correlates positively with student learning (Wanzer, Frymier & Irwin, 2009)
  • 7. List of useful political satire clips https://goo.gl/5HNbpT Political satire on TV
  • 8.  US-specific episodes: net neutrality, opioid crisis, Obamacare, gerrymandering, televangelism, NRA, voter ID laws  International topics: Brexit, Italian general election, crisis in Venezuela  Universal themes: paid parental leave, Paris Agreement (climate change), mental health, LGBTQ rights, student debt, sugar, pharmaceutical marketing, online harassment 5 seasons, 132 episodes
  • 10. How did the students respond so far?Follow-up activities
  • 12. Trump given honorary degree from UoR Fake News Generator
  • 13.  Trim videos (take only what you need for your lesson)  Record you voice to add introduction/narration  Embed questions to check the understanding of your students  Assign it, track who watched it, how questions were answered, etc. Turning videos into lessons
  • 14. Zondag met Lubach Neo Magazin Royale Make Poland Great Again ? Looking beyond the US
  • 15.  To be taken seriously, you don’t have to report or teach it seriously.  Pedagogical advantages: satirical messages improve critical thinking skills as well as recall & recognition.  Satire is… Less real, perhaps; but more true! (Luigi Pirandello, Six Characters in Search of an Author) Summary
  • 16. To be continued… Libraries Promoting Reflective Dialogue in a Time of Political Polarization

Editor's Notes

  1. How many of you check the news and think “God, I wish this story was fake…” And do you find some news to be so absurd, that you cannot help but laugh? Unfortunately, in the post-truth era, the majority of news programmes don’t know when or how to laugh at the absurd. It’s all about reporting the sensational/breaking stuff; the opposing opinions, without questioning or investigating this far and deep enough. This isn’t a good model for source evaluation. I’d recommend the integration of satire into library instruction to empower students to think critically (and reflectively) about the political and social dimensions of information literacy. My focus is on news (entirely fake or not, but manipulated) that distract, confuse, deliberately marginalise or even overlook certain voices.
  2. This isn’t enough to tackle fake news. The problem is that we are assuming people will accept the same indicators of authority – these may not correspond to their own bases for recognising legitimate cognitive authorities (Bluemle, 2018: 278) Moreover, many people today refuse to be embarrassed about lying and spreading false information…
  3. This brings me to an alternative pedagogical tool… It’s more than ‘spotting’ fake news (the “what”). Instead, satirical form focuses on the ‘how’ and the ‘why’ of misinformation. Analysis = According to Jon Stewart (named the most trusted newscaster in a TIME magazine poll in 2009), “the press can hold its magnifying [glass] up to our problems bring them into focus (…) or they can use that magnifying glass to light ants on fire and then perhaps host a week of shows on the sudden, unexpected dangerous flaming ant epidemic.” (address delivered at the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear, Washington, D.C., Oct 20, 2010) Memory = using archive footage counters politicians attempts to rewrite history, adds historical context Redaction = looking at what was said a day/week/month ago, preventing the audience from forgetting or overlooking important information that is relevant to the story of the day
  4. Speaking of creating connections, connecting the dots… Let’s not forge synthesis or skip steps…
  5. Our brains perform differently depending on our emotional state Positive mood makes us feel better, and is also characterised by a tendency toward greater creativity and flexibility in problem solving as well as more efficiency and thoroughness in decision making (Picard et al, 2004)
  6. Satire requires some “knowledge base”, i.e. the audience must recognise the irony that’s at the heart of the message/humour (it must make the connection…) April Fool’s joke by The Guardian (1977) 7-page travel supplement on tiny tropical republic of San Serriffe Everything connected with San Serriffe was named after printing and typesetting terms (shape of a semi-colon, Bodoni, upper case/lower case) Advertisers complicit in the joke (“Kodak would like to see it”) = greater success https://www.theguardian.com/gnmeducationcentre/archive-educational-resource-april-2012
  7. Oliver & Meyers – investigative comedy Bee & Noah – strong in the 18-34 demographic, female and black perspectives Colbert – the “old guard” (coined the term “truthiness”, “no fact zone”, wikiality, etc.) SNL – sketch comedy Other: Ellen Show, Amy Schumer, Parks and Recreation, Veep
  8. 5 seasons, 132 episodes (3 more by the end of this month)
  9. Colbert Facebook was recently involved in a data breach scandal. This video illustrates why GDPR measures are timely and needed – especially to strengthen your control over your data. Link between the two – the right to be forgotten The Internet has an unforgiving memory (https://youtu.be/r-ERajkMXw0?t=4m4s) - play until 5:06
  10. It proves to be a good attention gaining technique John Oliver resonates well (identification due to him being British?) Class interaction: some respond with laugher, some with mild amusement, still other with wonder at why other people are laughing – students may leave wondering – what is it that I’m not getting? But this gives the class a moment on which to reflect on their differences I anticipated some students will be confused or distracted… anthropology student – very sceptical at first… Future plans: embedded workshop in Journalism (News Media or Reporting Britain)
  11. https://goggles.mozilla.org/ Actively create fake news headlines and start a discussion; make your class guess what’s true, or what’s “truthy” or feels right.
  12. http://breakyourownnews.com/ Careful with mentioning POTUS as he might retweet it!
  13. https://edpuzzle.com/
  14. There’s considerable evidence that political satire works around the world Arjen Lubach (7 seasons) – kicked off the “Second” movement… We totally understand it’s going to be “America first”, but can we just say Netherlands, second? Jan Bohmermann – interesting segment “PRISM is a dancer”; Who Wants to be Second? Initiative – http://everysecondcounts.eu/ MPGA – online-only; investigative comedy in the style of John Oliver Who Wants to be Second: self-disparaging humour, critique of protectionism and populism… These shows are needed – they talk about politics using the language of Internet