Indigenous Australians have rich spiritual beliefs centered around ancestral beings and the Dreaming. Key concepts include: 1) Ancestral beings are spirits regarded as direct ancestors that shaped creation and founded laws and ceremonies; they exist in sacred sites linking past and present. 2) The Dreaming encompasses the creative era when ancestral beings roamed, the establishment of society, and the present/future. 3) Countries are lands belonging to indigenous groups and places of Dreaming. Totems link people to ancestral beings through animals, plants, or landmarks. 4) Elders are respected keepers of sacred knowledge and overseers of Dreaming tracks within Aboriginal communities. Kinship defines relationships and responsibilities.