This document summarizes research from 34 teaching school alliances on developing alternative approaches to assessment without the use of levels. It describes the priorities that emerged from the research, including developing assessment tools to provide feedback to support individual progress, capture progress, and use technology to track attainment. The report provides examples of strategies and tools developed, and concludes with recommendations for further developing assessment approaches and sharing best practices between schools.
OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outc...EduSkills OECD
This document discusses an OECD review of school evaluation frameworks in the Flemish Community of Belgium. It provides an overview of the review, including the analytical approach used and assessment of strengths and challenges. The review team found that while schools have responsibility for quality, evaluation could be better embedded in a vision linking different approaches. It also found variation in school self-evaluation capacity and made recommendations like clarifying evaluation goals and increasing the use of objective information and competency development to strengthen evaluation.
Presentation by Patricia Wastiau.
Presentazione di Patricia Wastiau, Consigliere principale per studi e ricerche di EUN, in occasione del Convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola" (Napoli 14-15 Maggio), organizzato dall'Indire.
Presentation by Robert Hassell - Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER).
ABSTRACT
Since 2012 all Australian States and territories, and the Federal government, have endorsed an approach to school improvement that was originally developed by the Australian Council for Educational Research in conjunction with the Queensland State Government. While there is an increasing trend towards autonomy of school leadership, all schools in Australia are expected to write a school improvement plan. Rather than focusing purely on desired outcomes, the approach is based on the view that the most effective strategy for improving student achievement in schools is to improve the quality of day-to-day teaching and learning. In this presentation I will outline the research and development underpinning the National School Improvement Tool (ACER, 2012) and its current use for school improvement review and planning that focuses on these important behaviours.
Presentazione di Robert Hassel in occasione del suo intervento al convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola", tenutosi a Napoli il 14-15 Maggio 2015 e organizzato dall'Indire.
Presentation by Leonidas Kyriakides, Department of Education, University of Cyprus, Cyprus.
ABSTRACT
This paper refers to the dynamic approach to school improvement (DASI) which attempts to contribute to the merging of educational effectiveness research and school improvement. The main underlying assumptions and the implementation phases of DASI are presented. The recommended approach gives emphasis to school policies and actions taken to improve teaching and the school learning environment. Moreover, the importance of establishing school evaluation mechanisms and collecting data to identify improvement priorities is stressed. Furthermore, DASI emphasizes the use of the available knowledge base in relation to the main aims of the efforts made by schools to deal with the different challenges/problems being faced. Therefore, a research and advisory team is expected to support school stakeholders develop, implement, and evaluate their own school improvement strategies and action plans. Group-randomization studies investigating the impact of DASI on promoting student learning outcomes are also presented. These studies reveal the conditions in which DASI can promote student learning outcomes. Finally, suggestions for research, policy and practice are provided.
Presentazione di Leonidas Kyriakides ( Università di Cipro) in occasione del suo intervento al convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola" (Napoli, 14-15 Maggio 2015), organizzato dall'Indire.
OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outc...EduSkills OECD
Purpose: To explore how systems of E&A can be used to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education.
Focus: A Review of national approaches to E&A in school education (primary and secondary schools)
Comprehensive approach: The Review looks at the various components of E&A such as:
Student assessment;
Teacher appraisal;
School evaluation;
The appraisal of school leaders;
Education system evaluation.
A presentation to the Board of Higher Education at their meeting on April 28, 2015 by:
- Dr. Carlos Santiago, Senior Deputy Commissioner for Academic Affairs at the Department of Higher Education
- Dr. Leslie Bolinger Horton, Dean of School of Math & Science at Quinsigamond Community College
- Dr. Maura Mast, Associate Vice Provost of Undergraduate Studies at UMass Boston
- Dr. Karin Vorwerk, Professor and Chair of the Department of Mathematics at Westfield State University
Presentation by Jan Håkansson - Linnaeus university, Sweden
Abstract:
The presentation focuses learnings from principals and teachers school
based curriculum and improvement work in five compulsory schools in
Sweden. The long term goal for the schools is to improve pupils academic
achievement, and in focus for the improvement work is two different areas
of teaching: classroom management and development if language in all
subjects. The results presented pay attention to: i) classroom
observations of teaching as a strategy, ii) principals and teachers
learning during improvement work, and iii) school¹s capacity building
through different qualities of learning.
Convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola", Napoli NH Ambassador 14-16 Maggio 2015
OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outc...EduSkills OECD
This document discusses an OECD review of school evaluation frameworks in the Flemish Community of Belgium. It provides an overview of the review, including the analytical approach used and assessment of strengths and challenges. The review team found that while schools have responsibility for quality, evaluation could be better embedded in a vision linking different approaches. It also found variation in school self-evaluation capacity and made recommendations like clarifying evaluation goals and increasing the use of objective information and competency development to strengthen evaluation.
Presentation by Patricia Wastiau.
Presentazione di Patricia Wastiau, Consigliere principale per studi e ricerche di EUN, in occasione del Convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola" (Napoli 14-15 Maggio), organizzato dall'Indire.
Presentation by Robert Hassell - Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER).
ABSTRACT
Since 2012 all Australian States and territories, and the Federal government, have endorsed an approach to school improvement that was originally developed by the Australian Council for Educational Research in conjunction with the Queensland State Government. While there is an increasing trend towards autonomy of school leadership, all schools in Australia are expected to write a school improvement plan. Rather than focusing purely on desired outcomes, the approach is based on the view that the most effective strategy for improving student achievement in schools is to improve the quality of day-to-day teaching and learning. In this presentation I will outline the research and development underpinning the National School Improvement Tool (ACER, 2012) and its current use for school improvement review and planning that focuses on these important behaviours.
Presentazione di Robert Hassel in occasione del suo intervento al convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola", tenutosi a Napoli il 14-15 Maggio 2015 e organizzato dall'Indire.
Presentation by Leonidas Kyriakides, Department of Education, University of Cyprus, Cyprus.
ABSTRACT
This paper refers to the dynamic approach to school improvement (DASI) which attempts to contribute to the merging of educational effectiveness research and school improvement. The main underlying assumptions and the implementation phases of DASI are presented. The recommended approach gives emphasis to school policies and actions taken to improve teaching and the school learning environment. Moreover, the importance of establishing school evaluation mechanisms and collecting data to identify improvement priorities is stressed. Furthermore, DASI emphasizes the use of the available knowledge base in relation to the main aims of the efforts made by schools to deal with the different challenges/problems being faced. Therefore, a research and advisory team is expected to support school stakeholders develop, implement, and evaluate their own school improvement strategies and action plans. Group-randomization studies investigating the impact of DASI on promoting student learning outcomes are also presented. These studies reveal the conditions in which DASI can promote student learning outcomes. Finally, suggestions for research, policy and practice are provided.
Presentazione di Leonidas Kyriakides ( Università di Cipro) in occasione del suo intervento al convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola" (Napoli, 14-15 Maggio 2015), organizzato dall'Indire.
OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outc...EduSkills OECD
Purpose: To explore how systems of E&A can be used to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education.
Focus: A Review of national approaches to E&A in school education (primary and secondary schools)
Comprehensive approach: The Review looks at the various components of E&A such as:
Student assessment;
Teacher appraisal;
School evaluation;
The appraisal of school leaders;
Education system evaluation.
A presentation to the Board of Higher Education at their meeting on April 28, 2015 by:
- Dr. Carlos Santiago, Senior Deputy Commissioner for Academic Affairs at the Department of Higher Education
- Dr. Leslie Bolinger Horton, Dean of School of Math & Science at Quinsigamond Community College
- Dr. Maura Mast, Associate Vice Provost of Undergraduate Studies at UMass Boston
- Dr. Karin Vorwerk, Professor and Chair of the Department of Mathematics at Westfield State University
Presentation by Jan Håkansson - Linnaeus university, Sweden
Abstract:
The presentation focuses learnings from principals and teachers school
based curriculum and improvement work in five compulsory schools in
Sweden. The long term goal for the schools is to improve pupils academic
achievement, and in focus for the improvement work is two different areas
of teaching: classroom management and development if language in all
subjects. The results presented pay attention to: i) classroom
observations of teaching as a strategy, ii) principals and teachers
learning during improvement work, and iii) school¹s capacity building
through different qualities of learning.
Convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola", Napoli NH Ambassador 14-16 Maggio 2015
This document discusses the program review and planning cycle at LATTC and options for improving the process. It notes that LATTC received an accreditation recommendation to fully integrate program review, planning, and resource allocation. Two approaches are examined: a staggered program review by program every 4 years, or using modular cycles where all programs address 2-3 sections each year. The modular approach may better synchronize the college planning process and enable more relevant use of program review results, though it would be a new process requiring approval and time to implement. Input and questions are solicited on the pros and cons of each approach.
The document outlines a six-step process for school self-evaluation: 1) identify focus areas, 2) gather evidence, 3) analyze and make judgements, 4) write and share a report and improvement plan, 5) put the improvement plan into action, and 6) monitor actions and evaluate impact. Schools should select between two and four aspects of teaching and learning to focus on, such as assessment practices or engagement in learning. The process is meant to help schools introduce initiatives like the Framework for Junior Cycle and focus on literacy and numeracy. Schools evaluate their practices, set targets for improvement, and create three-year plans to implement actions to achieve targets and monitor progress.
This document provides an overview of the curriculum development process and outlines 11 key components:
1. A curriculum development committee plans the process and guides implementation.
2. Research identifies issues and trends to inform a needs assessment gathering teacher, student, and community perspectives.
3. A philosophy and goals are articulated to guide the program aligned with research, needs, and standards.
4. Objectives are developed and sequenced to specify expectations at each grade level.
5. Resources are identified to support teaching objectives.
6. Assessments are developed to measure student achievement of objectives.
7. The new program is implemented with support for teachers.
8. The program is continuously updated and improved through evaluation.
This document summarizes research on schoolwide projects and new academic standards. It finds that (1) these programs provide additional resources to low-income schools, allowing them to strengthen programs comprehensively rather than categorically. (2) Common components that emerged include reduced class sizes, more staff development, and increased parent involvement. (3) Evaluations of student performance yielded mixed results that tended to be small, and more research is still needed beyond the initial implementation phase.
Olc 2017 april-how to promote large scale adoption of adaptive courseware allKaren Vignare
This document summarizes a presentation on promoting large-scale adoption of adaptive courseware. It discusses eight universities that are accelerating adoption over three years and sharing their experiences. The presentation covers defining adaptive courseware, approaches to achieving widespread usage, selecting courseware, and challenges in implementation. Key strategies discussed include cross-institution collaboration, incentivizing faculty, and taking a data-driven approach through pilots and iterations. The goal is to personalize learning, improve student outcomes, and reduce costs through embracing new educational models.
The CSU AAUP Workload Study examined changing academic workloads and their effects on the CSU system's ability to provide quality education. Data was collected through surveys and interviews from 2009-2010. Key findings include:
- Full-time faculty worked an average of 57 hours per week during the academic year and spent over 5 weeks working during the summer.
- Instructional load credits focused more on teaching than non-instructional activities like research. Faculty expressed a desire for more research time.
- Strategic initiatives increased faculty workload without additional resources, hindering implementation.
- Part-time faculty and librarians reported lower satisfaction than national averages, especially regarding workload, support, and fair treatment
Collecting feedback on quality indicators of the higher education student exp...Sonia Whiteley
Presentation about Australia's national system for collecting feedback from undergraduate university students about their teaching and learning experiences.
Factors Affecting the Utilization or Non-Utilization of the Portfolio Assessm...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This study involved an investigation of the factors that affect the utilization or non-utilization of portfolio assessment in evaluating performance in mathematics of both college and high school students from De La Salle Lipa. Thirty-five teachers were asked to accomplish two validated brief surveys – one is for gathering information about their profile and the other is for probing into the different assessment tools they are using to evaluate the performance of their students in mathematics. Out of the 35 respondents, only 9 were using portfolio assessment either in the form of report of group project, open-ended questions, or draft, revised and final versions of students work on a complex mathematical problem. The demand for considerable time in planning instructional activities and development of grading rubrics or criteria were among the limiting factors identified by the 26 respondents for not using portfolio assessment. Among the alternative forms of assessment used by these teachers were KPUP (Knowledge, Process, Understanding and Product) Oriented, UbD (Understanding by Design) approach, and online assessment tools.
- The document discusses a proposed quality assurance procedure for distance learning programs developed by the Distance Learning Committee at Frederick University.
- The procedure was created as part of the university's strategic plan to provide quality distance education and continuously improve distance learning programs.
- The current research aims to implement and evaluate the internal quality assurance procedure, and examine if courses are aligned with the distance learning philosophy, pedagogical framework, and guidelines provided by the Distance Learning Committee.
Impact of Student Satisfaction on Teaching Practice: A Case Study of Engineer...researchinventy
This article presents the results of a student satisfaction study of an engineering program in relation to the quality of training received. The objective is to evaluate the existing system and propose a qualitative approach directing teaching practices to better meet the expectations of different stakeholders. As an indicator of performance of the process of teaching, descriptive statistical analysis of the level of student satisfaction evaluated using a questionnaire will confirm the usefulness of the proposed conceptual framework to improve the quality of training.
This document discusses a University of South Wales initiative to monitor student engagement through various technological data sources and activity monitoring in order to improve student retention. It aims to raise awareness of retention issues, promote retention strategies, and demonstrate learning analytics as an enhancement approach. Examples from 2012-2013 show how monitoring student interactions on Blackboard, email platforms, and other services can provide insights into engagement and inform targeted retention efforts. The document also outlines different learning analytics techniques used to analyze internal student data and external indicators to understand the student life cycle and identify at-risk students.
According to the 2018 annual report from the Office of Charter Schools:
- There are 184 operating charter schools in the state enrolling over 109,000 students, which is 7.3% of the state's total enrollment.
- Eleven charter schools underwent renewal reviews in 2018, with nine receiving 10-year renewals and two receiving 3-year renewals.
- The percentage of economically disadvantaged students enrolled in charter schools has been increasing each year since 2014-2015.
