International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Designing an HMI follows a series of steps that have been pretty much standardized in the field as best industry practices for developing technology in general. Development is accomplished in these basic steps…
Find out more about automotive HMI here:
http://bit.ly/cockpit-hmi
Direct manipulation is a style of human-computer interaction that allows users to physically interact with and directly control objects on the screen. It features a natural representation of tasks and actions, allowing users to perform tasks directly rather than through complex commands. Key aspects include visibility of objects and actions, rapid and reversible incremental actions, and replacing command syntax with visual manipulation. Direct manipulation improves usability by reducing errors and helping users learn software more quickly. While it requires more screen space and computer resources, direct manipulation is widely used in applications from word processing to video games.
Direct manipulation and virtual environmentsSanjog Sigdel
Direct Manipulation and Virtual Environments discusses direct manipulation interfaces and virtual environments. It defines direct manipulation as interfaces that allow continuous visibility and physical manipulation of objects rather than typed commands. Examples discussed include graphical user interfaces, video games, CAD software, and touchscreens. Challenges with 3D interfaces like disorientation and complex actions are addressed. Teleoperation, the remote control of machines, and applications in manufacturing and surgery are covered. Virtual and augmented reality simulations are examined along with concerns about visual displays and sensing technologies.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines usability issues experienced by ATM users in Pune, India. The paper reviews literature on ATM usability and related topics. A survey was conducted with 70 ATM users, and their responses were analyzed. The analysis found that users were most concerned with time spent at ATMs and usability factors like ease of use and speed. Users wanted special features for elderly users. The paper concludes that banks should implement improvements like enhanced usability of screens and menus, clearer error messages, and accessibility features for elderly users.
Computer – Hardware
Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer, i.e. the components that can be seen and touched.
Examples of Hardware are the following −
Input devices − keyboard, mouse, etc.
Output devices − printer, monitor, etc.
Secondary storage devices − Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.
Internal components − RAM,CPU, motherboard, etc.
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES OF COMPUTER Input Devices A device that can be used to insert data into a computer system is called as input device. It allows people to supply information to computers without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and Light pen, joysticks, Touch-screen, OMR, OBR,OCR. Keyboard Most common and very popular input device is keyboard. The keyboard helps in inputting the data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing some additional functions. Keyboard is of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now 104 keys or 108 keys keyboard is also available for Windows and Internet. Mouse Mouse is most popular Pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device. It is a small palm size box with a round ball at its base which senses the movement of mouse and sends corresponding signals to CPU on pressing the buttons. Generally it has two buttons called left and right button and scroll bar is present at the mid. Mouse can be used to control the position of cursor on screen, but it cannot be used to enter text into the computer.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
Designing an HMI follows a series of steps that have been pretty much standardized in the field as best industry practices for developing technology in general. Development is accomplished in these basic steps…
Find out more about automotive HMI here:
http://bit.ly/cockpit-hmi
Direct manipulation is a style of human-computer interaction that allows users to physically interact with and directly control objects on the screen. It features a natural representation of tasks and actions, allowing users to perform tasks directly rather than through complex commands. Key aspects include visibility of objects and actions, rapid and reversible incremental actions, and replacing command syntax with visual manipulation. Direct manipulation improves usability by reducing errors and helping users learn software more quickly. While it requires more screen space and computer resources, direct manipulation is widely used in applications from word processing to video games.
Direct manipulation and virtual environmentsSanjog Sigdel
Direct Manipulation and Virtual Environments discusses direct manipulation interfaces and virtual environments. It defines direct manipulation as interfaces that allow continuous visibility and physical manipulation of objects rather than typed commands. Examples discussed include graphical user interfaces, video games, CAD software, and touchscreens. Challenges with 3D interfaces like disorientation and complex actions are addressed. Teleoperation, the remote control of machines, and applications in manufacturing and surgery are covered. Virtual and augmented reality simulations are examined along with concerns about visual displays and sensing technologies.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines usability issues experienced by ATM users in Pune, India. The paper reviews literature on ATM usability and related topics. A survey was conducted with 70 ATM users, and their responses were analyzed. The analysis found that users were most concerned with time spent at ATMs and usability factors like ease of use and speed. Users wanted special features for elderly users. The paper concludes that banks should implement improvements like enhanced usability of screens and menus, clearer error messages, and accessibility features for elderly users.
