This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
1) The document studies representations of the algebra of observables where every vector functional can be approximated by finite linear combinations of pure states.
2) It proves that this assumption is equivalent to the algebra being the closure of vectors representing pure states, and establishes that superselection operators coincide with selfadjoint operators adjoining the center of the observable algebra.
3) Properties of coherent subspaces are also established, and it is shown that the spectrum of any superselection operator is discrete.
On The Fundamental Flaws of Qubit Concept for General-Purpose Quantum Computinginventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document provides an overview of analog control systems and Laplace transforms. It introduces key concepts like Laplace transforms, common time domain inputs, transfer functions, and modeling electrical, mechanical and electromechanical systems using block diagrams and mathematical models. Examples are provided to illustrate Laplace transforms, transfer functions, and analyzing system response using poles, zeros and stability analysis.
The document discusses several properties and analysis/control techniques for non-linear systems. Some key points:
- Non-linear systems do not follow superposition and may have multiple equilibria, unlike linear systems which have a single equilibrium. They can also exhibit phenomena like limit cycles, bifurcations, and chaos.
- Techniques for analyzing non-linear systems include describing function methods, phase plane analysis, Lyapunov stability analysis, and singular perturbation methods.
- Control design techniques for non-linear systems include gain scheduling, adaptive control, feedback linearization, and sliding mode control. These aim to treat the system as linear over limited operating ranges or introduce auxiliary feedback to achieve linearization.
A Route to Chaos for the Physical Double Pendulum by Daniel Berkowitz
This document summarizes research examining the route to chaos for the physical double pendulum. The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian are derived for the physical double pendulum system. Poincare sections show that as the parameter epsilon increases, the quasi-periodic tori in phase space collapse into points, indicating periodic motion of the bottom pendulum every n oscillations. Bifurcation diagrams also show splitting corresponding to period n orbits just before the onset of global chaos. The research demonstrates that the physical double pendulum exhibits ordered periodic motion just prior to becoming fully chaotic.
The document discusses the Laplace transform, which takes a function of time and transforms it into a function of complex frequency. This transformation converts differential equations into algebraic equations, simplifying solving problems involving systems. The Laplace transform has many applications in fields like engineering, physics, and astronomy by allowing analysis of linear time-invariant systems through properties like derivatives becoming multiplications in the frequency domain.
The document discusses key concepts in Laplace transforms including:
1) The Laplace transform is defined as an integral transform that transforms a function of time into a function of a complex variable, simplifying analysis of differential equations.
2) Important properties include the Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals, which allow transforming differential equations into algebraic equations.
3) The existence theorem guarantees a unique solution to initial value problems under certain conditions on the function.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
1) The document studies representations of the algebra of observables where every vector functional can be approximated by finite linear combinations of pure states.
2) It proves that this assumption is equivalent to the algebra being the closure of vectors representing pure states, and establishes that superselection operators coincide with selfadjoint operators adjoining the center of the observable algebra.
3) Properties of coherent subspaces are also established, and it is shown that the spectrum of any superselection operator is discrete.
On The Fundamental Flaws of Qubit Concept for General-Purpose Quantum Computinginventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document provides an overview of analog control systems and Laplace transforms. It introduces key concepts like Laplace transforms, common time domain inputs, transfer functions, and modeling electrical, mechanical and electromechanical systems using block diagrams and mathematical models. Examples are provided to illustrate Laplace transforms, transfer functions, and analyzing system response using poles, zeros and stability analysis.
The document discusses several properties and analysis/control techniques for non-linear systems. Some key points:
- Non-linear systems do not follow superposition and may have multiple equilibria, unlike linear systems which have a single equilibrium. They can also exhibit phenomena like limit cycles, bifurcations, and chaos.
- Techniques for analyzing non-linear systems include describing function methods, phase plane analysis, Lyapunov stability analysis, and singular perturbation methods.
- Control design techniques for non-linear systems include gain scheduling, adaptive control, feedback linearization, and sliding mode control. These aim to treat the system as linear over limited operating ranges or introduce auxiliary feedback to achieve linearization.
A Route to Chaos for the Physical Double Pendulum by Daniel Berkowitz
This document summarizes research examining the route to chaos for the physical double pendulum. The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian are derived for the physical double pendulum system. Poincare sections show that as the parameter epsilon increases, the quasi-periodic tori in phase space collapse into points, indicating periodic motion of the bottom pendulum every n oscillations. Bifurcation diagrams also show splitting corresponding to period n orbits just before the onset of global chaos. The research demonstrates that the physical double pendulum exhibits ordered periodic motion just prior to becoming fully chaotic.
The document discusses the Laplace transform, which takes a function of time and transforms it into a function of complex frequency. This transformation converts differential equations into algebraic equations, simplifying solving problems involving systems. The Laplace transform has many applications in fields like engineering, physics, and astronomy by allowing analysis of linear time-invariant systems through properties like derivatives becoming multiplications in the frequency domain.
