The document discusses Ethernet I/O and its use in industrial automation applications. It provides an overview of Ethernet standards and protocols that can be used with Ethernet I/O. Examples are given demonstrating how Ethernet I/O can be used in different network topologies and to interface with different field devices and controllers. Considerations for implementing Ethernet I/O in industrial environments such as temperature ratings, isolation, and security are also covered. Case studies provide real-world examples of how Ethernet I/O has been applied in specific automation situations.
Presentation from SIEPON Seminar on 20 April in Czech Republic, sponsored by IEEE-SA & CAG. Opinions presented by the speakers in this presentation are their own, and not necessarily those of their employers or of IEEE.
Can networks deliver quality of experience?Antonio Liotta
Video is by far the predominant consumer of network capacity. Yet, the Internet is a ‘video repellent’ machine, one that can transfer data but has no notion of deadlines. So what are we getting from modern video services? How can we measure quality of experience? And can we predict the quality perceived by the user, starting from simple network measurements? In this talk I give a critical perspective on conventional QoE assessment, ending up with a controversial proposition.
This talk is based on the following material:
V. Menkovski, A. Liotta
'Adaptive Psychometric Scaling for Video Quality Assessment'
Journal of Signal Processing: Image Communication (Elsevier, 2012)
http://bit.ly/JSP-2012
V. Menkovski, G. Exarchakos, A. Liotta
'The Value of Relative Quality in Video Delivery'
Journal of Mobile Multimedia. Vol.7(3), pp. 151-162 (Sept. 2011)
http://bit.ly/JMM-2011
V. Menkovski, G. Exarchakos, A. Liotta
'Online Learning for Quality of Experience Management'
The annual machine learning conference of Belgium and The Netherlands, Leuven, Belgium, 2010
http://bit.ly/BENELEARN-2010
A. Liotta, G. Exarchakos
'Networks for Pervasive Services: Six Ways to Upgrade the Internet'
Springer (2011)
http://bit.ly/pervasive-networks
Maysarah Ibrahim is seeking a position as an IT manager or related role. He has over 15 years of experience in information technology including networking, systems administration, and project management. He is proficient with Microsoft Windows, Active Directory, Exchange Server, and Cisco routers and switches. His objective is to obtain a challenging position managing IT operations, projects, or as a senior IT consultant.
Marco Donkersloot is an experienced infrastructure specialist with expertise in Cisco, HP, Juniper, Avaya and other systems. He has over 15 years of experience managing large, complex networks and VoIP systems. He is skilled in troubleshooting, design and implementation of networks, telephony and security systems.
This document is a catalog for Siemon's networking cabling solutions. It introduces their TERA Category 7A/Class FA cabling system, which exceeds the specifications for Category 7A and Class FA and supports performance beyond 10Gb/s. The TERA system includes outlets, patch panels, patch cords, video baluns, trunking cables, and more. The catalog then outlines the various sections that describe Siemon's other cabling products like their Category 6A, Category 6, Category 5e, fiber optic cabling, infrastructure management solutions, faceplates, racks, and additional tools.
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
The document discusses Cisco's video and collaboration portfolio. It notes that video traffic now exceeds 50% of mobile traffic and that business video conferencing is expected to grow six-fold. It outlines Cisco's strategy to transform experiences through products like TelePresence and Videoscape that deliver video and collaboration across multiple devices. The goal is to build on leadership in key markets and drive innovation through Medianet and other initiatives.
Carrier Ethernet services provide businesses with standardized, scalable, and reliable wide area network connectivity. These services can be used to deliver various applications over a single Ethernet connection and include E-Line, E-LAN, and E-Tree. Carrier Ethernet leverages technologies like MPLS, SONET, and DWDM to create private communications networks with performance assurances, visibility, and expense predictability.
Presentation from SIEPON Seminar on 20 April in Czech Republic, sponsored by IEEE-SA & CAG. Opinions presented by the speakers in this presentation are their own, and not necessarily those of their employers or of IEEE.
Can networks deliver quality of experience?Antonio Liotta
Video is by far the predominant consumer of network capacity. Yet, the Internet is a ‘video repellent’ machine, one that can transfer data but has no notion of deadlines. So what are we getting from modern video services? How can we measure quality of experience? And can we predict the quality perceived by the user, starting from simple network measurements? In this talk I give a critical perspective on conventional QoE assessment, ending up with a controversial proposition.
This talk is based on the following material:
V. Menkovski, A. Liotta
'Adaptive Psychometric Scaling for Video Quality Assessment'
Journal of Signal Processing: Image Communication (Elsevier, 2012)
http://bit.ly/JSP-2012
V. Menkovski, G. Exarchakos, A. Liotta
'The Value of Relative Quality in Video Delivery'
Journal of Mobile Multimedia. Vol.7(3), pp. 151-162 (Sept. 2011)
http://bit.ly/JMM-2011
V. Menkovski, G. Exarchakos, A. Liotta
'Online Learning for Quality of Experience Management'
The annual machine learning conference of Belgium and The Netherlands, Leuven, Belgium, 2010
http://bit.ly/BENELEARN-2010
A. Liotta, G. Exarchakos
'Networks for Pervasive Services: Six Ways to Upgrade the Internet'
Springer (2011)
http://bit.ly/pervasive-networks
Maysarah Ibrahim is seeking a position as an IT manager or related role. He has over 15 years of experience in information technology including networking, systems administration, and project management. He is proficient with Microsoft Windows, Active Directory, Exchange Server, and Cisco routers and switches. His objective is to obtain a challenging position managing IT operations, projects, or as a senior IT consultant.
Marco Donkersloot is an experienced infrastructure specialist with expertise in Cisco, HP, Juniper, Avaya and other systems. He has over 15 years of experience managing large, complex networks and VoIP systems. He is skilled in troubleshooting, design and implementation of networks, telephony and security systems.
This document is a catalog for Siemon's networking cabling solutions. It introduces their TERA Category 7A/Class FA cabling system, which exceeds the specifications for Category 7A and Class FA and supports performance beyond 10Gb/s. The TERA system includes outlets, patch panels, patch cords, video baluns, trunking cables, and more. The catalog then outlines the various sections that describe Siemon's other cabling products like their Category 6A, Category 6, Category 5e, fiber optic cabling, infrastructure management solutions, faceplates, racks, and additional tools.
