The document discusses the Bandalup Magnesite Project (BMAG) in Western Australia. BMAG contains a significant cryptocrystalline magnesite deposit that can be processed to produce calcined magnesite (CCM). Historical studies estimate over 3 million tonnes of magnesite in situ. BMAG aims to establish a new local source of magnesite and CCM for WA by developing the deposit on a small scale through batch production. Pilot trials are in progress to process existing stockpiles and evaluate producing 30,000 tonnes per year of CCM. The deposit remains open and offers potential to increase resources through exploration of paleochannel targets.
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdfWeldebrhan Tesfaye
i. Introduction
ii. Minerals and ores
iii. Sources of metals
iv. Methods of beneficiation of ores and miners
a. Comminution
Size reduction by crushing and grinding
Minerals, ores and methods of beneficiation
Liberation
Laws of crushing and grinding
Sizing
b. Classification and concentration
c. Classification and concentration
d. Magnetic separation
e. Electro- static separation
f. Flotation
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdfWeldebrhan Tesfaye
i. Introduction
ii. Minerals and ores
iii. Sources of metals
iv. Methods of beneficiation of ores and miners
a. Comminution
Size reduction by crushing and grinding
Minerals, ores and methods of beneficiation
Liberation
Laws of crushing and grinding
Sizing
b. Classification and concentration
c. Classification and concentration
d. Magnetic separation
e. Electro- static separation
f. Flotation
i. Introduction
ii. Pyro-metallurgy
Calcinations
Roasting
Smelting
Slags and fluxes
iii. Hydro- Metallurgy
• Advantages of hydro metallurgy
General methods of extraction
• Leaching operations
iv. Electro-metallurgy
Electrolytic decomposition
Structure of solvent media
Molten(fused) salt electrolytes
Electrolysis of aqueous solutions
Role –energy in metal extraction
Experimental Study on Gypsum as Binding Material and Its Propertiestheijes
Cement is widely noted to be most expensive binding material. The entire construction industry is in search of suitable and effective waste product that would considerably minimize the use of cements and ultimately reduces the construction cost. Gypsum which has the pozzolonic properties is a way forward. The possibility of using Gypsum as a construction material need to be investigated. Two types of Gypsum namely Natural Gypsum (NG) and Flue-Gas Gypsum (FGG) are commonly used in construction industry. A comparative study on effects of concrete properties when Gypsum is partially mixed with Lime and Fly ash is discussed. The compressive strength of concrete will be mainly studied. The study suggests that Gypsum has the potential to be used as replacement for cement, having good compressive strength performance. In Gypsum concrete different types of binding materials are rationally combined to produce a cementations composite that drives benefits other than cement concrete mixture. In this project, Gypsum, Lime and Fly ash will be used in proportions as concrete mixture and then fibers will be added together to form a Gypsum concrete. The present investigation is aimed to study the strength characteristics by casting and testing the specimens for 28 days. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of sample to be investigated individually by varying the percentage of Gypsum (80%, 70%, 60%), Lime (10%, 20%, 30%) and Fly ash (10%, 20%).
Introduction
• Review of thermodynamic principles
• Ellingham diagrams
a. Graphical representation of free energy data with temperature of oxides
b. Calculation of oxygen pressures in equilibrium with a metal and its
oxide at a given temperature
Thermodynamic principles of extraction
c. Use of oxygen scale
d. Use of CO/CO2 scale
e. Use of H2/H2O scale
• Free energies of formation of sulphides
• Thermo-chemical data bank
Calcium carbonate or CaCO3 is one of chemical compound found in the rocks as a mineral calcite and aragonite mostly particularly as a limestone, chalk or a marble.
Graphite is a highly scalable real-time graphing system. As a user, you write an application that collects numeric timeseries data that you are interested in graphing, and send it to Graphite’s processing backend, carbon, which stores the data in Graphite’s specialized database. The data can then be visualized through graphite’s web Interfaces.
