Basic description of safety engineering.

Introduction
Any method or technique or process which can minimize unwanted events (accidents) in an industrial
concern may be referred to as a method, technique or process of industrial safety.
Work place of today in Engineering manufacturing and construction presents situations which are
complexes by dangerous operations and use of hazardous materials
It becomes imperative on the part of engineers and managers to adopt methods and use devices that will
reduce the risks to the physical body and health of the workers
The supervisory functions become very important in seeing that the workers follow the rules for safety,
use protective devices and that the protective equipment are available at proper places.
The engineers have to design devices and processes that will involve less risky methods, machines and
avoid use of hazardous materials.
The management will have to spell out safety policy, generate consciousness towards safety and
protection and generally oversee that engineering functions involve workers in training for safety.
The cost effectiveness of all protective methods and
equipment will always be kept in mind.

Introduction
Safety engineering is an engineering discipline that assures that engineered systems provide
acceptable levels of safety.
It is strongly related to systems engineering, industrial engineering and the subset system
safety engineering.
Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed, even when components fail.
Safety engineering is a field of engineering that deals with accident prevention, risk of human
error reduction and safety provided by the engineered systems and designs.
It is associated with industrial engineering and system engineering and applied to manufacturing,
public works and product designs to make safety an integral part of operations.
The term safety refers to a condition of being safe or protected.
Safety in the context of occupational health and safety means a state of been protected against
physical, psychological occupational, mechanical failure, damage, accident, death, injury, or such
highly undesirable events.
Safety can therefore be defined as the protection of people from physical injury. Health and safety are used
together to indicate concern for the physical and mental well being of the individual at work.

Hazard & Operability Analysis
(HAZOP)
Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic technique for system examination and risk
management. In particular, HAZOP is often used as a technique for identifying potential hazards in a system and
identifying operability problems likely to lead to nonconforming products. HAZOP is based on a theory that
assumes risk events are caused by deviations from design or operating intentions. Identification of such deviations is
facilitated by using sets of “guide words” as a systematic list of deviation perspectives. This approach is a unique
feature of the HAZOP methodology that helps stimulate the imagination of team members when exploring potential
deviations.
Definitions When describing the HAZOP methodology, the following definitions are useful:
Hazard - Potential source of harm. Deviations from design or operational intent may constitute or produce a
hazard. Hazards are the focus of HAZOP studies, and it should be noted that a single hazard could potentially lead to
multiple forms of harm.
Harm - Physical injury or damage to the health of people or damage to property or the environment. Harm is the
consequence of a hazard occurring and may take many forms: patient or user safety, employee safety, business risks,
regulatory risks, environmental risks, etc.

(HAZOP)
Risk - Combination of probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm. In a strict sense, “risk” is not
always explicitly identified in HAZOP studies since the core methodology does not require identification (also
referred to as rating) of the probability or severity of harm. However, risk assessment teams may choose to rate these
factors in order to further quantify and prioritize risks if needed.
Usage
HAZOP is best suited for assessing hazards in facilities, equipment, and processes and is capable of assessing systems
from multiple perspectives:
Design
❖ Assessing system design capability to meet user specifications and safety standards
❖ Identifying weaknesses in systems
Physical and operational environments
❖ Assessing environment to ensure system is appropriately situated, supported, serviced, contained, etc.
Operational and procedural controls
❖ Assessing engineered controls (ex: automation), sequences of operations, procedural controls (ex: human
interactions) etc.
❖ Assessing different operational modes – start-up, standby, normal operation, steady & unsteady states, normal
shutdown, emergency shutdown, etc.