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
The document discusses Cisco's video and collaboration portfolio. It notes that video traffic now exceeds 50% of mobile traffic and that business video conferencing is expected to grow six-fold. It outlines Cisco's strategy to transform experiences through products like TelePresence and Videoscape that deliver video and collaboration across multiple devices. The goal is to build on leadership in key markets and drive innovation through Medianet and other initiatives.
Carrier Ethernet services provide businesses with standardized, scalable, and reliable wide area network connectivity. These services can be used to deliver various applications over a single Ethernet connection and include E-Line, E-LAN, and E-Tree. Carrier Ethernet leverages technologies like MPLS, SONET, and DWDM to create private communications networks with performance assurances, visibility, and expense predictability.
Shoichi Sakane presented on trends in ICT standardization. Smart objects and sensor networks are proliferating in many industries. Previously these networks used closed, proprietary protocols, which lacked interoperability and scalability. Using the common IP infrastructure allows open standards and greater flexibility. The IETF is standardizing many protocols for low-power, resource-constrained smart objects. The IPSO alliance promotes IP for smart objects through standards development and interoperability testing.
This was the opening presentation of the Zenoh Summit in June 2022. The presentation goes through the motivations that lead to the design of the zenoh protocol and provides an introduction of its core concepts. This is the place to start to understand why you should care about zenoh and the way in which is disrupts existing technologies.
The recording for this presentation is available at https://bit.ly/3QOuC6i
The LAMP (Linux/Apache HTTP Server/MySQL/PHP) stack has dominated web infrastructures, in the IoT it is believed a similar open source stack will dominate IoT deployments. This presentation will look at the new technology requirements and architectures required for IoT solutions. It will identify three stacks of software required by any IoT solution, and finally present how open source communities, such as the Eclipse IoT community, are already supplying the critical software technology needed by IoT solution providers.
Presented at IoT Evolution, Feb 8 2017
The document discusses design challenges and trends in high speed interconnect IPs. It covers topics like the rationale for high speed serial interconnects, comparisons of technologies like PCIe, SRIO, and USB 3.0, and challenges in adopting interconnect IPs. It also provides overviews of specific high speed interconnect IPs from GDA like their USB 3.0 and DVB-H solutions, and how their configurable and verified IPs aim to overcome adoption challenges.
Catching the Internet of Things (IoT) WaveChuck Petras
The document discusses various topics related to Internet of Things (IoT) systems, including definitions of IoT, the types of connected devices, connectivity options, and software and hardware considerations for IoT devices. It provides examples of memory requirements and processor selections for IoT applications. Key networking technologies like TCP/IP, WiFi, Bluetooth, and different software architectures for IoT devices are also examined.
Tom Spence has over 22 years of experience in IP networking, Unix, and mainframe programming. He currently works as a senior network planning engineer for AT&T, where he has helped plan and implement their mobility IP network to support the migration from PSTN to IP. He has extensive experience with Cisco, Alcatel-Lucent, and Spirent equipment, as well as various programming languages. He holds numerous certifications from Alcatel-Lucent and AT&T Mobility.
The document discusses three software stacks for Internet of Things (IoT) solutions:
1) A constrained device stack focused on low-power devices with limited capabilities including an OS/RTOS, communication protocols, and remote management.
2) A gateway/smart device stack to connect different network types, ensure reliability, provide local data processing and offline support, and interface with field protocols and cloud protocols.
3) A cloud platform stack to ingest large amounts of IoT data, manage devices, provide scalable storage and analytics, and expose APIs for applications. Cross-cutting concerns like security, ontologies, and tools are also discussed.
The document provides an introduction to Contiki OS and Cooja network simulator. It discusses that Contiki is an open source, highly portable, multi-tasking operating system for memory efficient, networked embedded systems and wireless sensor networks. Cooja is described as a Contiki network emulator that is a Java-based simulator capable of emulating sensor node hardware and allowing testing of Contiki code and protocols in simulation before deploying on real hardware. The document also gives an overview of Internet of Things technologies including communication standards, sensor technologies, and embedded systems.
The document contains the resume of Neeta Bisht summarizing her professional experience and qualifications. She has over 4 years of experience in Embedded C development and sustaining projects for Cisco switches. She has expertise in networking protocols like L2/L3 and has worked on features like POE, CIP, licensing and SNMP. She is proficient in languages like Embedded C, Python and Perl and has a Master's degree in Software Engineering.
EtherNet/IP is an industrial Ethernet network solution that implements the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) using Ethernet technology. It provides a unified communication architecture for manufacturing automation applications like control, safety, and information collection. EtherNet/IP leverages the widespread adoption of Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols to provide a cost-effective networking solution for industrial devices while enabling connectivity to enterprise networks. It supports real-time I/O messaging and explicit device messaging over Ethernet using CIP.
EtherNet/IP is an industrial Ethernet network solution that implements the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) using Ethernet technology. It provides a unified communication architecture for manufacturing automation applications like control, safety, and information collection. EtherNet/IP leverages the widespread adoption of Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols to provide a cost-effective, scalable networking solution while enabling connectivity to enterprise systems. As a CIP network, it supports producer-consumer messaging and flexible device configurations.
The document discusses Microsoft's strategy and commitment to interoperability through web services specifications and standards. It provides an overview of Microsoft's WS-* specification development process, their involvement in various standards bodies, and implementations in their products to support interoperability. It also discusses the adoption of WS-* specifications by other vendors and defines interoperability profiles to compose subsets of specifications for specific domains or environments.
The document discusses EtherNet/IP networking technology. It provides an overview of the OSI reference model and how EtherNet/IP uses standard Ethernet and IP networking. It describes how EtherNet/IP supports the convergence of industrial applications onto a single network using common Ethernet infrastructure and the CIP application layer protocol.
Fundamentals of Ethernet /IP Technologysoftconsystem
This document provides an overview of the agenda and topics for a Rockwell Automation TechED presentation on EtherNet/IP networking technology. The presentation will cover standard industrial network technology including EtherNet/IP, the OSI reference model, and industrial automation network architectures. It will also discuss topics like converged plantwide Ethernet, EtherNet/IP capabilities, industrial network trends, and the physical layer of networking.
The document discusses the need for standardization in the Internet-of-Things (IoT). It notes that IoT involves a highly heterogeneous set of sensors, devices, and data that needs interoperability standards. It describes some existing standards for different IoT layers including networking, data formats, protocols, and interfaces. The document advocates for both syntactic and semantic interoperability standards and outlines Tata Consultancy Services' contributions to various standards bodies.