- The number of charter schools exceeding growth targets and the number earning high performance grades has increased in recent years.
The document outlines North Carolina's comprehensive plan for improving reading achievement from kindergarten through third grade. It discusses six main components of the plan: implementing evidence-based reading instruction, assessing students, eliminating social promotion, supporting retained students, notifying parents, and ensuring accountability. The plan focuses on early intervention, high-quality literacy instruction, data-informed decisions, professional development, parental involvement, and providing multiple pathways for students to demonstrate reading proficiency. Upcoming steps include emphasizing evidence-based practices, implementing interventions quickly based on data, clearly defining supports, guiding reading camps, and collaborating with educators and parents.
An evidence-informed system – an evidence-informed inspectorateOfsted
Daniel Muijs argues that being evidence-informed is important for improving education and promoting social justice. While research has found effective teaching practices and what makes effective schools, the evidence base differs across areas and must be applied appropriately to local contexts. Ofsted aims to make its inspection process more evidence-informed by conducting research on key areas like lesson observations, educational effectiveness, and curriculum design to help develop valid criteria and measures. The ultimate goal is for both schools and the education system as a whole, including inspection processes, to be more informed by rigorous research.
Owning accountability: options and requirements for teaching and assessment i...Protocol_Education
The document discusses the changes to assessment in the new National Curriculum in the UK, including removing National Curriculum levels, implementing a reception baseline assessment, and phasing in new assessment frameworks through 2016. It outlines the timeline for changes from early years to post-16 qualifications, options for schools to develop their own assessment systems, and the increased responsibility of schools to provide careers guidance for students up to age 18.
- The document discusses Ofsted's requirements around equality and diversity (E&D) and how inspections have changed to focus more on E&D.
- Key changes include greater focus on how providers collect and use data to improve outcomes for different groups, promote E&D, and handle incidents and complaints related to discrimination.
- Inspectors will evaluate how well E&D is managed for learners, staff, employers and others involved with the provider. Outstanding providers show E&D is well-promoted and embedded throughout.
This document outlines guidelines for school self-evaluation from 2016-2020. It presents a six-step process for schools to engage in self-evaluation: 1) identify a focus, 2) gather evidence, 3) analyze and make judgements, 4) write a report and improvement plan, 5) implement the plan, and 6) monitor progress and evaluate impact. The purpose is for schools to reflect on teaching and learning practices, identify strengths and areas for improvement, and create targeted plans to enhance student outcomes. Schools should use the Quality Framework and statements of effective practice provided to guide their analysis and goal-setting. The process is meant to be collaborative and evidence-based, with schools continually engaging in cycles of evaluation and improvement.
This document provides guidance for schools on conducting self-evaluation of teaching and learning as part of a school improvement process. It describes school self-evaluation as a collaborative and reflective process whereby schools evaluate their work, identify strengths and areas for improvement. The key aspects of the process include gathering and analyzing evidence on outcomes, learning and teaching; drawing conclusions; developing an improvement plan; and implementing and monitoring the plan. Schools are advised to start by focusing on a specific area like literacy or numeracy, and to involve teachers, students, parents and leadership in the self-evaluation.
This document discusses the program review and planning cycle at LATTC and options for improving the process. It notes that LATTC received an accreditation recommendation to fully integrate program review, planning, and resource allocation. Two approaches are examined: a staggered program review by program every 4 years, or using modular cycles where all programs address 2-3 sections each year. The modular approach may better synchronize the college planning process and enable more relevant use of program review results, though it would be a new process requiring approval and time to implement. Input and questions are solicited on the pros and cons of each approach.
The document outlines a six-step process for school self-evaluation: 1) identify focus areas, 2) gather evidence, 3) analyze and make judgements, 4) write and share a report and improvement plan, 5) put the improvement plan into action, and 6) monitor actions and evaluate impact. Schools should select between two and four aspects of teaching and learning to focus on, such as assessment practices or engagement in learning. The process is meant to help schools introduce initiatives like the Framework for Junior Cycle and focus on literacy and numeracy. Schools evaluate their practices, set targets for improvement, and create three-year plans to implement actions to achieve targets and monitor progress.
This document provides an overview of the curriculum development process and outlines 11 key components:
1. A curriculum development committee plans the process and guides implementation.
2. Research identifies issues and trends to inform a needs assessment gathering teacher, student, and community perspectives.
3. A philosophy and goals are articulated to guide the program aligned with research, needs, and standards.
4. Objectives are developed and sequenced to specify expectations at each grade level.
5. Resources are identified to support teaching objectives.
6. Assessments are developed to measure student achievement of objectives.
7. The new program is implemented with support for teachers.
8. The program is continuously updated and improved through evaluation.
This document summarizes research on schoolwide projects and new academic standards. It finds that (1) these programs provide additional resources to low-income schools, allowing them to strengthen programs comprehensively rather than categorically. (2) Common components that emerged include reduced class sizes, more staff development, and increased parent involvement. (3) Evaluations of student performance yielded mixed results that tended to be small, and more research is still needed beyond the initial implementation phase.
Olc 2017 april-how to promote large scale adoption of adaptive courseware allKaren Vignare
This document summarizes a presentation on promoting large-scale adoption of adaptive courseware. It discusses eight universities that are accelerating adoption over three years and sharing their experiences. The presentation covers defining adaptive courseware, approaches to achieving widespread usage, selecting courseware, and challenges in implementation. Key strategies discussed include cross-institution collaboration, incentivizing faculty, and taking a data-driven approach through pilots and iterations. The goal is to personalize learning, improve student outcomes, and reduce costs through embracing new educational models.
The CSU AAUP Workload Study examined changing academic workloads and their effects on the CSU system's ability to provide quality education. Data was collected through surveys and interviews from 2009-2010. Key findings include:
- Full-time faculty worked an average of 57 hours per week during the academic year and spent over 5 weeks working during the summer.
- Instructional load credits focused more on teaching than non-instructional activities like research. Faculty expressed a desire for more research time.
- Strategic initiatives increased faculty workload without additional resources, hindering implementation.
- Part-time faculty and librarians reported lower satisfaction than national averages, especially regarding workload, support, and fair treatment
Collecting feedback on quality indicators of the higher education student exp...Sonia Whiteley
Presentation about Australia's national system for collecting feedback from undergraduate university students about their teaching and learning experiences.
Factors Affecting the Utilization or Non-Utilization of the Portfolio Assessm...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This study involved an investigation of the factors that affect the utilization or non-utilization of portfolio assessment in evaluating performance in mathematics of both college and high school students from De La Salle Lipa. Thirty-five teachers were asked to accomplish two validated brief surveys – one is for gathering information about their profile and the other is for probing into the different assessment tools they are using to evaluate the performance of their students in mathematics. Out of the 35 respondents, only 9 were using portfolio assessment either in the form of report of group project, open-ended questions, or draft, revised and final versions of students work on a complex mathematical problem. The demand for considerable time in planning instructional activities and development of grading rubrics or criteria were among the limiting factors identified by the 26 respondents for not using portfolio assessment. Among the alternative forms of assessment used by these teachers were KPUP (Knowledge, Process, Understanding and Product) Oriented, UbD (Understanding by Design) approach, and online assessment tools.
- The document discusses a proposed quality assurance procedure for distance learning programs developed by the Distance Learning Committee at Frederick University.
- The procedure was created as part of the university's strategic plan to provide quality distance education and continuously improve distance learning programs.
- The current research aims to implement and evaluate the internal quality assurance procedure, and examine if courses are aligned with the distance learning philosophy, pedagogical framework, and guidelines provided by the Distance Learning Committee.
Impact of Student Satisfaction on Teaching Practice: A Case Study of Engineer...researchinventy
This article presents the results of a student satisfaction study of an engineering program in relation to the quality of training received. The objective is to evaluate the existing system and propose a qualitative approach directing teaching practices to better meet the expectations of different stakeholders. As an indicator of performance of the process of teaching, descriptive statistical analysis of the level of student satisfaction evaluated using a questionnaire will confirm the usefulness of the proposed conceptual framework to improve the quality of training.
This document discusses a University of South Wales initiative to monitor student engagement through various technological data sources and activity monitoring in order to improve student retention. It aims to raise awareness of retention issues, promote retention strategies, and demonstrate learning analytics as an enhancement approach. Examples from 2012-2013 show how monitoring student interactions on Blackboard, email platforms, and other services can provide insights into engagement and inform targeted retention efforts. The document also outlines different learning analytics techniques used to analyze internal student data and external indicators to understand the student life cycle and identify at-risk students.
According to the 2018 annual report from the Office of Charter Schools:
- There are 184 operating charter schools in the state enrolling over 109,000 students, which is 7.3% of the state's total enrollment.
- Eleven charter schools underwent renewal reviews in 2018, with nine receiving 10-year renewals and two receiving 3-year renewals.
- The percentage of economically disadvantaged students enrolled in charter schools has been increasing each year since 2014-2015.
- The number of charter schools exceeding growth targets and the number earning high performance grades has increased in recent years.
The document outlines North Carolina's comprehensive plan for improving reading achievement from kindergarten through third grade. It discusses six main components of the plan: implementing evidence-based reading instruction, assessing students, eliminating social promotion, supporting retained students, notifying parents, and ensuring accountability. The plan focuses on early intervention, high-quality literacy instruction, data-informed decisions, professional development, parental involvement, and providing multiple pathways for students to demonstrate reading proficiency. Upcoming steps include emphasizing evidence-based practices, implementing interventions quickly based on data, clearly defining supports, guiding reading camps, and collaborating with educators and parents.
An evidence-informed system – an evidence-informed inspectorateOfsted
Daniel Muijs argues that being evidence-informed is important for improving education and promoting social justice. While research has found effective teaching practices and what makes effective schools, the evidence base differs across areas and must be applied appropriately to local contexts. Ofsted aims to make its inspection process more evidence-informed by conducting research on key areas like lesson observations, educational effectiveness, and curriculum design to help develop valid criteria and measures. The ultimate goal is for both schools and the education system as a whole, including inspection processes, to be more informed by rigorous research.
Owning accountability: options and requirements for teaching and assessment i...Protocol_Education
The document discusses the changes to assessment in the new National Curriculum in the UK, including removing National Curriculum levels, implementing a reception baseline assessment, and phasing in new assessment frameworks through 2016. It outlines the timeline for changes from early years to post-16 qualifications, options for schools to develop their own assessment systems, and the increased responsibility of schools to provide careers guidance for students up to age 18.
- The document discusses Ofsted's requirements around equality and diversity (E&D) and how inspections have changed to focus more on E&D.
- Key changes include greater focus on how providers collect and use data to improve outcomes for different groups, promote E&D, and handle incidents and complaints related to discrimination.
- Inspectors will evaluate how well E&D is managed for learners, staff, employers and others involved with the provider. Outstanding providers show E&D is well-promoted and embedded throughout.
This document outlines guidelines for school self-evaluation from 2016-2020. It presents a six-step process for schools to engage in self-evaluation: 1) identify a focus, 2) gather evidence, 3) analyze and make judgements, 4) write a report and improvement plan, 5) implement the plan, and 6) monitor progress and evaluate impact. The purpose is for schools to reflect on teaching and learning practices, identify strengths and areas for improvement, and create targeted plans to enhance student outcomes. Schools should use the Quality Framework and statements of effective practice provided to guide their analysis and goal-setting. The process is meant to be collaborative and evidence-based, with schools continually engaging in cycles of evaluation and improvement.
This document provides guidance for schools on conducting self-evaluation of teaching and learning as part of a school improvement process. It describes school self-evaluation as a collaborative and reflective process whereby schools evaluate their work, identify strengths and areas for improvement. The key aspects of the process include gathering and analyzing evidence on outcomes, learning and teaching; drawing conclusions; developing an improvement plan; and implementing and monitoring the plan. Schools are advised to start by focusing on a specific area like literacy or numeracy, and to involve teachers, students, parents and leadership in the self-evaluation.
This document provides guidelines for schools to conduct self-evaluations of their teaching and learning practices. It introduces school self-evaluation as a process for schools to identify their strengths and areas for improvement through collaborative discussion and use of evidence. The guidelines establish a framework for evaluating teaching and learning based on themes, criteria, and sample tools. They are intended to support schools in conducting self-evaluations, developing reports on the process, and creating improvement plans to enhance the learning experience for students.
This document outlines guidelines for school self-evaluation from 2016-2020. It presents a six-step process for schools to engage in self-evaluation: 1) identify a focus, 2) gather evidence, 3) analyze and make judgements, 4) write a report and improvement plan, 5) implement the plan, and 6) monitor progress. The purpose is for schools to reflect on teaching and learning practices, identify strengths and areas for improvement, and create targeted plans to enhance student outcomes. Schools should use a quality framework and statements of effective practice to guide evaluations and focus on literacy, numeracy, and implementing the new language curriculum. Self-evaluation is meant to be an ongoing, collaborative process that improves teaching and the school
An introduction-to-school-self-evaluation-of-teaching-and-learning-in-post-pr...Martin Brown
School self-evaluation (SSE) is a collaborative process where a school evaluates aspects of its work, particularly teaching and learning. It involves gathering evidence from sources like student outcomes and surveys. This evidence is then analyzed against evaluation criteria to identify strengths and areas for development. The school writes a self-evaluation report and improvement plan focusing on developing areas. The plan is implemented and monitored to improve teaching and learning in the school. SSE should involve all teachers and be led by the principal to enhance practice and benefit students.
Assessment For Learning Effects And ImpactAndrea Porter
This document summarizes research on assessment for learning (AfL). It outlines the key principles and strategies of AfL, including sharing learning goals, formative feedback, peer and self-assessment, and using summative assessments formatively. The research finds these strategies have overwhelmingly positive effects on improving teaching practice and student outcomes. The document concludes by providing guidelines for policymakers and teachers to support successful implementation of AfL in schools.
Discuss the needs and importance of evaluation in education.pdfuplevelway
Evaluation in education refers to the systematic process of assessing and appraising educational programs, curriculum, teaching methodologies, student performance, and overall educational effectiveness. The goal of evaluation is to gather information, make informed decisions, and improve the quality of education.
