Autonomous Cars

1. A presentation on
AUTONOMUS CARS

2. CONTENTS
 Introductions
 Definition
 Technology Used
 Vehicular Communications
 Working
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Code
 Setup
 Result
 Conclusions

3. INTRODUCTION
 Autonomus car is an automated or autonomus vehicle capble of fulfilling the main
transportation capabilities of a tradtional car without human input.
 Suggested by Forbes magazine as one of the Five Most Distriptive Innovation of
2015.
 Autonomus vehicles have enormous potential to allow for more product use of a
time spent in a vehicle and to reduce crashes , cost of congestion,energy
comsumption, and pollution.
 Self-Driving Autonomous vehicle is a transport medium without any human
intervention. The title itself is enough to acknowledge the core concept .Every
mighty company like Google, Amazon are working on this project. Both of these
are autonomous making use of machine learning algorithm

4. DEFINATION
 Autonomus means having the power of self-government.
 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has created a five-
level hierarchy to help clarify the concept of autonomous vehicles.

5. TECHNOLOGY USED
 Various technologies work in conjunction with each other to make a car
autonomous.
 Arduino Uno
 Ping Sensor (Ultrasonic sensors)
 DC Motor

6. Arduino Uno
 Arduino is open-source hardware.
 Arduino is a PC equipment and programming organization, venture, and client
group that outlines and produces microcontroller units for building
computerized gadgets and intelligent articles that can detect and control
protests in the physical world.
 Arduino projects might be composed in any programming dialect with a
compiler that produces binary machine code.

7. Ping Sensor
 Ultrasonic sensors (otherwise called handsets when they
both send and get, however for the most part called
transducers) chip away at a guideline like radar or sonar
which assess properties of an objective by translating the
echoes from radio or sound waves individually.
 Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the
signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to
an object.

8. DC Motor
 A DC engine's speed can be controlled over a wide range,
utilizing either a variable supply voltage or by changing the
quality of current in its field windings.

9. Vehicular Automation
 Vehicular automation involves the use of
Mechatronics, Artificial Intelligence ,Multi-agent
system to assist a vehicle's operator
 These features and the vehicles employing them may be labeled as
intelligent or smart.
 A vehicle using automation for difficult tasks, especially navigation, may be
referred to as semi-autonomous.

10. WORKING
 This is an autonomous car that we built for a robotics class. It is designed to
avoid obstacles with an ultrasonic sensor and activate LED lights when the
obstacles are detected and avoided.
 The code used to make the car detect obstacles. There is another LED light that
activates when lights are off. To make the front lights blink and have the reverse
lights activate when backing up, uncomment the commented sections, however
this may break something else in the code.
 The Autonomous vehicle with a microcontroller is all about making decision on
its own without any human intervention. The brain of the robot will be Arduino.

11. ADVANTAGES
 The use of microcontroller Arduino makes the project unique and effective.
 The autonomous vehicle thus designed can handle any kind of obstacles on road. The
DC motors used in this model helps the system in providing higher starting torque and
fairly constant speed.To avoid accidents .
 An autonomous vehicle thus designed can handle any kind of obstacles on road.

12. DISAVANTAGES
 If the vehicle is using internet which is have less security then From the hackers point of
view in some cases the vehicle can be switched off on the road(in rare cases)
 Hackers can change the route which is plotted in the system(in rare cases)
 In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the vehicle can create a chance of
accident

13. This is the code used to make the car detect obstacles :
CODE :
#define trigPin 12
#define echoPin 13
int n;
int duration, distance;
String readString;
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo1; // create servo object to control servo
Servo myservo2;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
myservo1.attach(8); // assigns the servo to a pin
myservo2.attach(9);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

14. This is the code used to make the car detect obstacles :
SETUP AND COMPONENTS:
Jumper wires
Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04
Arduino UNO
gear motors
diy rover kit
LED (generic)

15. Shows how to wire the bread board :
SCHEMATICS

16. RESULT
self driving car run smoothly but accuracy is very low

17. CONCLUSIONS
 The driverless car’s technologies improves vehicle's stability helps to
minimize loss of control.
 Driverless cars are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the main causes of
collisions: driving error, distraction and drowsiness.

18. THANK YOU…