(HAZOP)
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
✔ Helpful when confronting hazards that are difficult to
quantify
✔ No means to assess hazards involving interactions
between different parts of a system or process
✔ Built-in brainstorming methodology ✔ No risk ranking or prioritization capability
✔ Systematic & comprehensive methodology ✔ No means to assess effectiveness of existing or
proposed controls (safeguards)
✔ More simple and intuitive than other commonly used
risk management tools

(HAZOP) Methodology
Preparation
Examination
Documentation
Define scope and objectives
•Define responsibilities
•Select Team
Plan the study
•Collect data
•Agree style of recording
•Estimate the time
•Arrange a schedule
Divide the system into parts
Select a part and define design intent
•Identify deviation by using guide words on each element
•Identify consequences and cause
Identify whether a significant problem exists
•Identify protection, detection, and indicating
mechanisms
•Identify possible remedial/mitigating measures
(optional)
•Agree actions
D P
E
D
Definitions
•Record the examination
•Sign off the documentation
•Produce the report of the study
•Follow up that actions are implemented
•Re-study any parts of system if necessary
•Produce final output report

Fundamental of
Industrial Safety
• A practical goal of industrial safety is to lighten the environmental impact on the
manufacturing unit and each person and the role of the industrial safety professionals
is to find leverage or opportunities for considerable improvement using practical
effort. The objectives of industrial safety systems are as follows:
Industrial safety is needed to check all the possible chances of accidents for preventing
loss of life and permanent disability of any industrial employee, any damage to
machine and material.
• It is needed to eliminate accidents causing work stoppage and production loss.
• It is needed to reduce workman’s compensation, insurance rate, and all the cost of
accidents.
• It is needed to achieve better morale among industrial employees.
• It is needed to increase production means to a higher standard of living.
• It is needed to prevent accidents in the industry by reducing any hazards.

Accidents
Introduction
• Accidents are mishappenings which result in loss of life and property. Accident can be reduced but can not be
eliminated.
• Different job situations have different accident rates.
Industrial Accidents
• Accidents occurring in the industries are called industrial accidents. These are generally due to faulty equipment and
machinery or negligence on the pat of the workers.
• Proper precautions can reduce the accidents. There are always some causes for occurring of accidents.
• All industrial operations increase the chance of accident..
• Proper training and knowledge should be given about the dangers of accidents.
• Accidents also occurs in industries due to faults of the workers.

Accidents
Definition of Accidents
❖ An accident is an unplanned & uncontrolled event which causes or is likely to cause
an injury”.
❖ An event of mishappening that occurs unexpectedly is called accident
Characteristics of Accidents
1. Accident are unfortunate sudden happening about which nothing know in advance.
2. Life and property are effected by accidents
3. Due to accident work is stopped for a certain length of time.

Accidents
2.Acoording to
cause of events
3.According to
nature of events
5. According to
nature of injury
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Classification of accidents
1) According to
length of recovery
from injury
4.According to
damage caused

Types of Accidents
1. According to length of recovery from injury
a) First Aid Cases
b) Home Case accidents
c) Lost time accidents
a) First Aid Cases:
✔ The injuries due to minor accidents are not serious.
✔ The workers are given first aid at the factory hospital.
✔ After getting the medical treatment at factory hospital, the worker can again start the work
✔ In this accidents no time is lost except when the worker is receiving first aid treatment.
✔ No compensation is to be paid to injured worker

Types of Accidents
a) First Aid Cases
b) Home Case Accidents
✔ The injuried worker is given preliminary treatment at the factory hospital and is allowed to go home.
✔ The worker may not attend his duties for a maximum of 3 days.
✔ The worker recovers in this period and is ready to resume his duties.
✔ So the woker losses the day, shift or turn of work in which the accident has taken place.

Types of Accidents
a) First Aid Cases
c) Lost Time Accidents
✔ For these accidents the factory has to compensation.
✔ The worker has to leave the work on account of accident for more days, I addition to the day, shift or turn in
which the mishappening has taken place.
✔ The worker is generally to the hospital. In this case temporary or permanent type of disablement may result.
✔ The accident may lead to enquiry and investigation if difference of opinion is found regarding the cause of
the accident

Types of Accidents
2. According to cause of events
a) Machine Accident
b) Non-machine Accident
a) Machine Accident
✔ Catching of finger, arms, clothing etc. in machine
✔ Catching of tools, guides etc.in machine
✔ Catching of flying objects or particles
b) Non-machine Accident
These are common but generally less serious type accidents. Some example are given below:
✔ Falling objects
✔ Objects on floor
✔ Pushes, bumps etc. by other persons, objects

Types of Accidents
3. According to Nature of Events
a) Traffic accident
b) Passenger accident
a) Traffic Accident
Collisions with pedestrians
Collisions with cars or buses
Collision with other vehicle
b) Passenger Accident
✔ Boarding moving car or bus
✔ Caught or struck by doors
✔ Trips, slips, stumbles, falls etc.