The document discusses key concepts in Laplace transforms including:
1) The Laplace transform is defined as an integral transform that transforms a function of time into a function of a complex variable, simplifying analysis of differential equations.
2) Important properties include the Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals, which allow transforming differential equations into algebraic equations.
3) The existence theorem guarantees a unique solution to initial value problems under certain conditions on the function.
This document summarizes a numerical simulation of flow between two rotating coaxial frustum cones. The simulation found that the fluid does not flow directly out of the outlet, but flows upward to a certain height, generating a vortex area with large velocity and pressure. This reflux area moves upward as the Reynolds number increases. For small frustum inclinations, the flow becomes unstable with very large velocity and pressure, even at small rotation rates. The study compares the flow properties to Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders.
This document summarizes a numerical simulation of flow between two rotating coaxial frustum cones. The simulation found that the fluid does not flow directly out of the outlet, but flows upward to a certain height, generating a vortex area with large velocity and pressure. This reflux area moves upward as the Reynolds number increases. For small frustum inclinations, the flow becomes unstable with very large velocity and pressure, even at small rotation rates. The study compares the flow properties to Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders.
This document summarizes a numerical simulation of flow between two rotating coaxial frustum cones. The simulation found that the fluid does not flow directly out of the outlet, but flows upward to a certain height, generating a vortex area with large velocity and pressure. This reflux area moves upward as the Reynolds number increases. For small frustum inclinations, the flow becomes unstable with very large velocity and pressure, even at small rotation rates. The study compares the flow properties to Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders.
uses of leflace transformation in the field of civil engineering by Engr mesb...MIsbahUllahEngr
This document discusses using the Laplace transform method to analyze various civil engineering structures. It provides examples of how the Laplace transform has been used to analyze beams, columns, beam-columns, and determine dead load deflections in bridges. The key benefits of the Laplace transform method are that it provides efficient solutions to differential equations governing the behavior of structures without finding the general solution, saving time and labor compared to classical methods.
This document is a research essay presented by Canlin Zhang to the University of Waterloo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Pure Mathematics. The essay introduces some basic concepts in operator theory and their connections to quantum computation and information. It discusses topics such as quantum algorithms, quantum channels, quantum error correction, and noiseless subsystems. The essay is divided into six sections that cover these topics at a high-level introduction.
application of differential equation and multiple integraldivya gupta
This document discusses differential equations and their applications. It begins by defining differential equations as mathematical equations that relate an unknown function to its derivatives. There are two types: ordinary differential equations involving one variable, and partial differential equations involving two or more variables. Applications are given for modeling physical systems involving mass, springs, dampers, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and rigid body dynamics. The document also discusses surface and volume integrals involving vectors, with examples of calculating fluid flow rates and mass of water in a reservoir. Differential equations and multiple integrals find diverse applications in engineering fields.
This document summarizes the topological structure of ternary residue curve maps, which describe the dynamics of ternary distillation processes. It introduces differential equations that model ternary distillation and place a meaningful structure on ternary phase diagrams. By recognizing this structure is subject to the Poincaré-Hopf index theorem, the authors obtained a topological relationship between azeotropes and pure components in ternary mixtures. This relationship provides useful information about ternary mixture distillation behavior and predicts situations where ternary azeotropes cannot occur.
This document discusses the many applications of pi (π) in mathematics and other fields. It is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Pi appears in formulas for areas and volumes of geometric shapes involving circles. It also appears in trigonometric functions, complex analysis, probability, statistics, and physics/engineering equations describing phenomena like pendulums, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics. Pi is an irrational number that goes on forever without repeating, and cannot be calculated exactly.
This document discusses the many applications of pi (π) in mathematics and other fields. It is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Pi appears in formulas for areas and volumes of geometric shapes like circles, spheres, ellipses and cones. It also appears in trigonometric functions, complex analysis, probability, statistics, physics equations for mechanics, electromagnetism, and more. Pi is an irrational number that goes on forever without repeating, and understanding its applications has expanded over time across multiple disciplines.
Exciting field and quadrature-axis armature reaction in a cascade equivalent ...IJECEIAES
Cartesian and cylindrical laminated models are well known in calculations of electric machines. In such models, general solutions of partial differential equations are transformed into four-terminal network equations, and this makes possible to synthesize cascade equivalent circuits of electric machines. In salient-pole machines, solutions of partial differential equations are formed on the base of piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunctions. However, in this case, cascade equivalent circuits cannot be synthesized since it needs many piecewise continuous eigenfunctions in the zone of poles and many smooth functions in the zone of the air gap for ensuring uniqueness of a solution. Meanwhile the author of this paper had offered an approximate method on the base of the single piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunction in the zone of poles and many smooth functions in the zone of the air gap. This method allows transforming a solution of a partial differential equation into four-terminal network equations and synthesizing cascade equivalent circuits of salient-pole machines. In this paper, electromagnetic field of a synchronous salient-pole generator is calculated with a cascade equivalent A-H-circuit. The cell that corresponds to rotor poles is synthesized on the base of a solution of Laplace's equation with the single piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunction.
