1) The document discusses automating interaction testing using UML sequence diagrams. Sequence diagrams can be used to specify tests by capturing message exchanges between objects.
2) An add-in for Enterprise Architect was created to generate JUnit test code from sequence diagrams. This allows modeling object interactions and automatically generating black-box and internal behavior tests.
3) The generated tests execute the specified method calls and parameter checks, as well as validating object creations and returns. Exceptions can also be tested. This provides a lightweight yet effective way to model and test object interactions.
This document contains a Java practical file belonging to Rachit Gupta, an MCA student. It consists of 16 programs of varying complexity written in Java, along with the output of each program. The programs cover topics such as calculating the square root of a number, finding the perimeter of a rectangle, calculating percentage of marks, and generating an electric bill based on units consumed. The file is a submission of Rachit Gupta's Java practical assignments for his 4th semester MCA course at the University of Jammu.
Java is an object-oriented programming language created by James Gosling. It was originally called Oak but was later renamed to Java. The document discusses the different editions of Java including J2SE, J2EE, and J2ME. It also covers key Java technologies like applets, servlets, JSP, and Swing. The document provides an overview of Java features such as being platform independent, portable, multi-threaded, and having a Java Virtual Machine. It also discusses concepts like inheritance, interfaces, packages, exceptions, and input/output in Java.
The document discusses various object-oriented programming concepts in Java including inheritance, subclasses, overriding methods, constructors, and modifiers for classes, variables, constructors, and methods. It provides examples to demonstrate inheritance hierarchies, accessing variables and methods from superclasses, constructor invocation order, abstract classes, and usage of access modifiers like public, private, and protected.
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1995. It allows software to run on any device that supports Java Virtual Machine (JVM), making it platform independent. The core Java technologies include Applets, Servlets, JSP, Swing, EJB, JDBC, Struts, Hibernate, and Spring. Java supports concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction through classes and interfaces. It also allows overriding methods for inheritance and implements interfaces for multiple inheritance.
1. Functional interfaces in Java have a single abstract method that needs to be implemented. Common examples are Callable and Predicate.
2. Callable defines a call() method that can be implemented by a class, anonymous class, or method reference. Predicate defines a test() method for boolean questions.
3. Predicate has default and static helper methods like negate(), and(), or() that allow combining predicates in logical operations.
This document provides examples and explanations of various Java programming concepts including control statements, loops, methods and keywords. It discusses if-else statements, for loops, while loops, do-while loops, break and continue statements, switch statements, methods, return keyword and more. Examples are provided for each concept to demonstrate their usage and output.
Automatic assessment of code to support education is an important feature of many programming learning platforms. Unit testing frameworks can be used to perform a systematic functional test of codes; they are mainly used by developers. Competition graders can be used to safely execute code in sandboxed environments; they are mainly used for programming contests. This paper proposes a platform combining the advantages of unit testing and competition graders to provide a unit testing-based grader. The proposed platform assesses codes and produces relevant and "intelligent" feedbacks to support learning. The paper presents the architecture of the platform and how the unit tests are designed.
This document contains a Java practical file belonging to Rachit Gupta, an MCA student. It consists of 16 programs of varying complexity written in Java, along with the output of each program. The programs cover topics such as calculating the square root of a number, finding the perimeter of a rectangle, calculating percentage of marks, and generating an electric bill based on units consumed. The file is a submission of Rachit Gupta's Java practical assignments for his 4th semester MCA course at the University of Jammu.
Java is an object-oriented programming language created by James Gosling. It was originally called Oak but was later renamed to Java. The document discusses the different editions of Java including J2SE, J2EE, and J2ME. It also covers key Java technologies like applets, servlets, JSP, and Swing. The document provides an overview of Java features such as being platform independent, portable, multi-threaded, and having a Java Virtual Machine. It also discusses concepts like inheritance, interfaces, packages, exceptions, and input/output in Java.
The document discusses various object-oriented programming concepts in Java including inheritance, subclasses, overriding methods, constructors, and modifiers for classes, variables, constructors, and methods. It provides examples to demonstrate inheritance hierarchies, accessing variables and methods from superclasses, constructor invocation order, abstract classes, and usage of access modifiers like public, private, and protected.