Needs of Evaluation in Education:
Assessment of Learning Outcomes: Evaluation helps assess whether students are meeting the expected learning outcomes. It provides insights into their knowledge, skills, and understanding of the subject matter.
Curriculum Improvement: Evaluation assists in evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum. It helps identify areas that need improvement or modification to better meet the educational objectives and standards.
Quality Assurance: Evaluation serves as a tool for quality assurance in education. It ensures that educational programs and processes meet established standards and are of a high standard.
Teacher Effectiveness: Evaluating teachers’ performance helps in identifying strengths and areas for improvement. This information is valuable for professional development and enhancing teaching effectiveness.
Feedback for Improvement: Evaluation provides constructive feedback to both educators and students. This feedback is essential for making improvements, refining teaching methods, and enhancing student learning experiences.
Resource Allocation: Through evaluation, educational institutions can assess the efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization. This helps in making informed decisions regarding resource allocation for improved educational outcomes.
Accreditation and Accountability: Evaluation plays a crucial role in the accreditation process for educational institutions. It ensures that institutions meet certain standards, promoting accountability and transparency.
Policy Development: Evaluation provides data and insights that can inform the development of educational policies at various levels, from the classroom to the national education system.
STEP Annual Report 2014-2015 - MANTRA's School Transformation and Empowerment...Anoop Erakkil
School Transformation and Empowerment Project(STEP) is an initiative of MANTRA Social Services - Bangalore, Through STEP, we strive to promote and improve quality of education in schools serving the socioeconomically disadvantaged population of the country.
In the current academic year(2014-2015), MANTRA engaged with 9 schools for the first stage of STEP with a need assessment and report for clarifying and aligning to school’s purpose.
This report captures our work on the ground hitherto – highlighting our activities in Year 1 of STEP,our key learning and strategic intent going forward.
The document summarizes findings from surveys of 2,347 North Carolina teachers and focus groups with 31 educators on topics related to education policy. Key findings include concerns about the state's educator evaluation system and a lack of awareness of resources. Recommendations focus on providing teachers more training and feedback, ensuring awareness of resources, addressing equity issues, and building teacher leadership and collaboration.
The document discusses the educational evaluation and planning processes in the Philippines. It describes how the country assesses the effectiveness of its education system through various mechanisms, including standardized testing, program and institutional evaluations, quality assurance, and policy and research evaluations. Educational planning involves regularly reviewing and updating curriculum, policies, infrastructure, and resources based on needs assessments, stakeholder input, and data analysis to ensure the education system meets evolving needs. Stakeholder engagement, monitoring and evaluation are emphasized throughout the replanning process.
Strategies for scaling a blended learning pilotcschneider36
This white paper—commissioned by the Cities for Education Entrepreneurship Trust (CEE-Trust)—examines
potential responses to the challenges of growth by examining four approaches to scaling a successful blended learning
initiative. Any of these approaches might be used alone or in combination with others, but the most promising efforts
will be those that combine elements from all four approaches into a coherent, overall strategy.
The document outlines a plan for implementing a learning platform called the cLc across an entire school in 5 stages: Familiarization, Exploration, Growth, Integration, and Maturity. It discusses establishing leadership buy-in, piloting with select teachers and students, reviewing policies, providing training, celebrating successes, and ultimately fully integrating the cLc into all aspects of teaching, learning, administration, and communication to transform the school culture. Key steps include developing strategic plans, managing change, addressing challenges, and continuing to innovate and connect with other schools as use of the cLc becomes fully mature.
This document discusses implementing a connected learning community (cLc) in a school. It provides an overview of opportunities that a cLc provides, such as blurring boundaries between formal and informal learning. It also discusses observations from cLc pilots, including how it is changing how students and teachers approach learning. The document then provides a roadmap for cLc implementation, including stages of familiarization, exploration, growth, integration and maturity. Key steps like developing policies, training teachers, and gaining support from leadership are discussed. Challenges like ensuring student access are also addressed.
This document discusses introducing large-scale innovation in schools. It describes current school systems as bureaucratic and resistant to change. A new model is proposed that focuses schools on learning, gives them more autonomy, and engages various stakeholders. A large-scale experiment introduced innovation to 8,000 European schools through teacher professional development, student participation, and sharing of educational resources. Initial results found improvements in schools' ICT culture and teachers' professional development.
CHAPTER 3. CulTivATiNg COllAbORATivE CulTuREs
Collaborative inquiry
Ontario Focused intervention Partnership
The Teaching-Learning Critical Pathway (TLCP) is a promising model used to organize actions for teaching and student learning. The basic idea of the pathway is that when classroom practice is examined collaboratively.
it leads to increased student achievement for all. The Ontario approach is based on collaborative inquiry that involves new ways of working together (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2007b).
In Ontario, the critical learning instructional path was adapted and used with over 800 low-performing schools to provide targeted, nonpu- nitive, and transparent support called the Ontario Focused Intervention Partnership (OFIP). The results were dramatic, with fewer than 100 schools designated as poor performing after three years of use.
The process involves four key steps (see Figure 3.3):
Assess:
A group of teachers, usually a grade team, gathers evidence of current student achievement to identify areas of need. They iden- tify curriculum standards related to that need and review current instructional practices. Together, they design a common assessment that will be administered at the conclusion of the six-week learning cycle.
Plan:
The team develops a six-week learning block based on the standards and selects high-yield instructional strategies. If needed, they engage in professional learning targeted to the identified needs.
Collaborative inquiry: Four Key steps
Act:
The team implements the learning design in their classrooms. Teachers select students to watch as “markers” and will share their progress with the grade team. Teachers monitor both the appropriateness of the instruction and the progress of students. They provide scaffolding and adjustments as needed over the six weeks. They administer the common assessment as a culminat- ing task and collect samples of student work.
Reflect:
In the final stage, the team conducts a teacher moderation cycle using the collected samples of work. Teachers collaboratively assess student work for the “marker” students and identify next steps needed in the student learning. These strategies can usu- ally be applied to groups of students. Next, the team engages in reflection to determine the effectiveness of the learning design and the high-yield strategies chosen and the next steps needed to deepen learning. Ways to support students who were not yet successful are identified, and the data on the learning design and student learning feed into the next six-week cycle.
The power of this model has been to focus transparently on a clear target in a way that motivates and builds capacity across the school. The provincial support included training in the processes and facilitation and fostered a sense of partnership to achieve a common goal of increased student achievement. Teachers, superintendents, and teacher-leaders describe the process as highly challenging but also as the best profession ...
1. Assessment for learning is different from assessment of learning in that it is used to help students learn better rather than evaluate learning. It helps students and teachers see learning goals, a student's progress, and next steps.
2. Research shows that assessment for learning is one of the most powerful ways to improve learning, especially for students who find learning challenging. It helps students learn better now and achieve more throughout their education.
3. Classroom assessment techniques developed by teachers help make the learning process more methodical and systematic by providing feedback to improve teaching methods.
The document discusses the criteria used by the NAAC to assess higher education institutions in India. It outlines seven criteria: 1) Curricular Aspects, 2) Teaching-Learning and Evaluation, 3) Research, Consultancy and Extension, 4) Infrastructure and Learning Resources, 5) Student Support and Progression, 6) Governance, Leadership and Management, and 7) Innovations and Best Practices. Under each criterion are key aspects that reflect the processes and values of the institution being assessed. The criteria provide a framework for evaluating quality across institutions nationally and promoting transformational change.
The document discusses monitoring a school literacy program through ongoing research and assessment. It proposes the following steps:
1) Gathering data on student achievement and teacher practices systematically to identify strengths and weaknesses in the literacy program.
2) Analyzing the collected data to evaluate various components of the literacy program and how well they support student learning.
3) Developing and implementing action plans based on the findings to improve parts of the program that need enhancement, thus continuing the cycle of monitoring.
The goal is to use research-based monitoring strategies to ensure continuous literacy growth for students.
Change, Change Models and The Curriculum ed_093313.pptxIbnRasheedOkunmomi
The document discusses curriculum change, models of curriculum change, and the innovation process. It provides an overview of key topics and then discusses them in more detail. Some of the main points covered include:
1. Curriculum change can occur due to factors like changes in social values, knowledge, or education systems. Different types of change include hardware, software, substitution, alteration, addition, and restructuring.
2. Models for curriculum change include the social interaction approach, which emphasizes language development through social exchange, and the linkage approach, which aims to link research to user needs.
3. The innovation process involves identifying needs, developing and testing solutions, and implementing successful solutions more widely. Planning curriculum change requires identifying
This document discusses frameworks for understanding effective school improvement. It covers school effectiveness research, the school improvement movement, and how the two can be integrated into an effective school improvement model. The key factors of an effective school improvement framework include educational goals, pressure and resources for improvement, school culture and leadership, improvement processes, and student outcomes. Bringing together insights from school effectiveness research and the school improvement movement can help schools develop successful change processes that optimize teaching and learning.
This document outlines an agenda for a leadership development programme focused on closing achievement gaps. It discusses exploring the importance of closing gaps and strategies leaders can use. Key points include identifying gaps in socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity. Leaders are encouraged to analyze data, think strategically, and take action to improve outcomes for disadvantaged groups and reduce variation in teaching quality. Reducing gaps contributes to individual, social, and economic benefits.
The document outlines five major themes - Evil Powerful Figures, Inner Conflict, Social Conflict, Nature and Weather, and War Conflict - covered by poems in the "Power and Conflict" cluster. It analyzes five poems - Remains, The Emigree, Exposure, London, and Kamikaze - in detail, identifying which themes each poem covers. The poems are also compared to other poems that touch on similar themes. Remains, for example, covers the themes of War Conflict and Inner Conflict, and could be compared to poems like Exposure, Bayonet Charge, and War Photographer that also relate to those themes.
This document provides summaries of 12 poems, including context about the poems' authors and time periods, as well as discussions of their key themes, language structures, and tones. The poems discussed are Ozymandias, London, The Prelude, My Last Duchess, The Charge of the Light Brigade, Exposure, Storm on the Island, Bayonet Charge, and Remains. For each poem, the summary highlights the main themes, such as the transitory nature of power (Ozymandias), the harsh realities of industrialization (London), the power and mystery of nature (The Prelude), violence and control (My Last Duchess), honor and bravery (The Charge of the Light Brigade), the horrors
This document discusses assessment in education. It begins by reviewing learning theories and multiple intelligences. It then discusses the purposes and benefits of assessment, as well as potential barriers like unclear objectives and overuse. The document outlines different types of assessment, including diagnostic, formative, and summative assessment. It also discusses what can be assessed, like knowledge, skills, understanding, and aptitude. The document provides guidance on creating effective assessments, considering student starting points and multiple intelligences. It emphasizes the importance of assessment in discovering the truth about an educational system and driving student learning.
This document provides an overview of a developing leaders course for 2015-2016. It introduces the participants and outlines the schedule and topics to be covered in the program. The purpose of the introductory day is to identify leadership development priorities, get an overview of the program, and consider participants' learning journeys. The course will address topics like understanding oneself as a leader, narrowing achievement gaps, managing teams, and leading teaching and learning. Participants will use blogs, reflections, and coaching sessions to document their learning and progress toward their leadership challenges.
This document discusses key aspects of effective learning and assessment in classrooms. It begins by outlining Guy Claxton's four aspects of effective learning: resilience, resourcefulness, reflectiveness, and reciprocity. It then discusses theories around classroom climate, including the dimensions of clarity, order, standards, fairness, participation, support, safety, and interest. The document also examines teacher effectiveness using Hay McBer's framework of professional characteristics, teaching skills, and classroom climate. It concludes that learning and assessment are shaped by the interplay between these classroom, teacher, and student factors.
Learning and assessment assignment guidanceM Taylor
This document provides guidelines for a 4000-word reflective account assignment. Students must analyze academic, policy, and practice sources and conclude by reflecting on their own learning and assessment practice in an educational setting. The assignment addresses four learning outcomes: critically understanding current issues in learning and assessment; critically evaluating theories and applying them to practice; effectively communicating key concepts; and demonstrating a reflective approach to improving practice. The document suggests structuring the assignment by discussing theories of learning and assessment, applying research to their own context, and reflecting on assessment tasks and results.
To add citations and references to a document using Windows 7, select the Reference tab and click Insert Citation to add a new source. Provide details about the source, and the citation will appear in brackets after referenced text. To create a reference list, go to Bibliography and select Insert Bibliography to automatically generate a Harvard style reference list.
This document discusses assessment in education. It begins by outlining learning outcomes related to understanding assessment and its links to educational theory. It then discusses the purpose of assessment in measuring student progress and providing feedback. The document notes potential barriers to effective assessment, such as overuse, inappropriate methods, and demotivating less successful students. It outlines different types of assessment, including diagnostic, formative, and summative assessment. It discusses what can be assessed, including knowledge, skills, understanding, and aptitude. The document emphasizes the importance of assessment in focusing learning and providing feedback to students.
This document discusses improving the quality of teaching through effective school leadership. It makes three key points:
1) Research shows that teacher quality has the greatest impact on student learning outcomes, so school leaders must prioritize improving teaching. Leaders can influence teaching through setting expectations, supporting teachers, and challenging them to improve.
2) To improve teaching, leaders must develop a clear school-wide vision of effective teaching and learning, establish a culture of trust and feedback, and provide meaningful support and challenge to teachers.
3) Leaders need knowledge of effective teaching practices to make accurate judgements and support teachers through evidence-based approaches. They must draw on research to inform improvement efforts and contribute their own school-based research.
1) The document discusses improving the quality of teaching through effective school leadership. Research shows that teacher quality and school leadership have the greatest impact on student learning outcomes.
2) It explores how school leaders can influence teachers and middle leaders to improve teaching standards through developing a clear vision of effective teaching, providing meaningful feedback, supporting teacher development, and ensuring leadership prioritizes teaching and learning.