Computer – Hardware
Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer, i.e. the components that can be seen and touched.
Examples of Hardware are the following −
Input devices − keyboard, mouse, etc.
Output devices − printer, monitor, etc.
Secondary storage devices − Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.
Internal components − RAM,CPU, motherboard, etc.
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES OF COMPUTER Input Devices A device that can be used to insert data into a computer system is called as input device. It allows people to supply information to computers without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and Light pen, joysticks, Touch-screen, OMR, OBR,OCR. Keyboard Most common and very popular input device is keyboard. The keyboard helps in inputting the data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing some additional functions. Keyboard is of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now 104 keys or 108 keys keyboard is also available for Windows and Internet. Mouse Mouse is most popular Pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device. It is a small palm size box with a round ball at its base which senses the movement of mouse and sends corresponding signals to CPU on pressing the buttons. Generally it has two buttons called left and right button and scroll bar is present at the mid. Mouse can be used to control the position of cursor on screen, but it cannot be used to enter text into the computer.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
Sign Language Recognition using MediapipeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a student research project that aims to develop a sign language recognition system using the Mediapipe framework. The system takes video input of signed letters from the American Sign Language alphabet and outputs the recognized letters in text format. The document provides background on sign language and gesture recognition, describes the Mediapipe framework and implementation methodology using KNN classification, and presents preliminary results of the system detecting hand positions and recognizing letters in real-time. The overall goal is to reduce communication barriers for deaf individuals by translating sign language to written text.
This document summarizes a presentation on effective design of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) for process control systems. It discusses why many existing HMI designs are poor and contribute to operational issues. Good HMI design should focus on providing operators with the information they need to develop strong situation awareness, including presenting data in a way that supports comprehension of current conditions and ability to project future status. The presentation provides examples of both poor and effective HMI designs and outlines a user-centered design process.
Poor HMI designs have been identified as factors contributing to abnormal situations, billions of dollars of lost production, accidents, and fatalities. Many HMIs actually impede rather than assist operators. Many of the poor designs are holdovers due to the limitations of early control systems and the lack of knowledge of system designers. However, with the advent of newer and more powerful systems, these limitations no longer apply. Also, decades of research has identified better implementation methods. Unfortunately, change is difficult and people continue to follow poor design practices. In fact, some new designs are actually worse than older designs! Just as a computer is not a typewriter, new HMI designs should not mimic those of old. The problem is that many designers often simply don’t know any better. This presentation will review why certain HMI designs are poor (with many examples) and show how they can be improved.
This document summarizes a presentation on effective human-machine interface (HMI) design. It discusses why many existing HMI designs are poor and contribute to operational issues. Poor designs often overload operators with raw data instead of presenting information in a way that supports situation awareness. The presentation reviews principles for user-centered design and effective HMI design processes that focus on understanding operator goals and tasks. It provides examples of both ineffective and effective HMI designs from industrial process and medical contexts.
This document describes a study on hand gesture identification using the Mediapipe framework. The goal is to develop a system to translate American Sign Language (ASL) gestures into text by recognizing 21 3D landmarks on the hand. It discusses related work on sign language recognition using both vision-based and sensor-based approaches. The implementation methodology section describes using Mediapipe's hand tracking model to detect hand landmarks and then using KNN classification to identify the ASL alphabet gestures. Results show the system can currently recognize ASL alphabet signs in real-time with 86-91% accuracy on average. Future work includes improving the system with more training data to increase accuracy and expand the vocabulary of signs recognized.
The quality identification of fruits in image processing using matlabeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses different types of visual and screen interfaces for interaction. It describes light output interfaces like LEDs that provide simple feedback without demanding attention. It also discusses visual input interfaces like cameras, QR codes, and light sensors that allow devices to "see." Finally, it examines different types of screens and displays including custom segment displays, character set displays, dynamic displays, electronic ink displays, and when a screen may or may not be preferable to no screen. The key advantages and disadvantages of each type of visual and screen interface are outlined.