An optimal general type-2 fuzzy controller for Urban Traffic NetworkISA Interchange
This document presents an optimal general type-2 fuzzy controller (OGT2FC) for controlling traffic signal scheduling and phase succession to minimize wait times and average queue length. The OGT2FC uses a combination of general type-2 fuzzy logic sets and the Modified Backtracking Search Algorithm (MBSA) to optimize the membership function parameters. Simulation results show the OGT2FC performs better than conventional type-1 fuzzy controllers in regulating urban traffic flow.
Embedded intelligent adaptive PI controller for an electromechanical systemISA Interchange
In this study, an intelligent adaptive controller approach using the interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) is presented. The proposed controller consists of a lower level proportional - integral (PI) controller, which is the main controller and an upper level IT2FNN which tuning on-line the parameters of a PI controller. The proposed adaptive PI controller based on IT2FNN (API-IT2FNN) is implemented practically using the Arduino DUE kit for controlling the speed of a nonlinear DC motor-generator system. The parameters of the IT2FNN are tuned on-line using back-propagation algorithm. The Lyapunov theorem is used to derive the stability and convergence of the IT2FNN. The obtained experimental results, which are compared with other controllers, demonstrate that the proposed API-IT2FNN is able to improve the system response over a wide range of system uncertainties.
Shoichi Sakane presented on trends in ICT standardization. Smart objects and sensor networks are proliferating in many industries. Previously these networks used closed, proprietary protocols, which lacked interoperability and scalability. Using the common IP infrastructure allows open standards and greater flexibility. The IETF is standardizing many protocols for low-power, resource-constrained smart objects. The IPSO alliance promotes IP for smart objects through standards development and interoperability testing.
This was the opening presentation of the Zenoh Summit in June 2022. The presentation goes through the motivations that lead to the design of the zenoh protocol and provides an introduction of its core concepts. This is the place to start to understand why you should care about zenoh and the way in which is disrupts existing technologies.
The recording for this presentation is available at https://bit.ly/3QOuC6i
The LAMP (Linux/Apache HTTP Server/MySQL/PHP) stack has dominated web infrastructures, in the IoT it is believed a similar open source stack will dominate IoT deployments. This presentation will look at the new technology requirements and architectures required for IoT solutions. It will identify three stacks of software required by any IoT solution, and finally present how open source communities, such as the Eclipse IoT community, are already supplying the critical software technology needed by IoT solution providers.
Presented at IoT Evolution, Feb 8 2017
The document discusses design challenges and trends in high speed interconnect IPs. It covers topics like the rationale for high speed serial interconnects, comparisons of technologies like PCIe, SRIO, and USB 3.0, and challenges in adopting interconnect IPs. It also provides overviews of specific high speed interconnect IPs from GDA like their USB 3.0 and DVB-H solutions, and how their configurable and verified IPs aim to overcome adoption challenges.
Catching the Internet of Things (IoT) WaveChuck Petras
The document discusses various topics related to Internet of Things (IoT) systems, including definitions of IoT, the types of connected devices, connectivity options, and software and hardware considerations for IoT devices. It provides examples of memory requirements and processor selections for IoT applications. Key networking technologies like TCP/IP, WiFi, Bluetooth, and different software architectures for IoT devices are also examined.
Tom Spence has over 22 years of experience in IP networking, Unix, and mainframe programming. He currently works as a senior network planning engineer for AT&T, where he has helped plan and implement their mobility IP network to support the migration from PSTN to IP. He has extensive experience with Cisco, Alcatel-Lucent, and Spirent equipment, as well as various programming languages. He holds numerous certifications from Alcatel-Lucent and AT&T Mobility.
The document discusses three software stacks for Internet of Things (IoT) solutions:
1) A constrained device stack focused on low-power devices with limited capabilities including an OS/RTOS, communication protocols, and remote management.
2) A gateway/smart device stack to connect different network types, ensure reliability, provide local data processing and offline support, and interface with field protocols and cloud protocols.
3) A cloud platform stack to ingest large amounts of IoT data, manage devices, provide scalable storage and analytics, and expose APIs for applications. Cross-cutting concerns like security, ontologies, and tools are also discussed.
The document provides an introduction to Contiki OS and Cooja network simulator. It discusses that Contiki is an open source, highly portable, multi-tasking operating system for memory efficient, networked embedded systems and wireless sensor networks. Cooja is described as a Contiki network emulator that is a Java-based simulator capable of emulating sensor node hardware and allowing testing of Contiki code and protocols in simulation before deploying on real hardware. The document also gives an overview of Internet of Things technologies including communication standards, sensor technologies, and embedded systems.
The document contains the resume of Neeta Bisht summarizing her professional experience and qualifications. She has over 4 years of experience in Embedded C development and sustaining projects for Cisco switches. She has expertise in networking protocols like L2/L3 and has worked on features like POE, CIP, licensing and SNMP. She is proficient in languages like Embedded C, Python and Perl and has a Master's degree in Software Engineering.
EtherNet/IP is an industrial Ethernet network solution that implements the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) using Ethernet technology. It provides a unified communication architecture for manufacturing automation applications like control, safety, and information collection. EtherNet/IP leverages the widespread adoption of Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols to provide a cost-effective networking solution for industrial devices while enabling connectivity to enterprise networks. It supports real-time I/O messaging and explicit device messaging over Ethernet using CIP.
EtherNet/IP is an industrial Ethernet network solution that implements the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) using Ethernet technology. It provides a unified communication architecture for manufacturing automation applications like control, safety, and information collection. EtherNet/IP leverages the widespread adoption of Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols to provide a cost-effective, scalable networking solution while enabling connectivity to enterprise systems. As a CIP network, it supports producer-consumer messaging and flexible device configurations.
The document discusses Microsoft's strategy and commitment to interoperability through web services specifications and standards. It provides an overview of Microsoft's WS-* specification development process, their involvement in various standards bodies, and implementations in their products to support interoperability. It also discusses the adoption of WS-* specifications by other vendors and defines interoperability profiles to compose subsets of specifications for specific domains or environments.
The document discusses EtherNet/IP networking technology. It provides an overview of the OSI reference model and how EtherNet/IP uses standard Ethernet and IP networking. It describes how EtherNet/IP supports the convergence of industrial applications onto a single network using common Ethernet infrastructure and the CIP application layer protocol.
Fundamentals of Ethernet /IP Technologysoftconsystem
This document provides an overview of the agenda and topics for a Rockwell Automation TechED presentation on EtherNet/IP networking technology. The presentation will cover standard industrial network technology including EtherNet/IP, the OSI reference model, and industrial automation network architectures. It will also discuss topics like converged plantwide Ethernet, EtherNet/IP capabilities, industrial network trends, and the physical layer of networking.
