nursing education

1. Audio Visual Aids- Black
board and Flash cards

2. Principles of Selection of AV aids
 Principle of selection
 Principle of preparation
 Principle of handling
 Principle of presentation
 Principle of response
 Principle of evaluation

4. Audio visual Aids- Definition
 Audio visual aids are those sensory objects or images
which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning.

5. Classification of Audio- visual aids
Projected aids
Non projected aids

6. AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
Projected AV aids Non Projected
Graphic Aids Display boards 3-D aids Audio aids
1. Film projector 1.Graphs 1.Black board 1. Models 1.Radio
2. Film strips/film strip
projector
2. Diagrams 2.Roll up board 2. Objects 2.Tape Recorder
3.Slides/slide projector 3. Posters 3.Peg board 3. Specimen 3. Public Address
system
4.Over Head Projector 4. Charts 4.Flannel board 4.Puppets
5. Television 5. Flash cards 5.Magnetic
board
6.LCD Projector
7.DLP projector(Digital
Light Processing)

7. BLACK BOARD

8. Black board
 It was the most commonly used AV aid
 It gives motivation and gives instructions concrete and
understandable
 The teacher can illustrate his/her lesson
 The lesson can be phased and summarized in the right
manner

9. Black board
 Questions and problems can be listed.
 Pupil’s interest in class work can be stimulated
 It provides a lot of space for decorative and creative
work.
 A teacher can review the whole lesson

10. Types of Black board
 Fixed
 Portable

11. Black board on an Easel

12. Fixed Black board

13. Roll up black board

14. Green board

15. Characteristics of black board
 Surface- rough
 Dull- to eliminate glare
 The writing should be easily eliminated with duster
 The chalk board should be mounted on an appropriate
height within the reach of teacher and visibility of
students

16. Skills involved in the effective use of
blackboard
 Do not write everything on the blackboard
 The most convenient position to stand is the L side of
the board which allows you to turn from the black
board towards the students
 Write in sequence as head line and sub lines

17. Skills involved in the effective use of
blackboard
 There should be equal gaps between the words and
letters should be of equal size and broad
 The margin space for the top and bottom should be
equal
 Try to keep 2/3 part for drawing

18. Skills involved in the effective use of
blackboard
 Never use fingers in place of duster
 Use duster from top to bottom and again top to bottom
by lifting rather rubbing to avoid dust
 Write in straight rows starting at the top corner
 Avoid abbreviation
 Plan ahead what you write in advance

19. Skills involved in the effective use of
blackboard
 Boards are cleaned after each class
 Do not talk as you write
 Face the group after writing and continue discussion
 Extreme lower corners should not be used
 Use coloured chalks

20. Points to remember while using
blackboard
 Blackboard should be kept clean
 Writing on the blackboard should be legible
 Letters and drawings should be large enough to be seen
from all parts of the room
 Writing should be started from top left corner
 Writing should be in straight rows

21. Points to remember while using
blackboard Continues..
 Material on the blackboard should not be covered by
standing in front of it
 Only salient points of subject matter should be written
on the blackboard
 Extreme lower corner of blackboard should not be
made use of as writing on it

22. Points to remember while using
blackboard continues..
 It should be ensured that blackboard is well-lit by
natural or artificial means
 Occasionally students may be asked to write or
draw diagram on the blackboard
 Teacher should ensure that the class is attentive
while writing on the blackboard
 Everything required for the blackboard should be
got together before the class begins

23. Points to remember while using
blackboard Continues..
 Duster should be used for cleaning the blackboard
 Teachers should develop the ability to draw freely on
the blackboard.
 It should be ensured that the blackboard is periodically
serviced

24. Advantages
 It is useful for group teaching
 It is economical and can be used over and again
 It captures attention
 It can be used for drill and revision
 It can be used for drawings and illustrations from
the text book

25. Limitations
 It does not care for the individual needs of the students
 it makes chalk to spread and inhaled by the teacher and
students
 Constant use of the board makes it smooth and glare

26. FLASH CARDS

27. FLASH CARDS
 Flash cards is an aid liberally used in language lessons,
especially in the lower classes.
 This facilitates immediate feedback of comprehension and
skill in silent reading.
 The card containing reading material is exhibited for few
seconds only.
 The flash card indicate its use as if in a flash.

28. FLASH CARDS
 Flash cards are small cards of generally 25*30 cm in size
which are shown for a few moments before the class to
send across a message or impart an idea.
 Flash cards would be used along with other graphic aids
to make the lesson effective.

29. Preparation of flash cards
 Cut a chart paper and cut it into four equal parts.
 Write the content on it either in the free hand or using
stencils and sketch pens
 Height of the writing on the flash card is to be large
enough so that the whole class can see the flash card
properly

30. Using the flash cards
 Give brief introduction to the students
 Flash the cards in front of the class by holding it high
with both your hands so that all students can see it.
 Add more information to the student responses

31. Structure
 They consists of a series of cards approximately 10*12
inches each with an illustration pertaining to a topic
 The flash cards and the pictures should be large enough
for a group of 30-50
 The number of cards should be 10-12

32. GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF FLASH
CARDS
 Topic and the content to be displayed should be
carefully planned
 Illustrations in the flash cards should be simple
 The number of cards should not exceed 10-12
 The size of the group should not be more than 40
 Arrange the cards in the proper sequence

33. GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF FLASH
CARDS
 Display the cards in congruent with the content
 Hold the cards and turn towards different parts of the
group and ensure it viewed by all members in the group
 Significant points should be pointed out
 Look at the cards while the concept is explained from
the card
 Involve the audience in discussion.

34. Advantages
 The flash cards can be used to introduce and present
the topics
 Flash cards can be used to review the topic
 Flash cards can be used to develop cognitive abilities of
recognition and recall of students

35. Disadvantages
 Time consuming to make and review
 Flash cards encourage rote learning
 They can overburden the brain with too much
information