Types of Accidents
4. According to Damage Caused
This classification is based on damage caused. Damage can be that of property, material or building. Some
examples are given below
✔ Damage to the store material
✔ Partial or complete loss of container or contents
✔ Damage to hand trucks.
✔ Damage to trolleys
✔ Damage to belt conveyors, cranes or machine

Types of Accidents
5. According to Nature of Injury
a) Fatal accidents
b) Permanent accidents
c) Temporary accidents
d) Fatal accidents
❑ In such an accident, one or more persons are killed

Types of Accidents
a) Fatal accidents
❑ Due to accident the worker losses earning capacity.
❑ The worker is not capable of earning that much money which he was capable to earn before accident.
❑ Compensation is to be paid to the injured worker and the amount depends upon the disablement. For
example the worker may cut his finger, arm or hand etc.
❑ There are two types;
❖ Total disablement
❖ Partial disablement

Types of Accidents
a) Fatal accidents
❑ These accidents are less serious than of the previous category.
❑ The worker is unfit temporarily and he loses his earning capacity for a short time.
❑ Compensation is to be paid according to the workmen’s compensation act.
❑ Fracture of an arm is an example of temporary disablement.

Types of Accidents
6. According on construction work
Some examples are given below
❑ Falling of person
❑ Slipping results inner strain of the body
❑ Accidents because of flying objects
❑ Accident due to traffic
❑ Burning and fire accidents
❑ Electric shocks
❑ explosions

Category of Accident
❑ There are three category of accident
2. MINOR ACCIDENTS
3. REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS
4. ACCIDENTS DUE TO DANGERIOUS OCCURANCE
Minor Accidents
• It includes all those accidents that are
• Less harmful in nature to the worker
• Preventing employees from working for the period less than 48 hours from the time of accidents.
• These accidents are not reported to the higher management.
• These accidents are easily control.

2. MINOR ACCIDENTS
Reportable Accidents
It includes the category of accidents which is little complicated then of minor accidents.
Here the injuries caused to the worker prevent him from working for the period of 48 hours or more.
Here supervisor is responsible to report to the higher management and arrange another worker so that the
production could not be affected.

2. MINOR ACCIDENTS
Accidents due to Dangerous Occurance
These occurs due to Bursting of vessel for containing steam under pressure greater then atmospheric pressure.
Failure of crank or other appliances.
Explosion of fire causing damage to any room or place where person are employed.
Explosion of container used for storage of any gas or liquid at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.

Causes Accidents
• As we know that an accidents is an unplanned activity and hence an accidents
don’t have any specific cause to occur , the causes of accident vary from
situation to situation.
• In general sense an accident may be cause due to ……….
❑ Technical cause
❑ Human cause

Causes Accidents
❑ Technical cause
❑ Human cause
Machinery
Tools & Machine
Dress
Working conditions
• Unguarded and unfenced
moving machine parts
• Space between the
machine is less
• Improper plant layout
• Unlubricated moving
parts get heated
• Dull or Damage tool
• Tools without handle
• Very sharp edge tool
• Breakable material
• Inflammable and hot
material
• Poisonous and toxic
material
• Loose or Improper
dress
• Slippery foot wear
• Not wearing personal
protective equipment
e.g. goggles, gloves,
screen, required
during welding
• Lighting is not proper
• Improper ventilation for
theexit of dust and gases.
• Slippery floors and stairs cases
• Working hours are too long
resulting in tiredness
• Bad discipline
• Defective buildings and
projected objects

Causes Accidents
❑ Technical cause
❑ Human cause
Human causes
❑ Weak eyesight
❑ Poor listening power
❑ Weak health
❑ Older employees
❑ Fatness, high blood pressure,
❑ Fatigue & exertion of work
❑ Any part of the body may be defective

Accident Investigation
• Investigation can be done according to the category of accidents and
therefore the procedure for investigation is vary from situation to situation.
• There are three types of procedure for investigating the accidents.
• Procedure for investigating Minor Accidents.
• Procedure for investigating Reportable Accidents.
• Procedure for investigating Fatal & Poissons Accidents.

