1. Ecommerce provides various opportunities for businesses such as enabling local, national, and international trade through online marketplaces. It allows millions of items to be traded daily. The advantages of ecommerce include wider markets and lower costs, while disadvantages include security issues and the need for shipping. 2. The TCP/IP reference model, similar to the OSI model, uses gateways to connect different types of networks. Gateways have characteristics like addressing and protocol translation that allow communication between different networks. HTML is an example markup language that uses tags to structure and present content on web pages. 3. Intelligent websites with content management systems allow businesses to edit their own websites easily. This provides the need for businesses to manage