1. BRAIN INTERFACE MACHINE TO AVOID
ADDICTION.
INTRODUCTION:
About half the people around the world are addicted to one or more addictive substances.
Addiction is one of the chronic disorders that are characterized by the repeated use of substances
or behaviours despite clear evidence of morbidity secondary to such use. It is a combination of
genetic, biological/pharmacological and social factors. Example: Overeating, Having sex,
Gambling, Alcohol drinking, Taking Narcotic Drugs and Certain Mannerisms. A survey of 100
Texas drug treatment programs revealed that 5-10 percent of the clients were addicted mainly to
prescription medications.Purelatrogenic individuals use only the medications prescribed by their
physician and take them exactly as prescribed. Iatrogenic pain avoiders have used on prescribed
medications, but not as prescribed. In this project we are going to design a device that can
entirely avoid addiction. The device Addiction Avoider is based upon the principle of controlling
“Brain waves”The main concept of our project is to control the brain waves when the BETA
waves go below the normal range of frequency.This device consists of an microcontroller which
will generate an sound signal which stimulates the brain waves and bring the person to the
normal condition and this device is capable of eliminating the addiction completely.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
A survey of 100 Texas drug treatment programs revealed that 5-10 percent of the clients
were addicted mainly to prescription medications. Persons addicted to prescription drugs were
primarily female aged 50 or older. A review of more than 200 persons in drug treatment who
were addicted to prescription medications revealed six distinct subgroups. Each subgroup
presents a different clinical picture and has special problems to be addressed in treatment. Pure
iatrogenic individuals use only the medications prescribed by their physician and take them
exactly as prescribed. Iatrogenic pain avoiders have used on prescribed medications, but not as
prescribed. Iatrogenically impaired professionals have easy access to medications and begin to

2. take them without true medical need. Iatrogenic drug-euphoria motivated persons gradually
begin to use the drug not only to treat a medical disorder but also to obtain an enjoyable
intoxicated condition. Those dependent on alcohol as well as prescription medications initially
come to treatment for alcoholism. Street drug manipulators use prescription medications
exclusively to become high. The pure iatrogenic and the iatrogenic pain avoiders do not respond
well to the prevalent treatment models. Matching individuals to treatment requires attention to
both initiating and maintaining functions of the use of prescription medications.
WORK PLAN:
Humans have been using light and sound to achieve altered states of consciousness for
thousands of years. Primitive cultures used flickering fires and rythmic drumming to induce
these altered states. Today, you can choose from a wide variety of electronic brain-wave
machines which use light and/or sound to alter brain-wave activity. Brain-wave activity ranges
from fully awake to deep dreamless sleep. This activity is categorized into five primary groups:
Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma.
deep sleep, lucid dreaming, increased
Delta 0.1 - 3 Hz
immune functions, hypnosis
deep relaxation, meditation, increased
Theta 3 - 8 Hz memory, focus, creativity, lucid dreaming,
hypnagogic state
light relaxation, "super learning", positive
Alpha 8 - 12 Hz
thinking
Low Beta 12 - 15 Hz relaxed focus, improved attentive abilities
Midrange Beta 15 - 18 Hz increase mental ability, focus, alertness, IQ
fully awake, normal state of alertness,
High Beta above 18 Hz
stress and anxiety
associated with information-rich task
Gamma 40 Hz processing and high-level information
processing

3. By using light and sound to induce these brain states we are able to gain greater control and
efficiency of brain usage. Furthermore, improvements in relaxation, memory, creativity, stress
management, sleep disorders, and even ESP(!) can be had by utilizing a brain-wave machine.
Commercial brain-wave machines cost hundreds of dollars, but you can build your own using
only a few dollars worth of components. In this document I will walk you through hardware
construction and software control of an easy to build brain-wave machine.
BRAIN WAVE MACHINE.
a) HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT:
With simplicity being the goal, brain-wave goggles can be constructed from
suitable eyewear, such as safety glasses, and an array of LED's (Light Emitting Diodes).
I'm using the PC's parallel port to control the flashrate of the LED's. Audio stimulation
can be provided by a stereo and headphones or the PC's soundcard. Here by using 8
LED's, one per parallel port data out line. This provides an easy way to control each
individual LED allowing for some variations in pattern and intensity. Each lense on the
goggles will hold four LED's in a diamond pattern. The LED's are powered by the
parallel port and controlled via software.
b) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

4. c) CONSTRUCTION:
 Drill four holes in each lense in a diamond pattern as shown in the diagram to the
right. Make the holes just large enough for the LED's to fit through.
 Glue the LED's into the holes. Be sure there is room between the LED's and your
face when you are wearing the goggles. Actually, the LED's fit tightly in 3/16"
holes and I didn't need to use glue.
 Wire all of the LED's cathode leads together and connect (with a long wire) to a
ground pin on the parallel port connector. Pins 18-25 are all ground so pick any
one of those. Note: the flat side of the LED is the cathode lead.
 Connect the LED's anode leads to the parallel port connector. Follow the circuit
diagram above which outlines which parallel port pin to connect each LED to.
Use long wires, you are going to want to be lying down when you use the
goggles. (If you are using a printer cable you can use a battery and a LED to
figure out which pin each wire is attached to.)
 If your parallel port wires aren't already in a bundle tie them together with wire-
ties so they don't get tangled. You will also want to provide strain-relief by
attaching the wire bundle to the goggles so it doesn't get pulled off.
Fig.LED Positioning in the BRAIN INTERFACE MACHINE.
BRAIN IMAGE GALLERY:

5. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT:
Development of the control software is being carried out primarily in QBasic and C. I've
provided a quick introduction to parallel port programming in BASIC so anyone can experiment
with writing their own code. BASIC is also handy for quickly writing little routines to help test
the hardware you're building. A few complete BASIC applications are provided to get you
started and we've got some reader-submitted C code and a microcontroller implementation too.
And finally, I've provided some links to software you can use to create your own brainwave
audio sessions in order to greatly enhance your Brain-Wave Machine experience.