• The procedure for investing such types of accidents is that as soon as accidents occur first aid shall be given to
the injured. These accidents are not reported to the higher management and they are easily controlled by
foreman and supervisor.
• In this type of accidents head of the department choose a senior person for inquiry after receiving
report of supervisor. Also it is duty of supervisor to report to the higher management to temporary
arrange another worker so that the production could not affected.
• Procedure for investigating Fatal & Poissons Accidents

• Procedure for investigating Fatal & Poissons Accidents
• In case of fatal accidents the following officers shall be intimated through message
SAFETY OFFICER WORKERS MANGER
LABOUR OFFICER OF
FACTORY

• Procedure for investigating Fatal & Poisson Accidents
• LABOUR OFFICER OF FACTORY
• The officer on receiving intimation shall immediately informed the following authorized persons
INSPECTOR OF FACTORY NEAREST POLICE STATION WORKERS FAMILY

Job Safety Analysis
What Is Job
Safety
Analysis?
A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a qualitative analysis of a job
procedure or practice to:
Identify hazards and potential accidents that may occur during the
execution of the job
Determine appropriate equipment and controls to reduce the risk
Some JSA’s also include a description of the potential consequences
and/or a risk ranking of the identified hazards and potential accidents.

Job Safety Analysis
What Is Job
Safety
Analysis?
The JSA is also known under other names, like
• Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
• Safe Job Analysis (SJA)
• Task Hazard Analysis (THA)
Most of the approaches are very similar.

Job Safety Analysis
What can
JSA be
used for?
JSA is applied to jobs where:
• Accidents or near-accidents have occurred.
• One or more of those involved in the job are not familiar with all
hazards and/or how to protect against these hazards.
• A new team of workers are working together.
• Safe execution of the work requires close cooperation and
coordination between several people.
• New equipment or new processes are being introduced.

Job Safety Analysis
Purpose of
JSA
The purpose of a JSA is to identify and evaluate hazards that:
May have been overlooked during the design of the job procedures,
machinery, equipment, etc.
Are caused by changes in work procedures or personnel May have
developed after the initial job was carried out
The main objective of the JSA is to find a safe way of performing a
specified function (the job or an alternative job).

Job Safety Analysis
JSA
Execution
• The JSA is carried out by team of people, comprising workers
who are actually doing, or will do the job, supervisors, safety
staff, and various experts (if required).
• The main analysis is carried out in one, or more meetings. The
results are recorded on a specific JSA worksheet (or in a
computer program).

Job Safety Analysis
JSA
Procedure
JSA Main
Steps
A JSA will normally comprise the following steps:
1. JSA prerequisites
2. Break down the job into discrete steps
3. Identify hazards, unsafe conditions, and unsafe work practices
associated with each step
4. Identify possible consequences associated with each step
5. Evaluate hazards
6. Determine the equipment and controls required to control each
of the hazards identified
7. Summarize and follow up the findings
Steps 4 and 5 may not be covered in all JSA’s.

Job Safety Analysis
JSA Prerequisites
1. Establish JSA team
2. Select, define, and delimit the job to be analyzed
3. Collect necessary background information
4. Select a suitable JSA worksheet

Job Safety Analysis
JSA
Team
1. A team leader (facilitator) with competence and experience in the
method to be used.
2. A secretary who will record the findings (this function may
sometimes be carried out by the team leader).
3. Team members (2-10 persons) who can provide necessary
knowledge and experience of the job being analyzed, and of the
associated equipment and processes.
A typical JSA team may consist of:

Job Safety Analysis
JSA
Team
1. A team leader (facilitator) with competence and experience in the
method to be used.
2. A secretary who will record the findings (this function may
sometimes be carried out by the team leader).
3. Team members (2-10 persons) who can provide necessary
knowledge and experience of the job being analyzed, and of the
associated equipment and processes.
4. The team should include at least a two workers who are familiar
with the job. The workers understand the activities and tasks they
perform and are can assist in identifying potential hazards, and in
identifying control measures to minimize or eliminate hazards.

