It is a presentation illustrating the main highlights of Beijing Conference helpful for many others who wish to learn about it quickly at a glance. I hope your kind feedbacks.
Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women
...What is CEDAW?
...Build Up Information
....To Do List
....Characteristics
....Terms & Condition
....Misunderstandings
....Conclusion
Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women
...What is CEDAW?
...Build Up Information
....To Do List
....Characteristics
....Terms & Condition
....Misunderstandings
....Conclusion
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 2005, MAIN PROVISIONS
SPECIAL LAWS AND ACTS IN INDIA
CASES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
In a patriarchal society like India this differences create inequality and the impact is upon the women folk.
A women in India is always referred as caretakers of home.
They are expected to cook good food, keep home perfectly clean, take proper care of other family members, obey the orders of elders etc. If these women are found deviating from their so called ideal duties ,they are punished and ridiculed.
The home which should be the safer place for a woman has become a place where she faces a regime of terror and violence at the hand of somebody close to her. To prevent domestic violence and to provide justice to the victims laws are formed
OBJECTIVES OF THE ACT
An Act to provide for more effective protection of the rights of women guaranteed under the Constitution who are victims of violence of any kind occurring within the family and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DEFINITION
For the purposes of this Act, any act, omission or commission or conduct of the respondent shall constitute domestic violence in case it—
(a) harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or well-being, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse; or
(b) harasses, harms, injures or endangers the aggrieved person with a view to coerce her or any other person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any dowry or other property or valuable security; or
(c) has the effect of threatening the aggrieved person or any person related to her by any conduct mentioned in clause (a) or clause (b); or
(d) otherwise injures or causes harm, whether physical or mental, to the aggrieved person
Women’s Studies VS Gender Studies UGC incorporate various courses in teaching under CWS; Beijing Conference-Declaration CEDAW- Principles Declaration of 2001 Women Empowerment year.
Department of Women and Child Development, Central and State Social Welfare Advisory Boards,
Presentation by Jemimah Njuki at the FAO-ILRI Workshop on Integrating Gender in Livestock Projects and Programs, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22-25 November 2011.
this presentation deals with the issue of political participation of women in India, need for political participation of women, steps taken by government and problems encountered by women
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 2005, MAIN PROVISIONS
SPECIAL LAWS AND ACTS IN INDIA
CASES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
In a patriarchal society like India this differences create inequality and the impact is upon the women folk.
A women in India is always referred as caretakers of home.
They are expected to cook good food, keep home perfectly clean, take proper care of other family members, obey the orders of elders etc. If these women are found deviating from their so called ideal duties ,they are punished and ridiculed.
The home which should be the safer place for a woman has become a place where she faces a regime of terror and violence at the hand of somebody close to her. To prevent domestic violence and to provide justice to the victims laws are formed
OBJECTIVES OF THE ACT
An Act to provide for more effective protection of the rights of women guaranteed under the Constitution who are victims of violence of any kind occurring within the family and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DEFINITION
For the purposes of this Act, any act, omission or commission or conduct of the respondent shall constitute domestic violence in case it—
(a) harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or well-being, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse; or
(b) harasses, harms, injures or endangers the aggrieved person with a view to coerce her or any other person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any dowry or other property or valuable security; or
(c) has the effect of threatening the aggrieved person or any person related to her by any conduct mentioned in clause (a) or clause (b); or
(d) otherwise injures or causes harm, whether physical or mental, to the aggrieved person
Women’s Studies VS Gender Studies UGC incorporate various courses in teaching under CWS; Beijing Conference-Declaration CEDAW- Principles Declaration of 2001 Women Empowerment year.
Department of Women and Child Development, Central and State Social Welfare Advisory Boards,
Presentation by Jemimah Njuki at the FAO-ILRI Workshop on Integrating Gender in Livestock Projects and Programs, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22-25 November 2011.
this presentation deals with the issue of political participation of women in India, need for political participation of women, steps taken by government and problems encountered by women
Practical Aspects Of The Campaign And Results Of Previous ConferencesElisabeth Riedl
Empowering women to create alliances for a culture of peace, fulfilling MDG # 3:
Promoting gender equality and empowering women.