The document discusses the need for standardization in the Internet-of-Things (IoT). It notes that IoT involves a highly heterogeneous set of sensors, devices, and data that needs interoperability standards. It describes some existing standards for different IoT layers including networking, data formats, protocols, and interfaces. The document advocates for both syntactic and semantic interoperability standards and outlines Tata Consultancy Services' contributions to various standards bodies.
An optimal general type-2 fuzzy controller for Urban Traffic NetworkISA Interchange
This document presents an optimal general type-2 fuzzy controller (OGT2FC) for controlling traffic signal scheduling and phase succession to minimize wait times and average queue length. The OGT2FC uses a combination of general type-2 fuzzy logic sets and the Modified Backtracking Search Algorithm (MBSA) to optimize the membership function parameters. Simulation results show the OGT2FC performs better than conventional type-1 fuzzy controllers in regulating urban traffic flow.
Embedded intelligent adaptive PI controller for an electromechanical systemISA Interchange
In this study, an intelligent adaptive controller approach using the interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) is presented. The proposed controller consists of a lower level proportional - integral (PI) controller, which is the main controller and an upper level IT2FNN which tuning on-line the parameters of a PI controller. The proposed adaptive PI controller based on IT2FNN (API-IT2FNN) is implemented practically using the Arduino DUE kit for controlling the speed of a nonlinear DC motor-generator system. The parameters of the IT2FNN are tuned on-line using back-propagation algorithm. The Lyapunov theorem is used to derive the stability and convergence of the IT2FNN. The obtained experimental results, which are compared with other controllers, demonstrate that the proposed API-IT2FNN is able to improve the system response over a wide range of system uncertainties.
State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries using fractional order sl...ISA Interchange
This paper presents a state of charge (SOC) estimation method based on fractional order sliding mode observer (SMO) for lithium-ion batteries. A fractional order RC equivalent circuit model (FORCECM) is firstly constructed to describe the charging and discharging dynamic characteristics of the battery. Then, based on the differential equations of the FORCECM, fractional order SMOs for SOC, polarization voltage and terminal voltage estimation are designed. After that, convergence of the proposed observers is analyzed by Lyapunov’s stability theory method. The framework of the designed observer system is simple and easy to implement. The SMOs can overcome the uncertainties of parameters, modeling and measurement errors, and present good robustness. Simulation results show that the presented estima- tion method is effective, and the designed observers have good performance.
Fractional order PID for tracking control of a parallel robotic manipulator t...ISA Interchange
This paper presents the tracking control for a robotic manipulator type delta employing fractional order PID controllers with computed torque control strategy. It is contrasted with an integer order PID controller with computed torque control strategy. The mechanical structure, kinematics and dynamic models of the delta robot are descripted. A SOLIDWORKS/MSC-ADAMS/MATLAB co-simulation model of the delta robot is built and employed for the stages of identification, design, and validation of control strategies. Identification of the dynamic model of the robot is performed using the least squares algorithm. A linearized model of the robotic system is obtained employing the computed torque control strategy resulting in a decoupled double integrating system. From the linearized model of the delta robot, fractional order PID and integer order PID controllers are designed, analyzing the dynamical behavior for many evaluation trajectories. Controllers robustness is evaluated against external disturbances employing performance indexes for the joint and spatial error, applied torque in the joints and trajectory tracking. Results show that fractional order PID with the computed torque control strategy has a robust performance and active disturbance rejection when it is applied to parallel robotic manipulators on tracking tasks.
Fuzzy logic for plant-wide control of biological wastewater treatment process...ISA Interchange
The application of control strategies is increasingly used in wastewater treatment plants with the aim of improving effluent quality and reducing operating costs. Due to concerns about the progressive growth of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), these are also currently being evaluated in wastewater treatment plants. The present article proposes a fuzzy controller for plant-wide control of the biological wastewater treatment process. Its design is based on 14 inputs and 6 outputs in order to reduce GHG emissions, nutrient concentration in the effluent and operational costs. The article explains and shows the effect of each one of the inputs and outputs of the fuzzy controller, as well as the relationship between them. Benchmark Simulation Model no 2 Gas is used for testing the proposed control strategy. The results of simulation results show that the fuzzy controller is able to reduce GHG emissions while improving, at the same time, the common criteria of effluent quality and operational costs.
Design and implementation of a control structure for quality products in a cr...ISA Interchange
In recent years, interest for petrochemical processes has been increasing, especially in refinement area. However, the high variability in the dynamic characteristics present in the atmospheric distillation column poses a challenge to obtain quality products. To improve distillates quality in spite of the changes in the input crude oil composition, this paper details a new design of a control strategy in a conventional crude oil distillation plant defined using formal interaction analysis tools. The process dynamic and its control are simulated on Aspen HYSYS dynamic environment under real operating conditions. The simulation results are compared against a typical control strategy commonly used in crude oil atmospheric distillation columns.
Model based PI power system stabilizer design for damping low frequency oscil...ISA Interchange
This paper explores a two-level control strategy by blending a local controller with a centralized controller for the low frequency oscillations in a power system. The proposed control scheme provides stabilization of local modes using a local controller and minimizes the effect of inter-connection of sub-systems performance through a centralized control. For designing the local controllers in the form of proportional-integral power system stabilizer (PI-PSS), a simple and straight forward frequency domain direct synthesis method is considered that works on use of a suitable reference model which is based on the desired requirements. Several examples both on one machine infinite bus and multi-machine systems taken from the literature are illustrated to show the efficacy of the proposed PI-PSS. The effective damping of the systems is found to be increased remarkably which is reflected in the time-responses; even unstable operation has been stabilized with improved damping after applying the proposed controller. The proposed controllers give remarkable improvement in damping the oscillations in all the illustrations considered here and as for example, the value of damping factor has been increased from 0.0217 to 0.666 in Example 1. The simulation results obtained by the proposed control strategy are favorably compared with some controllers prevalent in the literature.
A comparison of a novel robust decentralized control strategy and MPC for ind...ISA Interchange
This document summarizes a research article that compares a novel decentralized control strategy based on override control to a model predictive controller (MPC) for controlling an industrial high purity methanol distillation column. Both controllers were able to maintain tight product purity and high recovery specifications under disturbances. The MPC provided tighter control of product purity but used more energy, while the proposed override control provided tighter recovery control and had lower costs. An economic analysis showed the optimal choice depends on factors like energy costs.
