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北宋蘇漢臣戲嬰圖
之研究
Uma pesquisa sobre as pinturas de bebê
brincando de Su Hanchen da Dinastia
Song do Norte
講者:李冠良先生(浸會大學當代中
國研究社會科學碩士、香港中文大學
藝術文學碩士研究生)
講座日期:2022年5月6日
講座地點:香港人文學會
朱謀垔《畫史會要》
 進士科時,有宋子房中博士之選,試題為「野水無
人渡,孤舟盡日橫。」自第二人以下,多繋空舟岸
側,或拳鷺於船間,或棲鴉於蓬背。獨魁則不然,
畫一舟人臥於舟尾,璜一孤笛,其意謂「非無舟人,
止無行人耳」,以見舟人之甚閒也。
 又如「亂山藏古寺」。魁則畫荒山滿幅,上出幡竿,
以見「藏」意。餘人乃露塔尖,或鴟吻,往往有見
殿堂者,則無復藏意矣。
 又以「竹鎖橋邊賣酒家」為題,眾皆向酒家着工夫,
惟李唐但於橋頭竹外掛一酒帘,上喜其得「鎖」字
意。
 又試「踏花歸去馬蹄香」,眾皆畫馬、畫花,有一
人但畫數蝴蝶飛逐馬後,上亦喜之。
蘇漢臣簡介
 蘇漢臣(1094—1172),汴京(今河南開封)人,
北宋畫家。北宋徽宗宣和年間(1119—1125)任畫
院待詔,南宋高宗紹興年間(1131—1162)複職,
南宋孝宗隆興初年(1163)任承信郎。
 蘇漢臣曾為北宋宣和畫院待詔,南渡後又複職,隆
興初畫佛像稱旨,任承信郎。師劉宗古,工畫道釋、
人物臻妙,尤善嬰孩,所畫貨郎圖,描畫精細,貨
物繁頤,更為特出。
 蘇漢臣師從畫院待詔劉宗古,所繪人物、士女及佛
道宗教畫,用筆工整細勁,著色鮮潤。尤擅描繪嬰
兒嬉戲之景和貨郎擔,情態生動。傳世作品有《秋
庭戲嬰圖》、《五瑞圖》、《擊樂圖》、《嬰戲圖》
等。
蘇漢臣畫作鑒賞
 《百子戲春
圖》
 不重謝赫六
法「經營位
置」,只重
顧愷之「以
形寫神」
蘇漢臣畫作鑒賞
 《冬日嬰戲圖》
 自然意境上屬「院
體」:山石草木承傳
范寬、郭熙、許道寧
意筆之「鈎斫」及
「渲淡」,但工筆人
物描繪上嚴守顧愷之
「以形寫神」精神
蘇漢臣畫作鑒賞
 《蕉陽撃球
圖》
 《中國繪畫
史圖鑑.上
卷》(浙江
人民美術出
版社):近
似李公麟
《五馬圖》
「淡亳清墨」
之境界
蘇漢臣畫作鑒賞
 《嬰戲圖》
 《中國繪畫史圖鑑.
上卷》(浙江人民美
術出版社):近似李
公麟《五馬圖》「淡
亳清墨」之境界
蘇漢臣畫作鑒賞
 《秋庭嬰戲圖》(台北
故宮博物館藏)
 《華夏之美.繪畫》
(王耀庭 著):『以
蘇漢臣的《秋庭嬰戲圖》
為例,看那小孩的造型,
專注於推棗磨的遊戲,
精細的描寫,即使是今
日的照相機,諒也無法
刻畫出,那一頭烏墨的
頭髮。』
隋代人物畫家
 楊子華《北齊校書圖》、
展子虔《遊春圖》(據史
料記載展子虔畫過佛教畫
《法華經變》,風俗畫
《長安車馬人物圖》,但
均沒有傳世)
唐代人物畫家
 閻立德《古帝
王圖》(局
部)、閻立本
《步輦圖》
(局部)
唐代人物畫家
 陳閎《八公圖》、吳道子《送子天王圖》
唐代人物畫家
 李真《真言七
祖.不空像》、
晚唐佚名《游方
僧與虎》
東晉顧愷之「以形寫神」學說
 張彥遠《歷代名畫記》談顧愷之畫人:
 畫人嘗數年不點目睛
 「四體妍蚩,本無關於妙處,傳神寫照,正在阿堵中。」(例:《女史箴圖》、
《洛神賦圖.第五幕:〈悵歸〉〔夜坐〕》 {見下圖畫作})
 「若鈿飾犀櫛,或水石容泛,或人大於山,率皆附以樹石……」(不合比例)
周積寅《中國畫論》:形神論
 清.沈宗騫《芥舟學畫編》卷三(《傳神.傳神
總論》)
 傳神寫照尤來最古…… 不曰形、曰貌,而曰神者,以
天下人形同者有之,貌類者有之,至於神則有不能相
同矣。作者若但求之形似,則方圓肥瘦,即數十人之
中,且有如似者矣,鳥得謂之傳神?今有一人焉,前
肥而後瘦,前白而後蒼,前無須髭而後多髯,乍見之
或不能相識,即而視之,心恍然曰,此即某某也。蓋
形雖變而神不變也。然所以為神之故,則又不離乎形。
耳目口鼻固是形之大要,至於骨骼起伏高下,皺紋多
寡隱現,一一示謬,則形得而神自來矣。其亦有骨骼
皺紋一一不謬,而神竟不來者,必其用筆有未盡
處,……
總評蘇漢臣
 蘇漢臣擅畫佛道、仕女,尤
精兒童。師法劉宗古、張萱、
周昉、杜霄、周文矩等,其
仕女多畫閨閣中仕女的意態。
作品多嬰戲圖,成功地表現
了兒童形象及其遊戲時天真
活潑的情趣,筆法簡潔勁利,
色彩明麗典雅。
 蘇漢臣是北宋宣和年間的畫
院待詔,以畫兒童題材的作
品見長,他下筆纖細、準確,
善於把握特定環境下兒童的
心理動態,並通過兒童的活
動來反映風土民情。
參考書目
 蔣勳 著:《寫給大家的中國美術
史》,北京:新知三聯書店,
1993年3月初版,2000年6月重印。
 《中國繪畫史圖鑑.上卷》,浙
江:淅江人民美術出版社,2014
年1月1日初版。
 林木 著:《筆墨論》,上海:上
海畫報出版社,2002年8月第1版。
 周積寅 編著:《中國畫論.輯
要》,江蘇:江蘇美術出版社,
2005年7月第一版。
 王耀庭 著:《華夏之美.繪畫》,
台北:幼庭文化事業公司,中華
民國七十四年十一月初版。

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