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1995. It allows software to run on any device that supports Java Virtual Machine (JVM), making it platform independent. The core Java technologies include Applets, Servlets, JSP, Swing, EJB, JDBC, Struts, Hibernate, and Spring. Java supports concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction through classes and interfaces. It also allows overriding methods for inheritance and implements interfaces for multiple inheritance.
1. Functional interfaces in Java have a single abstract method that needs to be implemented. Common examples are Callable and Predicate.
2. Callable defines a call() method that can be implemented by a class, anonymous class, or method reference. Predicate defines a test() method for boolean questions.
3. Predicate has default and static helper methods like negate(), and(), or() that allow combining predicates in logical operations.
This document provides examples and explanations of various Java programming concepts including control statements, loops, methods and keywords. It discusses if-else statements, for loops, while loops, do-while loops, break and continue statements, switch statements, methods, return keyword and more. Examples are provided for each concept to demonstrate their usage and output.
Automatic assessment of code to support education is an important feature of many programming learning platforms. Unit testing frameworks can be used to perform a systematic functional test of codes; they are mainly used by developers. Competition graders can be used to safely execute code in sandboxed environments; they are mainly used for programming contests. This paper proposes a platform combining the advantages of unit testing and competition graders to provide a unit testing-based grader. The proposed platform assesses codes and produces relevant and "intelligent" feedbacks to support learning. The paper presents the architecture of the platform and how the unit tests are designed.
The document provides the syllabus for a Java lab course. It outlines 11 programming assignments that students must complete, including developing classes for rational numbers, dates, Lisp-like lists, stacks, vehicles, currency conversion, and a scientific calculator. It provides sample code and algorithms for implementing a rational number class, date class, Lisp list operations, stack data structure using arrays and linked lists, vehicle class hierarchy demonstrating polymorphism, currency classes for serialization, and a basic calculator using event-driven GUI programming.
The document provides details of programs to be implemented in C++ and Java as part of an Object Oriented Programming lab. The C++ programs include implementations of inline function overloading, complex numbers using operator overloading, friend functions, string concatenation using dynamic memory allocation, type conversion using complex numbers, managing bank accounts using inheritance, and a stack class with exception handling. The Java programs include writing simple programs, palindrome checking using strings, interfaces, inheritance, exception handling, and multithreaded programs.
SoCal Code Camp 2015: An introduction to Java 8Chaitanya Ganoo
Java 8 introduced cool new features such as Lambdas and Streams. We'll take a look at what they are how to use them effectively. We'll also walkthrough an example of a lightweight Java 8 service running in AWS cloud, which can read and index tweets into an ElasticSearch cluster
The document provides information on arrays in Java programming:
1. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type in a single variable through contiguous memory locations. One-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays are covered.
2. Sample code is provided to demonstrate declaring and initializing a one-dimensional integer array, calculating the sum of elements, and accepting input from the user to populate the array.
3. Another sample shows transposing a 2D array, with code to input values, store the original and transposed arrays, and output the transposed array.
Exercises are provided before, during and after the lab session to practice array concepts.
This document contains Java code snippets for various mathematical and logical programs, including programs to:
- Add, subtract, multiply, and divide two numbers
- Check if a number is even or odd
- Find the factorial of a number recursively and using a while loop
- Determine if a number is prime
- Calculate the roots of a quadratic equation
- Convert a binary number to decimal
The document provides over 20 code examples of common programming problems and their solutions in Java.
The document provides examples of various Java programming concepts like displaying messages, using control structures like if-else, for loops, methods, constructors, access specifiers, static variables and more. It shows how to write simple Java programs to print messages, integers, use conditional and looping statements. It also explains concepts like default and parameterized constructors, static and non-static methods, different access specifiers and their usage. The examples help learn how different Java features can be used to develop programs with classes, objects and methods.
The document contains a sample code with multiple questions and answers related to Java programming. The questions cover topics like arrays, exceptions, object-oriented programming concepts, and more. The provided code snippets have compilation errors, runtime exceptions or produce specific output. The correct answers are explained to assess the understanding of Java programming concepts.
(chapter 3) A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in...Frank Nielsen
These are the slides accompanying the textbook:
A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in Java
by Frank Nielsen
Published by Springer-Verlag (2009), Undergraduate textbook in computer science (UTiCS series)
ISBN: 978-1-84882-338-9
http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~nielsen/JavaProgramming/
http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-84882-339-6
This document contains a list of Java programming lab assignments with questions ranging from basic programming concepts like variables, conditionals, loops, methods and classes to more advanced topics like inheritance, abstraction, polymorphism and exceptions. Some questions involve writing simple programs to calculate things like pay, time conversions or name formatting while others require designing classes and relationships between them. The assignments cover core Java programming techniques and principles.