i. Introduction
ii. Pyro-metallurgy
Calcinations
Roasting
Smelting
Slags and fluxes
iii. Hydro- Metallurgy
• Advantages of hydro metallurgy
General methods of extraction
• Leaching operations
iv. Electro-metallurgy
Electrolytic decomposition
Structure of solvent media
Molten(fused) salt electrolytes
Electrolysis of aqueous solutions
Role –energy in metal extraction
Experimental Study on Gypsum as Binding Material and Its Propertiestheijes
Cement is widely noted to be most expensive binding material. The entire construction industry is in search of suitable and effective waste product that would considerably minimize the use of cements and ultimately reduces the construction cost. Gypsum which has the pozzolonic properties is a way forward. The possibility of using Gypsum as a construction material need to be investigated. Two types of Gypsum namely Natural Gypsum (NG) and Flue-Gas Gypsum (FGG) are commonly used in construction industry. A comparative study on effects of concrete properties when Gypsum is partially mixed with Lime and Fly ash is discussed. The compressive strength of concrete will be mainly studied. The study suggests that Gypsum has the potential to be used as replacement for cement, having good compressive strength performance. In Gypsum concrete different types of binding materials are rationally combined to produce a cementations composite that drives benefits other than cement concrete mixture. In this project, Gypsum, Lime and Fly ash will be used in proportions as concrete mixture and then fibers will be added together to form a Gypsum concrete. The present investigation is aimed to study the strength characteristics by casting and testing the specimens for 28 days. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of sample to be investigated individually by varying the percentage of Gypsum (80%, 70%, 60%), Lime (10%, 20%, 30%) and Fly ash (10%, 20%).
Introduction
• Review of thermodynamic principles
• Ellingham diagrams
a. Graphical representation of free energy data with temperature of oxides
b. Calculation of oxygen pressures in equilibrium with a metal and its
oxide at a given temperature
Thermodynamic principles of extraction
c. Use of oxygen scale
d. Use of CO/CO2 scale
e. Use of H2/H2O scale
• Free energies of formation of sulphides
• Thermo-chemical data bank
Calcium carbonate or CaCO3 is one of chemical compound found in the rocks as a mineral calcite and aragonite mostly particularly as a limestone, chalk or a marble.
Graphite is a highly scalable real-time graphing system. As a user, you write an application that collects numeric timeseries data that you are interested in graphing, and send it to Graphite’s processing backend, carbon, which stores the data in Graphite’s specialized database. The data can then be visualized through graphite’s web Interfaces.
The presentation describes shortly the project GeoMaterials and the coordinating organisation KAMK. In addition, it provides some examples on geomaterials binder mix development for structural applications.
Keywords: six sigma, DMAIC project, scrap, rework, analysis of variance, ANOVA, design of experiments, DOE, process audit sheets, India, foundries, foundry industry, SMEs, small and medium–sized enterprises, die casting
Investor presentation "Low-cost, High
Margin, Gold Copper & Silver Production in WA" delivered by Mutiny Gold's Managing Director Tony James, at the Gold Investment Symposium, held in Sydney, 8th and 9th October 2014
The Technology
AMRT is a pyro-metallurgical process technology company specializing in processing electric arc furnace dusts, mineral fines and primary ore concentrates. We can also re-process secondary mining products such as slag dumps, slimes dams and process waste
4. BMAG
Western Australia’s Significant Cryptocrystalline Magnesite Deposit
Developing a new local source of Magnesite and CCM for Western Australia
Logistical advantages-access to eastern goldfields and agricultural districts
Decrease the reliance on external monopolistic suppliers
Small scale niche development; batch production proposed
Pilot trials and product development in progress
Scope to increase resource significantly – geophysical channel targets
We are private with low overheads and can adjust output depending on demand
4
5. BMAG
Introduction
BMAG was a historical production centre for beneficiated Magnesite product.
Magnesite is the precursor to CCM.
Project owners have an association with the project dating back to 1961.
Located immediately adjacent FQM Ravensthorpe Nickel Operations (RNO) near
Ravensthorpe.
Metallurgical evaluation has shown the ability to produce CCM that is compatible with
nickel hydrometallurgical applications and agricultural applications.
Historical tonnage and grade estimates based on bulk sampling and drilling suggest
sufficient material to support >10 years @ 30,000tpa CCM production.
Paleochannel targets provide upside for delineation of additional Magnesite
tonnages. Several square kilometres of untested Magnesite channels.
Existing 200,000 tonne fines stockpile and bulk sample stockpiles available for re-
processing to generate kiln feed for CCM – trials are in progress
Granted Mining Leases, ability to leverage off historical feasibility studies and fast
track development.
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6. BMAG
Magnesia pricing
Calcined, 90-92% MgO, lump FOB China $275-320
European calcined, agricultural grade CIF Europe €240-350
Dead-burned, Lump, FOB China 90% MgO $270-290
92% MgO $300-380
94-95% MgO $350-400
97.5% MgO $450-485
Fused, Lump, FOB China 96% MgO $600-630
97% MgO $850-950
98% MgO $980-1050
Magnesite Greek, raw, max 3.5% SiO2 FOB East Mediterranean €65-75
Source: Industrial Minerals, January 2015
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7. BMAG
Mine 100- 200ktpa
Magnesite Ore
Beneficiation
Screen +/- DMS
Calcination
700C
30ktpa CCM for
WA Market
Trial reclamation from stockpiles of crude Magnesite fines at BMAG
Resource confirmation
Update historical engineering & feasibility studies
Recommence open pit mining zero stripping
Mobile plant and equipment, campaign operation
Install small calciner
Batch operation
Reagent supply security
Process overview
7
14. BMAG
Magnesite economic evaluation factors
One tonne of mined Magnesite ore can generate 150kg of CCM.