IRJET- Sign Language and Gesture Recognition for Deaf and Dumb PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for sign language and gesture recognition to help deaf and dumb people communicate. The proposed system uses image processing techniques like Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to recognize hand gestures from images taken by a webcam without the need for sensors. The system is trained on a dataset of sign language images and can recognize gestures and output corresponding voice or text. This allows for two-way communication between deaf/mute and normal individuals by converting signs to speech and text. The key advantages over previous sensor-based systems are that it does not require any hardware to be worn and can recognize a larger vocabulary of signs and words.
A SURVEY ON NUMEROUS DEVELOPMENTS IN MULTI-TOUCH TECHNOLOGYpharmaindexing
This document summarizes numerous developments in multi-touch technology. It discusses various multi-touch technologies categorized as either sensor-based or computer vision-based. Sensor-based technologies like FMTSID, DiamondTouch and SmartSkin are able to simultaneously detect multiple touch points but are costly to build. Computer vision-based technologies like FTIR, DI and Microsoft Surface use optical techniques and cameras to detect touches and are more scalable and affordable. The document also outlines key technologies for multi-touch like touch detection accuracy, user identification, and bimanual interaction support.
TOUCHLESS ECOSYSTEM USING HAND GESTURESIRJET Journal
The document describes a touchless ecosystem using hand gestures that was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It uses the handpose model with TensorFlow.js to detect 21 3D landmarks on the hand and recognize gestures like pinching. This allows users to interact with devices like check-in kiosks without touching them, reducing disease transmission. The system was created using Django for the web application framework and connects the front-end interface to backend services. It captures variations of hand positions to train a click gesture recognized as pinching the thumb and index finger twice in quick succession. This gesture can then be used to click on elements in the touchless interface.
Sign Language Identification based on Hand GesturesIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on sign language identification based on hand gestures. The researchers aim to develop a system that can recognize American Sign Language gestures from video sequences. They use two different models - a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to analyze the spatial features of video frames, and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to analyze the temporal features across frames. The document discusses the methodology used, including data collection from videos, pre-processing of frames, feature extraction using CNN models, and gesture classification. It also provides a literature review on previous studies related to sign language recognition and communication systems for deaf people.
This document provides an overview of guidelines for effective user interface design. It discusses considerations for layout and style, color, imagery, visible language, interaction design principles, layering and style, color design, and general usability testing. The document emphasizes user-centered design, consistency, providing feedback, and testing interfaces on different systems and browsers.
The document describes a mobile phone application developed to help visually impaired users with object recognition, color detection, and locating light sources. The application uses image recognition algorithms like SIFT to match scanned objects to a database and identify objects. It can also detect major colors in scenes and locate the brightest areas by generating sound at different frequencies. The system architecture includes modules for these tasks that analyze photos and communicate results to blind users via prerecorded voice messages. The authors conclude it was successfully tested with a blind user to aid activities of daily living like identifying objects.
Object Recognition in Mobile Phone Application for Visually Impaired UsersIOSR Journals
The document describes a mobile phone application developed to help visually impaired users with object recognition, color detection, and locating light sources. The application uses image recognition algorithms like SIFT to match scanned objects to a database and identify objects. It can also detect major colors in scenes and locate the brightest areas to indicate light sources. The system architecture includes modules for these tasks that analyze photos and communicate results to the user via recorded verbal messages to aid with daily living activities. It aims to provide portable assistance without requiring special tags on objects like existing low-tech labeling systems.
Android note manager application for people with visual impairmentijmnct
With the outburst of smart-phones today, the market is exploding with various mobile applications. This
paper proposes an application using which visually impaired people can type a note in Grade 1 Braille and
save it in the external memory of their smart-phone. The application also shows intelligence by activating
reminders and/or calling certain contacts based on the content in the notes.