Job Safety Analysis
JSA
Team
5. The team members should know the work tasks before attending
the JSA meeting(s)
6. It is important to make sure that the team members are available
and that enough time has been allocated to the JSA meeting(s)
7. Personnel with special expertise required to understand the work
tasks and the hazards should be invited to attend the JSA meeting(s)

Job Safety Analysis
Selecting
the Job
Jobs with the worst accident history have priority and should be analyzed first!
• Accident frequency. A job that has repeatedly caused accidents is a
candidate for an immediate JSA.
• Accident severity. Every job that has produced a lost time injury (LTI)
or required medical treatment should be analyzed.
• Accident potential. Every job with a potential for a severe accident
should be analyzed (e.g., jobs involving lifting of heavy equipment).
• New jobs, non-routine jobs, or job changes. These are also prime
candidates for JSA.
• Routine jobs. Routine jobs with inherent hazards that the worker is
exposed to.

Job Safety Analysis
Job Description
The following information about the job (i.e., the analysis object) should be provided:
• A summary description of the job and the purpose of the job. A
preliminary job review (e.g., observation of the job and the location
made by the team leader). The review report may preferably be
supplemented by photos and video.
• A listing of required training for access to the work location, to
operate equipment/vehicles, to work at heights, etc.
• A listing of required/recommended personal protective equipment
against hazards when performing the job in the specified location.

Job Safety Analysis
Hazard
Identification
During the hazard identification, the JSA team should ask questions like:
• What can go wrong?
• What are the consequences? How
can it happen?
• May there be other contributing factors? How
likely is it that the hazard will occur?
• What safety measures, if any, are currently in place?
When safety measures are identified, the JSA team should check and
make sure that the measures are (in fact) implemented and that they are
understood by all involved in the job.

Job Safety Analysis
Benefits
of JSA
• Identifies actual and potential hazards related to a job, and helps
determine how these should be managed
• Giving individuals training in safe and efficient job protection
Preparing for planned safety observations
• Intrusting new worker on the job
• Giving pre-job instructions on irregular jobs Reviewing
job procedures after accident occurs
• Studying jobs for possible improvements in job methods
Identifying what safeguards need to be in place Supervisors learn
about jobs they supervise
• Increases worker involvement in the safety process
Worker participation in workplace safety
• Positive attitudes about safety

SAFETY TRAINING
In every case of work connected injury there must be some degree of hazard and unsafe or
otherwise faulty behavior. Therefore, in every plant, small or big, a definite planned safety
programme is necessary for reducing the hazards to minimum and for developing safe and
adequate behavior for every employee.
Specific Objectives of safety programme.
1) To prevent accidents in the plant by reducing the hazard to minimum
2) To eliminate accident caused work stoppage and lost production.
3) To Achieve lower workmen’s compensation insurance rates and reduce all other
direct and indirect costs of accident.
4) To prevent loss of life, permanent disability and the loss of income of worker by
eliminating causes of accidents.
5) To elevate employee morale by promoting safe work place, and good working
conditions.
6) To contribute to better community relations.

SAFETY TRAINING
A safety training includes mainly four E’s
1) Engineering – i.e. safety at the design and equipment installation stage.
2) Education of the employee in safe practice
3) Enlistment – it concerns the attitude of employee and management towards the
training and its purpose.
4) Enforcement – i.e. to enforce adherence to safety rules and practices.