Stephen Hawking - Properties of expanding universesXps Gtx
This document discusses the Hoyle-Narlikar theory of gravitation, which extends Wheeler-Feynman's action-at-a-distance electrodynamics theory to gravitation. It shows that in an expanding universe, the advanced gravitational fields are infinite while the retarded fields are finite. This poses difficulties for the Hoyle-Narlikar theory since the action principle requires using a symmetric Green's function that is the average of the retarded and advanced solutions. For cosmological models of an infinite or eternally expanding universe, this averaged field will be infinite, violating a key assumption of the theory.
This document provides details on an experiment conducted on Chua's circuit, a chaotic electronic circuit. The document includes:
1) An introduction describing Chua's circuit and the goal of studying its synchronization properties.
2) A literature review covering the history of chaos theory and key discoveries like the Lorenz attractor.
3) A theoretical overview of the differential equations that model Chua's circuit and how it was implemented in MATLAB.
4) Experimental results from building and testing a physical Chua's circuit, including how its behavior changes with adjustments to resistor values.
5) Analysis of controlling and synchronizing the circuit by addressing factors like component tolerances that influence its chaotic behavior.
Generalized Functions, Gelfand Triples and the Imaginary Resolvent TheoremMichael Maroun
This document discusses generalized functions, Gelfand triples, and the imaginary resolvent theorem as they relate to generalized Feynman integrals and quantum field theory. It provides examples of how these concepts allow distributions with singularities to be paired with test functions and convolutions of generalized functions to be defined. It also discusses regularization methods, noting dimensional regularization has shortcomings while changing to dimensionless variables and integrating to a cutoff can provide a finite result.
This document discusses curvelets and ridgelets, which are geometric image representations designed to sparsely represent anisotropic elements like lines and curves. Ridgelets are based on applying a 1D wavelet transform to slices of the Radon transform of an image, representing lines as point singularities. Curvelets have elongated elements at multiple scales and orientations following a parabolic scaling law. Both provide more compact representations of edges than wavelets and have applications in image processing tasks like denoising, detection, and compression. The document outlines definitions and implementations of the continuous and discrete ridgelet and curvelet transforms.
- The Laplace transform is a linear operator that transforms a function of time (f(t)) into a function of complex frequency (F(s)). It was developed from the work of mathematicians like Euler, Lagrange, and Laplace.
- The Laplace transform has many applications in fields like semiconductor mobility, wireless network call completion, vehicle vibration analysis, and modeling electric and magnetic fields. It allows transforming differential equations into algebraic equations that are easier to solve.
- For example, in semiconductors with varying material layers, the Laplace transform can relate the conductivity tensor to the Laplace transforms of electron and hole densities, enabling the determination of key properties like carrier concentration and mobility in each layer.
New folderelec425_2016_hw5.pdfMar 25, 2016 ELEC 425 S.docxcurwenmichaela
The document discusses omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure. It presents the following key points:
1) A one-dimensional photonic crystal, such as a multilayer film, can exhibit complete reflection of light within a frequency range for all incident angles and polarizations, even without a full photonic bandgap.
2) The criterion for omnidirectional reflection is that there exists a frequency range where the projected band structures of the photonic crystal and surrounding medium do not overlap, rather than there being no propagating states within the crystal itself.
3) As an example, a multilayer film with refractive indices of n1 = 1.7 and n2 = 3.4
This document discusses the Laplace transform and its applications. It begins with background on Pierre-Simon Laplace who developed calculus and the Laplace transform. It then defines the Laplace transform mathematically and provides examples of calculating transforms of basic functions. The document outlines several properties of the Laplace transform and discusses applications in various domains including physics, electric circuits, control engineering, signal processing, and more. It concludes by noting some limitations of the Laplace transform.
This document describes the development of a numerical tool to simulate gas flow and heat transfer in a Wankel rotary engine. The tool comprises a 2D/3D grid generator for the engine geometry, an implicit finite element method to handle pressure-velocity coupling, and robust multigrid solvers on distorted meshes. These components are implemented in a new finite element software package called Hi-Flow++, which currently contains a 2D solver for the stationary compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the low-Mach number approximation. The project aims to extend this to nonstationary flows and develop a 3D solver.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
This document summarizes a numerical simulation of flow between two rotating coaxial frustum cones. The simulation found that the fluid does not flow directly out of the outlet, but flows upward to a certain height, generating a vortex area with large velocity and pressure. This reflux area moves upward as the Reynolds number increases. For small frustum inclinations, the flow becomes unstable with very large velocity and pressure, even at small rotation rates. The study compares the flow properties to Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders.