Sign Language Recognition using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on sign language recognition using machine learning. The researchers developed a convolutional neural network model to detect hand movements and classify them as letters of the alphabet from sign language. They used a dataset of images of American Sign Language letters and trained their CNN model on this data. Their model was able to accurately recognize the letters in real-time using input from a webcam. The document also discusses using background subtraction and other techniques to improve the model's performance at sign language recognition.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Analysing Wound Area Measurement using Android AppIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android app that uses image processing techniques to measure wound areas from digital images. The app first pre-processes images to remove noise and enhance edges. It then uses Sobel edge detection, kernel algorithms, and fuzzy c-means clustering to segment the wound from the image. Pixels within the wound boundary are counted and scaled to calculate the actual wound area. The app was found to accurately measure wound areas in clinical tests to within 90% compared to traditional measurement methods. Future work could expand the technique to other medical imaging applications like fractures or retinal diseases.
Accessing Operating System using Finger GestureIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for accessing an operating system using finger gestures captured by a webcam. The system aims to reduce costs compared to existing gesture recognition systems that use expensive sensors like Kinect. It uses image processing algorithms to detect hand gestures from webcam input, recognize gestures like number of fingers, and execute corresponding operating system commands. The system architecture first segments hand regions from background, then classifies skin pixels and detects colored tapes on fingers to identify gestures. It can open programs and navigate computer contents contactlessly using natural hand movements. The proposed system aims to provide an affordable alternative for human-computer interaction without external input devices like mice or keyboards.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Sign Language Recognition using MediapipeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a student research project that aims to develop a sign language recognition system using the Mediapipe framework. The system takes video input of signed letters from the American Sign Language alphabet and outputs the recognized letters in text format. The document provides background on sign language and gesture recognition, describes the Mediapipe framework and implementation methodology using KNN classification, and presents preliminary results of the system detecting hand positions and recognizing letters in real-time. The overall goal is to reduce communication barriers for deaf individuals by translating sign language to written text.
This document summarizes a presentation on effective design of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) for process control systems. It discusses why many existing HMI designs are poor and contribute to operational issues. Good HMI design should focus on providing operators with the information they need to develop strong situation awareness, including presenting data in a way that supports comprehension of current conditions and ability to project future status. The presentation provides examples of both poor and effective HMI designs and outlines a user-centered design process.
Poor HMI designs have been identified as factors contributing to abnormal situations, billions of dollars of lost production, accidents, and fatalities. Many HMIs actually impede rather than assist operators. Many of the poor designs are holdovers due to the limitations of early control systems and the lack of knowledge of system designers. However, with the advent of newer and more powerful systems, these limitations no longer apply. Also, decades of research has identified better implementation methods. Unfortunately, change is difficult and people continue to follow poor design practices. In fact, some new designs are actually worse than older designs! Just as a computer is not a typewriter, new HMI designs should not mimic those of old. The problem is that many designers often simply don’t know any better. This presentation will review why certain HMI designs are poor (with many examples) and show how they can be improved.
This document summarizes a presentation on effective human-machine interface (HMI) design. It discusses why many existing HMI designs are poor and contribute to operational issues. Poor designs often overload operators with raw data instead of presenting information in a way that supports situation awareness. The presentation reviews principles for user-centered design and effective HMI design processes that focus on understanding operator goals and tasks. It provides examples of both ineffective and effective HMI designs from industrial process and medical contexts.
This document describes a study on hand gesture identification using the Mediapipe framework. The goal is to develop a system to translate American Sign Language (ASL) gestures into text by recognizing 21 3D landmarks on the hand. It discusses related work on sign language recognition using both vision-based and sensor-based approaches. The implementation methodology section describes using Mediapipe's hand tracking model to detect hand landmarks and then using KNN classification to identify the ASL alphabet gestures. Results show the system can currently recognize ASL alphabet signs in real-time with 86-91% accuracy on average. Future work includes improving the system with more training data to increase accuracy and expand the vocabulary of signs recognized.