3) Developing a culture of trust where teachers feel comfortable receiving feedback and engaging in professional dialogue is important for improving practice. Leaders must be able to accurately evaluate teaching quality and support teachers to improve.
The document discusses various topics related to learning and assessment, including:
1. Different types of assessment such as diagnostic, formative, and summative assessment and their purposes. Formative assessment provides feedback to help students improve, while summative assessment awards grades.
2. What can be assessed, including factual knowledge, skills, understanding, and aptitude. Most school tests assess factual knowledge which is easy to measure.
3. Theories of learning from behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, and social perspectives and how they view the learning process and educator's role.
4. Approaches to learning including surface, deep, and approaches derived from Marton and Sä
Learning and assessment written assignment part 1M Taylor
This document provides instructions for a written assignment that asks students to reflect on their own teaching practice in light of theories of surface and deep learning, learning theorists, the fight or flight response, multiple intelligences, and the four Rs for how students learn. Students are asked to write a 1,500 word response discussing these topics and citing their work according to BERA research guidelines, which are available through a link on the school's blog hub.
This document lists the past examination questions from Section B (Media and Collective Identity) of the A2 Media Studies exam for various years between 2010-2013. It provides a high-level overview of the topics covered in the critical perspectives section of the exam for several exam periods over a 3 year span.
The document provides summaries of 14 poems, describing the key themes, language, structure, and tone of each work. The poems cover a range of topics from relationships and love to war, family, and death. The summaries analyze how literary elements convey deeper meanings and messages within the individual poems.
J.B. Priestley was a British writer born in 1894 who wrote the play An Inspector Calls. He grew up in Yorkshire and worked as a clerk before fighting in WWI, experiences that shaped his socialist views. Priestley believed people must care for one another regardless of class. The play is set in 1912 Birmingham during a time of social stratification and no welfare state. It critiques the capitalist class for treating the working class as disposable. The characters each contribute to the suicide of a young woman, Eva Smith, showing how individuals' actions impact society.
This document provides information about studying British film for AS Media Studies, including key learning outcomes and focus areas. It discusses what makes a film British and provides examples of British films that have been nominated for awards. It also covers the requirements of the exam, finance and funding of British films, the roles of production companies and distributors, and targeting audiences. Case studies are used to illustrate concepts around the production and distribution of independent British films.
The document outlines Ofsted's framework for evaluating the quality of teaching in schools. It discusses that inspectors consider how well teaching:
1. Raises pupil achievement across the curriculum through effective lesson planning, marking, assessment and feedback.
2. Promotes learning and progress, has high expectations, checks understanding, and teaches key subjects well.
3. Creates a positive learning environment where pupils are interested and engaged through strategies like homework and support that match individual needs.
This document appears to be a series of Twitter handles for accounts related to teaching and design thinking. It includes the handles @teachertoolkit and @dandesignthink, suggesting resources or people focused on providing tools for teachers and promoting design thinking. The short document simply lists these Twitter accounts without any other context.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
1. 1
Beyond Levels:
alternative assessment
approaches developed
by teaching schools
Research Report
September 2014
Julie Lilly, Alison Peacock – The Wroxham
transformative learning alliance
Sue Shoveller, Dr d’Reen Struthers –
South Farnham teaching school alliance
2. 2
Contents
Contents 2
List of figures 4
List of tables 4
Executive Summary 5
Introduction 5
Assessment tools to support individual progress through feedback 5
Assessment tools to capture progress 6
Use of technology to track progress 6
Recommendations 7
Section one: Introduction 8
Section two: Context 9
Section three: Methodology 10
Section four: Assessment tools to support individual progress 12
Visible learning approaches 12
Revised Bloom’s taxonomy 13
Mastery statements 14
Curriculum progression objectives 15
Feedback methods 17
Choice and challenge 19
Section five: Assessment tools to capture progress 22
SOLO Taxonomy grids 22
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy 23
Use of (progressive) mastery statements 24
Marking grids of objectives related to new national curriculum in stages 25
3. 3
Summative testing 26
Working backwards from GCSE 27
Moderation 28
Special school assessment developments 29
Section six: Development of software for tracking progress 31
Section seven: Outcomes and impact for schools 34
Impact 35
Section eight: Key messages and conclusion 37
Joint Practice Development 37
Planning 37
Professional dialogue 37
Links to new national curriculum 38
Assessment approaches 38
Section nine: Moving forward / recommendations 39
References and key reading 40
Appendix A: audit summary of current assessment practices 43
Appendix B: teaching schools, regions and websites 48
4. 4
List of figures
Figure 1: Levels of understanding in SOLO Taxonomy 13
Figure 2: Revised Taxonomy table 14
Figure 3: Example of part of the Questioning Cards developed by Balcarras TSA 14
Figure 4: Learning outcome grids, influenced by the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy 15
Figure 5: ‘I need to…’ statements developed by Chimney House TSA 16
Figure 6: Example of learning objective statements 17
Figure 7: Feedback grids using ‘I can’ statements developed by Alban TSA 18
Figure 8: Personalised feedback grid incorporating both SOLO and Bloom’s
Taxonomies 19
Figure 9: Feedback grids showing targets which can also be used as a marking
criteria (Balcarras TSA) 20
Figure 10: Proposed point system assessment tracking progress (to replace levels
from September 2014) 26
Figure 11: An example of ways of recording progress through incidental and informal
learning from Mary Rose TSA 30
Figure 12: Pupil attainment recorded on SIMS to show status of achievement 32
List of tables
Table 1 Summary of all schools taking part in the research project 9
Table 2 Summary of existing assessment approaches within TSAs 44
Table 3 participating teaching school alliances 48
5. 5
Executive Summary
Introduction
Teaching schools, as key players in a school led system, were invited by the
National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) in October 2013 to bid for
small-scale research funding to explore alternative approaches to assessment
beyond levels within their alliance schools. This report summarises the research
carried out by 34 teaching school alliances across the country.
The conclusions are based on the triangulated findings and careful analysis of:
• data collected at events where contributing schools shared their research
approaches and findings
• examples of assessment tools created and trialled in alliance schools
• written research reports completed by schools
From the information gathered, three priorities emerged:
• development of assessment tools to support individual progress
• development of assessment tools to capture and record progress
• use of technology to track attainment and progress
The full report gives details of methodology and examples from schools, along with
appendices summarising the audit of existing assessment practices which some
schools carried out and a list of all schools with web links. An additional resource
summarising the outcomes and impact identified by schools participating in the
research project is available separately.
Assessment tools to support individual progress through
feedback
The consensus from participating schools about the importance of formative
classroom assessment has been further supported in these research projects by a
renewal of detailed focus on curriculum planning in preparation for introduction of the
new national curriculum. The detailed specificity within core subjects provided by the
new curriculum, offers the opportunity for assessment to be very closely aligned.
‘Assessment for learning’ (AfL) has also been understood within many of these
projects, as ‘assessment for teaching’. Through collaborative study, teachers have
engaged in critical reflection and discussion about the most appropriate assessment
6. 6
tools for different subject areas, age groups, and individuals. The full report provides
examples of the range of strategies that alliances developed to provide formative
feedback directly tailored to the new curriculum. These strategies include a range of
methodologies including development of a mastery approach, use of detailed
progression objectives and enhanced pupil involvement in self-review.
Whatever strategy has been considered, each teaching school in this project has
spoken of the value of participating in professional learning communities; to take
back control of the process of assessment. While external accountability was
recognised as a necessity, teachers spoke of their revitalised approach to the
pedagogy of assessment. Recognition was given to the benefit of collaborative
approaches to formative assessment with consequent pupil ownership of their
learning and progress.
Assessment tools to capture progress
Some schools concentrated on developing resources as a means of capturing
achievement to record progressive development in understanding and skills. Such
work either arose from an audit of existing assessment capture practices or
developed from new approaches to formative assessment as highlighted in the
previous section. In the absence of externally provided assessment ‘levels’,
teaching schools have demonstrated that they have welcomed the opportunity to
engage in researching alternatives that would more readily meet their local needs.
There was a variety of approaches to measurement of progress across cohorts.
Development of systems that will ultimately offer coherence and consistency across
all schools was raised as a challenge. For example, some schools have adopted
numerical values, others alphabetical points systems. However, as revealed through
the audits of existing practice (appendix A), this project has highlighted
inconsistences within and across schools of existing assessment practice. The
removal of levels has prompted a collaborative response amongst schools. Tools
that were developed by alliances include SOLO taxonomy grids, progressive
mastery statements and marking grids. The projects facilitated opportunities for
teachers to become involved and have ownership over planning for classroom
assessment systems that are closely aligned to specific curriculum subjects and may
allow pupils, parents and governors to receive feedback that is more meaningful.
Use of technology to track progress
A range of different technological options were explored across the alliance schools
taking part. Some were used to capture formative assessments, often to share with
parents, while others addressed the challenge of tracking.
7. 7
Recommendations
The recommendations below are for both the department for education and schools
to consider as alternatives to assessment levels are implemented within schools.
• A culture shift regarding the nature, range and purposes of assessment needs
to take place, in recognition of the new opportunities provided both by the new
curriculum and the removal of levels.
• Conferences and seminars should be offered nationally, to enable all schools
to confidently develop their assessment expertise and learn from each other.
Detailed understanding of subject progression is needed to develop
assessment systems for foundation subjects.
• New tracking software should be developed to provide school leaders with ‘at
a glance’ data that will enable monitoring of progress across year groups and
over time. Some schools are already developing this, but it would be helpful
for the system to have a range of options to choose from. The system would
benefit from access to peer reviewed commercial tracking systems that focus
directly on the detail of the new curriculum.
• Further opportunities for grant funding would greatly assist communities of
schools to be ‘research active’ in the field of assessment.
8. 8
Section one: Introduction
In May 2013, the Secretary of State announced: ‘as part of our reforms to the
national curriculum, the current system of ‘levels’ used to report children’s attainment
and progress will be removed. It will not be replaced.’ This policy decision followed
recommendations from the national curriculum Expert Panel (DfE: 2011) chaired by
Tim Oates. ‘Reforming assessment and accountability for primary schools’ stated
‘schools should have the freedom to decide how to teach their curriculum and how to
track the progress that pupils make’ (DfE, 2014: p4). These announcements made it
clear that central government was no longer going to dictate how schools should
record and report progress between statutory tests.
Teaching schools, as key players in a school led system, were invited by the
National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) in October 2013 to bid for
small-scale research funding to explore alternative approaches to assessment
beyond levels within their alliance schools. This report summarises the research
from 34 teaching school alliances across the country. Following a contextualisation
of the projects and an overview of the methodology adopted to collate this number of
projects, this report then summarises the approaches schools developed or engaged
with, under the headings of:
• Assessment tools to support individual progress through feedback
• Assessment tools to capture progress
• Use of technology to track progress
The final section reports the outcomes identified by the schools and the impact they
have identified to date, before concluding with recommendations. More detailed
outcomes and impact evidence reported by the participating schools is available in
addition to this report.
The alliances featured within this study have taken the opportunity presented by the
removal of national curriculum levels to review and trial a range of locally-developed
tools and strategies. In many cases the school alliances are at an early stage in their
development of assessment resources, but this report aims to capture the learning
from each group in order that others may build on this within their own community of
schools.
9. 9
Section two: Context
The advent of a new national curriculum (DfE, 2014a) alongside a revised approach
to recording and assessing progress (DfE, 2014b) offers a unique challenge and
opportunity for the school led system. National curriculum levels had previously
provided a ‘best fit’ judgement. However, the new curriculum offers far more specific
age-related content with an increased expectation of attainment. Schools taking part
in this short study set out to see whether the existing levels were still helpful and
relevant or whether an alternative assessment framework could be developed that
would align more closely with the new curriculum.
Table 1 Summary of all schools taking part in the research project
School
Primary
(incl early years)
Secondary
Special
school
Total
Lead school 17 15 2 34
Cluster schools 136 58 10 204
Total 153 73 12 238
The 34 participating teaching schools varied in the way they worked across their
alliances and who was involved. These can be summarised as:
• cross-phase (primary-secondary)
• cross school types (mainstream-secondary)
• both urban and rural settings as well as across settings
• researchers working with headteachers who led their own school teams
• collaborative communities of practice (teachers with external research support)
• variety of stakeholder collaborations – some including a variety of
combinations of parents, pupils, and teachers
10. 10
Section three: Methodology
The work of the teaching school alliances (TSAs) was jointly co-ordinated by the
South Farnham Teaching School Alliance and the Wroxham Transformative
Learning Alliance. Although the methodology for co-ordination was different for the
two groups, the approach was underpinned by a commitment to support each group
of schools to follow through the particular research approaches they had identified,
offering guidance and research tools and processes.
To manage the geographical spread of teaching schools, an East-West divide was
made. The western group of TSAs held midpoint meetings in the north, south and
middle of England. These gatherings offered the opportunity for schools to present
their research thus far and to learn from each other about approaches, challenges
and shared areas of interest. A writing frame was offered to support the articulation
and summarising of this work at both the mid-point and conclusion of the project, to
ensure this report could draw on the schools’ own words. The eastern group held
two conference days in late summer at which schools presented their work, and from
which information was amassed for this report. This group used social media to keep
in touch with developments as they occurred across alliances.
Alliances set to work in a wide variety of ways. The majority gathered interested
parties together from their alliance schools and began to plan projects that would
allow for new thinking to emerge. Many groups revisited their own beliefs about the
core purposes of assessment and used this as a guiding strategy as to which area to
develop. One alliance began by engaging in a study of the history of assessment
related to the previous national curriculum. This was done as a means of trying to
understand how and why assessment needed to change away from levels as there
was a degree of hostility to this policy change amongst schools within this alliance.
While some alliances worked directly with colleagues from higher education
institutions (HEIs) or local authorities, others coordinated a variety of different
projects within their schools.
TSAs collected data in a variety of ways. Some schools developed survey
instruments and conducted semi-structured interviews prior to beginning work. Many
schools engaged in a detailed audit of existing practice (Appendix A). Colleagues set
about sharing classroom practice and approaches to tracking, monitoring and
moderation. Methods of enquiry included film, classroom visits, close scrutiny of the
new curriculum programmes of study, subject specific working parties, piloting of
new approaches and review. Several alliances based their work around notions of
‘mastery’. In some groups of schools new software and innovative use of technology
to enhance assessment was developed.
