The document discusses transitional justice in post-conflict societies. It explores the role of trials in transitional justice and argues they are often seen as the single solution but may not adequately address the social and cultural contexts. Trials focus on individual guilt but conflicts often involve collective actions and denial as a defense. An alternative is a social reconstruction model that focuses on restoring infrastructure, governance, and community agency. Gacaca courts in Rwanda attempted to bring justice and reconciliation together through community-level trials. Overall there needs to be a synergy between retributive and restorative justice approaches to achieve sustainable stability.