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PERSAMAAN KIMIAPERSAMAAN KIMIA
Menyetarakan Koefisien ReaksiMenyetarakan Koefisien Reaksi
 NN22 (g)(g) + H+ H22 (g)(g) → NH→ NH33 (g)(g)
Secara langsung :Secara langsung :
NN22 (g)(g) + 3H+ 3H22 (g)(g) → 2NH→ 2NH33 (g)(g)
 AlAl (s)(s) + O+ O22 (g)(g) → Al→ Al22OO33 (s)(s)
Dimisalkan a, b, c, ……Dimisalkan a, b, c, ……
aAlaAl (s)(s) + bO+ bO22 (g)(g) → cAl→ cAl22OO33 (s)(s)
Al :Al : a = 2ca = 2c
O :O : 2b = 3c2b = 3c
2
Misal c = 1, maka :Misal c = 1, maka :
aa = 2c = 2.1 = 2= 2c = 2.1 = 2
2b = 3c = 3.12b = 3c = 3.1
b = 3/2b = 3/2
Didapatkan :Didapatkan :
a = 2a = 2 a = 4a = 4
b = 3/2b = 3/2 x2x2 b = 3b = 3
c = 1c = 1 c = 2c = 2
jadi :jadi :
4Al4Al (s)(s) + 3O+ 3O22 (g)(g) → 2Al→ 2Al22OO33 (s)(s)
3
Menyetarakan Koefisien ReaksiMenyetarakan Koefisien Reaksi
CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + NO+ NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l)
Dengan bantuan oksidasi-reduksi :Dengan bantuan oksidasi-reduksi :
CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + NO+ NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l)
CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + 2NO+ 2NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l)
Yang lain menyesuaikan. Jadi :Yang lain menyesuaikan. Jadi :
CuCu(s)(s) + 4HNO+ 4HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + 2NO+ 2NO2(g)2(g) + 2H+ 2H22OO(l)(l)
00 +5+5 +2+2 +4+4
+2+2 -1-1
x2x2
4
Beberapa macam reaksi :Beberapa macam reaksi :
 Reaksi Kombinasi/Penggabungan :Reaksi Kombinasi/Penggabungan :
4Al4Al (s)(s) + 3O+ 3O22 (g)(g) → 2Al→ 2Al22OO33 (s)(s)
 Reaksi Penguraian :Reaksi Penguraian :
Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22 (s)(s) → CaO→ CaO (s)(s) + 2CO+ 2CO22 (g)(g) + H+ H22OO (l)(l)
 Reaksi Substitusi/Pertukaran :Reaksi Substitusi/Pertukaran :
ZnZn (s)(s) + 2HCl+ 2HCl (aq)(aq) → ZnCl→ ZnCl22 (aq)(aq) + H+ H22 (g)(g)
 Reaksi Netralisasi/Penggaraman :Reaksi Netralisasi/Penggaraman :
AgNOAgNO33 (aq)(aq) + HCl+ HCl (aq)(aq) → AgCl→ AgCl (s)(s) + HNO+ HNO33 (aq)(aq)
HNOHNO33 (aq)(aq) + NaOH+ NaOH (aq)(aq) → NaNO→ NaNO33 (s)(s) + H+ H22OO (l)(l)

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Bab6 persamaan kimia

  • 1. 11 PERSAMAAN KIMIAPERSAMAAN KIMIA Menyetarakan Koefisien ReaksiMenyetarakan Koefisien Reaksi  NN22 (g)(g) + H+ H22 (g)(g) → NH→ NH33 (g)(g) Secara langsung :Secara langsung : NN22 (g)(g) + 3H+ 3H22 (g)(g) → 2NH→ 2NH33 (g)(g)  AlAl (s)(s) + O+ O22 (g)(g) → Al→ Al22OO33 (s)(s) Dimisalkan a, b, c, ……Dimisalkan a, b, c, …… aAlaAl (s)(s) + bO+ bO22 (g)(g) → cAl→ cAl22OO33 (s)(s) Al :Al : a = 2ca = 2c O :O : 2b = 3c2b = 3c
  • 2. 2 Misal c = 1, maka :Misal c = 1, maka : aa = 2c = 2.1 = 2= 2c = 2.1 = 2 2b = 3c = 3.12b = 3c = 3.1 b = 3/2b = 3/2 Didapatkan :Didapatkan : a = 2a = 2 a = 4a = 4 b = 3/2b = 3/2 x2x2 b = 3b = 3 c = 1c = 1 c = 2c = 2 jadi :jadi : 4Al4Al (s)(s) + 3O+ 3O22 (g)(g) → 2Al→ 2Al22OO33 (s)(s)
  • 3. 3 Menyetarakan Koefisien ReaksiMenyetarakan Koefisien Reaksi CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + NO+ NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l) Dengan bantuan oksidasi-reduksi :Dengan bantuan oksidasi-reduksi : CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + NO+ NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l) CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + 2NO+ 2NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l) Yang lain menyesuaikan. Jadi :Yang lain menyesuaikan. Jadi : CuCu(s)(s) + 4HNO+ 4HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + 2NO+ 2NO2(g)2(g) + 2H+ 2H22OO(l)(l) 00 +5+5 +2+2 +4+4 +2+2 -1-1 x2x2
  • 4. 4 Beberapa macam reaksi :Beberapa macam reaksi :  Reaksi Kombinasi/Penggabungan :Reaksi Kombinasi/Penggabungan : 4Al4Al (s)(s) + 3O+ 3O22 (g)(g) → 2Al→ 2Al22OO33 (s)(s)  Reaksi Penguraian :Reaksi Penguraian : Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22 (s)(s) → CaO→ CaO (s)(s) + 2CO+ 2CO22 (g)(g) + H+ H22OO (l)(l)  Reaksi Substitusi/Pertukaran :Reaksi Substitusi/Pertukaran : ZnZn (s)(s) + 2HCl+ 2HCl (aq)(aq) → ZnCl→ ZnCl22 (aq)(aq) + H+ H22 (g)(g)  Reaksi Netralisasi/Penggaraman :Reaksi Netralisasi/Penggaraman : AgNOAgNO33 (aq)(aq) + HCl+ HCl (aq)(aq) → AgCl→ AgCl (s)(s) + HNO+ HNO33 (aq)(aq) HNOHNO33 (aq)(aq) + NaOH+ NaOH (aq)(aq) → NaNO→ NaNO33 (s)(s) + H+ H22OO (l)(l)