The quality identification of fruits in image processing using matlabeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses different types of visual and screen interfaces for interaction. It describes light output interfaces like LEDs that provide simple feedback without demanding attention. It also discusses visual input interfaces like cameras, QR codes, and light sensors that allow devices to "see." Finally, it examines different types of screens and displays including custom segment displays, character set displays, dynamic displays, electronic ink displays, and when a screen may or may not be preferable to no screen. The key advantages and disadvantages of each type of visual and screen interface are outlined.
IRJET- Sign Language and Gesture Recognition for Deaf and Dumb PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for sign language and gesture recognition to help deaf and dumb people communicate. The proposed system uses image processing techniques like Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to recognize hand gestures from images taken by a webcam without the need for sensors. The system is trained on a dataset of sign language images and can recognize gestures and output corresponding voice or text. This allows for two-way communication between deaf/mute and normal individuals by converting signs to speech and text. The key advantages over previous sensor-based systems are that it does not require any hardware to be worn and can recognize a larger vocabulary of signs and words.
A SURVEY ON NUMEROUS DEVELOPMENTS IN MULTI-TOUCH TECHNOLOGYpharmaindexing
This document summarizes numerous developments in multi-touch technology. It discusses various multi-touch technologies categorized as either sensor-based or computer vision-based. Sensor-based technologies like FMTSID, DiamondTouch and SmartSkin are able to simultaneously detect multiple touch points but are costly to build. Computer vision-based technologies like FTIR, DI and Microsoft Surface use optical techniques and cameras to detect touches and are more scalable and affordable. The document also outlines key technologies for multi-touch like touch detection accuracy, user identification, and bimanual interaction support.
TOUCHLESS ECOSYSTEM USING HAND GESTURESIRJET Journal
The document describes a touchless ecosystem using hand gestures that was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It uses the handpose model with TensorFlow.js to detect 21 3D landmarks on the hand and recognize gestures like pinching. This allows users to interact with devices like check-in kiosks without touching them, reducing disease transmission. The system was created using Django for the web application framework and connects the front-end interface to backend services. It captures variations of hand positions to train a click gesture recognized as pinching the thumb and index finger twice in quick succession. This gesture can then be used to click on elements in the touchless interface.
Sign Language Identification based on Hand GesturesIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on sign language identification based on hand gestures. The researchers aim to develop a system that can recognize American Sign Language gestures from video sequences. They use two different models - a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to analyze the spatial features of video frames, and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to analyze the temporal features across frames. The document discusses the methodology used, including data collection from videos, pre-processing of frames, feature extraction using CNN models, and gesture classification. It also provides a literature review on previous studies related to sign language recognition and communication systems for deaf people.
This document provides an overview of guidelines for effective user interface design. It discusses considerations for layout and style, color, imagery, visible language, interaction design principles, layering and style, color design, and general usability testing. The document emphasizes user-centered design, consistency, providing feedback, and testing interfaces on different systems and browsers.
The document describes a mobile phone application developed to help visually impaired users with object recognition, color detection, and locating light sources. The application uses image recognition algorithms like SIFT to match scanned objects to a database and identify objects. It can also detect major colors in scenes and locate the brightest areas by generating sound at different frequencies. The system architecture includes modules for these tasks that analyze photos and communicate results to blind users via prerecorded voice messages. The authors conclude it was successfully tested with a blind user to aid activities of daily living like identifying objects.
Object Recognition in Mobile Phone Application for Visually Impaired UsersIOSR Journals
The document describes a mobile phone application developed to help visually impaired users with object recognition, color detection, and locating light sources. The application uses image recognition algorithms like SIFT to match scanned objects to a database and identify objects. It can also detect major colors in scenes and locate the brightest areas to indicate light sources. The system architecture includes modules for these tasks that analyze photos and communicate results to the user via recorded verbal messages to aid with daily living activities. It aims to provide portable assistance without requiring special tags on objects like existing low-tech labeling systems.
Android note manager application for people with visual impairmentijmnct
With the outburst of smart-phones today, the market is exploding with various mobile applications. This
paper proposes an application using which visually impaired people can type a note in Grade 1 Braille and
save it in the external memory of their smart-phone. The application also shows intelligence by activating
reminders and/or calling certain contacts based on the content in the notes.
