The document provides a detailed classification of various dosage forms used in pharmacy, including tablets, capsules, pastilles, and more. Each category is accompanied by descriptions of preparations, methods of administration, and examples of specific dosage forms. The classifications encompass a range of applications from oral to topical preparations, highlighting their unique characteristics and intended uses.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF DOSAGE
FORMS
N. JAYARAMAKANI
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
BHARATH INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

2. 1.TABLETS
1. To be administered orally
2. Prepared by moulding or compression method
3. Swallowed or chewed
4. Dissolved or dispersed in water
5. Retained in the mouth.

3. 2. CAPSULES
1. Hard Gelatin Capsuls
i. Body and Cap
ii. Solid Medicaments and Liquid
iii. Gelatin, Water plasticizer and
preservativess
2. Soft Gelatin Capsule
i. Solids, liquids and semi solids
ii. Large plasticizers and soft

4. 3. PASTILLES
1. To dissolve slowly in the mouth
2. Softer
3. Glycerol and gelatin containing the
medicament in solution or suspension
4. Acacia and sugars – Hard Pastilles
Eg. Squill Pastilles and
Eucalyptus Pastilles

5. 4. PESSARIES
1. Meant for introduction into the Vagina
2. Melt or dissolve and give local action
3. Moulding or Compression
4. Moulding - Cone shaped
5. Compression - Different shapes and sizes
Eg. Pessaries of Clotimazole, Nystain

6. 5. PILLS
1. Small, round containing one or
more active ingredients
2. Replaced by Tablets and capsules
3. In Ayurvedic
Eg. Phenolphthalein pills,
Hexylresorcinol pills

7. 6. PAINTS
1. Solutions or dispersions of one or more active ingredients
2. Intended for application to the skin or
mucosa of mouth and throat
3. Applied with soft brush
4. Skinpaints have volatile solvents
5. Throat paints more viscous
containing glycerine
Eg. Compound paint of Iodine, Crystal violet paint

8. 7. LINCTUSES
1. Viscous, sweet, liquid oral preparation
meant for cold
2. High amount of syrup and sometimes
glycerine to add sweet taste
3. Demulcent action on the mucous membranes
4. Slowly sipped and swallowed
Eg. Codeine Linctus, Tolu Linctus

9. 8. LINIMENTS
1. Liquid or semi solid preparation meant for
application to unbroken skin
2. Alcoholic, oily or soapy solutions or emulsions
3. Used for rebefacient, counterirritant,
mildly astringent and penetrating effects
4. Not applied to broken skin
Eg. Camphor Liniment, Turpentine Liniment

10. 9. LOTION
1. Liquid or semi liquid preparations meant for
application to unbroken skin
2. Without friction
3. Evaporating vehicle like alcohol is used for
cooling effect.
4. Antiseptic, astringent, anaesthetics,
germicides, protective or sceening agent
for prevention or treatment of skin diseases.
Eg. Calamine Lotion, Hydrocortisone Lotion

11. 10. LOZENGES
1. Solid dosage forms meant to
dissolve slowly in the mouth
2. Base is hard sugar candy, glycerinated
gelatins or a combination of sugar
with sufficient gum to give it a form
3. Do not disintegrate in the mouth
but dissolve slowly releasing
active ingredients.
4. Antiseptic, antibiotic , antihistaminic and etc.,

12. 11. MOUTH WASHES
1. Aqueous solutions containing one or
more ingredients for use in contact with
the mucous membrane of the oral cavity
2. After dilution with water
3. Contain additives like Alcohol, glycerine,
synthetic sweeteners, surfactant,
flavouring and coloring agents
4. Used for Cleansing, refreshing,
deodorising and antiseptic action
5. Acidic or basic
6. Reduce bacterial concentration and
odour in the mouth for short period.

13. 12. NASAL DROPS
1. Solutions, suspensions or emulsions
meant for installation into the nostrils with dropper
2. Based on aqueous vehicles
3. Oily drops may retard ciliary action of the
mucosa and cause lipoid pneumonia
if drops enter the lungs.

14. 13. NASAL SPRAYS
1. Suspensions or solutions intended for spraying
in to the nostrils
2. To relieve nasal congestion and
inflammation and to treat infections
3. Retained in the nasal tract
4. Viscous and coarse
5. Supplied in pressurized containers
or plastic squeeze bottles

15. 14. AROMATIC WATER
1. Saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils
or other aromatic or volatile substances.
2. Distillation method . Strong rose water
3. Solution method. Dill water
4. Alternate solution method .
Concentrated peppermint water.

16. 15. CACHETS
1. Solid dosage forms for oral administration
of nauseous and disagreeable d
drug substance
2. Moulded from rice paper
3. Various sizes
4. Before administration , softened by
immersion in water for few seconds.

17. 16. TINCTURES
1. Sweet viscous liquid oral preparation
2. They have demulcent, sedative and
expectorant action.
3. High proportion of sugar and
glycerine have demulcent action.
Eg. Codeine tincture
4. They are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic
solutions . Eg. Orange tincture
5. Contain 20-90% alcohol and spirits.

18. Prepared by
1. Simple dilution of stronger preparation
2. Maceration
3. Percolation

19. 17. SPIRITS
1. Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of volatile oils
2. Used internally for their medicinal values and flavouring
agent.
3. Applied externally or used by inhalation.
Eg. Aromatic spirit of Ammonia
4 Prepared by
1. Simple dissolution
2. Maceration
3. Chemical reaction
4. Distillation

20. 18. PROOF SPIRITS
1. Mixture of Alcohol and water
2. 51 degree F
3. 12/13 th of an equal volume of water
4. The strenth of alcoholic preparation
are medicated by degrees,
over proof o/p or under proof u/p
5. Any alcoholic preparation with 57.1%v/v is a
6. proof spirit.

21. 19. ELIXIRS
1. Clean liquid,oral alcoholic preparion
2. Potent and nauseous drugs
3. Stable than mixture
Classification
1. Non medicated Elixir.
Eg. Compound benzaldehyde elixir
2. Medicated Elixir. Eg. Chlorpheniramine

22. 20. SYRUPS
1. Aqueous preparation of sugar
2. Medicated Syrup
3. Flavoured Syrup

23. 21. DROUGHTS
1. Oral liquid preparation
2. Meant to take as a single dose
3. Male fern drought
4. Paraldehyde drought oxidizes to acetic acid on storage leads