The document provides an overview of key concepts in health economics, including:
1) It discusses who has access to healthcare based on ability to pay and examines issues of equity, finance, delivery, and outcomes in healthcare systems.
2) It explores expenditures on healthcare as a percentage of GDP and characteristics of the insured population in the US.
3) It introduces basic questions of economic systems that also apply to health economics, such as what and for whom to produce, and how to achieve economic growth with scarce resources.
This presentation gives a basic introduction to the field of health economics and includes important concepts like that of efficiency, equity, opportunity costs, demand and supply and also includes financial evaluation
Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare.
Supply of health and medical care
Definition and Law of Supply.
The health care production function.
Cost production in health care.
Factors determine price and quantity of health care.
Factors affecting Supply.
Investment on healthcare.
Health insurance and supply in healthcare.
Market Equilibrium.
References
Questions
Health financing within the overall health systemHFG Project
Presented during Day One of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Prof. Tanimola Akande and Dr. Francis Ukwuije. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
This presentation gives a basic introduction to the field of health economics and includes important concepts like that of efficiency, equity, opportunity costs, demand and supply and also includes financial evaluation
Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare.
Supply of health and medical care
Definition and Law of Supply.
The health care production function.
Cost production in health care.
Factors determine price and quantity of health care.
Factors affecting Supply.
Investment on healthcare.
Health insurance and supply in healthcare.
Market Equilibrium.
References
Questions
Health financing within the overall health systemHFG Project
Presented during Day One of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Prof. Tanimola Akande and Dr. Francis Ukwuije. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
students wonder exactly what health economics is. is it about money in health, more health for the same money ? about health in hospitals or health of the country.
Introduction
What is definition and law of supply
Factors determine supply for health care services
Factors determine price & quantity of health care
What is the production function for health
Market equilibrium
Investing in the healthcare sector
Cost production in healthcare
Different healthcare system
Models of non-profit agencies
References
This slide contains a overview of Grossman Model . which includes concept of health as a human capital, little bit biography of michael grossman and his model and application of that model
Health Economics and Health Finance :Jordan Health Policy Directions Musa Ajlouni
This presentation includes general introduction to health economics,the concept of market failure in health, health financing including health insurance and major challenges related to healthcare financing in Jordan and some policy directions to face these challenges.
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
students wonder exactly what health economics is. is it about money in health, more health for the same money ? about health in hospitals or health of the country.
Introduction
What is definition and law of supply
Factors determine supply for health care services
Factors determine price & quantity of health care
What is the production function for health
Market equilibrium
Investing in the healthcare sector
Cost production in healthcare
Different healthcare system
Models of non-profit agencies
References
This slide contains a overview of Grossman Model . which includes concept of health as a human capital, little bit biography of michael grossman and his model and application of that model
Health Economics and Health Finance :Jordan Health Policy Directions Musa Ajlouni
This presentation includes general introduction to health economics,the concept of market failure in health, health financing including health insurance and major challenges related to healthcare financing in Jordan and some policy directions to face these challenges.
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
discussion on Health Economics and Health Care in our country and abroad, and what resources are given by the private sectors and with the very scarce help from the DOH, national and local government, and from the support given by WHO.
Did you have time to read the 1,990 page healthcare bill that was recently passed through Congress? Have you since wondered about the impact that massive bill will have on the average American, health insurance providers, business owners and YOU? If yes, then join the Young Professionals of Chicago as we host a panel of diverse health care professionals that will be discussing current healthcare reform and taking questions on the impact of the United States' new healthcare policy. The distinguished panelists will also provide some insight and clarity into what this massive bill means for individuals like you. There will also be an opportunity for open networking with other young professionals before and after the discussion.
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hCentive Health Insurance Exchange PlatformAlisha North
Take advantage of hCentive's deep expertise in the healthcare insurance industry. Browse through or download our white papers to get an in-depth understanding of the industry.
Medical costs are once again rising rapidly, forcing health care .pdfAroraRajinder1
Medical costs are once again rising rapidly, forcing health care back into political prominence.
This issue direct affects you as a student, family member, employer, and/or employee. The
problem of medical costs is so pervasive that it underlies three quite different policy crises. First
is the increasingly rapid unraveling of employer-based health insurance. Second is the plight of
Medicaid. Third is the long-term problem of the federal government’s solvency which is largely
a problem of health care costs.
Write an eight page paper addressing each of these issues. Be sure to choose a position (of
which there are many) and substantiate that position with facts and economic data. Some of the
issues which need to be answered are:
Is health care spending a problem?