Sign Language Recognition using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on sign language recognition using machine learning. The researchers developed a convolutional neural network model to detect hand movements and classify them as letters of the alphabet from sign language. They used a dataset of images of American Sign Language letters and trained their CNN model on this data. Their model was able to accurately recognize the letters in real-time using input from a webcam. The document also discusses using background subtraction and other techniques to improve the model's performance at sign language recognition.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Analysing Wound Area Measurement using Android AppIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android app that uses image processing techniques to measure wound areas from digital images. The app first pre-processes images to remove noise and enhance edges. It then uses Sobel edge detection, kernel algorithms, and fuzzy c-means clustering to segment the wound from the image. Pixels within the wound boundary are counted and scaled to calculate the actual wound area. The app was found to accurately measure wound areas in clinical tests to within 90% compared to traditional measurement methods. Future work could expand the technique to other medical imaging applications like fractures or retinal diseases.
Accessing Operating System using Finger GestureIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for accessing an operating system using finger gestures captured by a webcam. The system aims to reduce costs compared to existing gesture recognition systems that use expensive sensors like Kinect. It uses image processing algorithms to detect hand gestures from webcam input, recognize gestures like number of fingers, and execute corresponding operating system commands. The system architecture first segments hand regions from background, then classifies skin pixels and detects colored tapes on fingers to identify gestures. It can open programs and navigate computer contents contactlessly using natural hand movements. The proposed system aims to provide an affordable alternative for human-computer interaction without external input devices like mice or keyboards.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
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Be4201384387
1. Shreya Deodhar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.384-387
RESEARCH ARTICLE
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OPEN ACCESS
Effective Use of Colors in HMI Design
Shreya Deodhar, Prachi Agrawal, Aditi Helekar
(Electronics & Telecommunication engineering in University of Pune , India)
(Electronics & Telecommunication engineering in University of Pune, India)
(Electronics & Telecommunication engineering in University of Pune, India)
ABSTRACT
Nowadays majority portion of the operations in modern manufacturing industries are performed by the
implementation of automation technology. All automation technologies employ a graphical Human Machine
Interface (HMIs) to interact with the machine. Color is a major component of the HMI. The main characteristic
of the HMI is that it should be intuitive and user friendly. With the use of appropriate colors, the HMI can be
designed in such a way that the user focuses only on the specific part of the interface at that specific time
period. Choosing the right color for the background, control buttons, alarms, text and other objects is very
critical to design a good HMI. This paper will briefly examine theoretical and practical aspects of these
components and the established techniques for the effective use of color in graphical HMI. A survey was
conducted in order to support the findings of the study.
Keywords - Colors, Display, Graphics, HMI-Human Machine Interface, Objects
I. INTRODUCTION
In order to achieve high productivity from
the automated machineries used in the industries, the
issues of end-product equipment safety, ease of
operation and reducing human error become
extremely important. Human machine interfaces
(HMIs) provide means to the operators to see, touch
and control high stress industrial processes through
touch screen displays. The two major factors to be
considered while designing the HMI are, the screen
must be able to hold operator’s attention with
maximum display clarity and the design must allow a
person with no training or little experience to be able
to successfully operate a machine.
According to a previous study, every color
creates a different emotion in a human being [2].
According to Murch, a well-known human factors
researcher, “Color can be a powerful tool to improve
the usefulness of an information display in a wide
variety of areas if it is used properly”[1]. The
communicative properties of a color can help in
designing an effective HMI. For example, Blue
triggers the sense of calm and red color of danger [3].
For a good design, the HMI would rather be simple
than having big flashing animated lights, vessels with
bright colors, or moving conveyors. Putting big
bright measurement units is a bad idea. Also number
of colors included in the design should be limited.