Increased collaboration and shared professional understanding through dialogue
was often cited as one of the key benefits from undertaking these enquiries.
11. 11
The findings drawn from end of project reports and presentations were then
thematically grouped using the Framework for Qualitative Data Analysis (Miles &
Huberman,1994). This enabled a layer of analysis of the data that revealed recurring
themes and approaches.
Social media
Increasingly teachers and school leaders are turning to social media such as twitter
or blogs to share and discover resources to support innovation. At the outset of the
project a new twitter account @beyondlevels was set up to provide a forum for online
debate about assessment. The account is followed by organisations such as the
Department for Education (DfE), Ofsted and the Teaching Schools Council. Leading
educational bloggers are referenced from the twitter account enabling followers to
access think pieces by a wide range of colleagues nationally and internationally. A
key benefit of this emerging space for collaboration and debate is the opportunity to
engage with others who are driven by the imperative of sharing practice as a
collective endeavour for educational improvement.
See links to the following schools in appendix B: The Wroxham Transformative
Learning alliance, Tudor Grange Academy Solihull
12. 12
Section four: Assessment tools to support
individual progress
‘An assessment functions formatively to the extent that evidence about student
achievement is elicited, interpreted and used by teachers, learners, or their
peers to make decisions about the next steps in instruction that are likely to be
better, or better founded, than the decisions, they would have made in the
absence of that evidence.’
Wiliam, D. 2011, p. 43
The following approaches were developed by schools as a means of using formative
assessment to enhance the progress achieved by individual children and students.
We have illustrated approaches with examples to offer clarity; many schools
however are currently still at the development stage. In addition, we have included
links to each teaching school where further information and detail can be accessed.
Visible learning approaches
When teaching and learning are visible – that is, when it is clear what teachers are
teaching and what students are learning, student achievement increases. As
featured in ‘Visible Learning for Teachers’ (Hattie, J. 2012) ways to make learning
and teaching more explicit were explored by several schools. These included self
and peer assessment initiatives, which sought to offer students increasing agency
over their learning. In particular the SOLO Taxonomy as supported by the materials
created by Pam Hook (2011, 2012, 2013) and widely used in New Zealand, was
applied to a variety of primary, secondary and special school settings.
13. 13
Figure 1: Levels of understanding in SOLO Taxonomy
(As adapted by Severn TSA from Hook, P & Mills J. (2011) SOLO Taxonomy: A Guide for Schools
Book 1 Essential Resources Educational Publishers, NZ)
The materials and approach were found to be valuable both to assist teachers in
their planning and pupils in their active engagement in learning activities, leading to
enhanced peer and self-assessment skills being developed by the pupils and more
differentiated approaches for personalising learning.
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Alban TSA, Ashford Teaching
Alliance, Teaching School Alliance West Kent and West Sussex (TAWKE), Alliance
for Learning, Lightwoods TSA, Parbold Douglas CE Academy Teaching Alliance,
The Pioneer TSA, Severn TSA, Tudor Grange Academy Solihull, Bishop Rawstorne
Church of England (CofE) Academy TSA, Chimney House TSA, South Farnham
TSA, Ebor TSA
Revised Bloom’s taxonomy
Unlike the former Bloom’s taxonomy (1956) the Revised Taxonomy (Krathwohl,
2002), is a two-dimensional framework: knowledge and cognitive processes. In
combination, the dimensions form a very useful table. Using the table to classify
objectives, activities, and assessments provides a clear, concise, visual
representation of a particular course or unit.
14. 14
Figure 2: Revised Taxonomy table
Once completed, the entries in the taxonomy table can be used to examine relative
emphasis, curriculum alignment, and missed educational opportunities. Based on
this examination, teachers can decide where and how to improve the planning of
curriculum and the delivery of instruction.
Various interpretations of this revised taxonomy have led schools to develop tools
such as ‘learning ladders’, ‘stepping stones’, ‘command words’ and strategic
approaches to questioning. For example Balcarras TSA has used ‘Questioning
cards’:
Figure 3: Example of part of the Questioning Cards developed by Balcarras TSP
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Portsmouth TSA, Primary
Excellence TSA, Alliance for Learning, Balcarras TSP, Bishop Challoner TSA,
Chimney House TSA, Lightwoods TSA, The Pioneer TSA, Primary Excellence TSA,
Salop TSA, Severn TSA, South Farnham TSA, Ebor TSA
Mastery statements
Many schools were keen to involve children and young people in formative
assessment using mastery statements. These often took the form of ‘I can’ grids,
that related directly to the new curriculum. This approach also included development
of tools such as skill ladders, milestones (or tinier inch-pebbles) and assessment
15. 15
grids related to specific units of work (see link to Bishop Challoner TSA who
developed specific mastery statements in History).
Figure 4: Learning outcome grids, influenced by the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Alban TSA, Ashford Teaching
Alliance, Ebor TSA, Harrogate and Rural TSA, Outwood Institute of Education, The
Stourport TSA, Alliance for Learning, Bishop Challoner TSA, Silk Alliance, South
Farnham TSA, Wigmore School TSA
Curriculum progression objectives
Progression objectives for mathematics and English have been developed by many
of the teaching school alliances. Taking the detail within the national curriculum
programmes of study it is possible to identify key objectives that will be taught and
can be assessed throughout the year. Many schools drew on the examples of
progression objectives produced by the national association of headteachers (NAHT)
to develop detailed mini-statements of achievement, providing an opportunity for
children to self-assess alongside the teacher’s judgement of progress. This also
provides a means of giving feedback to parents about aspects of the curriculum that
have been understood by the child, with information about other areas that require
further practice. Ebor TSA developed an assessing pupil progress (APP)-style grid to
review progress in mathematics providing an ‘at a glance’ assessment of what each
child is achieving throughout the year. Chimney House TSA developed ‘I need to..’
statements which were shared between home and school successfully.
Domain Pre Y7 Mastery Y7 Mastery Y8 Mastery Y9 Mastery GCSE
Mastery
Causation
Students can
identify and describe
single or multiple
causes and / or
consequences of
events. Students
suggest that all
causes are of equal
importance, usually
attributed to people
and not underlying
forces. Students will
not usually
recognise a
relationship between
them.
Students can
explain short and
long term causes of
event, recognising
that these events
have short and long
term consequences.
Students will begin
to explore the links
between these
causes/
consequences.
Students have a
more in depth
understanding of the
consequences of
events and long and
short term impact of
both cause and
consequence.
Students will be able
to explain the links
and suggests
reason why some
factors are more
influential than
others.
Students can fully
explain long and short
term causes and
consequences within
its wider context, and
can explain the
significance of some
factors over others.
Students can do this in
its wider context
thereby strengthening
their judgement
regarding significance.
Students can
fully prioritise
causes and
consequences
of events in
their wider
historical
context.
16. 16
Figure 5: ‘I need to…’ statements developed by Chimney House TSA
Detailed understanding of curriculum progression within the foundation subjects is an
area that some schools spent time developing. The skill of understanding
progression is closely linked to pedagogical subject knowledge. In some alliances,
specialist leaders of education (SLEs) led a working group within their specialist
subject area. The work of subject associations was found useful by many and there
was reference to the Expert Subject Advisory Group website1
as a useful resource
for access to advice about implementation of the new curriculum.
Recognition was given that recording progress within specific foundation subjects
often required an approach that may differ from one subject domain to another. The
opportunity to work collaboratively across phases to build understanding of children’s
detailed progress within subjects was an area of development that colleagues found
very useful and enlightening.
1
www.expertsubjectgroups.co.uk
17. 17
Figure 6: Example of learning objective statements
How progression might be supported in specific special school contexts also
featured with more details P-statements emerging.
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Alban TSA, Ashford Teaching
Alliance, Ebor TSA, Harrogate and Rural TSA, Outwood Institute of Education, The
Stourport TSA, Together to Succeed (T2S), TAWKE, Balcarras TSP, Chimney
House TSA, George Abbot TSA, Lightwoods TSA, Silk Alliance, South Farnham
TSA, Wigmore School TSA, Leading Learning Forward, Harrogate and Rural TSA
Feedback methods
Feedback pro-forma in various formats were produced by almost all alliances to
enable children and students to understand how to improve their work through
building on formative feedback.
The Cambridge and Suffolk Schools Alliance (CASSA) drew upon the Teaching and
Learning Research Programme2
(2006) principles of ‘making learning explicit’ and
‘promoting learning autonomy’. Using these principles as a reference point they set
about devising protocols for peer review and re-drafting during a piece of work rather
than waiting until the work was complete for a summative response from the teacher.
Marking ladders were developed as a scaffold for peer feedback and time was given
during most lessons for dialogue between pupils to enable this process to have
impact. Pupil dialogue combined with teacher feedback was described by the
teachers as very powerful. Examples of pupils’ work that had been re-drafted
following feedback illustrated the increase in quality that was achieved. This
approach was successfully implemented across a range of schools with classes from
Year 2 through to Year 9; encapsulated in the mnemonic TOWER: Talk - Organise
visually – Write - Edit (and critique) - Reflect
Alban TSA developed feedback grids using ‘I can’ statements and teacher
summative responses. These grids were stuck into pupils’ books and were used to
2
www.tlrp.org
18. 18
assess progress at the beginning and end of each unit of work. Feedback for each
objective allowed the pupil to see whether they were foundation, developing, secure
or excellent. The benefit of this process for the schools was that assessment could
take place in a range of different modes, thereby ensuring that all learning activities
contributed to the assessment process throughout the year. The alliance also used a
system of ‘medal and mission’ for self assessment. Pupils are asked to reflect what
they did well (medal) and what they could improve (mission), teachers and parents
support this process and teachers commented that this had proved highly motivating
for pupils.
Figure 7: Feedback grids using ‘I can’ statements developed by Alban TSA
Some schools use learning review meetings between children, teachers and parents.
These twice yearly meetings consist of a dialogue about progress within specific
areas of the curriculum, evidenced with examples of written work. Next steps for
improvement and challenge are agreed and recorded at each meeting.
Others trialled a range of feedback models influenced by evidence from Hattie’s
visible learning insights e.g. Alliance for Learning and Primary Excellence TSA,
developed ‘Feedback booklets’:
“Pupils were given an opportunity to write in a feedback booklet which was an
open dialogue between teacher and pupil about what the child understands of
a lesson/sequence of lessons. The books provided clear evidence of when a
19. 19
child misunderstood a concept, therefore teachers could continually support
the learning by adapting planning and lessons and implementing
interventions.”
Primary Excellence TSA
Personalised feedback grids featured in a number of projects; schools had integrated
ideas from both SOLO and Revised Bloom’s Taxonomies.
One such example from Bishop Rawstorne CofE Academy TSA shows a grid
developed and trialled in design technology:
Figure 8: Personalised feedback grid incorporating both SOLO and Bloom’s Taxonomies
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Alban TSA, Ashford Teaching
Alliance, Ebor TSA, Harrogate and Rural TSA, Outwood Institute of Education, The
Stourport TSA, T2S, TAWKE, The Wroxham Transformative Learning Alliance,
Balcarras, Bishop Challoner TSA, George Abbott TSA, Primary Excellence TSA, Silk
Alliance, Tudor Grange Academy Solihull, Wigmore School TSA
Choice and challenge
Building on the ‘learning without limits’ work of Hart et al (2004), Swann et al (2012)
some schools have begun to actively engage pupils in self-assessment when
selecting practice tasks. Pupils re-draft and review the quality of their work and
determine their next steps in learning through dialogue with peers, teachers and
20. 20
parents. The Wroxham TSA has used this alternative approach to assessment
driven by levels for many years. Their research involved an ethnographic study of six
primary schools nationally that had begun to trial this method as a means of using
assessment as a driver for change. Ultimately, this inclusive pedagogy seeks to build
a culture of intrinsic ambition and challenge amongst all children.
Resisting labelling and encouraging pupils to challenge themselves in a climate of
trust, means that teachers also need to raise expectations of what may be achieved.
Dylan Wiliam argues that ‘it’s generally easier to get people to act their way into a
new way of thinking than it is to get people to think their way into a new way of
acting’3
. There was evidence of both approaches to new professional learning within
the Wroxham study.
Balcarras TSP worked with feedback grids which showed targets as criteria also for
‘marking’ but these offer choice to the pupils:
Figure 9: Feedback grids showing targets which can also be used as a marking criteria
(Balcarras TSP)
The Silk Alliance used growth mindset (including Carol Dweck and Guy Claxton)
taxonomies to engage pupils in visible learning / building learning power approaches
(early years foundation stage – year 6) to ensure less rigidity of thinking to ‘fixed’
ability school cultures. Chimney House TSA similarly engaged with Claxton’s notion
of how the feedback dialogue can support and challenge pupils.
3
http://www.dylanwiliam.org/Dylan_Wiliams_website/Papers_files/Cambridge AfL Keynote.doc
21. 21
See links to the following schools in appendix B: The Wroxham Transformative
Learning Alliance, Silk Alliance, Chimney House TSA, Tudor Grange Academy
Solihull
Summary - Assessment tools to support individual progress
The consensus from participating schools about the role of assessing for learning has
been further supported in these research projects by a renewal of focus on planning,
especially as teachers have taken time with this project to consider the new national
curriculum outlines.
Whatever strategy has been considered, each teaching school in this project has spoken
of the value of participating in professional learning communities; to take back control of
the process of assessment. While external accountability was recognised as a necessity,
teachers spoke of their revitalised approach to the pedagogic principles; planning,
differentiation, pupil ownership of their learning journey and the collaborative relational
nature of educative process.
‘Assessment for learning’ has now also been understood as ‘assessment for teaching’,
with more teachers engaging in critical reflection and discussion about the most
appropriate assessment tools for different subject areas, age groups, and individuals.