Fault detection of feed water treatment process using PCA-WD with parameter o...ISA Interchange
This research article proposes a new fault detection algorithm called PCA-WD that combines wavelet denoising (WD) with principal component analysis (PCA) to improve fault detection performance for feed water treatment processes (FWTP). The algorithm is applied to operational data from a FWTP sustaining two 1000 MW coal-fired power plants. Parameter selection for the PCA-WD algorithm is formulated as an optimization problem solved using particle swarm optimization to determine optimal parameters automatically rather than relying on individual experience. Results show that WD effectively reduces noise in PCA statistics, improving fault detection. The optimized PCA-WD algorithm outperforms classical PCA and a related method in detecting various faults in the FWTP data.
Model-based adaptive sliding mode control of the subcritical boiler-turbine s...ISA Interchange
As higher requirements are proposed for the load regulation and efficiency enhancement, the control performance of boiler-turbine systems has become much more important. In this paper, a novel robust control approach is proposed to improve the coordinated control performance for subcritical boiler-turbine units. To capture the key features of the boiler-turbine system, a nonlinear control-oriented model is established and validated with the history operation data of a 300 MW unit. To achieve system linearization and decoupling, an adaptive feedback linearization strategy is proposed, which could asymptotically eliminate the linearization error caused by the model uncertainties. Based on the linearized boiler-turbine system, a second-order sliding mode controller is designed with the super-twisting algorithm. Moreover, the closed-loop system is proved robustly stable with respect to uncertainties and disturbances. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, which achieves excellent tracking performance, strong robustness and chattering reduction.
A Proportional Integral Estimator-Based Clock Synchronization Protocol for Wi...ISA Interchange
Clock synchronization is an issue of vital importance in applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper proposes a proportional integral estimator-based protocol (EBP) to achieve clock synchronization for wireless sensor networks. As each local clock skew gradually drifts, synchronization accuracy will decline over time. Compared with existing consensus-based approaches, the proposed synchronization protocol improves synchronization accuracy under time-varying clock skews. Moreover, by restricting synchronization error of clock skew into a relative small quantity, it could reduce periodic re-synchronization frequencies. At last, a pseudo-synchronous implementation for skew compensation is introduced as synchronous protocol is unrealistic in practice. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate the performance of the proposed protocol.
An artificial intelligence based improved classification of two-phase flow patte...ISA Interchange
Flow pattern recognition is necessary to select design equations for finding operating details of the process and to perform computational simulations. Visual image processing can be used to automate the interpretation of patterns in two-phase flow. In this paper, an attempt has been made to improve the classification accuracy of the flow pattern of gas/ liquid two- phase flow using fuzzy logic and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The videos of six different types of flow patterns namely, annular flow, bubble flow, churn flow, plug flow, slug flow and stratified flow are re- corded for a period and converted to 2D images for processing. The textural and shape features extracted using image processing are applied as inputs to various classification schemes namely fuzzy logic, SVM and SVM with PCA in order to identify the type of flow pattern. The results obtained are compared and it is observed that SVM with features reduced using PCA gives the better classification accuracy and computationally less intensive than other two existing schemes. This study results cover industrial application needs including oil and gas and any other gas-liquid two-phase flows.
New Method for Tuning PID Controllers Using a Symmetric Send-On-Delta Samplin...ISA Interchange
In this paper we present a new method for tuning PI controllers with symmetric send-on-delta (SSOD) sampling strategy. First we analyze the conditions that produce oscillations in event based systems considering SSOD sampling strategy. The Describing Function is the tool used to address the problem. Once the conditions for oscillations are established, a new robustness to oscillation performance measure is introduced which entails with the concept of phase margin, one of the most traditional measures of relative stability in closed-loop control systems. Therefore, the application of the proposed robustness measure is easy and intuitive. The method is tested by both simulations and experiments. Additionally, a Java application has been developed to aid in the design according to the results presented in the paper.
Load estimator-based hybrid controller design for two-interleaved boost conve...ISA Interchange
This paper is devoted to the development of a hybrid controller for a two-interleaved boost converter dedicated to renewable energy and automotive applications. The control requirements, resumed in fast transient and low input current ripple, are formulated as a problem of fast stabilization of a predefined optimal limit cycle, and solved using hybrid automaton formalism. In addition, a real time estimation of the load is developed using an algebraic approach for online adjustment of the hybrid controller. Mathematical proofs are provided with simulations to illustrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed controller despite different disturbances. Furthermore, a fuel cell system supplying a resistive load through a two-interleaved boost converter is also highlighted.
Effects of Wireless Packet Loss in Industrial Process Control SystemsISA Interchange
Timely and reliable sensing and actuation control are essential in networked control. This depends on not only the precision/quality of the sensors and actuators used but also on how well the communications links between the field instruments and the controller have been designed. Wireless networking offers simple deployment, reconfigurability, scalability, and reduced operational expenditure, and is easier to upgrade than wired solutions. However, the adoption of wireless networking has been slow in industrial process control due to the stochastic and less than 100% reliable nature of wireless communications and lack of a model to evaluate the effects of such communications imperfections on the overall control performance. In this paper, we study how control performance is affected by wireless link quality, which in turn is adversely affected by severe propagation loss in harsh industrial environments, co-channel interference, and unintended interference from other devices. We select the Tennessee Eastman Challenge Model (TE) for our study. A decentralized process control system, first proposed by N. Ricker, is adopted that employs 41 sensors and 12 actuators to manage the production process in the TE plant. We consider the scenario where wireless links are used to periodically transmit essential sensor measurement data, such as pressure, temperature and chemical composition to the controller as well as control commands to manipulate the actuators according to predetermined setpoints. We consider two models for packet loss in the wireless links, namely, an independent and identically distributed (IID) packet loss model and the two-state Gilbert-Elliot (GE) channel model. While the former is a random loss model, the latter can model bursty losses. With each channel model, the performance of the simulated decentralized controller using wireless links is compared with the one using wired links providing instant and 100% reliable communications. The sensitivity of the controller to the burstiness of packet loss is also characterized in different process stages. The performance results indicate that wireless links with redundant bandwidth reservation can meet the requirements of the TE process model under normal operational conditions. When disturbances are introduced in the TE plant model, wireless packet loss during transitions between process stages need further protection in severely impaired links. Techniques such as re-transmission scheduling, multi-path routing and enhanced physical layer design are discussed and the latest industrial wireless protocols are compared.