II. THE PROPOSED TECHNIQUES
2.1 Background Color
It has been observed during many previous
studies that warm colors such as red, yellow, and
orange are better in drawing one’s attention to
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particular areas of the display [3]. Use of such warm
colors should not be used for large areas of the screen
as they degrade the performance by continuously
drawing attention to them. Use of blue and green
colors may fail to draw attention. Thus it can be
argued that cool colors make better backgrounds and
theme colors because of their tendency towards
balanced representation of feelings [3].
An HMI graphic should always have a dull
background (preferably grey). There should be no
animation and crossing lines should be avoided, so
that the operator does not get distracted from
important data. Primary colors (red, green, blue)
should never be used as background. Black and white
colors are generally not used in background due to
their characteristic of causing a glare. According to a
study [3] brown and grey colors are dull and do not
draw attention. It is always recommended to use
pastel shades such as light grey, light brown in the
background. These colors are easier to look and
provide good contrast for the dark/ brighter colors
(i.e. red, yellow etc) used for other components in the
display page. While incorporating multiple pages,
multiple shadows are used for each page so that the
operator can visually identify different pages even
from a distance.
2.2 Display Colors for Objects
According to SCADA/HMI Design Standard
[4], there are few colors those specifically should be
used for representing certain operations. They are:
Red Stop, Emergency or Prohibition
Green Start or Safe Condition
Yellow Warning
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2. Shreya Deodhar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.384-387
Blue Mandatory Operation
These colors should be clearly visible to the
operators. Also if these color conventions are being
followed in a design, then they should be strictly
followed and similar colors should not be used to
indicate any other actions. This will help reduce the
misinterpretation or confusion for the operator. Dark
colors should not be in screen in large blocks because
they can create complementary color image retention
on the retina [5].
Let us consider a standard object (Meter)
from the microchip’s graphic library. As shown in the
figure 1, it shows six colors. This object all by itself
will not indicate any information. Colors have to be
chosen according to the application. Figure 2
indicates a speedometer it is a simple meter
consisting of three colors. It can be observed that
though minimum amount of text is present on the
screen, it is not at all hard to interpret. The figure 3
uses the same object however now with different
colors. The purpose of this screen can also be easily
interpreted. It is the meter indicating the solder
mixture composition. The green indicates the
desirable area and the actions to be taken in case of
the red areas are clearly mentioned. Figure 2 and
Figure 3 are superior representations. When asked in
the survey, 99% of the users were able to correctly
identify the representation.
Attention to detail is important. It is typical
to use bar charts to show relative positions and
values. While this may be better than simply showing
numbers, it is inferior to the use of moving elements
since as the bar’s value gets low, the bar disappears
as seen in Figure 4.
The human eye is more likely to see the
presence of an object rather than the absence. As
shown in Figure 5 the representation can be
improved. Also as the quantities are one below the
other they can be easily compared.
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2.3 Text
Text in the HMI screen is the easiest way to
convey information to the operator. However a
screen should contain minimum text. Proper font and
color should be used in the display so that an operator
should not face any difficulty in reading and
understanding the information. It is always wise to
choose fonts which are commonly available in most
of the computers, such as Arial, Times New Roman
etc.
The size of the text should be as such that
the operator can read the key information from
several feet distance without and all the text should
be black. Alarm text should be red and warnings in
yellow. Thin blue lines (like blue text) tend to blur,
and small blue objects tend to disappear when we try
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3. Shreya Deodhar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.384-387
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to focus on them. Colors such as blue, green, yellow
should be avoided for text. These findings were also
proved by the supporting survey.
2.4 Alarm
Alarm and event information are the most
important parts in the HMI screen design because it
enables the operator to identify system operations and
avoid critical situation those may arise during a
process.
An event occurs whenever an operator reacts
to alarms or makes any changes to the system.
Alarms consider changes in a process or in its control
system (i.e. operator action, configuration changes
etc) those need to be recorded. HMI touch-screen,
alarms and process feedbacks should consist of the
following types:
Informative or Predictive: No action
required. These can use green color, as these are not
urgent and are needed only for user feedback. e.g.
“Process Complete” (informative).
Warning: Process may or in 99% cases may not
produce damage even if no corrective action is taken
immediately. These
generally use
yellow.
e.g.”Improper Lubrication”.