Measurement .Net Performance with BenchmarkDotNetVasyl Senko
This document discusses using BenchmarkDotNet to measure .NET performance. It provides an overview of profiling vs benchmarking vs microbenchmarking and best practices for benchmarking. It then demonstrates how to install BenchmarkDotNet, design a benchmark, analyze results, and configure columns, jobs, and diagnosers. Key aspects of how BenchmarkDotNet works and useful statistics and tools it provides are also summarized.
The document contains a list of 40 Java interview questions related to core Java, servlets, and JSP. The questions cover topics such as default array values, declaring and initializing arrays, Java keywords, if/else conditions, switch statements, loops, strings, wrappers, methods, threads, JDBC, servlet scopes, servlet lifecycle methods, differences between servlets and JSPs, implicit objects in JSP, and JSP directives.
The Hidden Face of Cost-Based Optimizer: PL/SQL Specific StatisticsMichael Rosenblum
Database statistics are not limited to tables, columns, and indexes. PL/SQL functions also have a number of associated statistics, namely costs (CPU, I/O, network), selectivity, and cardinality (for functions that return collections). These statistics have default values that only somewhat represent reality. However, these values are always used by Oracle's cost-based optimizer to build execution plans. This session uses real-life examples to illustrate how properly managed PL/SQL statistics can significantly improve executions plans. It also demonstrates that Oracle's extensible optimizer is flexible enough to support packaged functions.
The document contains questions and multiple choice answers about C# programming concepts.
Question 6 identifies a problem in a code snippet where a delegate is declared to accept a string parameter, but the methods passed to it do not. The correct code fixes this by removing the string parameter from the methods.
Question 20 asks which code snippet would correctly overload the unary minus operator to negate the values of two integer properties. The correct code negates the property values directly rather than using decrement operators.
Operator overloading allows operators like +, -, *, etc. to be used with user-defined types by defining specific method implementations. It enables operations on user-defined classes to behave similarly to built-in types. The document provides examples of overloading unary and binary operators in C# classes to change the sign of a number and add two calculator objects respectively. It also discusses the different operators that can and cannot be overloaded and how to define the operator overloading methods with the correct return types and parameters.
Learn about the basic fundamentals of java and important for the different company's interview. Topics like JRE, JDK, Java Keywords, Primitive DataTypes, Types of Variables, Logical, Shift and Bitwise Operator working, Command Line Argument, Handling Arrays, Array Copy, and different programs and output based programs.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It contains 13 multiple choice questions about exception handling concepts like try/catch blocks, exception hierarchies, and finally blocks. The questions cover topics such as determining the output of code samples using exceptions, identifying the exceptions that can be caught or declared in method signatures, and understanding exception propagation.
The document provides instructions for building an Android app that makes an API call to GitHub to retrieve a list of Java developers in Nairobi. It retrieves the data using Volley, parses the JSON response, and displays the developer names, images, and URLs in a RecyclerView with CardViews. It also describes how to set up an adapter to connect the data to the RecyclerView items, create a model class to store the developer data, and add a click handler to launch a profile activity with more details when an item is tapped.
The document outlines a Java programming practical course covering various Java concepts and programs. It includes 40 practical programs to be completed ranging from basic programs to find area of a circle, factorial of a number to more advanced programs involving OOP concepts like inheritance, abstraction, exception handling and multithreading. It also provides the evaluation and marking scheme for the practical exam.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, variables, methods, constructors, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines classes and objects, and describes how classes act as blueprints for objects. It explains the syntax for defining classes and class members like variables and methods. It also covers method overloading, different types of methods, and how constructors are used to initialize objects. The document concludes with brief explanations of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism as fundamental principles of object-oriented design.
Advances in Unit Testing: Theory and PracticeTao Xie
Here are the key steps to specify and test the IntSet class using Pex:
1. Define the IntSet class with the required methods like insert, member, remove.
2. Add the [PexClass] attribute to the class to enable Pex testing.
3. Add [PexMethod] attributes to the methods you want Pex to generate tests for, like insert and member.
4. Within the test methods, use PexAssume to specify preconditions and PexAssert to specify postconditions.
5. Run Pex by building the project. Pex will generate test inputs to cover different paths in the code and validate assumptions/assertions.