This document summarizes a numerical simulation of flow between two rotating coaxial frustum cones. The simulation found that the fluid does not flow directly out of the outlet, but flows upward to a certain height, generating a vortex area with large velocity and pressure. This reflux area moves upward as the Reynolds number increases. For small frustum inclinations, the flow becomes unstable with very large velocity and pressure, even at small rotation rates. The study compares the flow properties to Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders.
This document summarizes a numerical simulation of flow between two rotating coaxial frustum cones. The simulation found that the fluid does not flow directly out of the outlet, but flows upward to a certain height, generating a vortex area with large velocity and pressure. This reflux area moves upward as the Reynolds number increases. For small frustum inclinations, the flow becomes unstable with very large velocity and pressure, even at small rotation rates. The study compares the flow properties to Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders.
uses of leflace transformation in the field of civil engineering by Engr mesb...MIsbahUllahEngr
This document discusses using the Laplace transform method to analyze various civil engineering structures. It provides examples of how the Laplace transform has been used to analyze beams, columns, beam-columns, and determine dead load deflections in bridges. The key benefits of the Laplace transform method are that it provides efficient solutions to differential equations governing the behavior of structures without finding the general solution, saving time and labor compared to classical methods.
This document is a research essay presented by Canlin Zhang to the University of Waterloo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Pure Mathematics. The essay introduces some basic concepts in operator theory and their connections to quantum computation and information. It discusses topics such as quantum algorithms, quantum channels, quantum error correction, and noiseless subsystems. The essay is divided into six sections that cover these topics at a high-level introduction.
application of differential equation and multiple integraldivya gupta
This document discusses differential equations and their applications. It begins by defining differential equations as mathematical equations that relate an unknown function to its derivatives. There are two types: ordinary differential equations involving one variable, and partial differential equations involving two or more variables. Applications are given for modeling physical systems involving mass, springs, dampers, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and rigid body dynamics. The document also discusses surface and volume integrals involving vectors, with examples of calculating fluid flow rates and mass of water in a reservoir. Differential equations and multiple integrals find diverse applications in engineering fields.
This document summarizes the topological structure of ternary residue curve maps, which describe the dynamics of ternary distillation processes. It introduces differential equations that model ternary distillation and place a meaningful structure on ternary phase diagrams. By recognizing this structure is subject to the Poincaré-Hopf index theorem, the authors obtained a topological relationship between azeotropes and pure components in ternary mixtures. This relationship provides useful information about ternary mixture distillation behavior and predicts situations where ternary azeotropes cannot occur.
This document discusses the many applications of pi (π) in mathematics and other fields. It is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Pi appears in formulas for areas and volumes of geometric shapes involving circles. It also appears in trigonometric functions, complex analysis, probability, statistics, and physics/engineering equations describing phenomena like pendulums, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics. Pi is an irrational number that goes on forever without repeating, and cannot be calculated exactly.
This document discusses the many applications of pi (π) in mathematics and other fields. It is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Pi appears in formulas for areas and volumes of geometric shapes like circles, spheres, ellipses and cones. It also appears in trigonometric functions, complex analysis, probability, statistics, physics equations for mechanics, electromagnetism, and more. Pi is an irrational number that goes on forever without repeating, and understanding its applications has expanded over time across multiple disciplines.
Exciting field and quadrature-axis armature reaction in a cascade equivalent ...IJECEIAES
Cartesian and cylindrical laminated models are well known in calculations of electric machines. In such models, general solutions of partial differential equations are transformed into four-terminal network equations, and this makes possible to synthesize cascade equivalent circuits of electric machines. In salient-pole machines, solutions of partial differential equations are formed on the base of piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunctions. However, in this case, cascade equivalent circuits cannot be synthesized since it needs many piecewise continuous eigenfunctions in the zone of poles and many smooth functions in the zone of the air gap for ensuring uniqueness of a solution. Meanwhile the author of this paper had offered an approximate method on the base of the single piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunction in the zone of poles and many smooth functions in the zone of the air gap. This method allows transforming a solution of a partial differential equation into four-terminal network equations and synthesizing cascade equivalent circuits of salient-pole machines. In this paper, electromagnetic field of a synchronous salient-pole generator is calculated with a cascade equivalent A-H-circuit. The cell that corresponds to rotor poles is synthesized on the base of a solution of Laplace's equation with the single piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunction.
