Auguste Comte (1798-1857), a founding figure in sociology, argues that societies progress through three stages: theological, metaphysical, and scientific, guided by natural law. His work emphasizes the importance of observation and reason in understanding social phenomena, rejecting causality in favor of lawful succession. Comte advocates for a historical and empirical approach to studying social sciences while recognizing that knowledge evolves through different theoretical states.

1. CUT MITA SARI SAFITRI
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TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
CHAPTER 8
“POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY”
By August Comte

2. Introduction
 Isidore Marie Auguste Francois
Xavier/Auguste comte
 Comte was born to a strongly
Catholic and Monarchist family in
Montpellier, Southwestern France,
on 17 January 1798 , and he died
on 5 September 1857August Comte (1798-
1857)

3. About the author
August Comte (1798-1857),a founder of sociology,
believes societies as well as all other aspects of
our world can be known solely through
observation and reason. Although he rejects the
existence of theoretical entities, he believes all
explanation and prediction are based on lawful
succession not causality, for he thought causality
was not reducible to observation.

4. About the work
In his Course de Philosophies Positive1 ,
Comte explains how societies evolve in
accordance with natural law. The three
stages discussed here, the theological
military, the metaphysical transitional, and
the scientific industrial, he argues,
progress according to a law of social
development. Furthermore, he advocates a
historical method of study for social science
based on empirical methods.

5. The Reading Selection from Cours de
Philosophie Positive
In order to explain properly the true
nature and peculiar character of the
Positive Philosophy, it is indispensable
that we should first take a brief survey of
the progressive growth of the human
mind, viewed as a whole for no idea can
be properly understood apart from its
history.

6. Fundamental Law of Development
This law consists in the fact that each of our
principal conceptions, each branch of our
knowledge, passes in succession through
three different theoretical states: the
Theological or fictitious state, the
Metaphysical or abstract state, and the
Scientific or positive state.

7. The Theological State
In the Theological state, the human mind directs its
researches mainly to- ward the inner nature of
beings, and toward the first and final causes of all
the phenomena which it observesin a word, toward
Absolute knowledge.
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8. The Metaphysical State
In the Metaphysical state, which is in reality only
a simple general medication of the rest state, the
supernatural agents are replaced by abstract
forces, real entities or personated abstractions,
inherent in the different beings of the world.
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9. The Positive State
Finally, in the Positive state, the human mind, recognizing the
impossibility of obtaining absolute truth, gives up the search
after the origin and destination of the universe and a
knowledge of the final causes of phenomena. It only
endeavors now to discover, by a well combined use of
reasoning and observation, the actual laws of phenomena
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