Is employer-based insurance unraveling?
Medicare and Medicaid
The inefficiencies of the health care.
Single-payer and beyond.
How much health care should we have?
Can we fix health care?
Solution
1. Is health care spending a problem?
In 1960 the United States spent only 5.2 percent of GDP on health care. By 2004 that number
had risen to 16 percent. At this point America spends more on health care than it does on food.
But what’s wrong with that?
The starting point for any discussion of rising health care costs has to be the realization that these
rising costs are, in an important sense, a sign of progress. Here’s how the Congressional Budget
Office puts it, in the latest edition of its annual publication The Long-Term Budget Outlook:
Growth in health care spending has outstripped economic growth regardless of the source of its
funding. The major factor associated with that growth has been the development and increasing
use of new medical technology. In the health care field, unlike in many sectors of the economy,
technological advances have generally raised costs rather than lowered them.
Notice the three points in that quote. First, health care spending is rising rapidly “regardless of
the source of its funding.” Translation: although much health care is paid for by the government,
this isn’t a simple case of runaway government spending, because private spending is rising at a
comparably fast clip. “Comparing common benefits,” says the Kaiser Family Foundation,
changes in Medicare spending in the last three decades has largely tracked the growth rate in
private health insurance premiums. Typically, Medicare increases have been lower than those of
private health insurance.
Second, “new medical technology” is the major factor in rising spending: we spend more on
medicine because there’s more that medicine can do. Third, in medical care, technological
advances have generally raised costs rather than lowered them although new technology surely
produces cost savings in medicine, as elsewhere, the additional spending that takes place as a
result of the expansion of medical possibilities outweighs those savings.
So far, this sounds like a happy story. We’ve found new ways to help people, an.
The healthcare reform debate is very heated and this presentation is our effort to cut through some of the misunderstandings and misinformation. We hope you find it helpful!
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docxdrennanmicah
11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
Cómo impactan las tendencias globales vinculadas a la salud, en la demanda y prestación de servicios en el mundo y en países de desarrollo medio como el Perú.
Conferencista:
- Ivy Teh, Managing Director de Clearstate
Cómo el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud impacta positivamente en la economía y cuáles son los roles y espacios de colaboración público- privados.
Expositores:
- Ivy Teh, Managing Director de Clearstate
14. The Consumer Determined by regulators Availability of substitutes/complements Yes (for most goods and services) OOP does not reflect full price of service Pays price Yes Weak direct knowledge; based on trust Knows Quality Yes Weak knowledge Knows Price Yes Health Care Generic Industry
15. The Producer Mixed MD’s : other motivations Non-profits: no Pharmaceutical cos.: yes Profit maximizer yes Yes: licensing, certification, etc. restricts competition Regulation To address externalities; Taken into account in market models Less certainty: efficacy of treatment; scale: very certain to very vague Known Production Function Yes Health Care Generic Industry
HC is not a perfectly competitive market -- so need more insight. If it were perf, comp, then all allocations would be optimal
Note: some goods can be bad for you!
Different combinations of X and H lead to different levels of utility. Assuming that as x and h increase, U increases. Fix X at x1 and increase H, then U increases At
Many combinations of X and H; unlikely to hold one constant; rather, consider combinations of X and H for given levels of Utility. Then, given a set of constraints (Budget), will maximize utility. Now, do the same for higher and lower levels of utility.
Healthy -- low demand, lower prices willing to pay; more inelastic as less healthy
Say there is a $1000 deductible and that office visits for a procedure cost $200. Once that deductible is met, go back to verticle demand -- no price sensitivity.
Very inelastic demand - smaller welfare loss when insured; the more price sensitive the demand for medical care, the less desirable it is to insure against that risk with health insurance ; a market equilibrium would be a lower quantity demanded and higher price. Because of market intervention, there is a loss to society in “overproduction”
Quality: structure - facilites, training, management; process quality: access-waiting time, data collection, communication with paitent, diagnosis and treatment; outcome quality: impact of care -- pt satisfaction, lost work time, post care mortality/mornbidity
Curve is called Total Product; exhibuts law of diminishing marginal productivity; health increases at a decreasing rate as Medical Care is added; Can even exhibit negative returns: iatrogenic disease (e.g. catch something inpt, wrong medicine, wrong procedure. Note -- “catch up effect” consider poor countries with little access to health care, clean water, etc.
Disease II: start with better health; treatment is more effective Disease I: start with worse health, treatment not as effective, but not worthless
Example: Breast Cancer scrreing
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