Stephen Hawking - Properties of expanding universesXps Gtx
This document discusses the Hoyle-Narlikar theory of gravitation, which extends Wheeler-Feynman's action-at-a-distance electrodynamics theory to gravitation. It shows that in an expanding universe, the advanced gravitational fields are infinite while the retarded fields are finite. This poses difficulties for the Hoyle-Narlikar theory since the action principle requires using a symmetric Green's function that is the average of the retarded and advanced solutions. For cosmological models of an infinite or eternally expanding universe, this averaged field will be infinite, violating a key assumption of the theory.
This document provides details on an experiment conducted on Chua's circuit, a chaotic electronic circuit. The document includes:
1) An introduction describing Chua's circuit and the goal of studying its synchronization properties.
2) A literature review covering the history of chaos theory and key discoveries like the Lorenz attractor.
3) A theoretical overview of the differential equations that model Chua's circuit and how it was implemented in MATLAB.
4) Experimental results from building and testing a physical Chua's circuit, including how its behavior changes with adjustments to resistor values.
5) Analysis of controlling and synchronizing the circuit by addressing factors like component tolerances that influence its chaotic behavior.
Generalized Functions, Gelfand Triples and the Imaginary Resolvent TheoremMichael Maroun
This document discusses generalized functions, Gelfand triples, and the imaginary resolvent theorem as they relate to generalized Feynman integrals and quantum field theory. It provides examples of how these concepts allow distributions with singularities to be paired with test functions and convolutions of generalized functions to be defined. It also discusses regularization methods, noting dimensional regularization has shortcomings while changing to dimensionless variables and integrating to a cutoff can provide a finite result.
This document discusses curvelets and ridgelets, which are geometric image representations designed to sparsely represent anisotropic elements like lines and curves. Ridgelets are based on applying a 1D wavelet transform to slices of the Radon transform of an image, representing lines as point singularities. Curvelets have elongated elements at multiple scales and orientations following a parabolic scaling law. Both provide more compact representations of edges than wavelets and have applications in image processing tasks like denoising, detection, and compression. The document outlines definitions and implementations of the continuous and discrete ridgelet and curvelet transforms.
- The Laplace transform is a linear operator that transforms a function of time (f(t)) into a function of complex frequency (F(s)). It was developed from the work of mathematicians like Euler, Lagrange, and Laplace.
- The Laplace transform has many applications in fields like semiconductor mobility, wireless network call completion, vehicle vibration analysis, and modeling electric and magnetic fields. It allows transforming differential equations into algebraic equations that are easier to solve.
- For example, in semiconductors with varying material layers, the Laplace transform can relate the conductivity tensor to the Laplace transforms of electron and hole densities, enabling the determination of key properties like carrier concentration and mobility in each layer.
New folderelec425_2016_hw5.pdfMar 25, 2016 ELEC 425 S.docxcurwenmichaela
The document discusses omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure. It presents the following key points:
1) A one-dimensional photonic crystal, such as a multilayer film, can exhibit complete reflection of light within a frequency range for all incident angles and polarizations, even without a full photonic bandgap.
2) The criterion for omnidirectional reflection is that there exists a frequency range where the projected band structures of the photonic crystal and surrounding medium do not overlap, rather than there being no propagating states within the crystal itself.
3) As an example, a multilayer film with refractive indices of n1 = 1.7 and n2 = 3.4
This document discusses the Laplace transform and its applications. It begins with background on Pierre-Simon Laplace who developed calculus and the Laplace transform. It then defines the Laplace transform mathematically and provides examples of calculating transforms of basic functions. The document outlines several properties of the Laplace transform and discusses applications in various domains including physics, electric circuits, control engineering, signal processing, and more. It concludes by noting some limitations of the Laplace transform.
This document describes the development of a numerical tool to simulate gas flow and heat transfer in a Wankel rotary engine. The tool comprises a 2D/3D grid generator for the engine geometry, an implicit finite element method to handle pressure-velocity coupling, and robust multigrid solvers on distorted meshes. These components are implemented in a new finite element software package called Hi-Flow++, which currently contains a 2D solver for the stationary compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the low-Mach number approximation. The project aims to extend this to nonstationary flows and develop a 3D solver.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
1. Tuis report gives a -bhoroug;i and colilplete accomL of tile ~~%tl~ei~wi;ical
problenis involved i n the de-~erminationof %he electroulag~leLicf i e l d cori~ponents
generated by a horizontal e l e c t r i c dipole einbedded i n a conducting half-spa00
whose plane boundary is also horizon-bal. The problenz i s f o r i i a t e d by
introducing the Hertzian vec-Lors o r polarization potentials and enplojring tiie
technique of t r i p l e Fourier trarisfolms i n Cartesian coordinates, i n configura-
tioil space as well as i n transforiii space. Sui-tabie integral representations
are obtained Tor t i e coiilpoaents of ti-e Y-ieptzian vectors.