Fault Detection in the Distillation Column ProcessISA Interchange
Chemical plants are complex large-scale systems which need designing robust fault detection schemes to ensure high product quality, reliability and safety under different operating conditions. The present paper is concerned with a feasibility study of the application of the black-box modeling method and Kullback Leibler divergence (KLD) to the fault detection in a distillation column process. A Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average with eXogenous input (NARMAX) polynomial model is firstly developed to estimate the nonlinear behavior of the plant. Furthermore, the KLD is applied to detect abnormal modes. The proposed FD method is implemented and validated experimentally using realistic faults of a distillation plant of laboratory scale. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the fact that proposed method is effective and gives early alarm to operators.
Neural Network-Based Actuator Fault Diagnosis for a Non-Linear Multi-Tank SystemISA Interchange
The paper is devoted to the problem of the robust actuator fault diagnosis of the dynamic non-linear systems. In the proposed method, it is assumed that the diagnosed system can be modelled by the recurrent neural network, which can be transformed into the linear parameter varying form. Such a system description allows developing the designing scheme of the robust unknown input observer within H1 framework for a class of non-linear systems. The proposed approach is designed in such a way that a prescribed disturbance attenuation level is achieved with respect to the actuator fault estimation error, while guaranteeing the convergence of the observer. The application of the robust unknown input observer enables actuator fault estimation, which allows applying the developed approach to the fault tolerant control tasks.
A KPI-based process monitoring and fault detection framework for large-scale ...ISA Interchange
Large-scale processes, consisting of multiple interconnected sub-processes, are commonly encountered in industrial systems, whose performance needs to be determined. A common approach to this problem is to use a key performance indicator (KPI)-based approach. However, the different KPI-based approaches are not developed with a coherent and consistent framework. Thus, this paper proposes a framework for KPI-based process monitoring and fault detection (PM-FD) for large-scale industrial processes, which considers the static and dynamic relationships between process and KPI variables. For the static case, a least squares-based approach is developed that provides an explicit link with least-squares regression, which gives better performance than partial least squares. For the dynamic case, using the kernel re- presentation of each sub-process, an instrument variable is used to reduce the dynamic case to the static case. This framework is applied to the TE benchmark process and the hot strip mill rolling process. The results show that the proposed method can detect faults better than previous methods.
An adaptive PID like controller using mix locally recurrent neural network fo...ISA Interchange
Being complex, non-linear and coupled system, the robotic manipulator cannot be effectively controlled using classical proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. To enhance the effectiveness of the conventional PID controller for the nonlinear and uncertain systems, gains of the PID controller should be conservatively tuned and should adapt to the process parameter variations. In this work, a mix locally recurrent neural network (MLRNN) architecture is investigated to mimic a conventional PID controller which consists of at most three hidden nodes which act as proportional, integral and derivative node. The gains of the mix locally recurrent neural network based PID (MLRNNPID) controller scheme are initi- alized with a newly developed cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) based optimization method rather than assuming randomly. A sequential learning based least square algorithm is then investigated for the on- line adaptation of the gains of MLRNNPID controller. The performance of the proposed controller scheme is tested against the plant parameters uncertainties and external disturbances for both links of the two link robotic manipulator with variable payload (TL-RMWVP). The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed using Lyapunov stability criteria. A performance comparison is carried out among MLRNNPID controller, CSA optimized NNPID (OPTNNPID) controller and CSA optimized conventional PID (OPTPID) controller in order to establish the effectiveness of the MLRNNPID controller.
A method to remove chattering alarms using median filtersISA Interchange
Chattering alarms are the most found nuisance alarms that will probably reduce the usability and result in a confidence crisis of alarm systems for industrial plants. This paper addresses the chattering alarm reduction using median filters. Two rules are formulated to design the window size of median filters. If the alarm probability is estimated using process data, one rule is based on the probability of alarms to satisfy some requirements on the false alarm rate, or missed alarm rate. If there are only historical alarm data available, the other rule is based on percentage reduction of chattering alarms using alarm duration distribution. Experimental results for industrial cases testify that the proposed method is effective.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
Prescriptive analytics BA4206 Anna University PPTFreelance
Business analysis - Prescriptive analytics Introduction to Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive Modeling
Non Linear Optimization
Demonstrating Business Performance Improvement
During the budget session of 2024-25, the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, introduced the “solar Rooftop scheme,” also known as “PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.” It is a subsidy offered to those who wish to put up solar panels in their homes using domestic power systems. Additionally, adopting photovoltaic technology at home allows you to lower your monthly electricity expenses. Today in this blog we will talk all about what is the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. How does it work? Who is eligible for this yojana and all the other things related to this scheme?
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SUmsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Starting a business is like embarking on an unpredictable adventure. It’s a journey filled with highs and lows, victories and defeats. But what if I told you that those setbacks and failures could be the very stepping stones that lead you to fortune? Let’s explore how resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking can transform adversity into opportunity.
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSS
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your BusinessArijit Dutta
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Aw 10 wireless
1. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Ethernet I/O
Brad S. Carlberg
Jim McConahay
Standards
Certification
Education & Training
Publishing
Conferences & Exhibits
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
2. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Co-Presenter: Brad S. Carlberg
Brad S. Carlberg, P.E. is a Consulting Engineer in Richland,
Washington. He is a Registered Professional Control Systems
Engineer in the states of Alabama and Washington with over twenty-
five years experience in industrial automation and Process Control
Engineering. Specifically he has experience with Distributed Control
Systems and Programmable Logic Controllers combining extensive
experience with both Hardware and Software Design, Programming,
Implementation and Startup. Brad received his Bachelor of Science
in Mechanical Engineering from Washington State University in
Pullman, Washington in 1984. Brad is a Senior Member of ISA who
has been a conference program committee member since 1997.
BSC
Engineering
2
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
3. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Co-Presenter: Jim McConahay
Jim McConahay, P.E. is an ISA member and holds a BSEE and
MBA from Cal Poly University, Pomona California. Has 30+ years
design and installation experience in Production and Automation
equipment. Jim is a Sr. Field Application Engineer for Moore
Industries-International, Inc. concentrating on process control
instruments, SCADA, SIS (Safety Instrumented Systems), fieldbus,
data concentrators and communications links.
3
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
4. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
Agenda
Physical Layers of Ethernet
Protocol Medley
Migration From Cabinet to the Plant Floor
Enhanced Features of Ethernet I/O
Architecture Considerations
Security
Examples of Ethernet Communications
4
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
5. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
OSI Model
OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) Model
7
Application
6 Presentation “Ethernet” IEEE 802.3x only applies here
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
Physical UTP, STP, Fiber, Coax, etc.