22. 22
Section five: Assessment tools to capture progress
‘Many staff recognise the positive impact of formative assessment processes
on learning outcomes and attainment through the use of effective feedback.
However they are also acutely aware of the importance of teachers
maintaining meaningful records in their mark book so that they can
demonstrate that pupils are making progress and contribute to whole school
tracking systems.’
Bishop Rawstorne CofE Academy TSA
The following approaches were developed by schools as a means of capturing
achievement so as to record progressive development in understanding and skills.
Many of the tools researched and highlighted below build on the formative
assessment approaches developed to support pupil progress. This section will report
on the findings of trialled approaches which schools offered during this project, given
that some of the tools to capture progress are still being developed or refined.
SOLO Taxonomy grids
For several schools, exploring the use of SOLO grids to assist with capturing
progress in a meaningful way was challenging:
‘In mathematics, the teacher rolled out the SOLO assessment approach with
all year 7 students. Following twilight training and planning session, teachers
worked collaboratively to deliver 6 lessons in sequences, straight line graphs
and problem solving. Pupils sat an assessment test at the end based on the
content of the lessons. Question numbers were linked to criteria on the
feedback sheet. Pupils peer assessed each other’s work and gave some next
steps tasks to pupils.’
Bishop Rawstorne CofE Academy TSA
The conclusions from this report suggested that the SOLO taxonomy had a
significant impact on engaging pupil learning and assisting in enhancing self and
peer assessments. Indeed the teachers referred to the ‘deepening’ of understanding
noted. However capturing data for a mark book proved more problematic because
‘the one size fits all’ approach was no longer operable; individual steps were
effectively captured but recording whole group progress was less feasible.
In The Pioneer TSA, both SOLO and Bloom’s Taxonomies were used indirectly to
inform the approach used. In year 5 science the objective was to “know the factors
affecting the germination of seeds”. The four statements became:
• Emerging: can identify one factor affecting germination
23. 23
• Developing: can list all factors affecting germination
• Secure: can explain all the factors affecting germination
• Exceeding: can predict the effect of change in factors on germination. Can
relate their knowledge to seeds in different climatic regions.
This was tracked using a four column grid with a pupil list down the side. Teachers
simply ticked the column assessed at next to each pupil.
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Bishop Challoner TSA, Bishop
Rawstorne CofE Academy TSA, Lightwoods TSA, Parbold Douglas CE Academy
Teaching Alliance, The Pioneer Alliance, Harrogate and Rural Alliance
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
This Taxonomy, while being very successfully employed as a tool to support
formative feedback, was also used as a tool to support the design of subsequent
tools to ‘capture’ progress as referred to above.
Bishop Challoner TSA reported that:
‘Schools opting for a revised Bloom’s taxonomy approach have opted for
progress ladders/steps to success approaches. These offer subject specific
adaptations of Bloom levels that seek to capture layers of thinking - they are
generic and can be applied to all assessments other than closed knowledge
assessing tests.’
Salop TSA reported the influence of the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy in creating a tool
for use in the classroom and to share with parents:
The science department pioneered the use of command word posters in the
classroom, now used by humanities, design technology, ICT, PE and music.
These command words are taken from the list of revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
verbs. These verbs typify the skills expected of pupils as they make progress
from KS2 to KS4. The maths department have been developing a similar
approach with common verbs taken from current GCSE maths papers. The
English department have been developing ‘stepping stones’ for reading,
writing and speaking that follow a similar pattern of demonstrated progress to
that of maths and science. The command words are now used in lesson
objectives / outcomes, AfL feedback as well as for reporting home.
Other schools’ planning was already embedded in Bloom’s cognitive approach. Their
research was timely – using the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy to apply it to the new
national curriculum. South Farnham TSA reported:
24. 24
‘Teachers’ use of levelled questioning was observed and recorded to identify
how Bloom’s was used in formative assessment. Following this, teachers
designed their own summative test based on Bloom’s levels (1. Knowing and
understanding; 2. Applying and analysing; 3. Evaluating and Creating).
Children were also asked to design their own test based on the same levels as
a preliminary exercise in beginning to make Bloom’s Taxonomy more
accessible to them. Assessment would then fit into the tracking system already
in place.’
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Bishop Challoner TSA, South
Farnham TSA, Salop TSA, Leading Learning Forward
Use of (progressive) mastery statements
The term ‘mastery’ relates to an expectation that learning has been consolidated to
such a degree that it is known, understood and embedded thereby leading to
fluency. Mastery statements relate to individual aspects identified within programmes
of study that have been fully achieved. Within this structure the young person either
can or cannot, perform the required task. There is no room for ‘almost’ or
‘sometimes’ within this system. The Oval Learning Cluster Number Masters
programme4
developed by the Vauxhall Primary School (part of the Lambeth TSA),
aims to assess ‘automaticity when retrieving basic facts’. The software enables
teachers to record a direct relationship between what is taught and what is
assessed. For example, the Year 2 mathematics programme of study states: ‘pupils
should be taught to know the number of minutes in an hour and the number of hours
in a day’. This would then be assessed as a yes / no following a brief summative
test. Some alliances have begun to develop ‘mini-mastery’ tests for this purpose.
Silk Alliance developed and tested a table top prompt with mastery statements
focusing on age related competencies.
Some schools reported very specific use of mastery statements:
‘Schools using ‘mastery’ statements have not used them as tools to capture
progress but rather as statements to ensure progress is on a trajectory
consistent with three/four levels of progress. Progress is captured at “point of
assessment” through what went well / even better if marking or the award of a
percentage.’
Bishop Challoner TSA
4
http://seasonedtraveller.net/profile.html
25. 25
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Ashford TSA, Ebor TSA,
Outwood Institute of Education, Shotton Hall TSA, The Stourport TSA, T2S, Silk
Alliance, Bishop Challoner TSA, Lightwoods TSA, South Farnham TSA
Marking grids of objectives related to new national
curriculum in stages
Tracking progress across cohorts over several years is a process that most schools
had previously used by recording levels, sub-levels and equivalent point scores.
Tracking in this manner has provided school leaders with a robust means of
evidencing progress achieved. Seeking to replicate this kind of tracking system was
something that alliances were keen to do, whilst ensuring that any new system was
an improvement and related directly to what pupils were learning.
Some alliances developed a points system that related to whether the pupil had
achieved results within a band such as ‘entering, developed, secure’. Points could
then be awarded either against specific individual curriculum objectives or objectives
grouped together. This system allowed the school leader to view a cohort noting the
percentage of pupils on track or exceeding expectations.
The Stourport TSA produced a short film illustrating how a pupil progress meeting
between the class teacher and headteacher would run if they were using the
language of ‘entering, developed, secure’ evidenced by work that the child had
produced. This alliance had worked in close collaboration with a group of schools to
collect moderated examples of work to support their judgements.
The Colmore Partnership TSA developed and trialled a toolkit to enable numerical
data to still be used, supported by statements to ensure all groups of children were
making progress and targeted support could be given where required. Once this
system had been developed, supporting materials were required to ensure that all
assessed learning objectives from the new national curriculum were ‘broken down’
so teachers can see what exceeded / expected / emerging look like for each
objective.
26. 26
Figure 10: Proposed point system assessment tracking progress (to replace levels from
September 2014)
In the Severn TSA, use was made of the new curriculum statements for mathematics
(primary), focusing on fractions. Summative testing of skill development and
knowledge were completed during the end of KS1 and end of KS2 standard
assessment tasks. With a focus on maths, a document called ‘fractions assessment
exemplification’ was developed, containing details of the curriculum coverage for
each age group and activities to support the assessment of children’s understanding
at each stage of development. Maths subject leaders in the 50 schools across the
alliance have been working with this document.
Trent Valley TSA used an online platform to record and track progress in
mathematics using a red-amber-green (RAG) rated system that also allows for
objectives to be given a weighting if they have a problem-solving element. The
baseline assessment at Reception gives a trajectory for the score at Year 6. As the
assessments are made the progress is tracked against the trajectory as a graph.
This system is currently being trialled by schools across Nottinghamshire.
Development of this tracking process made the increased expectation and demand
of the new curriculum very evident.
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Ashford TSA, Ebor TSA,
Outwood Institute of Education, Shotton Hall TSA, The Stourport TSA, T2S,
Chimney House TSA, Primary Excellence TSA, The Colmore Parternship, Severn
TSA, Lightwoods TSA, The Pioneer TSA, Salop TSA, Tudor Grange Aademy
Solihull, South Farnham TSA, Wigmore School, Trent Valley TSA.
Summative testing
Some alliances plan to use frequent low-stakes summative assessments to inform
pupils, teachers and parents of progress against specific learning objectives.
Progress checker sheets were piloted as a means of gaining feedback about
knowledge and skills achieved at the end of a unit of work. One alliance focused
exclusively on KS2 maths and implemented a 12 week tracking cycle with individual
27. 27
pupil progress meetings between teachers and senior leaders held at the mid-point
of each term.
Several alliances were trialling how end of unit tests might be captured for recording
and tracking purposes, and explored a range of technological options (see section
six).
Such results from regular summative testing results were used by some alliances as
a means of providing robust data for developing tracking systems across cohorts and
year groups. Significantly the summative tests derived within this research project,
have arisen from the space for professional dialogue this research has generated.
Teachers have been devising units of work with new insights about learning and
teaching; the resulting internal and locally created ‘unit tests’ being therefore closer
in alignment to the pupils’ experiences, skill targets and deepened understanding.
The shift from memory recall questions to more higher-order test items, with the
language of learning more accessible to the pupils has also been a feature of the
summative assessment developments.
Salop TSA describes the progress checker developed in their project:
‘Within Humanities, “Progress checker” sheets are being piloted – these are
used at the end of a topic during an assessment lesson involving extended
writing. The checker is used to support the student in identifying areas they
need to develop whilst showing where they currently are. Sheets then lead to
a differentiated choice of homework tasks that students are directed to based
on their outcomes. The sheets rely on clear criteria and departments are now
working on tracking back from the GCSE mastery statements to design the
progression from Year 7 upwards to allow students to reach these grades. The
curriculum at KS3 is now being redesigned to be a five year journey to the
GCSE end point.’
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Ashford TSA, Ebor TSA,
Outwood Institute of Education, Shotton Hall TSA, The Stourport TSA, T2S, Salop
TSA, The Pioneer TSA, Wigmore School TSA, South Farnham TSA
Working backwards from GCSE
Although the details of revised GCSE examinations are still unknown, some schools
decided that using highest level expectations of success at GCSE could be used to
form expectations from Year 7 upwards. For several secondary lead schools the
project was seen as an opportunity to create consistency and coherence across all
year groups. Dissatisfaction with the lack of connection between national curriculum
levels and GCSE grades meant that an alternative approach that allowed for
bespoke subject specific tracking and feedback was a helpful prospect. Shotton Hall
28. 28
TSA developed tracking grids with a points system for every subject in the
curriculum. They aim to review this next term and share findings on their website
before trialling this further with other schools.
George Abbot TSA likewise considered the learning trajectory across the secondary
school:
‘[We] created a series of attainment statements – “beginning, sometimes,
clearly & consistently, confidently, expertly & impressively” – and have loosely
tied these to GCSE grades. These are – in many cases – the statements used
by our exam board at GCSE, and so it allows students to peg themselves
against GCSE gradings right from Year 7.’
However, some colleagues were concerned that especially where children were in
special provision, to start talking with students about current and predicted GCSE
grades from year 7 may be demotivating.
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Shotton Hall TSA, Alban TSA,
Alliance for Learning, Bishop Challoner TSA, George Abbot TSA, Salop TSA
Moderation
The process of collaboration, shared enquiry and collective problem solving about
assessment led in many cases to a renewed sense of the importance of moderation
within and between schools. Colleagues commented that where this could be done
in a climate of trust rather than competition there was much to be gained. Some
teaching school alliances have already booked moderation events across their
region in a range of subjects for 2014-15.
A variety of school alliances reported either beginning cross-phase moderation
activities and/or recognising the need to engage more around the transition points
that pupil experience e.g. N-R, Y2-Y3 and Y6-Y7 and Y11-Y12.
Bishop Rawstorne CofE Academy TSA commented:
‘The project has also highlighted to us the importance of moderating
judgements between schools now that there is no longer a national
assessment framework for KS3.’
The Colmore Partnership TSA noted that across their alliance, all schools involved
will be using the materials for assessment and meeting regularly for moderation and
professional dialogue. The Pioneer TSA referred to how they had:
‘….become much more aware of the need to work collaboratively on national
changes or initiatives in order to achieve mutual understanding for moderation
and transition.’
29. 29
See links to the following schools in appendix B: The Stourport TSA, Alliance for
Learning, Bishop Rawstorne CofE Academy TSA, The Colmore Partnership TSA,
Tudor Grange TSA, South Farnham TSA, Leading Learning Forward
Special school assessment developments
Mary Rose Academy, catering for pupils with severe and complex learning
disabilities (2-19) and Cliffdale Primary Academy, a special school for pupils who
have a wide range of complex learning needs (4-11), considered the value of
recording incidental and spontaneous learning with pupils with autism spectrum
conditions (ASC) in a school environment and explored methods of effectively
assessing and recording progress.
The aim of this research was to provide teachers with a tool for assessment in
reading that will demonstrate clear progression for pupils with varying individual
needs. It was decided that the group would compile a document that would allow
progression in reading with a broad range of reading skills – ‘a progression in
reading for individual pupils’. It would include links and cross references to the new
national curriculum in English; P level statements; the EYFS development matters;
active strategies; word recognition; new resources including appropriate texts and
activities to embed learning.
It aims to ensure there is a clear progression that can be mapped across each of the
three sources. (P Statements; Links with Foundation Stage (2012) and Development
Matters (2012) and Links with the Expectations from Primary National Curriculum
2014). Each page refers to Matching Objectives and Assessment levels, and what
the teaching will look like (with linked active strategies, word recognition and
vocabulary development and language acquisition).