It i s slLowrl t1ia-L 'chis f oi:iimla-Lion i s fundai,leiltal i n the sense t h a t it
con-tailis 'per sc t a l l other !r~or~,mf oy inla-Lions o i t:ie problem. Tiius, by
suitable 'cransforrations of the variable or variables of integration one
readily obtains the formulations of Sonnuerfeld (1509), Xeyl (1919) ,O t t (19L2),
etc. Further, by correctly specifying the original path of integration in
Soinmerfeldls formulation of the problem and by carefully analyzing the c l a s s
of permissible deformations of tne original path, the whole moot question of
poles and residues is c l a r i f i e d i n a straigiltfoiward inarmel-.
The report also presents -&e conlple-te independent solution of tile static
problem and i t is silown t i n t a l l solutloils f oi- the alte~na-Ling:case coilverge
- ~ i i f o r ~ ~ i l - yt o t h e s t a t i c solu-tioiis as tile frequency i s made t o vanish. Furbher,
the s t a t i c solution is applied t o an extencied source poiii'cing out 'cne way f o r a
sir,ilar ex-bensioii of the a l t e ~ n a t i n gdipolar solutioil.
-,
The Car-Lesian coi11ponents of .tile iier-tziail vec-Lars xici $lie cyliildrical
coii+oi>en-ts of the Zield vectors (E and ~j are gi-ven, f o r both i~~edia,i n %el-ns
of four fwrdctrilen'cal integr.als, t:hici; are exisar~dedi n as>-ii~-Loti~serias by
saddle pain-L .,ie-Lilods, -tt;.o of kliese in-tegrals 'beloi~gkng-to 'i;.;e conciucting
i,;ediui,, zid .gle o.Ll;el- two t o -bile f r e e si~aceabove. It i s sizowi~,i n -t'-,eA re-t-a
i::cr~-Lc2 e~"cl:oi' .t:le 2ou.r iiiCegrals ilientioned, tilere a r e -two d i s t i n c t
. .as;:-i-;~:tc.Licco;iti;iLutiorls arlsli-ig Zr.oj.1 two sac;dle :>oii~'csand t2.e notable feature
of tile i-esults is t h a t one of the saddle points yields a soluLion which is
not-exponentially attenuated i n -t;~ehopizonl;al direction i l l accordance with
known e ~ p e ~ i n ~ e n t a lresul-Ls. Tilu-s, tile possibai-by-of large YarLges of -the f i e l d
i n -the horizoi~talciirec-tioil a-L lie~j-Lhsv ~ h i c : ~ n o t -Loo z;.ect is cleal:l;.
cs.tabl.is:~ed.
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10. The problem origimlly proposed t o us has t o do with the complete deter-
mjnstion of the eleckro~llagneticfield generated by a horiaantal a n t e m embedded
i n a conducting W-sparre, the antenna consisting of an insulatead wlre +am&-
nated by bare electrodes (Fig. 2). We were asked t o determine the near field,
the far field, the current distribution dong the antenna wire and the input
impdame of such a device submerged in a erondueting W - s p w and looated
close t o the horisontal boundary. It soon becram clear t o us that the problen
of determining the input impedance and the eurrent distribution along the w i r e
was i n essenoe tied up wfth the solution of an extremely diffim3.t antenna
problem and we abandoned all efforts to answer these two questions.
There mmafned for us the alternative of considering the current d b -
tribution along the wire as prescribed; and, granting that the Qreents function
f o r an elenentaqy, horizontaZ electria dipole, embedded in the conducting W-
space, had been obtained, %he problem of the extended source with prescribed
current distribution could then be solved by integrating over the SQUI:B~ using
Green's theorem* Thus, it looked t o us that a necessary step towards the
complete solution of t h i s complicated antenna problenr was the determination of
11. the electromagnetic field of a horizontal electric dipole i n a conducting half-
space (Fig* l ) , which is precisely the problem that we have undertaken in a
lengthy investigation covering nearly two years and culminating i n the present
report which covers the most essential details of our calculations*
As is well known, the problem i n question was f i r s t discussed i n a bril-
l i a n t memoir by Arnold ~ommerfeld*i n 1909 and since then a considerable number
or" papers have appeared on various aspects of the problem as studied by several
authorse In attadking this problem we have been led t o examine some of the
p e ~ t i n e n treferences and, thus, this report contains also a comprehensive
review of" such papers. In this Tntroduction we wish to stress those results
of ours which are new or which go beyond the work of all our predecessors,.
