The document discusses automation processes and provides details about: 1) Process automation which involves using computers to help power plants and factories operate more efficiently through monitoring and simulation. 2) The major blocks of process automation systems including microprocessors, controllers, networks, and input/output modules. 3) Business process automation which coordinates tasks across departments and companies through workflow management systems.

1. Automation Process Dhiraj Kumar Jha BCT/062/405 dhirajkumar.jha@hotmail.com

2. Introduction A process control or automation system is used to automatically control a process such as chemical, oil refineries, paper and pulp factories. The PAS often uses a network to interconnect sensors, controllers, operator terminals and actuators. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 2

3. Introduction Process automation involves using computer technology and software engineering to help power plants and factories in industries as diverse as paper, mining and cement operate more efficiently and safely. In process automation, the computer program uses measurements to show not only how the plant is working but to simulate different operating modes and find the optimal strategy for the plant 12/27/2009 dhirajha 3

4. Unique Characteristic A unique characteristic of this software is its ability to "learn" and predict trends, helping speed up the response time to changing conditions. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 4

5. Major blocks of PAS Major blocks of PAS are: microprocessors, micro controllers and microcomputers, multiprocessors, LANs, SCADA, RTU(remote terminal units) and analog and digital I/O modules. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 5

6. Business Process Automation - Coordination Among various field of application of Automation Process, a real and most recent application area is ‘Business’ 12/27/2009 6 dhirajha

7. The complex nature of business processes Business processes such as order processing, procurement, administrative processes etc -are of long duration -involve coordination across manual and automated tasks -(might) require access to several databases -(might) invoke several application systems -governed by complex business rules A typical business process may consist of up to 100 IT transactions 12/27/2009 7 dhirajha

8. Coordination across companies E-commerce Outsourcing Collaboration ... Coordination is needed also outside the company B2B and B2C (business to business and business to consumer) 12/27/2009 8 dhirajha

9. A business process/ work flow management system Tasks and sub processes Business rules enforced through branch logic Resources/Roles Expected Exceptions 4.bp.blogspot.com The BPMS/WFMS coordinates the step execution and monitors and records history (-> audit trail). This leads to elimination of transport times, the automation of routing decisions and the monitoring of deadlines 12/27/2009 9 dhirajha

10. Business process types Not all business processes are supported by process management systems. We can categorize business processes according to two dimensions (Dayal, Hsu and Ladin 2001): Task automation (application vs. human?) Process structure (structured or unstructured procedures?) 12/27/2009 10 dhirajha

11. Task automation Application centric Performed automatically by an application , typically a component of an ERP system Human centric Manual tasks involving human judgement, manual information gathering, or manual processing of desktop documents 12/27/2009 11 dhirajha

12. Task structure Highly structured Strict business rules, sequence of tasks (routing) are predetermined Semi structured Part of the business rules are predetermined, others are modified on the fly (a.k.a ad hoc processes) Unstructured No repeatable patterns, rules, sequences and participants often have to meet to perform the tasks 12/27/2009 12 dhirajha

13. Process Life Cycle Business Process Management 9 1 8 3 6 7 2 4 5 12/27/2009 13 dhirajha

14. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 14 Inter-enterprise process management “...to dynamically form and dismantle partnerships between organisations, enabling parts of their business processes to be performed for each other as a service.” (Hoffner et al. 2001) Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Break application into modules Each module with a well defined function and interface Possible to re-use modules Modules offered as services (the same idea as in object oriented programming)

15. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 15 What do we need? Agreement over process description and the data to be exchanged A library of common standard processes must exist to collaborate with a large number of partners Independent of underlying hardware and software (programming language) Standard data and a way to describe where to find the service

16. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 16 Web Services svn.apache.org

17. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 17 Process Control through WFMS Data on workflow provides opportunities for improving process efficiency in real time or ex-post analysis Status checks (passive monitoring) Generation of reports for overdue work/or work that is likely to be overdue Audit trail data compared to target measures derived from model/historical data/benchmark

18. 12/27/2009 dhirajha 18 Challenges Better exception handling for unexpected exceptions More flexibility in designing/changing workflows New roles in organizations for maintaining and monitoring ...

19. Refrences http://www.google.com.np http://www.4.bp.blogspot.com http://www.svn.apache.org www.scribd.com www.iit.co.in/delhi www.iit.co.in/mumbai www. wikipedia.com www.slideshare.net www.scribd.com 12/27/2009 dhirajha 19

20. Some snapshots from my friendDivision of Manufacturing Processes and Automation Engineering

21. CAD/CAM/CAE Lab

23. FMS Lab

25. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Lab

27. KDM Lab

29. METROLOGY Lab

31. AM/FM Lab

33. MATERIAL TESTING Lab

35. Machine Shop

36. Fitting Shop