30. 30
Figure 11: An example of ways of recording progress through incidental and informal learning
from Mary Rose TSA
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Portsmouth TSA
Summary - Assessment strategies to capture progress
In the absence of externally provided assessment levels, teaching schools have
demonstrated here that they have welcomed the opportunity to engage in
researching alternatives that would more readily meet their local needs.
Given the variety of approaches, all with degrees of similarity and difference, the key
factor of consistency across schools and counties has been raised as a concern.
Based on a history of league tables and public accountability systems, how the
various forms of data capturing will be easily collated remains a concern; some
schools have adopted numerical values, others alphabetical points systems.
Significantly, as revealed through the audits of existing practice (appendix A), this
project has revealed the inconsistences within and across schools of assessment
practices and facilitated opportunities for more teachers to become involved and
have ownership over planning for assessment systems that will also engage pupils in
more meaningful activities. See also, additional resource for outcomes and impact
statements.
31. 31
Section six: Development of software for tracking
progress
A range of different technological options were explored across the alliance schools
taking part. Some were used to capture formative assessments, often to share with
parents, while others addressed the challenge of tracking.
Bishop Challoner TSA brought alliance attention to four software applications that
can be used for assessment without levels.
• PiXle software has proven to be the most popular. These group subjects into
’domains’ and have banks of statements arranged into hierarchies from bands
1-9 consistent with new national curricululm grading arrangements. It is this
alignment with GCSE that has proven so attractive.
• EDlounge software was looked at. This was essentially a series of ‘I can..’
statements. While popular with primary schools discussion with the software
writers revealed it would not meet secondary needs where more technical and
subject specific terminology was needed to offer precise and distilled
feedback.
• “Flightpath” software was explored and while it offered potential, was too
prescriptive in terms of what trajectories of progress looked like.
• SIMS is the tracking tool that all schools will be using.
Within the alliance, various schools consided each application. Because of the
variation of context and software, those schools involved finally agreed that the SIMs
package met the following four tests that the alliance consided to be necessary for
any newly adopted programme.
• Benefit: Whatever it is that is changing, that change should have a clear
relative advantage for those being asked to change; it should be seen as ‘a
better way’.
• Compatibility: The change should be as compatible as possible with the
existing values and experiences of the people being asked to change.
• Simplicity: The change should be no more complex than necessary; it must
be as easy as possible for people to understand and use.
• Triability: The change should be something that people can try on a step-by-
step basis and make adjustments as things progress.
SIMS was also used by Wigmore TSA to develop a system to enable schools to
record pupils’ attainment in terms of the following:
32. 32
Figure 12: Pupil attainment recorded on SIMS to show status of achievement
Each stage of a year group has a points value so that progress can be measured.
The terms reflect the new and increased expectations from the new curriculum.
Primary Excellence TSA looked at using technology for both formative and
summative assessments:
• Use of dictaphones and flip cameras for pupil reflection on learning (Key
Stage (KS) 1). Using technology to capture understanding was more efficient
due to the writing ability of KS1 children. KS2 also expressed their
understanding using technology which has linked to objectives from the new
curriculum.
• Sound files were used across key stages to capture the student’s opinion of
their learning.
• Using online whole school assessment programmes to record progress and
attainment data across different school groups.
Silk Alliance worked with an associate partner school (outside of the alliance) who
had developed a cloud based assessment application for use on IOS7 platforms
linked to new national curriculum age related expectations.
Lightwoods TSA drew on standard support tools. Outcome statements and
assessment criteria have been used as the assessment foundations to a unique
piece of assessment software which has been designed and created to capture
evidence of the children’s progress. The software offers channels to communicate
with parents, with evidence of the progress and achievement their child has made,
not only in relation to national expectations but also in relation to work achieved in
class (not just in books).
Specially designed and created software allows teachers to use the skills ladders to
plan lessons for children and identify, accurately and rigorously plan the next steps in
their learning. Teachers can then capture evidence of this achievement and work
against national curriculum objectives/assessment criteria in order to create an
electronic profile which evidences the child’s standards of achievement against the
school’s and national expectations.
33. 33
The e-profiles will be able to give a real picture of assessment as it will enable
children to show a learning process and journey, from design through to
development, through to evaluation.
The evidence captured can then be commented on by teachers – to give the
teacher’s professional interpretation and assessment, but it can also be tagged with
assessment objectives so parents, teachers and external agencies can see not only
the standard the child achieved, but process they went through to achieve it, and
what skills they used/acquired and what content they covered.
The e-Profiles are also able to be linked to a main school server so the school is able
to moderate internally and externally as they will be able to adjust, edit, share and
publish these e-profiles. They can also be uploaded to learning platforms so parents
can see their child’s progress and development.
The learning ladders and assessment objectives are also a key component in
capturing progress. The learning ladders can be used regularly in class alongside
the app, for children to reflect on and assess their own learning.
In line with the approaches used by SOLO Taxonomy, children can undertake
projects and identify the objectives they wish to meet. Children can assess their own
and other children’s successes against these identified objectives. They can then
capture their success and self-assess using the assessment software app and share
the record of their own achievement and assessment.
See links to the following schools in appendix B: Bishop Challoner TSA,
Lightwoods TSA, Chimney House TSA, Primary Excellence TSA, Silk Alliance,
Tudor Grange TSA, Wigmore School TSA, Trent Valley TSA, Lambeth TSA North,
Shotton Hall TSA, Leading Learning Forward
34. 34
Section seven: Outcomes and impact for schools
From the coordinated activities and the reports schools were asked to submit, some
key outcomes and impact statements have been identified. See also Beyond Levels:
evidence of outcomes and impact (Lilly, Peacock, Shoveller and Struthers, 2014) for
more detailed information.
Outcomes
• Increased professional dialogue: all TSAs referred to the opportunities the
research offered for teachers and school leaders to have supported time to
explore professional ideas around assessment, to explore a range of options
and to find their voice in articulating their work and research. One senior leader
announced that in 17 years of teaching, participation in cross-phase
collaboration had been the ‘most exciting work’ he had ever done.
• Clarity about the purposes of assessment: significantly many more teachers
have been involved in discussions about the tension between the process of
assessment and the products of assessment; while also recognising that
assessment currently tries to serve too many purposes. Several colleagues
commented on their enhanced knowledge and confidence about assessment
as a result of the project.
• Pupil involvement in the learning process: the importance of placing pupils
at the centre of the assessment process; and involving their active participation
and views was a recurring outcome. Enabling young people to have a clear
understanding of what they were learning and needed to learn next, was
recognised as important. Some KS3 colleagues said that the removal of levels
was ‘liberating’ as this meant that there could be a move away from constantly
preparing ‘levelled work’, focussing instead on a much richer variety of tasks to
illustrate learning and understanding. Young people commented that the most
important reason for assessment was for them ‘to make as much progress as
possible’. One KS3 student said ‘now everything I do counts’.
• Subject specific assessment: there was general recognition that the demands of
different subjects meant that tailored models of recording progress were needed. One
colleague reflected that in secondary PE the level descriptors had been too broad to be
helpful: ‘the skills and progress in tennis are very different from those in hockey’.
Detailed understanding of subject progression is needed to develop assessment
systems for foundation subjects.
• Summative assessment: with the clarity of purpose about assessment, came
recognition that low-stakes testing could be a motivating way of ensuring that young
people knew how much progress they were making. Some alliances developed models
35. 35
on a 6 or 12 week cycle with detailed summative assessments recorded at the end of
each period. Many colleagues agreed that the enhanced expectation within the core
subjects of the new national curriculum would be best achieved through sustained
teaching and practice of fewer concepts in greater depth. Regular testing could be
used to check for fluency and mastery.
• A culture shift: one group of headteachers chose to engage in the project because
they had all been inspected earlier in the year and subsequently felt ‘free to innovate’.
In most schools working without levels has meant that the culture for whole school
assessment has needed to develop and change. For some leadership teams this
process now involves offering more genuine opportunities for young people to make
choices and to challenge themselves in excess of teachers’ traditional expectations.
• An opportunity to take a broader view: some alliances were driven by a
desire to improve progress measures to take a wider perspective of pupil
achievement across the entire school experience. The removal of levels was
viewed as an opportunity to refresh priorities.
• Consistency of language: another outcome has been the growing awareness for a
common language and consistency of approach across the phase and year groups;
primary to secondary was recognised, and even within special schools. Will this be
possible if each alliance is developing their own assessment processes? Interestingly,
it was often felt that the existing system of national curriculum levels had not provided
this. One teacher expressed this as ‘we all know that a level 3 in Year 2 is very different
from level 3 in Year 6’.
• Engagement with research: one outcome has been that more teachers have become
involved in research and appreciated the significance of research activity. Several
alliances have now experienced working closely with colleagues from HEIs and others
appreciated taking time to read about the issue and to engage in seminars and debate.
The outcome will be a continuation of research collaborations and communities.
• The promise of technology: the prospect of using new technology to enable a closer
blend of qualitative and quantitative aspects of assessment was a noted outcome,
keeping parents and carers much more informed and potentially enabling young people
more ownership of their learning development and progress. Some alliances produced
software packages and apps that will be available more widely and for trial during
2014-15.
Impact
• Grass root buy-in to assessment changes, has meant that in preparation for
September 2014 alliances will be disseminating findings and supporting schools to
36. 36
engage with ‘marking grids’ ‘progression objectives’ ‘SOLO and Bloom’s
Taxonomy’ informed planning approaches
• Continued professional analysis: as a result of this project, all schools will
continue to evaluate and revise their approaches to assessment in relation to
changes to the curriculum. In particular working down from KS4 to KS3 into KS2.
• Vision for school leaders: having invested time and money to create the
assessment objectives, leaders have a much clearer understanding of their
subjects moving forwards with the new national curriculum and will continue to
develop effective assessment practice having had the time and support to
immerse themselves in the new approaches.
• Introduction of the new national curriculum: more teachers will be able to
engage with creating plans from these new documents that will include both
formative and summative assessment practices.
• Tailor-made assessment tools: some schools will be seeking ways to further
develop software programmes, use of portals and a variety of data capture
methods which could mean that parents and pupils would engage with the
process
37. 37
Section eight: Key messages and conclusion
For all participating teaching schools and their alliances, the consequences of
undertaking this project and working in partnership have been much greater than
was originally intended and have led to common benefits. These include:
Joint Practice Development
The critical step of moving from conventional CPD to JPD is that the emerging new
practices yield common benefits that are then available to all. This move is from what
has been called ‘sharing-exchanging’ to ‘sharing-exploring’ (Huxham & Hibbert,
2008). In this sense several schools suggested they had all become more adept in
sharing-exploring.
The process of a research project is better understood, including the importance of
the cyclic process of plan / do / review. The risk element of the project (i.e. some
teacher efforts did not bear useful fruit) has made most teachers more resilient and
confident to experiment with new ideas. Learning to manage failure within
professional communities, has led some teachers to consider whether we are as a
profession too risk averse in our pedagogies?
Planning
Successful pedagogy involves thinking about the relationship between individual
lessons and longer term outcomes. Too frequently lessons fail because they have
been designed backwards ie resources, activities, learning intentions and then
success criteria. What the project crystallised in all participant thinking was the
necessity to plan in the opposite way ie success criteria (milestone statements),
learning intentions (inch pebbles), activities that deepened thinking and resources.
Professional dialogue
A strong focus on the importance of high quality dialogue and feedback was reported
by many schools, as well as the opportunity to attempt a broader view of assessment
to include qualitative as well as quantitative data.
One of the most challenging issues faced was that, as teachers, although we tweak
with ideas and work with research, the profession itself is not skilled in working in
research. Collaboration between schools has been very informative and
empowering. Providing schools with a genuine open-ended problem to engage with
has provided, in most cases, a spur towards innovation and collective effort often
across schools of very different types and across phases.
38. 38
Links to new national curriculum
The detailed specificity within core subjects provided by the new curriculum, offers
the opportunity for assessment to be very closely aligned.
Detailed understanding of subject progression is needed to develop assessment
systems for foundation subjects. Several alliances commented on the importance of
recognising that individual subjects require different forms of assessment systems in
order that progress can be identified.
Assessment approaches
Most schools focused on assessment as a means of ensuring progress both at the
individual and cohort level. Although school leaders are used to detailed numerical
tracking systems, in most cases where attempts were made to create new tracking
models these aligned very closely with the detail of learning, rather than replicating
the ‘best fit’ approach of national curriculum levels.
A shift is needed in the type of information shared with young people, families and on
transfer. Instead of levels, detailed information can be shared about what the young
person has fully understood and is able to do.
Across the board, it was often easier and more relevant to devise processes for
recording individual or cohort achievement related to the curriculum. There was less
confidence about how to report this across large groups of students and between
schools.
39. 39
Section nine: Moving forward / recommendations
The recommendations below are for both the department for education and schools
to consider as alternatives to assessment levels are implemented within schools.
• A culture shift regarding the nature, range and purposes of assessment needs
to take place, in recognition of the new opportunities provided both by the new
curriculum and the removal of levels.
• Conferences and seminars are needed nationally, to enable all schools to
confidently develop their assessment expertise and learn from each other.
Professional learning about the range of purposes and methods of
assessment is a priority.
• The system would benefit from access to peer reviewed commercial tracking
systems that focus directly on the detail of the new curriculum. Clarification is
needed about the form of data to be captured centrally, so that schools can
develop systems that meet these requirements.
• Financial support for alliances and other groups of schools to further develop
their assessment practice in collaboration is needed, with a view to supporting
the development of practical classroom materials for the school-led system to
use. These resources should be available free of charge from a national
website.
• Financial ncentives to encourage teachers to be research active and complete
post-graduate and masters-level courses would ensure the profession builds
and sustains dynamic engagement with HEIs..