SAFETY TRAINING
Activities should be carried out in training
1. Working conditions can be improved and standrazation thus promoting safety.
2. Periodical surveys of plant, equipment, operations and employees practices are carried out to
determine actual unsafe practices and conditions
3. Mechanical safe guard, safety clothing, shoes, goggles, and a like may be provided as a part of
safety training.
4. The process must be made safe as it is efficient
5. Application of remedial measure to prevent the occurrence of accident
6. Direction and supervision of safety activities.
7. Selection training and placement of employee for safe and efficient production and to keep
workers safety minded on and off job.
8. Provision od adequate first aid and medical facilities.

Onsite – Offsite Emergency Plan
What is Emergency?
A major emergency can be defined as an accident/incident that has potential to cause serious injuries or
loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property, serious disruption both in production and
working of factory and may adversely effect the environment. The following factors may cause major
emergency:-
1. Plant failure.
2. Human error.
3. Vehicle crash.
4. Sabotage.
5. Earthquake.
6. Natural Calamities.
7. Fire

On-site Emergency
If an accident/incident takes place in a factory, its effects are confined to the factory premises, involving
only the personss working in the factory and the property inside the factory it is called as On-site
Emergency
Off-site Emergency
If the accident is such that its affects inside the factory are uncontrollable and it may spread outside the
factory premises, it is called as Off-site Emergency.
Why Emergency Plan?
The main objectives of an emergency plan are:- a. to control and contain the incident/accident and if
possible, eliminate it; and b. to minimize the effects of the incident on persons, property and
environment.

On-site Emergency
Preparation of On-site Emergency Plan by the occupier is mandatory. The occupier shall ensure a mock
drill of the on site emergency plan is conducted at least one in every six months. A detailed report of the
mock drill conducted under rule shall be made immediately available to the Inspector and Chief
Inspector.
Main elements of On-site Emergency plans
Leadership and Administration.
Role and Responsibilities of Key Personnel.
Emergency action.
Light and Power. o Source of energy control.
Protective and rescue equipment.
Communication

Main elements of On-site Emergency plans
Medical care.
Mutual Aid.
Public relation.
Protection of vital records.
Training.
Periodical revision of plan.

Emergency Action Plan for On-Site Emergency Plan
The Action Plan should consist of the following:-
1. Designated Emergency Control Centre/Room.
2. Key Personnel.
This is the main center from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and co-ordinated.
Facilities to be made available in the emergency control are:-
i. Internal and external communication.
ii. Computer and other essential records.
iii. Daily attendance of workmen employed in factory.
iv. Storage of hazardous material records and manufacturing records.
v. Pollution records.
vi. Walky-talky.

Designated Emergency Control Centre/Room.
vii. Plan of the plant showing:-
• Storage area of hazardous materials.
• Storage of safety equipments.
• Fire fighting system and additional source of water.
• Site entrance, roadway and emergency exist.
• Assembly points.
• Truck parking area.
• Surrounding location.
viii. Note Book, Pad and Pencil.
ix. List of Key Personnel with addresses, telephone number etc.

1. Designated Emergency Control Centre/Room.
2. Key Personnel.
A safe place far away from the plant should be pre determined as assembly point where in case of
emergency personnel evacuated from the affected areas are to be assembled. The plant workers, contract
workers and visitors should assemble in assembly point in case of emergency and the time office clerk
should take their attendance so as to assess the missing persons during emergency

On-site Emergency Plan should contain
1. Site plan and topographic plan.
2. Plan showing the fire fighting facilities.
3. Plan showing hazardous material storage area.
4. Material safety data sheets for hazardous chemicals.
5. Facilities available in main control center.
6. List of emergency equipment.
7. List of Safety Equipment.
8. List of important telephone numbers and addresses.
1. Nearest hospitals and ambulance service center.
2. Nearest fire station.
3. Govt. Officials.
4. Transport provider.
9. Names and address & contact telephone number of Key Personnel.

The Key Personnel for onsite emergency:-
1. Works Main Controller.
2. Works Incident Controller.
3. Other Key Officers
a) Communication Officer.
b) Security and Fire Officer.
c) Telephone Operators.
d) Medical Officer.
e) Personnel/Administrative Officer.
f) Essential work team leaders.