6. Ex
This document provides an introduction to test-driven development (TDD) using FlexUnit, an ActionScript unit testing framework. It discusses the benefits of TDD including enforcing modular design and simplifying integration testing. It then demonstrates a basic "Hello World" example of creating a Calculator class and corresponding test case class with a single test method to test the add() method. The key components of a test case class like setup, teardown, and annotation of test methods are also outlined.
The document provides the syllabus for a Java lab course. It outlines 11 programming assignments that students must complete, including developing classes for rational numbers, dates, Lisp-like lists, stacks, vehicles, currency conversion, and a scientific calculator. It provides sample code and algorithms for implementing a rational number class, date class, Lisp list operations, stack data structure using arrays and linked lists, vehicle class hierarchy demonstrating polymorphism, currency classes for serialization, and a basic calculator using event-driven GUI programming.
The document provides details of programs to be implemented in C++ and Java as part of an Object Oriented Programming lab. The C++ programs include implementations of inline function overloading, complex numbers using operator overloading, friend functions, string concatenation using dynamic memory allocation, type conversion using complex numbers, managing bank accounts using inheritance, and a stack class with exception handling. The Java programs include writing simple programs, palindrome checking using strings, interfaces, inheritance, exception handling, and multithreaded programs.
SoCal Code Camp 2015: An introduction to Java 8Chaitanya Ganoo
Java 8 introduced cool new features such as Lambdas and Streams. We'll take a look at what they are how to use them effectively. We'll also walkthrough an example of a lightweight Java 8 service running in AWS cloud, which can read and index tweets into an ElasticSearch cluster
The document provides information on arrays in Java programming:
1. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type in a single variable through contiguous memory locations. One-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays are covered.
2. Sample code is provided to demonstrate declaring and initializing a one-dimensional integer array, calculating the sum of elements, and accepting input from the user to populate the array.
3. Another sample shows transposing a 2D array, with code to input values, store the original and transposed arrays, and output the transposed array.
Exercises are provided before, during and after the lab session to practice array concepts.
This document contains Java code snippets for various mathematical and logical programs, including programs to:
- Add, subtract, multiply, and divide two numbers
- Check if a number is even or odd
- Find the factorial of a number recursively and using a while loop
- Determine if a number is prime
- Calculate the roots of a quadratic equation
- Convert a binary number to decimal
The document provides over 20 code examples of common programming problems and their solutions in Java.
The document provides examples of various Java programming concepts like displaying messages, using control structures like if-else, for loops, methods, constructors, access specifiers, static variables and more. It shows how to write simple Java programs to print messages, integers, use conditional and looping statements. It also explains concepts like default and parameterized constructors, static and non-static methods, different access specifiers and their usage. The examples help learn how different Java features can be used to develop programs with classes, objects and methods.
The document contains a sample code with multiple questions and answers related to Java programming. The questions cover topics like arrays, exceptions, object-oriented programming concepts, and more. The provided code snippets have compilation errors, runtime exceptions or produce specific output. The correct answers are explained to assess the understanding of Java programming concepts.
(chapter 3) A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in...Frank Nielsen
These are the slides accompanying the textbook:
A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in Java
by Frank Nielsen
Published by Springer-Verlag (2009), Undergraduate textbook in computer science (UTiCS series)
ISBN: 978-1-84882-338-9
http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~nielsen/JavaProgramming/
http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-84882-339-6
This document contains a list of Java programming lab assignments with questions ranging from basic programming concepts like variables, conditionals, loops, methods and classes to more advanced topics like inheritance, abstraction, polymorphism and exceptions. Some questions involve writing simple programs to calculate things like pay, time conversions or name formatting while others require designing classes and relationships between them. The assignments cover core Java programming techniques and principles.
Measurement .Net Performance with BenchmarkDotNetVasyl Senko
This document discusses using BenchmarkDotNet to measure .NET performance. It provides an overview of profiling vs benchmarking vs microbenchmarking and best practices for benchmarking. It then demonstrates how to install BenchmarkDotNet, design a benchmark, analyze results, and configure columns, jobs, and diagnosers. Key aspects of how BenchmarkDotNet works and useful statistics and tools it provides are also summarized.