In Chapter I1 we undertake the complete formulation of the two-medium
ppoblem f o r a dipolar source by employing the technique of Fourier integral
representations using Cartesian coordinates in both transform and configura-
tion spaces; and, by introducing suitable transformations of the variables of
int-egration we obtain the known formulations of Sommerfeld (1909)~Weyl ( ~ 9 1 9 ) ~
O t t (19h2) ,and others. We examine i n particular the Cartesian components of
the Hertaian vectors or polarization potentials and we exhibit them i n terms
of four fundamental integrals, two of which correspond t o points of observa-
tion in a i r and the other two t o points of observation i n the conducting
medium* Because of the magnitude of the present project t h i s report is con-
cerned mainly with the evaluation of the integrals for points of observation
fn the conducting medium, and we reserve the evaluation of the integrals f o r
points of observation i n a i r to a future publication. None of the results
presented i n Chapter I1 are essentially new, except our complete treatment
* See Bibliography a t the end of t h i s report.
12. 04: the t r i p l e Fourier hkgrai.rep~esentations and our discussion of the regions
of analiticity f o r the transform variqbles which bas an important bearing on the
whole question of poles and residues. In addition, we give a detailed descrip-
tion of the Rfemann surface of four sheets En the A-plane (Somme~feld¶splane of
integrauon) showing how $0 draw bhe branch cuts and indicating clearly how to
determine the nature of the poles of. the .inlegrand, whether real o r virtual, on
the various sheets of the,Riomann supfasee
In Chaptar 111 we .deduce the.eXeotrie and magnetic f i e l d components %n
cylindrical. coordinatesg expres.sing o m resuLts i n terms of the Cartesian ,
csmponenLs of %heHe~%zieanvectors which in ~tmare given 3a temns of the
f~mdamen.talintegrals and their der&vatives as mentioned in the preceding pma-
grapho . Making use o f certain differential. equa.bions which connect the various
fundamenttal, i,nt;egrals among thempelves, we a m able t o exhibi%%hecylixd~f-
e d components of the f i e l d vectors Ln various forms more sui4abJ.ca f o r compce-
tatlonal purposes* For example, the Cartesian components of the H@rtl;fanvector
and %he cylindrioal oompon~ntsof the f i e l d vec%o~sfor points of observation
i n the eonduc-t;%ng medium aan W . b s expressed in tern of a single fmdanten%al
Bntegkal auld lets derivatives, and similarly f o r points of observa%ion $n airo
Chaptier LV eonta,inq the solution of %he two-medium dSpolar problem in
the s t a t i c khi% (w-) 0) 0 We f b d 'that all of our htegm.3. repmsen%a.P;%onr%
converge uniformly Lo the static su%u%%on(as obhEned independently by e b -
mentary- meW s ) f o r ck3 --,0, which a.f'f"ords an Emport.ank palt.%fal check on
OUT t'ormulat;ion of the problem* Thm, we present the independent s o l u t i ~ nf o r
the e1.qct;;si.e fi$d basad on tpe met;hoCE 02 images which in turn U o w s the:
determination of the current dis-f,~ibu.t;ioneverywheree From a knowledge o f
this current distribution we; then determine the comp2e"ee magnetic f i e l d auld
we discover -that the major @on%ribu%fore(%s the magnetic field) comes from
13. the surface layer discontinuity in v x J which exists at the inbrfsce
separating the two media* We believe that the independent solution for the
magnetic field is being presented here f o r the f i r s t time*
In Chapter V we undertake a general discussion of the saddle paint method
of integration which we apply in t h i s report to the asymptotic evaluation of
the fundamental integrals and their derivatives. First, we consider the saddle
point method for a single integral and we disouss the necessary and sufficient
conditions for the application of Watson's lemma* It is clearly pointed out
that the @asymptoticconvergence@of the resulting series irs governed by the
radius of convergence of the p m r series expansion of the integrand about the
origfn i n the complex plane of integration, which is the distance from the
origin t o the nearest singularity. And we discovered that, when the nearest
singularity is a simple pole (or a pole of any order), the naspptotic con-
vergence" of the series could be greatly enhanced by the removal of the pole
from the Fntegrand, a process which was discovered independently by van der
Waerden, but which we feel we have developed i n the simplest possible fashion*
We wish to call attention t o this mhievement, for we f e e l t h a t it constitutes
one of our major original contributions.
In addition, we have developed the saddle point method for a double
integral which arose when we replaced the Hankel function appearing in the
integrand by a suitable integral representation (thus leading to a double
integral), in turn to be treated by the saddle point method of integration*
We believe t h a t it was this extension of the method t o a double integral that
allowed us to determine the asymptotic expansions of the fundamental integral&
and their derivatives to three terms, which had never been attained by any of
the previous authors and which proved absolute* necessw i n order to clearly
delimit the range of applicability of various approximations undertaken later.