• The development of professional knowledge about emerging effective
assessment practice isessential for the school-led system in order that the
removal of levels can enable more meaningful feedback and monitoring
processes to develop,
40. 40
References and key reading
Alexander, R. J. A (ed), 2010, Children, their World, their Education: final report and
recommendations of the Cambridge Primary Review: Taylor & Francis US
Berger, R, 2003, The Ethic of Excellence
Black, P., & Wiliam, D, 2009, Developing the theory of formative assessment:
Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability (formerly: Journal of
Personnel Evaluation in Education), 21(1), 5-31. )
Clarke, S, 2001, Unlocking formative assessment: practical strategies for enhancing
pupils' learning in the primary classroom: Hodder & Stoughton educational
Claxton, G, 2002, Building learning power: TLO Limited Bristol
Claxton, G, 2011, The Learning Power School TLO Ltd Bristoldweck mindset
Costa, A. L., Kallick, B., & White, T, 2009, Habits of mind: ASCD
Davis, A. J., 2011, Building comprehension strategies. Melbourne, Australia: Eleanor
Curtain Publishing
DfE, 2011, Framework for the national curriculum: a report by the expert panel for
the national curriculum review Ref: DFE – 001 35-2011.
DfE, 2014a, National curriculum in England: framework for key stages 1 to 4
DfE, 2014b, Reforming assessment and accountability for Primary schools
Dweck, C, 2006, Mindset: How you can fulfil your potential: Constable & Robinson
Ltd London
Eaten, S.E, 2010, Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Learning: The Case of Literacy,
Essential Skills and Language Learning in Canada, Calgary: Eaten International
Consulting Inc.
Fullan, M, 2014, Teacher development and educational change. London: Routledge)
Gipps, C. (ed), 1995, Intuition or Evidence? Open University Press. Buckingham,
Philadelphia
Hargreaves, DH, 2010, Creating a self-improving school system National College for
School Leadership
Hargreaves, DH, 2011, Leading a self-improving school system National College for
School Leadership
41. 41
Harrison, C, 2013, Collaborative action research as a tool for generating formative
feedback on teachers’ classroom assessment practice: the KREST project, Teachers
and Teaching: theory and practice, 19:2, 202-213, DOI:
10.1080/13540602.2013.741839
Hart,S., Drummond, M.J., Dixon, A., McIntryre, D, 2004, Learning without Limits
Open University Press
Hattie, J, 2012, Visible learning for teachers. Maximising impact on learning.
Routledge London New York
Hattie, J, 2013, Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to
achievement: Routledge
Hook, P & Mills, J, 2011, SOLO Taxonomy: A guide for schools – A common
language for learning Book 1 Essential Resources Educational Publishers NZ
Hook, P & Mills, J, 2012, SOLO Taxonomy: A guide for schools –Planning for
differentiation Book 2 Essential Resources Educational Publishers NZ
Hook, P & Cassé, B, 2013, SOLO Taxonomy in the Early Years: Making connections
for belonging, being and becoming, Essential Resources Educational Publishers NZ
Huxham, C., & Hibbert, P, 2008, Manifested Attitudes: Intricacies of Inter-Partner
Learning in Collaboration. Journal of Management Studies, 45(3), 502-529. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00754
James, M, 2006, Teaching and Learning Research Programme
Kagan, S, 2009, Kagan Cooperative Learning . San Clemente: CA: Kagan Publishing
Kohn, A, 1999, Punished by rewards: The trouble with gold stars, incentive plans,
A's, praise, and other bribes: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Krathwohl, D. R, 2002, A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy: An Overview, Theory Into
Practice. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212-218. doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2
Lilly, Peacock, Shoveller & Struthers, 2014, Beyond Levels: evidence of outcomes
and impact, Nottingham, National College for Teaching & Leadership
Lucas, B., & Claxton, G, 2010, New Kinds Of Smart: How The Science Of Learnable
Intelligence Is Changing Education: How the Science of Learnable Intelligence is
Changing Education: McGraw-Hill International
Marks, R, 2014, Educational triage and ability-grouping in primary mathematics: a
case-study of the impacts on low-attaining pupils. Research in Mathematics
Education, 1-16
42. 42
Marks, R, 2014, The Dinosaur in the Classroom: what we stand to lose through
ability-grouping in the primary school. Forum. 56(1), 45-54
Martin, S, 2011, Using SOLO as a Framework for Teaching: A case study in
maximising achievement in science. Essential Resources Educational Publishers NZ
Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M, 1994, Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded
Sourcebook (2nd Ed).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
NAHT, 2014, Report of the NAHT Commission on Assessment, West Sussex, NAHT
Ndaji, F. and Tymms, P, 2009, The P Scales: Assessing the Progress of Children
with Special Educational Needs, Wiley: Chichester
Nrich http://nrich.maths.org/7701
Sebba, J., Tregenza, J. & Kent, P, 2012, Powerful professional learning: a school
leader’s guide to joint practice development, Nottingham, National College for School
Leadership
Sebba, J., Tregenza, J. & Kent, P, 2012, Helping schools to use evidence on joint
practice development to improve their practice, Nottingham, National College for
School Leadership
Swann, M., Peacock, A., Hart, S., & Drummond, M. J, 2012, Creating learning
without limits. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill International and OUP
Swaffield, S. (Ed), 2008, Unlocking Assessment: Understanding for reflection and
application. London: Routledge.
Syed, M, 2010, Bounce: the myth of talent and the power of practice: HarperCollins
UK
Thomson, P., Hall, C., Jones, K., & Green, J. S, 2012, The signature pedagogies
project: Final report. CCE: Newcastle
Wiliam, D, 2011, Embedded Formative Assessment: Hawker Brownlow Education
Pty Ltd
43. 43
Appendix A: audit summary of current assessment
practices
Some schools began by doing an audit of what assessment practices were
currently being used in schools. Their findings were shared at the three mid-point
meetings and there was much agreement with the data that was tabled. Therefore
the summary below gives a broad and representative picture of the nature of
assessment across primary, secondary and special schools.
One primary school considered the following:
• current practice in schools.
• effectiveness of current practice
• Ofsted judgements on current practice.
• current software apps in use in schools
• results of surveys on children’s, parents and professional’s opinions on
current assessment approaches.
Their investigation revealed that within the alliance there was sound practice giving
rise to a caution against risking destabilisation of institutions by throwing out great
practice and starting again. Thus they:
• evaluated current practice and identified key foci of that practice – use of skills
ladders, trackers and ongoing AfL were vital.
• explored current software and the emergence of capture software in order to
assess work. They used software in schools and found issue with showing the
picture of assessment as most apps showed coverage of objectives – this is
not assessment. Covering objectives is not learning and development.
There was some confusion regarding levels. People responded positively to the
EYFS method of assessment. Surveys showed that parents and pupils though,
would have a very clear picture of assessment and attainment if the school leads it
correctly and has a close and positive relationship with parents – communicating
effectively the child’s development.
A summary of examples from those Teaching Schools who completed an audit of
existing assessment approaches across their alliances is given below.
44. 44
Table 2 Summary of existing assessment approaches within primary TSAs
Assessment
approaches
Reflections on existing practice
Use of APP
statements supported
by explicit ‘WALT’ (We
are learning to) and
‘WILF’ (What I’m
looking for)
statements.
- A more rigorous approach in matching APP statement
to planning and to track progress was required,
- Detailed and time consuming,
- Concern about the amount of evidence required for
each level,
- More explicit success criteria were required for pupils
to understand.
Formative/summative All schools use a combination of both formative and
summative assessments.
Formative: using AfL, self and peer assessing, target
setting, as part of the teaching within a lesson.
Summative: end of term tests, QCA, SATs, NFER,
judging pupils against levels and tracking pupil progress.
Assessment policies Most schools felt their assessment policies needed
reviewing. Suggestions were made to have separate
Formative/Summative policies. Often, formative
assessment strategies were included in the reaching
and learning policies.
Moderation Most schools do have a whole school marking policy but
it is frequently not adhered to by everyone within the
school. Writing moderation is far more consistent than
moderation in other subject areas. little or no moderation
of mathematics, science and foundation subjects.
Target setting Formal summative assessments help to make
comparisons across groups, and provides information to
inform target setting. Some pupils are given time after
the test to review their answers but some are not given
any time at all. Formal summative assessments can
show teachers which skills are embedded away from the
point of teaching.
45. 45
Assessment
approaches
Reflections on existing practice
Use of criteria scales All schools use APP or similar criteria to measure
progress for Writing. Some were using it to measure
progress in maths and reading but none were using
criteria in Science or Foundation subjects.
Formal teacher assessments against criteria were
completed at least half termly in KS2 and termly
throughout all the schools. it is common practice to use
old SAT papers and optional SAT papers to test pupils
in maths and English at least termly.
Assessing foundation
Subjects
Foundation subjects and Science are not assessed in
the same way and when assessments are made they
are far less rigorous, often assessing what has been
taught and not what steps the pupils need to do to
improve.
Feedback Feedback is given in various ways:
• verbal, during the lesson both from peers and
adults.
• written from peers and adults during the lesson.
• written from teacher after the lesson.
• mini-plenaries during the lesson.
• Codes/symbols used in written feedback to help
poorer/younger readers.
• pupils often give their own feedback to the
teacher in the form of smiley faces or traffic lights.
Less written and more verbal feedback given in EYFS
and KS1. Written feedback used more as pupils get
older and become more mature learners. Feedback is
usually linked to Success Criteria in writing but is far less
developmental in Maths and Science. Less sure about
feedback in Reading and not rigorous in Foundation
Subjects.
46. 46
Table 3 Summary of existing assessment approaches within secondary TSAs
Assessment
approaches
Reflections on existing practice
Level assessments – as
summative assessment.
Pupils and staff all rated these as the best way to
measure progress - but had concerns over pupil
understanding of meaning.
‘Test’ style summative
assessments
Pupils and staff rated this as an extremely important
style of assessment.
Feedback grids –
subject specific with
literacy targets
A new introduction and used less often. However those
staff that did use them found them extremely valuable
and pupils liked them. To be increased.
Questioning using
Bloom’s Taxonomy
High level, done well, but often implicit not explicit.
Needs support.
Peer marking Varied in quality - staff and pupils agreed that it was
the least valuable approach
Level descriptors still in
use
Many department heads felt trapped in the use of
levels and the descriptors. Frustration at the short
timescale for change to a new system was a common
theme. Summative testing using old SATs papers was
still in use in some departments.
GCSE descriptors used
at key stage 3
One alliance reported that only one of their nine
departments across three schools used this. The head
of department was confident in this approach as he
was a current examiner for this subject.
APP used to assess
student work and to set
targets for development
- Its details and size makes it cumbersome,
- The language is difficult to communicate to students
and parents,
- Students struggle with the connection between APP
and GCSE assessment criteria.
Written teacher
feedback and student
SE using a ‘FUSE box’
approach (Facts,
Understanding, Skills,
- Difficult to identify next steps for most the able.
47. 47
Assessment
approaches
Reflections on existing practice
Explain)
Simple tick and
comment marking and
assessment of student
work.
- Students were disengaged from the subject
- Students unaware of what they needed to do to
improve further
Other examples of asessment approaches noted in school audits included:
• summative end of year tests
• formative teacher assessment (termly)
• target setting (numeracy and literacy)
• success criteria / ladders for children
• big write – once a month
• anecdotal records
• science observations form practical tasks referencing APP
• standardised half termly and termly assessments
• use of school pupil online tracker
• pupils’ self-assessment
• regular standards and progress meetings.
• easily identified next steps for children
48. 48
Appendix B: teaching schools, regions and websites
The table below contains details of all teaching schools that participated in this project. Resources from their individual projects will be
shared on their alliance websites.
Table 4 participating teaching school alliances
Teaching School Alliance Region Link
Alban TSA East of England www.albantsa.co.uk
Alliance for Learning North West www.aggs.trafford.sch.uk
Ashford Teaching Alliance South East www.ashfordteachingalliance.co.uk
Balcarras Teaching School Partnership South West www.balcarrasteachingschool.com
Bishop Challoner TSA West Midlands www.bctsa.org/
Bishop Rawstorne CofE Academy TSA North West www.bishopr.co.uk
Cambridge and Suffolk Schools Alliance (CASSA) East of England www.cassateaching.co.uk
Central Bedfordshire Teaching School Partnership East of England www.cbtp.co.uk
Chimney House TSA North West http://hccs.info/
Ebor TSA Yorkshire & the Humber www.ebor-tsa.org
49. 49
Northern Lights TSA Yorkshire & the Humber www.northernlightstsa.org
George Abbot TSA South East www.georgeabbot.surrey.sch.uk
Harrogate and Rural TSA Yorkshire & the Humber www.hartalliance.org.uk
Lambeth Teaching Schools Alliance North London http://seasonedtraveller.net/profile.html
Leading Learning Forward Yorkshire & the Humber www.leadinglearningforward.org.uk
Lightwoods TSA West Midlands Lightwoods website
Outwood Institute of Education Yorkshire & the Humber http://oie.outwood.com/
Parbold Douglas CE Academy Teaching Alliance North West www.pda.lancs.sch.uk
Portsmouth TSA South East www.portsmouthtsa.org
Primary Excellence TSA North West www.primaryexcellence.org
Severn TSA West Midlands www.severnteachingschool.co.uk
Silk Alliance North West www.silkalliance.org.uk
Shotton Hall TSA North East
www.shottonhallschool.co.uk/teaching-
school
50. 50
South East London Catholic Teaching Alliance London www.catholicteachingalliance.org.uk
South Farnham TSA South East www.south-farnham.surrey.sch.uk
Salop TSA West Midlands www.salopteachingschool.co.uk
Teaching School Alliance West Kent and West Sussex
(TAWKE)
South East
www.tawke-teaching-school-alliance-
west-kent-and-east-sussex.com
The Colmore Partnership TSA West Midlands www.cptsa.co.uk
The Pioneer TSA South East www.pioneeralliance.co.uk
The Stourport TSA West Midlands www.shs.worcs.sch.uk
The Wroxham Transformative Learning Alliance East of England http://wroxhamtla.org.uk/
Together to Succeed (T2S) North East www.t2s.org.uk
Tudor Grange Academy Solihull West Midlands www.solihull.tgacademy.org.uk
Trent Valley TSA East Midlands www.tvtsa.co.uk
Wigmore School TSA West Midlands http://hereteach.org.uk
Yorkshire Inclusive TSA Yorkshire & the Humber www.yorkshire-inclusive.org