1 10/100/1000/10G speeds
5
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
6. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
OSI Model
Protocols run on top of Ethernet
7 MODBUS, OPC,
What “language” are you talking??
HTTP, Etc. Protocol
6 Presentation
5 Session
Addressing and Handshaking Protocols
4 TCP
3 IP
2 Ethernet UTP, STP, Fiber, Coax, etc.
Ethernet
1
6
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
7. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Open Standards
Ensure that your Ethernet I/O supports open
standards for connectivity: OPC, MODBUS/TCP,
Ethernet/IP, HTTP, HSE etc.
OPC
HTTP
MODBUS/TCP
Ethernet/IP HMI, PC,
FF HSE DCS, PLC
CIP
7
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
8. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Communications Media
Ethernet vs. Twisted Pair
Speed
Multiple Protocols over same cable
Plant wiring infrastructure
Non-Proprietary hardware available (lower cost)
Switch advancements have improved determinism
Power over Ethernet
HMI, PC,
DCS, PLC
8
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
9. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Protocol Gateway
What if the protocols don’t match?
Is there a solution?
Gateway
(Protocol Converter) HMI, PC,
Ethernet to Ethernet DCS,PLC
Ethernet to Serial
Wireless to Serial/Ethernet
9
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
10. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Protocol Gateway
Protocol Converters and Gateways
• The term “gateway” has many meanings. One common definition is a
protocol converter.
• Sometimes host and legacy systems can only communicate via one
particular protocol. Or, instruments may support one protocol but not the
one that the host system supports. Gateways can be very effective
solutions that connect these two devices. Since Ethernet is “open”
gateways are becoming more and more common.
• Sometimes people refer to “drivers” as gateways. A driver is essentially a
protocol or language translator.
10
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
11. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Simplified Gateway Example
Gateway
HART Data Map MODBUS Data Map
Gateway
Internal Mem.
MODBUS
HART mapping
Slave
Master
68.6 68.6
MODBUS Master
gets new data
HART Device is polled MODBUS Data Map
Internal Mapping Takes Place
11
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
12. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Moving from the Cabinet to the Field
• Temperature Considerations 55C vs. 85C operating Temp’s.
• Channel-to-channel, and input-to-output signal isolation
eliminates unpredictable ground loops
• RFI/EMI protection protects against plant noise
• Accuracy, long term stability, and Input/output resolution of
transmitters
12
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
13. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Isolated Channels
Signal Inputs/Outputs
A/D Converter Typical I/O Card Design
mP -single point of failure
-isolation
Common I/O Multiplexer
Signal Signal Signal Signal
Input Input Input Input
Transmitter Like Design
A/D A/D A/D A/D
-isolation
-flexibility of input type
mP mP mP mP
Enhanced I/O Design
13
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
14. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Isolated Channels
Power and Flexibility of
PLC’s Resolution, Accuracy,
(Cabinet Mounted) and Spec’s of Field
Transmitters
(Field Mounted)
Plant Floor “Industrialized” Ethernet I/O
14
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
15. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
“Hardened” Plant Floor Switches
•High Temp -40 to 85C vs. commercial ~45C
•High Vibration Tolerance
•RFI/EMI Rejection
•Surge Protection
•Dual Power Supply Options for UPS Systems
15
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
16. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Switch Features for the Plant Floor
•QoS (Quality of Service) -Packet Prioritization
•SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
•SMTP Client (Emails about network warnings/breaks)
•MAC Layer Filtering
•IP Layer Filtering
16
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
17. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Set-Ups
Programming should be easy and
intuitive; i.e. web based
17
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
18. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
More…
Do you need more than I/O gathering?
Ethernet I/O systems are smarter and more powerful than ever.
Many times PLC’s are used to perform simple control, math and
logic functions.
Questions to ask your Ethernet I/O vendor
1. Does your Ethernet I/O have the ability
to perform control and math?
2. Is the control programming language
proprietary?
3. …
18
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
19. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Compliant Language
Is the programming language
61131-3 compliant?
Function Block Diagram (FBD) Example
19
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
20. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Topology
Know your design needs before
choosing your Ethernet I/O system
1. Peer-to-Host—Star Topology; Bus Topology
2. Peer-to-Peer
3. Hybrid—Peer-to-peer and Peer-to-Host
4. Wireless/Fiber/Copper
20
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
21. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Peer-to-Host System
DCS, PLC or PC
with HMI/SCADA
(with NET
Concentrator
System OPC
Server)
Ethernet I/O
System Ethernet I/O
System
Additional NET
Concentrator System
Stations or Uplink to
Other Hubs or
Ethernet I/O Ethernet Switch or Hub Switches Ethernet I/O
System System
Dispersed Monitoring & Control Devices
Analog Direct Valve On/Off
Transmitter Temperature Positioners Devices
Sensors
Temperature
Pressure RTD On/Off Contact Closure
Level Thermocouple Proportional Relay
21
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
22. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Peer-to-Peer System
(cost savings with traditional I/O cards)
Ethernet/Fiber Network
PAIR 1 Ethernet I/O System Ethernet I/O System
Ethernet I/O Ethernet I/O
PAIR 2 System System
Ethernet I/O System Ethernet I/O System
PAIR 3
22
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
23. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Add Wireless…
Wireless Peer-to-Peer/Host Systems
900Mhz or 2.4Ghz – License Free or Licensed
Ethernet I/O Ethernet I/O
PAIR 1 System System
Ethernet I/O Ethernet I/O
PAIR 2 System System
23
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
24. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Security Concerns
Firewalls
NAT Routers
Virus Protection
Physical Security (personnel and Internet Connection)
“Line speed” packet encryption systems
24
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
25. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Networking
Network Architecture Considerations- “Connected”
VPN
Outside Internet
Front Office Network
Connections
Typical
Most Convenient
Router/Firewall
but Potentially
Vulnerable
Process Control Network
25
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
26. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Networking
Network Architecture Considerations- “Disconnected”
VPN
Front Office Network Outside Internet
Connections
Typical
Safer but
Inconvenient No Physical Connection
Process Control Network
26
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
27. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #1
One communication loop, multiple bus
Problem:
• PAC – Programmable Automation Controller
• Ethernet card in PAC backplane – Ethernet TCP/IP
• HMI
• Ethernet IP and Ethernet TCP/IP
• Flow, valves, level sensors / FF