Typical in-ground crude Magnesite values ~30% MgO
Screening at -6mm removes most of the contaminants
The oversize fraction grades >45% MgO and is highly pure cryptocrystalline Magnesite
Typically, approx. 30% of the ROM feed (crude ore) is sized >6mm which is of a suitable
grade as kiln feed for calcination and production of CCM
The -6mm fines can be further upgraded by HMS to improve overall MgO yield.
Resources can be stated at various screen size cut-offs to show how much kiln feed
(“Recoverable Magnesite”) can be recovered, and the assays of that screened material.
Calcination at 700C reduces the mass by approximately 50% to generate reactive CCM
Beneficiation can be a water intensive process due to sticky, swelling clays
Calcination rule of thumb: 3.1GJ/tonne of kiln feed – THE LARGEST COST ELEMENT
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15. BMAG
Deposit
Tonnes in
situ
+6.35mm
+6.35mm
-50mm
+50mm
-6.35mm
(reject)
1 313,420 90,946 24,995 65,952 222,474
2W 294,887 123,454 49,211 74,243 171,433
2E 219,690 50,904 21,388 29,516 168,786
3 839,864 174,557 63,757 110,800 665,308
4W 310,992 78,998 29,262 49,736 231,994
4E 1,421,287 483,410 167,734 315,676 937,877
Totals 3,400,140 1,002,269 356,347 645,922 2,397,871
plus 6.35mm
-50mm
10%
plus
50mm
19%minus
6.35mm
71%
In-situ Magnesite tonnage estimate
Original estimate by Thomas 1972, adjusted for tonnes mined after
1972. Originally reported as “Inferred and Indicated Reserve”. The
deposit was tested by percussion drilling, bulk sampling and screening
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16. BMAG
“Recoverable” Magnesite tonnage & grade +6.35mm (CCM kiln feed estimate)
Original estimate by Thomas, 1972 classified as “indicated reserves”. A reported 245,000 tonnes crude ore was mined from Deposit
2W and 4E after 1972, which has been subtracted from the estimate. The deposits were extensively tested by bulk sampling and
screening which is an appropriate assessment method for the style of mineralisation. Grade and contaminants are highly dependent
on size fraction. In the table above, the finer -6.35mm fraction is discarded. The fines can be further beneficiated by dense media
separation.
Deposit Tonnes MgO% SiO2% CaO%
1 85,714 45.5 0.98 0.60
2W 98,104 46.5 0.62 1.15
2E 47,297 45.2 1.31 0.53
3 129,495 46.4 0.81 0.88
4W 67,516 45.1 1.87 0.59
4E 474,062 46.1 0.77 0.64
Totals 902,188 46.0 0.89 0.68
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A large area of paleochannels represent excellent targets for additional tonnages
17. BMAG
EM model paleochannel depth – exploration target
Average 28m depth to
base of paleochannels
Good geophysical targets
for additional magnesite
tonnages
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19. BMAG
Proposed processing route – Minproc 1980
Reprocess existing 200,000t
stockpile of fines
Recommence mining, beneficiate to
provide new kiln feed for CCM
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21. BMAG
Stockpile of -50mm fines at BMAG Deposit 2W available for re-processing
Based on historical studies,
approximately 15% of the mass
of this stockpile could be
recoverable as suitable kiln feed
for CCM
Pilot trials are in progress
21
22. BMAG
Calcination – major cost of CCM production
Dead Burned Magnesite (DBM): fire at 1600C = refractory applications
Caustic Calcined Magnesite (CCM): fire at 700C = hydrometallurgical applications
Rule of thumb: 3.1GJ/tonne of kiln feed for calcination (6.2GJ/tonne CCM)
With low overheads and no public shareholders, BMAG can campaign-mine and batch
process according to market conditions
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25. BMAG
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Contact Us
Terry Butler-Blaxell BSc GDipApFin MBA MAUSIMM MAICD FFin
Project Manager, Owner’s Team
Phone +61 41 893 7740
Fax +61 8 9291 5760
Email terrybb@iprimus.com.au
“We do weird minerals and stuff like that.”