The document contains a list of 40 Java interview questions related to core Java, servlets, and JSP. The questions cover topics such as default array values, declaring and initializing arrays, Java keywords, if/else conditions, switch statements, loops, strings, wrappers, methods, threads, JDBC, servlet scopes, servlet lifecycle methods, differences between servlets and JSPs, implicit objects in JSP, and JSP directives.
The Hidden Face of Cost-Based Optimizer: PL/SQL Specific StatisticsMichael Rosenblum
Database statistics are not limited to tables, columns, and indexes. PL/SQL functions also have a number of associated statistics, namely costs (CPU, I/O, network), selectivity, and cardinality (for functions that return collections). These statistics have default values that only somewhat represent reality. However, these values are always used by Oracle's cost-based optimizer to build execution plans. This session uses real-life examples to illustrate how properly managed PL/SQL statistics can significantly improve executions plans. It also demonstrates that Oracle's extensible optimizer is flexible enough to support packaged functions.
The document contains questions and multiple choice answers about C# programming concepts.
Question 6 identifies a problem in a code snippet where a delegate is declared to accept a string parameter, but the methods passed to it do not. The correct code fixes this by removing the string parameter from the methods.
Question 20 asks which code snippet would correctly overload the unary minus operator to negate the values of two integer properties. The correct code negates the property values directly rather than using decrement operators.
Operator overloading allows operators like +, -, *, etc. to be used with user-defined types by defining specific method implementations. It enables operations on user-defined classes to behave similarly to built-in types. The document provides examples of overloading unary and binary operators in C# classes to change the sign of a number and add two calculator objects respectively. It also discusses the different operators that can and cannot be overloaded and how to define the operator overloading methods with the correct return types and parameters.
Learn about the basic fundamentals of java and important for the different company's interview. Topics like JRE, JDK, Java Keywords, Primitive DataTypes, Types of Variables, Logical, Shift and Bitwise Operator working, Command Line Argument, Handling Arrays, Array Copy, and different programs and output based programs.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It contains 13 multiple choice questions about exception handling concepts like try/catch blocks, exception hierarchies, and finally blocks. The questions cover topics such as determining the output of code samples using exceptions, identifying the exceptions that can be caught or declared in method signatures, and understanding exception propagation.
The document provides instructions for building an Android app that makes an API call to GitHub to retrieve a list of Java developers in Nairobi. It retrieves the data using Volley, parses the JSON response, and displays the developer names, images, and URLs in a RecyclerView with CardViews. It also describes how to set up an adapter to connect the data to the RecyclerView items, create a model class to store the developer data, and add a click handler to launch a profile activity with more details when an item is tapped.
The document outlines a Java programming practical course covering various Java concepts and programs. It includes 40 practical programs to be completed ranging from basic programs to find area of a circle, factorial of a number to more advanced programs involving OOP concepts like inheritance, abstraction, exception handling and multithreading. It also provides the evaluation and marking scheme for the practical exam.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, variables, methods, constructors, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines classes and objects, and describes how classes act as blueprints for objects. It explains the syntax for defining classes and class members like variables and methods. It also covers method overloading, different types of methods, and how constructors are used to initialize objects. The document concludes with brief explanations of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism as fundamental principles of object-oriented design.
Advances in Unit Testing: Theory and PracticeTao Xie
Here are the key steps to specify and test the IntSet class using Pex:
1. Define the IntSet class with the required methods like insert, member, remove.
2. Add the [PexClass] attribute to the class to enable Pex testing.
3. Add [PexMethod] attributes to the methods you want Pex to generate tests for, like insert and member.
4. Within the test methods, use PexAssume to specify preconditions and PexAssert to specify postconditions.
5. Run Pex by building the project. Pex will generate test inputs to cover different paths in the code and validate assumptions/assertions.
6. Ex
This document provides an introduction to test-driven development (TDD) using FlexUnit, an ActionScript unit testing framework. It discusses the benefits of TDD including enforcing modular design and simplifying integration testing. It then demonstrates a basic "Hello World" example of creating a Calculator class and corresponding test case class with a single test method to test the add() method. The key components of a test case class like setup, teardown, and annotation of test methods are also outlined.
Unit testing and integration testing are software testing techniques. Unit testing involves validating individual units or components of code work properly. Integration testing involves combining units and testing them together to find interface defects. An example integration test scenario described combining database scripts, application code, and GUI components developed separately into one system and verifying the interfaces. TestNG is a testing framework that supports features like dependency testing, grouping tests, and parameterization to make testing more powerful than JUnit.