• FF FIM; H1 to HSE link – Ethernet IP (not TCP/IP)
• Ethernet protocol conflict between FIM and PAC
27
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
28. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #1
One communication loop, two bus
Solution:
• Add MODBUS TCP to Ethernet IP Protocol Converter
– Two way FF protocol conversion with PAC
Protocol
Converter
Converts
Modbus TCP
to Ethernet IP
Foundation
Fieldbus Managed
FT Interface Ethernet
Module Switch
PT FOUNDATION Fieldbus H1 Modbus TCP Local
FIM HMI
LT Ethernet IP Display
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Ethernet IP
FT
Transmitters
PT
LT
Programmable
Automation
Controller
(PAC)
28
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
29. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #1
One communication loop, two bus
• Optimized equipment for each part of the system
• Used protocol converter to make compatible
– Lowest cost item in the system
– Far less cost than compromise performance of a single vendor
solution
29
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
30. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #2
Remote ESD for Oil Platform in Gulf
Problem:
• Maintenance Boat and Oil Rig Platform pipeline repairs
• Repairs involve heavy equipment above seafloor pipelines
• If accident event, need system to shut down Production
• ESD (Emergency Shutdown Device)
• Automatic
• Reliable
• Two-way verification of link
• Off shore
• Portable, distance >100 km
• Beyond radio links
30
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
31. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #2
Remote ESD for Oil Platform in Gulf
Considerations:
• No hard line communication links
• No ESD = No Drilling ($$$)
• Is existing Emails, Internet and VoIP to shore facilities
– Satellite link is reliable on platform
– Satellite link is reliable on Maintenance ship
• Maintenance ship is very mobile
– Easy installation
– Transferrable to new ship
– Simple, intuitive to operate
31
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
32. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #2
Remote ESD for Oil Platform in Gulf
Solution:
• Data concentrator on Maintenance boat
– Ethernet Communications module
– Discrete input/output module
– Packaging with switch plus display lamp tree
• Data concentrator of Oil Platform
– Ethernet Communications module
– Discrete input/output module
– Packaging with switch, klaxon, plus display lamp tree
– Connection to control panel
• Expansion
– Add SCADA to ESD at negligible cost
32
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
33. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #2
Remote ESD for Oil Platform in Gulf
Things at the surface can drop onto sea floor pipelines
33
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
34. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #2
Remote ESD for Oil Platform in Gulf
• Success
– Operational upon initial installation, continuous operation
– Simple to operate, intuitive.
– Reliable. Now hard-wired to control panel circuits.
– Satellite signal limited by extreme weather.
• Expansion
– Can add I/O modules for telemetry on both ends of links;
negligible cost.
34
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
35. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #3
Expansion of 4-20mA loops
• Problem:
Expansion, low budget, needs more 4-20mA channels
– Requires more 4-20mA channels now
– No budget to replace existing 4-20mA lengthy cable run
– Will require still more channels later
– Discrete contact requirement arising
• Ethernet cable upgrade
– Available in the future, not now
– Does not want to waste investment in temporary data
concentrator when Ethernet cable becomes available in the
future
35
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
36. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #3
Expansion of 4-20 loops
• Solution
• Data Concentrator
– MODBUS RTU communications at module each site
– AIM each output; AOM each output
– DIM each discrete input; ROM each discrete output
– Increase number of I/O modules, as desired
– Increase pairs of data concentrators
• Use existing twisted pair cable
– Use one twisted pair to carry ‘all’ channels between data
concentrators
36
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
37. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #3
Expansion of 4-20mA loops
• Data Concentrator on a Peer-to-Peer network
– Originally MODBUS Communications Link
– Currently Ethernet Communications Link
37
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
38. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #3
Expansion of 4-20mA loops
Success
• Use data concentrators to collect all 4-20mA loops and
convert to digital communications.
– Increased number of analog channels, and also easily adds
discrete channels
– Only one twisted pair required
– Recreate signal at distant site with no degrading of analog signal
(since communication is digital)
• Low cost Ethernet upgrade
– Swap only the MIM for an EIM communications module
– All other modules are same
38
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
39. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #4
Wireless HART, MODBUS RTU & TCP/IP
Problem:
• Multiple tasks, need to optimize
– Tank farm, Wireless HART; multiple sensors, cable expenses
– Closed loop room; add sensors, valves plus data concentrator
– Host control room—long distance communication link
• Different communications media and protocol
– Wireless Hart; radio
– Data concentrator; analog/discrete I/O; programming
– MODBUS
• Need protocol converters
– Wireless Hart to MODBUS RTU slave
– MODBUS RTU master; control loop; MODBUS TCP slave
39
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
40. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study #4
Wireless HART, MODBUS RTU & TCP/IP
40
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
41. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
“Our View” - Market Trend with Ethernet
1. MODBUS/TCP
- MODBUS packets encapsulated in TCP/IP frames
Reason: Everyone knows MODBUS, open protocol,
and already supported worldwide
2. Ethernet/IP
- “Industrial Protocol”, Rockwell released to ODVA
(Open DeviceNet Vendor Association)
Reason: Open, supports common publisher/subscriber
method of comm., section of protocol already supported
in open DeviceNet. Uses CIP (Common Industrial Protocol)
for real time control.
3. OPC
-OLE for Process Control. Uses Microsoft’s COM/DCOM/
.NET standards for open comm.
Reason: OPC can run over any physical medium and is an
open, free of charge protocol that both hardware vendors
and software vendors have access to. Many supported
development tools. Strong backing by OPC Foundation.
41
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
42. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
Market Trend with Ethernet Cont’d
4. HSE
- High Speed Ethernet Foundation Fieldbus protocol
over Ethernet.
Reason: Open protocol, and large organized support
base by Foundation Fieldbus vendors and FF org.
5. Profinet
- Profibus Trade Organization’s answer to open
communications. It is NOT Profibus over Ethernet!!!
Reason: Strong backing by PTO. Can use 802.3 layer
but not restricted to this layer. Can run over modems,
WAN’s, VPN’s, as long as it uses TCP/IP addressing.
6. CIP
- Common Industrial Protocol is being promoted by
ODVA (Open Device Vendors Association). Uses a Producer
consumer network philosophy for real time control applications.
42
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org
43. Copyright 2010 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
Questions?
BSC
Engineering
Thank You!
43
Distributed with permission of author(s) by ISA 2010 Presented at ISA Automation Week 2010; http://www.isa.org