May 21st --May 23rd in Dresden
UN Women continued to work towards a world in which women and men, and girls and boys, are equal. From advancing norms and standards, to expanding women’s leadership and participation, bolstering women’s economic empowerment, and ending violence against women and girls, we are registering solid gains together with our partners. We are joining forces to ignite a global movement for gender equality, women’s empowerment and the human rights of women and girls.
Right now, we have a unique opportunity to make greater progress as the international community works to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), define a post-2015 development framework and review progress since the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.The agreement reached at the 2014 UN Commission on the Status of Women lays a strong foundation for a transformative global development agenda that tackles structural gender inequality.
Since I assumed leadership of UN Women in August 2013, I have placed an emphasis on strengthening partnerships for action and ensuring that the UN system delivers as one for women and girls.We are reaching out to men and boys, and forging closer collaboration with women’s groups, civil society, and the private sector as we support governments in national development. Every time more women are elected to parliament, and more girls complete school and graduate from university, we are making progress.
Every time perpetrators of violence against women are prosecuted and brought to justice, and more laws are adopted and implemented to protect women’s rights, we move ahead. Every time women’s voices are heard in peace talks and nation building, and increased resources are dedicated to women’s full and equal participation, we take steps forward. This annual report showcases the progress and potential of UN Women.
I thank all individuals who are working with and alongside us.Together we can achieve equality between women and men in the 21st century. Dr. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director Igniting a Global Movement for Gender Equality Foreword by the Executive Director
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
3. INTRODUCTION
The fourth world conference of women gathered in Beijing in September 1995,on
the occasion of the 50th anniversary founding of the united nation.
There were representative from 189 countries.
The platform for action is an agenda for women’s empowerment.
Beijing conference focus on the private life through a full and equal share in
economic, social, cultural, political decision making at home in the workplace
and in the wider national and international communities.
4. Its main aim is to remove all the obstacles of the women.
In order to achieve equality,the platform for action emphasize the need
for women to work together and in partnership with man towards the
common goal of gender equity and worldwide.
The conference emphasize on the elimination of violence and
discirimination against women on the right to development.The
government promised to built agreement made at previous UN
conference and submit on women in Nairobi in 1985, in
Mexico(1975),Copenhagen (1980).
The government commited to achieve the fukky and affective
implementation of past strategy including women and human right.
5. OBJECTIVES
To maintain policies and strategies in solving women
poverty
To revise laws and administrative practices to ensure
women’s equal rights and access to economic resources
To provide women with access to savings and credit
mechanisms and institutions
To develop gender-based methodologies and conduct
research to address the feminization of poverty
To ensure equal access to education
6. CONTINUED…
To improve women’s access to vocational training, science and
technology, and continuing education
To develop non-discriminatory education and training
To promote life-long education and training for girls and women
To increase women’s access throughout the life cycle to appropriate,
affordable and quality health care, information and related services
To strengthen preventive programmes that promote women’s health
7. DECLARATION
The Beijing platform focuses on 12 “critical areas of concern” that must be addressed
to achieve gender quality and women’s empowerment:
• Poverty is the number one worry (women and poverty)
• Equal access to education
• Good health and its essential (women and health)
• Violence of women
• Armed conflict
• Economical and political role
• Strength mechanism
• Improving position
•Contribute of media
•Women rights and human rights
•Protection of ecosystem
•Take care of girls
8. STRATEGY
Intensifying efforts and action to achieve the goals of the Nairobi forward-
looking strategies for the advancement of women by the end of century.
Encouraging mens participation fully in all actions towards equality.
By taking all necessary measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination
against women and girl.
By preventing and eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls.
By promoting and protecting all human rights of women and girls.
9. CONCLUSION
As can be seen from the declaration
, objectives the basic aims leading
to the improvement of the position
of women and the implementation
of the principle of an equal position
for women and men has been set.
10. REFERENCES
• https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/declar.html
• Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the
Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigenda),
resolution 1
• Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-seventh Session, Supplement No.
38 (A/47/38), chap. I.
• Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, Report of the World Conference on
Human Rights, chap. III, para. 5.
• Final Report of the World Conference on Education for All: Meeting
Basic Learning Needs, Jomtien, Thailand, 5-9 March 1990, Inter-Agency
Commission (UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank) for the World Conference
on Education for All, New York, 1990, appendix 1.