This document provides an overview of compiler design and the first lecture in a compiler design course. It discusses the main components of a compiler including the lexical analyzer, parser, semantic analyzer, intermediate code generator, and target code generator. It provides examples of how a sample Java program is compiled to bytecode. The document also discusses the phases a compiler goes through to analyze, transform, and generate code from a source program. It notes that compilers are typically written in a high-level language and sometimes the same language being compiled. It outlines the course administration including a group compiler project, individual test, and course URL.
The document appears to be a laboratory manual for a Java programming lab course. It includes:
1) An outline of the course syllabus, marks scheme, and lab plan covering topics like classes and objects, inheritance, exceptions, files and more across 10 lab turns.
2) Objectives of the lab to develop understanding of Java concepts like OOPs, packages, strings, files and concurrency.
3) Examples of basic Java programs to print text, calculate area, check prime numbers and generate a number ladder.
This document discusses Java concurrency. It begins with an agenda and then covers key topics like shared state, thread safety, concurrency problems and symptoms, and Java concurrency methods. Facts about processors, caches and memory interactions that can impact concurrency are presented. Examples are provided to illustrate concurrency issues like visibility and atomicity. Common concurrency problems like invalid states and their symptoms are outlined. Finally, Java concurrency methods like thread confinement, immutability, volatile variables, and synchronized are defined and code examples are shown.
Object Oriented Solved Practice Programs C++ ExamsMuhammadTalha436
The question asks to create classes to represent publications, books, and tapes. The Publication class has title and price attributes. The Book class inherits from Publication and adds a noOfPages attribute. The Tape class inherits from Publication and adds a playingTime attribute.
SE2018_Lec 20_ Test-Driven Development (TDD)Amr E. Mohamed
The document discusses test-driven development (TDD) and unit testing. It explains that TDD follows a cycle of writing an initial failing test case, producing just enough code to pass that test, and refactoring the code. Unit testing involves writing test cases for individual classes or functions, using assertions to validate expected outcomes. The JUnit framework is introduced for writing and running unit tests in Java.
This document presents a Hadoop project to analyze stock prices using MapReduce and Hive. The project aims to find the adjusted closing price for stock days without dividends by joining daily stock price and dividend datasets. The technical architecture uses Eclipse, Hadoop, and AWS EC2 for development and clustering. Pseudo code is provided for MapReduce jobs to parse input data and calculate adjusted closing prices for output. The results found adjusted closing prices for 44 records out of 75 total records by removing headers and dividend-only days.
Using xUnit as a Swiss-Aarmy Testing ToolkitChris Oldwood
Modern Unit Testing practices act as a conduit for improved software designs that are more amenable to change and can be easily backed by automation for fast feedback on quality assurance. The necessity of reducing external dependencies forces us to design our modules with minimum coupling which can then be leveraged both at the module, component and subsystem levels in our testing. As we start to integrate our units into larger blocks and interface our resulting components with external systems we find ourselves switching nomenclature as we progress from Unit to Integration testing. But is a change in mindset and tooling really required?
The xUnit testing framework is commonly perceived as an aid to Unit Testing but the constraints that it imposes on the architecture mean that it is an excellent mechanism for invoking arbitrary code in a restricted context. Tests can be partitioned by categorisation at the test and fixture level and through physical packaging leading to a flexible test code structure. Throw in its huge popularity and you have a simplified learning curve for expressing more that just unit tests.
Using scenarios from his current system Chris aims to show how you can use a similar format and tooling for unit, component and integration level tests; albeit with a few liberties taken to work around the inherent differences with each methodology.
Java 8 was released in 2014 and introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, method references, and default methods in interfaces. It also included a new Stream API for functional-style data processing, a date/time API, and Project Nashorn for embedding JavaScript in Java applications. Future versions like Java 9 will focus on modularity, new APIs, and further improvements.
Static analysis: Around Java in 60 minutesAndrey Karpov
Theory
Code quality (bugs, vulnerabilities)
Methodologies of code protection against defects
Code Review
Static analysis and everything related to it
Tools
Existing tools of static analysis
SonarQube
PVS-Studio for Java what is it?