Emergency facilities
The following facilities should be provided in any factory to tackle any emergency at any time.
i. Fire protection and fire fighting facilities.
ii. Emergency lighting and standby power.
iii. Emergency equipment and rescue equipment :-
a. Breathing apparatus with compressed air cylinder.
b. Fire proximity suit.
c. Resuscitator.
d. Water gel Blanket.
e. Low temperature suit.
f. First aid kit.
g. Stretchers.
h. Torches.
i. Ladders.
iv. Safety Equipment:-
a. Respirators. b. Gum boots. c. Safety helmets.
d. Asbestos Rubber hand gloves.
e. Goggles and face shield.

Emergency facilities
The following facilities should be provided in any factory to tackle any emergency at any time.
iv. Safety Equipment:-
a. Respirators.
b. Gum boots.
c. Safety helmets.
d. Asbestos Rubber hand gloves.
e. Goggles and face shield.
f. Toxic gas measuring instruments.
g. Explosive meter.
h. Oxygen measuring instruments.
i. Toxic gas measuring instrument.
j. Wind direction indicator.

On-site Emergency Plan should contain-
1. Site plan and topographic plan.
2. Plan showing the fire fighting facilities.
3. Plan showing hazardous material storage area.
4. Material safety data sheets for hazardous chemicals.
5. Facilities available in main control center.
6. List of emergency equipment.
7. List of Safety Equipment.
8. List of important telephone numbers and addresses.
i. Nearest hospitals and ambulance service center.
ii. Nearest fire station.
iii. Govt. Officials.
iv. Transport provider.
9. Names and address & contact telephone number of Key Personnel.

Off-site Emergency Plan
The main objectives of the off-site emergency plan are:-
i. To save lives and injuries.
ii. To prevent or reduce property losses and
iii. To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.
Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is most essential before preparing any off site emergency plan. Hazardous factories and
their hazard identification, other hazard prone areas, specific risks, transportation risk, storage risks,
pollution risks by air and water pollution, catastrophic risks such as disasters, natural calamities,
earthquake, landslide, storm, high wind, flood, scarcity, heavy rain, lightening, massive infection, heavy
fire, heavy explosion, heavy spill, toxic exposure, environmental deterioration etc., risks from social
disturbances, risks from the past accidents must be considered while carrying out risk assessment for a
particular area(district) from which the off-site emergency plan is to be prepared.

Central Control Committee
As the offsite plan is to be prepared by the Government, a Central Control Committee shall be formed
under the Chairmanship of the District Collector. Other officers from Police, Fire Service, Factory
Inspectorate, Medical Department shall be incorporated as members of the Central Control Committee.
Under the Central Control Committee the following committees shall be constituted under the control of
the District Collector.
i. Incident and Environment Control Committee.
ii. Fire Control Committee.
iii. Traffic control, Law and order, Evacuation and Rehabilititation Committee.
iv. Medical help, Ambulance and Hospital Committee.
v. Welfare, Restoration and Resumption Committee.
vi. Utility and Engineering Services Committee.
vii. Press, Publicity and Public Relations Committee.

The Off-site Emergency Plan shall be prepared by the District Magistrate in consultation with the factory
management and Govt. agencies. The plan contains up-to-date details of outside emergency services and
resources such as Fire Services, Hospitals, Police etc. with telephone number. The district authorities are
to be included in the plan area.
a. Police Department.
b. Revenue Department.
c. Fire Brigade.
d. Medical Department.
e. Municipality.
f. Gram Panchayat.
g. Railway Department.
h. Telephone Department.
i. Factory Department.
j. Electricity Department.
k. Pollution Control Department.
l. Explosive Department.
m. Press and Media.

Risk Communication and Public Awareness
On the basis of risk assessment the risk communication activity should also take place to the
stakeholders – local residents, NGOs, CBOs, PRIs, ULBs etc. Awareness about do’s and don’ts through
leaflets, mass media – radio, television, local cable, and print media etc. should be carried out regularly.
And training and capacity building of local populations should be carried out as per the requirement.
These activities should be done regularly through PPP mode under Corporate Social Responsibility.

Basic description of safety engineering.

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