14. In Chapter V I we present the e'~~alua.%ionof the fundamental integrals W1
and Vl and their derivatives for points of obsewakirsn in &he eonductfng
medium. As shown i n Chapter 11, each "ty-pieaL integral can be ~esslvedbPbo
the sum of .t;vo integrals, 6 = Xab + % 9 by a suitabbe defozmat%onof %borfg-
inal path of integrationo Enteg3pa.l~ of &he %y-p Ibl,are ma.1.uated asppto$i-
caLLy by the saddle point metihod f o r single fn%egm%ionarid, because they are?
shown Later to be of negligible magnitude Fn cornparbon d t h the contributions
of the integrals of type , we presean$ only the beading tm of the &$pip-
totie expansions for the funidmen.kha3 b%eggr+&Ise & %& other hand, in$egrik
of the type I2 ;and their derivatives w e evduated by the saddle poEn%
method for a double integral employing %he teamque of %he removal o f th
pole from thrs FEltegrd whenever neeesswy. The reason f o r the Mependen%
evaluation of the higher order der~ivat~velsis elear:: ~ynpto$%oseries can
not in gellsral. be differentiated lam by %em%o yield $he asynpto%f~series
of the derivative -m aonffsmed by aotual eompwisom Thw, we fel"dsLl
along that it was no% sufficient %o undertake %he asymp%otbm%bbuation,of
the Carteafan componen%sof the H e r b a h veokps, fromwhiah the field eom-
ponents can be obtaLned by apply-ing dfffemn$fa%spra-tao~a~bu% %ha% %aob-
tain m c u ~ a t eresul%s it was n e c e s s q exmine t b asy-mptof;i~mpranzsion
of each dersivativeo W@ feel, %ha%i n %hisrespect we have agafr gcne beyomi
a l l of our predecessors, f o r in the papera that we *havestuditad $he
authors conbnt themselves w%Gh the asymptotic evd,ua%ionof" the %undmen-P,al
integrdls, which they then proceed t o dUferen%iaLe'a o b ~ ,sometimes %za
emor, the e l e c t r i ~and magne.t;i,e field c?omponen%so
Chapter V I I contains the ~ s s u l t sfor %heeonduc$ing medium and mpm-
sents the o-%ion of the?present reseasah pro3ec-b. F i , ~ s tof &L19 we
under%&$; %his: Chapter to give a alew-@u%and unmbiguow defi,nition 02
15. the various ranges in which it is possible t o obtain much simpler forrmilasthan
the ones presented in Chapter VI. We consider the asymptotic range / -+oo
and we present the Cartesian components of the Hertzian vector and the cylin-
drical components of the electric and magnetic f i e l d vectors in this lMtr
We recognize that this rmge is of no practical value at low frequencies, but
the results given, which are new, are used here t o describe completely the
nature of the electromagnetic f i e l d as P +a, . Next, we take up the range
of parameters f o r which the h o r i ~ o n t a lrange is i n comparison with a
wavelength in air but f o r which, a t the same time, we have the condition that
Sommerfeldts numerical distance is very small i n comparison with unity. This
range is of interest because it applies t o the well-known Sommerfeld - van der
Pol Uattenuationformulas" with which we have compared our asymptotic results
with complete agreement. And, finally, we consider the range o r parameters
which is of practical value in the low frequency case; namely, when the hori-
zontal range is small i n comparison with one wavelength in afr but large in
comparison with one wavelength in the conducting medium. For t h i s important
range of parameters we present again the simpler forms assumed by the eompo-
nents of the Hertzian vector and by the electric and magnetic f i e l d components.
Next, we take up the study of the limiting forms of our results when the
source dipole and the point of observation both lie on the surface separating
the two media. In this manner we are able t o compare directly our results
with those of Sommerfeld and van der Pol. Furthermore, we undertake a
thorough review of the various papers published on Sommerfeld's electro-
magnetic surface wave and by a c r i t i c a l analysis of the errors c d t t e d
by several authors we are able, we trust, t o reinstate the work of Sommrfeld
t o the esteem and respect which it deserves. We p o b t out that- the Zenneck
type surface wave first encountered by Sommerfeld in his 1909 solution of
16. the problem is a legitimate pwG of the solution i n the range of parameters f o r
which it is valid, but that the contribution of this surface wave i s of negli-
gible e t u d e i n a l l cases of practical interest, eag*, the low frequency
case
Next, we discuss the lirnithg form.of our results when we assume that;
the wavelength i n a i r is infinite. This case was treated by Lien and we
examine i n detail Lien's approximation with the conclusion that it consti-
tutes an excellent approximation i n the low frequency case. In fact, we are
able t o justify Lien's approximation, which he failed t o do, and in so doing
we are able t o show the exact nature of the approximation and the magnitude
of the errors incurred.
Finally, we take up a nwnericd example t o illustrate the application
of our formulas i n the low frequency case* Considering realistic data we
obtain approximate expressions f o r the electric and magnetic field compo-
nents which are valid, at a frequency of 900 c.p.s., f o r horizontal ranges
between 50 and 5000 meters. It is shown that the f i e l d vectors vary an; the
inverse cube of the horizontal range and are exponentially attenuated with
the aggregate depth of source and point of observation.