Several detected examples of code with defects
More about static analysis
Conclusions
The document discusses unit testing in Grails using the Spock testing framework. It covers the basics of unit testing including goals, advantages, and challenges. It then provides an overview of Spock and examples of writing unit tests in Spock including mocking methods, domains, configurations, and dependencies. The document also discusses how to write unit tests for controllers and integration tests in Grails using Spock.
The document provides an introduction to JUnit and Mockito frameworks for testing in Java. It covers key topics such as:
- What JUnit and Mockito are and how they are used for testing Java code
- Common JUnit annotations like @Test and how to structure test classes
- How to make assertions in JUnit tests to validate expected outcomes
- How to use Mockito to mock dependencies and define stubbed behavior
- Hands-on examples are provided to demonstrate writing tests with JUnit and Mockito
The document discusses unit testing using the Spock framework. It begins with an introduction to unit testing and its benefits. It then provides an overview of Spock, explaining that it is a unit testing framework that utilizes Groovy syntax to make tests easy to write and read. The document gives examples of test structure in Spock using sections like given, when, then. It also demonstrates how to create mocks, check interactions with mocks, match invocations, check execution order, manage exceptions, and use features like shared variables and stubbing. Overall, the summary introduces Spock and provides examples of key features to illustrate how to write unit tests using this framework.
Automatic Migration of Legacy Java Method Implementations to InterfacesRaffi Khatchadourian
Java 8 is one of the largest upgrades to the popular language and framework in over a decade. In this talk, I will first overview several new, key features of Java 8 that can help make programs easier to read, write, and maintain, especially in regards to collections. These features include Lambda Expressions, the Stream API, and enhanced interfaces, many of which help bridge the gap between functional and imperative programming paradigms and allow for succinct concurrency implementations. Next, I will discuss several open issues related to automatically migrating (refactoring) legacy Java software to use such features correctly, efficiently, and as completely as possible. Solving these problems will help developers to maximally understand and adopt these new features thus improving their software.
A short introduction (with many examples) to the Scala programming language and also an introduction to using the Play! Framework for modern, safe, efffcient and reactive web applications.
The document discusses functional programming and lambda expressions in Java 8. It begins by defining functional programming and predicates from predicate logic. It then discusses the key properties of functional programming including no states, passing control, single large function, and no cycles. The document provides examples of determining if a number is prime in both imperative and declarative styles using Java 8 lambda expressions. It also provides examples of getting the first doubled number greater than 3 from a list using both declarative and imperative approaches. The examples demonstrate the use of streams, filters, maps and other functional operations.
Similar to Automating Interaction Testing with UML Sequence Diagrams: Where TDD and UML meet (20)
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Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
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Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
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Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
2. The problem
2
The development of computer-based UML (OO)
design models used as documentation only
is time consuming
the result is often wrong
the result soon becomes outdated
This is a concern both for
Educators/students: effective teaching/learning OOD
Professionals: cost-effective & agile development of
high-quality software
3. Possible solutions
3
Not using UML
Paper/hand drawings
Fast, but difficult to verify and maintain
Good for initial thinking
Reverse engineering (from code to models)
Fast, ensures consistency, difficult to abstract details away
May be good for documenting but not doing the design
Automatic code/test generation from models (MDD/MBT)
Time invested can be recovered
The quality of the models can be checked and improved
There is a good chance that they are kept up-to-date
All 3 important, can be used in combination, focus here on the last one
4. What UML diagrams? (1/2)
4
Focus here is in detailed/OOD (classes)
Not architectural design (components, etc.)
Structure/syntax: class diagrams
Generation of compile-ready class skeletons
supported by most UML tools
A limited but successful form of MDD
5. What UML diagrams? (2/2)
5
Behavior/semantics: sequence diagrams first
Captures the essence of object behavior: message
exchange among objects
Nice fit for iterative dev. of use cases/scenarios/user stories
Simple completeness/done/consistency criteria wrt class
diagrams: using all classes and public methods
Good for specifying gray-box tests (unit & interaction):
instead of full heavy-weight behavior spec,
partial light-weight behavior spec through test specs
Need tools for generating test code (e.g., xUnit) from
sequence diagrams
Check that interactions among objects occur as specified
A limited but viable form of MBT
6. The proposed solution
6
4 Complete method bodies (code)
Enterprise Architect
(EA) code generator Java Classes
UML Class Uses Java
(compile ready,
Diagrams empty methods)
Libraries
2
1
6 refactor
design Traces execution
Tests
7 iterate of methods & constructors
1 2 New
Add-in for EA
UML Test generator Trace
JUnit tests Utilities
Sequence
Diagrams New Uses (AspectJ)
3 5 Test results
7. Enterprise Architect Add-In
7
COM+ component
developed in C#
Interacts with EA through
its Object-Model (gives
access to the model
elements)
Generates JUnit source
files from sequence
diagrams (test specs)
User only has to choose
destination directory
8. Test organization
8
package spreadheettest;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class SpreadsheetAppTest
extends TestCase {
public void testCalculatedField() {…}
}
package spreadheettest;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class SpreadshhetTest
extends TestCase {
public void testCalculatedField() {…}
public void testCircularReference() {.}
}
Each sequence diagram generates one test method
Test classes & packages generated according to hierarchical model organization.