Blocking: The controller takes an action
against any risky condition to protect the process and
further operation is prevented until the reason is
cleared. e.g. “Motor Jammed”
When a fault occurs, the separate alarm
indicator appears next to it . The indicator keeps on
flashing while the alarm is unacknowledged (one of
the very few proper uses of animation) and ceases
flashing after acknowledgement, but remains as long
as the alarm condition is in effect. People do not
detect color change well in peripheral vision, but
movement, such as flashing, is readily detected.
Alarms thus readily stand out on a graphic and are
detectable at a glance.
Bright colors are primarily used to bring or
draw attention to abnormal situations, not normal
ones. Screens depicting the operation running
normally should not be covered in brightly saturated
colors, such as red or green pumps, equipment,
valves, etc. When alarm colors are chosen, such as
bright red and yellow, they are used solely for the
depiction of an alarm-related condition and
functionality and for no other purpose. Figure 6
shows a fault depiction. In further details the fault
should be specified as shown in Figure 7. If color is
used inconsistently, then it ceases to have meaning.
[5].
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Proper screen layout is very important for a
good HMI display. Generally, a human operator scans
an HMI screen as any other regular screens, starting
from top left corner to right and then down the
screen. The human scanning pattern is as shown in
Figure 8. So, the important objects of a system
should be in an area within the page where the
operator’s attention goes easily. The alarms should be
on the top of the page. Any graphical image object
should be on the center left with key data on the
center right of the page.
It is recommended that start, stop or controls
are kept in the lower left side and the navigation on
the lower right side of the page.
2.5 Process diagram:
Many a times while designing the HMI, it is
important to include a representation of the complete
process flow in the HMI screen. This makes the
operators to visualize the plant and identify the
locations of the measurements. A good HMI should
always have consistent process flow direction and the
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4. Shreya Deodhar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.384-387
use of color must be limited. An HMI graphics
should always include trends so that the operator can
easily follow the behavior of a plant and monitor
possible excursions.
In doing this, vessel levels should not be
shown as large blobs of saturated color. A simple
strip depiction showing the proximity to alarm limits
is better [5]. The Figure 9 shows an appropriate
depiction of a process diagram.
[3]
[4]
[5]
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Tharangie K G D, Irfan C M A, Yamad K
and Marasinghe A.,” Kansei Color Concepts
to Improve Effective Color Selection in
Designing Human Computer Interfaces”,
IJCSI International Journal of Computer
Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 3, No 4, May
2010
SNS
HUMAN-MACHINE
(HMI)
STANDARDS
Bill Hollifield, ”A High Performance HMI:
Better
Graphics
for
Operations
Effectiveness”, Presented at the 2012 ISA
Water & Wastewater and Automatic
Controls Symposium Holiday Inn Castle
Resort, Orlando, Florida, USA – Aug 7-9,
2012
III. CONCLUSION
As HMI systems are turning to be the
principal point of contact between the user and the
machine, a good HMI display makes this interaction
flawless and smooth. This study concludes that
appropriate use of color proves to improve the design
of an HMI tenfold. In order to focus the user’s
attention, colors chosen for the background should be
dull and those for objects and text should be
attractive. Also it was concluded from the supporting
survey that, generally users are not able to
differentiate between the shades of green and blue.
Finally we can conclude that in an HMI the
representation should be crisp and to the point. No
unnecessary decoration should be tolerated .Use of
color should be made only to add information thus
making a better design.
IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Prof. Mrs.
T.S. Khatavkar of Department of Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering,
Pune Vidyarthi
Griha’s College of Engineering and Technology,
Pune for her valuable guidance.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
Taylor, J. M. and Murch. G. M. , “The
Effective Use of Color in Visual Displays:
Text and Graphics Applications”, Color
Research and Applications Vol. 11
Supplement (1986), pp.S3-10.
Murch, G. M.,” Physiological Principles for
the Effective Use of Color”, IEEE Computer
Graphics and Applications 4, (Nov.1984),
49-54.
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