6. BASIC
The PC parallel port has eight data lines out. These data lines can be turned on and off by
sending a byte to the port where each bit in the byte represents the on or off state of one of the
data lines out. In BASIC you do this with the OUT function. The OUT function accepts two
parameters, port address and a byte in decimal format. The most common addresses for LPT
ports in hex are 378h, 278h, and 3BCh. LPT1 is almost always 378h, or 888 in decimal. The
address parameter can be in hex (i.e. OUT &H378, #) or decimal format (i.e. OUT 888, #). Now
let's take a look at bit patterns...
Bit (or data line out): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Decimal value: 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
Example bit pattern: 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Look at the example bit pattern included in the table above. The byte 0101010101 will turn on all
of the even numbered data lines. To convert this binary byte to a decimal value we just add up
the "on" bits. (2 + 8 + 32 + 128 = 170) So the function call would be OUT 888, 170. So, OUT
888, 0 will turn off all eight data lines (0 = 00000000 in binary) and OUT 888, 255 will turn on
all eight data lines (255 = 11111111 in binary). For example, the following code will flash all of
the LED's fifty times with a short delay in between.
FOR i=1 to 50
OUT 888, 255
FOR x=1 to 500
NEXT x
OUT 888,0
FOR x=1 to 500
NEXT x
NEXT i
REM SAMPLE BRAIN-WAVE MACHINE APPLICATION:
REM CYB0RG/ASM

7. REM www.hackcanada.com
REM 04.08.1999
CLS
REM *** Parallel port address in decimal
Port = 888
OUT Port, 0: REM Turn off the LED's
REM *** Duration of ON state for LED's
REM *** For faster flashrates use a lower value (0.2-0.5)
FlashOn = .4
INPUT "Session duration in minutes: ",SessionTime
INPUT "Cycles/second: ",FlashRate
INPUT "Pattern number (1=solid, 2=flip-flop, 3=chase): ", Pattern
REM Calculate delay for cycles/second (kluge)
FlashDelay = (18.2 - (FlashOn * FlashRate)) / FlashRate
PRINT : PRINT "Press <ESC> to exit at any time."
REM Setup session timer
TimePast = 0
ON TIMER(SessionTime * 60) GOSUB TimeOut
TIMER ON
StartTime = TIMER
REM Begin session
WHILE (TimePast<SessionTime * 60) AND (INKEY$ <> CHR$(27))
TimePast = TIMER - StartTime
SELECT CASE Pattern
CASE 1:
GOSUB FlashSolid
CASE 2:
GOSUB FlashFlipFlop
CASE 3:
GOSUB FlashChase
END SELECT
WEND

8. REM ESC was pressed so skip on out
PRINT : PRINT "Session interrupted before completion."
GOSUB TimeOut
REM ---------- subroutines ----------
FlashSolid:
OUT 888, 255: REM LED's on
SOUND 0, FlashOn: REM delay kluge
OUT 888, 0: REM LED's off
SOUND 0, FlashDelay: REM delay kluge
RETURN
FlashFlipFlop:
REM Flip
OUT 888, 85
SOUND 0, FlashOn
OUT 888, 0
SOUND 0, FlashDelay
REM Flop
OUT 888, 170
SOUND 0, FlashOn
OUT 888, 0
SOUND 0, FlashDelay
RETURN
FlashChase:
OUT 888, 17
SOUND 0, FlashOn
OUT 888, 0
SOUND 0, FlashDelay
OUT 888, 40
SOUND 0, FlashOn
OUT 888, 0
SOUND 0, FlashDelay
OUT 888, 68
SOUND 0, FlashOn
OUT 888, 0
SOUND 0, FlashDelay
OUT 888, 130
SOUND 0, FlashOn
OUT 888, 0

9. SOUND 0, FlashDelay
RETURN
FUTURE PROSPECTS:
Addiction avoider can be used to cure stress or tension on any individual. The concept of
binaural waves can be further researched and used to find a device for communication with deaf
and dumb individuals. It can be further used to study the resonance of brain during brain
diseases.
MERITS:
BRAIN WAVE GOGGLES can be used with or without audio.. However, the effects of
the brain-wave machine are more powerful when used in conjunction with suitable audio.
DEMERITS:
The major drawback of this BRAIN INTERFACE MACHINE the person could not
concentrate on the other works and the person requires an silent environment and he should e
idle which is impossible all the time.
CONCLUSION:
BRAIN INTERFACE MACHINE is the safest and simplest device to use in prevention
of Addiction. It is used for any type of addiction like addiction caused by taking narcotic drugs
or alcohol and simple addictions like overeating, sexual intercourse and mannerisms.