9. Simple API black-box testing
9
Constructor call
public void testCalculatedField() {
Spreadsheet s0 = new Spreadsheet("s0");
Method call and return
assertEquals("s0", s0.getName());
…
}
10. Checking internal interactions
10
…
Trace.start();
Cell x = new Cell("x", s0);
Trace.check(
new Call("Spreadsheet", s0, "addCell", new Object[] {x}, null, null));
…
expected target target method parameters return nested
internal call(s) class object value calls
12. Internal object creation & checking
12
Stores a reference to the actual object (initially null), which is assigned on
first checking, and compared/tested on subsequent ones (by Trace.check).
…
ObjectHandler r = new ObjectHandler();
ObjectHandler c = new ObjectHandler();
ObjectHandler a = new ObjectHandler();
Trace.start();
y.setFormula("x + 1");
Trace.check(
new Call("Parser", null, "parse", new Object[] {s0, "x + 1"}, a, new Call[] {
new Call("CellReference", r, "CellReference", new Object[] {x}, null, null),
new Call("Constant", c, "Constant", new Object[] {1.0}, null, null),
new Call("Add", a, "Add", new Object[] {r, c}, null, null)}));
…
check call on check parameters check return of
internal object as internal objects internal object
13. Call tree checking
13
The actual call tree must be a super-tree of the
specified/expected call tree
Violations checked: absence of call, bad parameters,
bat target object, bad return values
Intermmediate method calls (for example auxiliary
methods) are allowed
Allows focusing the specification on the relevant
interactions (need not be a fully heavy-weight)
specification
15. User Interaction - Modeling
15
With “main”, provides a simple spreadsheetengine::SpreadsheetApp
command line interface
User
start()
Spreadsheet("s") s :Spreadsheet
start (application) and enter
(data) are keywords that enter("x = 1")
represent user actions
x :Cell
Cell("x", s)
setFormula("1")
system displays information
enter("x + 1")
to the user getValue()
1.0()
"2.0"()
Illusion of user in control: user
enter("")
action/system response
User and system run
concurrently User interaction Internal interactions
16. User Interaction – Test generation
(Internal interaction checking ommited for simplification reasons)
16
public void testCommandLineInterface {
starts console simulator Console.start();
Thread thread1 = new Thread() {
start()
public void run() {
SpreadsheetApp.main(null);
}
enter("x = 1") };
thread1.start();
enter("x = 1")
Console.enter("x = 1");
enter("x + 1")
Console.enter("x + 1");
"2.0"()
assertEquals("2.0", Console.check());
enter("")
Console.enter("");
thread1.join(1000);
wait for system termination assertFalse(thread1.isAlive());
finishes console simulator Console.stop();
}
17. User Interaction Testing – Console
17
Simulator
“around” advice redefines console I/O behavior
Currently only output via java.io.PrintStream
Currently only input via java.util.Scanner
Two Java LinkedBlockingQueue’s are used for
communication data between system and test code
“around” advice redirects input/output calls to these queues
Handles synchronization (blocking until data is available)
Handles timeouts (maximum wait time)
Application is developed normaly
18. Conclusions
18
Approach supports lightweight behavior spec
through sequence diagrams as test specs
Test code is automatically generated from
sequence diagrams
Supports effective combination of agile
modeling and TDD (test-driven development)
Quality of models is tested
19. Future Work
19
Better fault localization and messages
Multiple system behaviors allowed
Improving user interaction testing
Distributed and concurrent systems
Multiple programming languages
Circumvent some Enterprise Architect limitations