The document provides background information on major developments in science, art, and technology from the 16th to 19th centuries. Some key events mentioned include Galileo publishing works challenging the geocentric view, the founding of Jamestown as the first English colony in North America, Newton publishing works on physics and optics, the American and French Revolutions, the invention of lithography, photography, and the telegraph, and Darwin publishing On the Origin of Species.

1. The Baroque Europe at the Dawn of the Age of Reason

2. baroque |bəˈrōk| Adjective relating to or denoting a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail. In architecture the period is exemplified by the palace of Versailles and by the work of Bernini in Italy. Major composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel; Caravaggio and Rubens are important baroque artists. • highly ornate and extravagant in style : the candles were positively baroque. noun the baroque style. • the baroque period. ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: from French (originally designating a pearl of irregular shape), from Portuguese barroco, Spanish barrueco, or Italian barocco; of unknown ultimate origin.

3. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Pope Innocent X 1650 oil on canvas 19.3” x 16.6” 49.2 x 41.3 cm.

4. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Philip IV of Spain 1644 oil on canvas 51” x 39” 129.9 x 99.4 cm.

5. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Infante Baltasar Carlos on Horseback 1634-35 oil on canvas 82” x 68” 209 x 173 cm.

6. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 The Feast of Bacchus (Los Borrachos) 1629 oil on canvas 65” x 89” 165 x 227 cm.

7. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Don Gaspar de Guzm án, Count-Duke of Olivares 1635-36 oil on canvas 50” x 41” 127 x 104 cm.

8. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 The Surrender of Breda 1634-35 oil on canvas 121” x 144” 307 x 367 cm.

9. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 The Family of Philip IV (Las Meninas) 1656 oil on canvas 125” x 108” 318 x 276 cm.

10. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Philip IV of Spain in Brown and Silver Circa 1632 oil on canvas 77” x 43” 195 x 110 cm.

11. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Infante Baltasar Carlos as a Hunter Circa 1636 oil on canvas 60” x 35” 154 x 90 cm.

12. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Christ on the Cross Circa 1632-32 oil on canvas 97” x 66” 248 x 169 cm.

13. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Juan de Pareja, Vel ázquez’s African Servant 1650 oil on canvas 32” x 24” 82 x 62 cm.

14. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 The Fable of Arachne (The Spinners) 1656-58 oil on canvas 86” x 113” 220 x 289 cm.

15. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Archbishop Fernando de Vald és Circa 1640-45 oil on canvas 25” x 23” 63 x 59 cm.

16. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 Francisco Lezcano 1638-40 oil on canvas 42” x 32” 107 x 83 cm.

17. Diego Rodr íguez de Silva y Velázquez Spanish 1599-1660 The Toilet of Venus 1647-51 oil on canvas 48” x 69” 122 x 177 cm.

19. Over Three Hundred Years after Vel ázquez The Spanish Royal Family Su Majestad el Rey Don Juan Carlos, con el uniforme de Capitán General de los Ejércitos

20. Three Hundred Forty-Eight Years after Vel ázquez The Spanish Royal Family Su Alteza Real el Pr ín cipe de Asturias, Don Felipe de Borb ón y Grecia

21. Three Hundred Forty-Eight Years after Vel ázquez The Spanish Royal Family

22. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Self Portrait as a Young Man oil on panel 25” x 21” 62 x 52 cm.

23. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Self Portrait 1640 oil on canvas 39” x 31” 99 x 80 cm.

24. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Self Portrait at an Easel 1660 oil on canvas 44” x 34” 110 x 86 cm.

25. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Self Portrait 1669 oil on canvas 33” x 27” 83 x 69 cm.

26. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Hendrickje Stoffels in Bed 1640s oil on canvas laid on panel 32” x 36” 81 x 67 cm.

27. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Head of a Laughing Man 1628 oil on copper 6” x 5” 15 x 12 cm.

28. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicholas Tulp 1632 oil on canvas 65” x 86” 162 x 216 cm.

29. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. John Deyman 1656 oil on canvas 40” x 52” 100 x 132 cm.

30. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 The Night Watch 1642 oil on canvas 146” x 175” 387 x 502 cm.

31. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 The Syndics of the Clothworkers Guild 1662 oil on canvas 74” x 109” 185 x 274 cm.

32. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Bathsheba at her Toilet 1654 oil on canvas 56” x 56” 142 x 142 cm.

33. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 Woman Bathing 1654 oil on panel 24” x 18” 61 x 46 cm.

34. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 The Stone Bridge 1638 oil on canvas 11” x 16” 28 x 42 cm.

35. Rembrandt Harmenz van Rijn Dutch 1606-1669 The Slaughter House oil on panel 28” x 20” 72 x 52 cm.

36. Nature and nature’s law lay hid in Night. God said, Let Newton be! And all was light. Alexander Pope

37. Jan Vermeer Dutch 1632-1675 View of Delft 1660-61 oil on canvas 38” x 41” 98 x 117 cm .

38. Jan Vermeer Dutch 1632-1675 The Milkmaid 1658-60 oil on canvas 18” x 16” 45 x 41 cm .

39. Jan Vermeer Dutch 1632-1675 Young Woman with a Water Jug 1664-65 oil on canvas 42” x 32” 107 x 83 cm .

40. Jan Vermeer Dutch 1632-1675 The Girl With a Pearl Earring 1665 oil on canvas 18” x 15” 46 x 40 cm .

41. Jan Vermeer Dutch 1632-1675 The Allegory of Painting 1666-67 oil on canvas 47” x 39” 120 x 100 cm .

42. Jan Vermeer Dutch 1632-1675 The Girl with a Red Hat 1666-67 oil on wood panel 9” x 7” 23 x 18 cm .

43. 1564 Birth of Galileo Galilei and William Shakespeare, death of Michelangelo 1605 Cervantes publishes Don Quixote , Shakespeare writes Macbeth 1607 Founding of Jamestown, Virginia 1610 Galileo Galilei publishes Siderius Nuncio ( The Starry Messenger ) and challenges the Ptolemaic geocentric view 1621 Weekly Newes, first English newspaper 1687 Isaac Newton publishes the Principia 1704 Isaac Newton publishes Opticks 1740 Masanobu, linear perspective in Ukiyo-e prints 1765 Harunobu, multicolor Ukiyo-e prints 1769 James Watt Patents the steam engine 1776 American Revolution 1789 French Revolution 1789 U.S. Constitution 1793 Execution of Louis XVI by France’s revolutionary government, end of the Ancien R é gime 1796 Alois Senefelder invents lithography 1799 Napoleon becomes ruler of France

44. 1800 Lord Stanhope’s cast iron press 1830-32 Hokusai, Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji 1804 Napoleon crowned emperor of France 1822 Joseph Niepce, first photolithographic print 1826 Joseph Niepce, the first photograph from nature 1835 William Fox Talbot, first photographic negative 1839 Daguerre announces his photographic process William Fox Talbot announces his photographic process 1844 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph 1844 William Fox Talbot publishes The Pencil of Nature 1848 Karl Marx publishes the Communist Manifesto 1853 Commodore Perry opens Japan 1859 Charles Darwin publishes the Origin of the Species 1861-65 American Civil War 1870 Franco-Prussian War, first fully industrialized European war makes extensive use of railroads, breech loading rifles, telegraphy, balloon reconnaissance and steel artillery

45. Tea Serving Automaton Japanese 1700s