The summary analyzes a document about Brazil's economy:
1) Brazil's economy grew due to government spending and commodity exports to Asia, reaching 6th largest in the world, but growth has stalled in recent years.
2) GDP grew only 0.2% in the first quarter of 2012 compared to the same period in 2011, marking the third straight quarter of near-zero growth.
3) Prospects for Brazil's economy improving above the 2.6% growth of last year appear limited, as retail sales dropped and debt levels rose, prompting banks to tighten lending.
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
October 2011 - Recycling: Who pays for it?FGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Niall Ferguson, noted economic historian, author, and Harvard Professor outlined the next steps in the current “Great Depression to a packed Canada 2020 Speakers Series crowd on Monday 23 February. For more, see www.canada2020.ca.
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
October 2011 - Recycling: Who pays for it?FGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Niall Ferguson, noted economic historian, author, and Harvard Professor outlined the next steps in the current “Great Depression to a packed Canada 2020 Speakers Series crowd on Monday 23 February. For more, see www.canada2020.ca.
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Dr. Alejandro Diaz Bautista Presentation U.S. Congress Washington D.C. March ...Economist
“Immigration Reform, Labor Mobility and Regional Economic Growth in North America 2010”
Alejandro Díaz-Bautista, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics and Researcher at DEE, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF)
adiazbau@hotmail.com
Prepared for the 14th Annual U.S. - Mexico Congressional Border Issues Conference Immigration Reform and Security Cooperation, March 17-18, 2010, Rayburn House Office Building, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.
The Development of the Brazilian Bond Market Mauro Bassotti
The bond market represents a large proportion of the GDP in developed countries but it seems to be underdeveloped in emerging markets. In the particular case of Brazil, it is widely known that firms do not have access to enough credit at a reasonable cost. The goal of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the current state of the Brazilian bond market and provide suggestions to promote
its development.
Whitepaper: Latin America: Room for growthDubaiChamber
Latin America: Room for growth is an Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) report, commissioned by Dubai Chamber. The report discusses the current economic and political climate in Latin America and explores sectors that present opportunities for economic growth—particularly trade-related infrastructure and the services sector. The findings are based on desk research and interviews with experts in the topic.
February 2010 - Plenty of Energy but high costsFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
March 2012 - Can we build a new health system?FGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Dr. Alejandro Diaz Bautista Presentation U.S. Congress Washington D.C. March ...Economist
“Immigration Reform, Labor Mobility and Regional Economic Growth in North America 2010”
Alejandro Díaz-Bautista, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics and Researcher at DEE, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF)
adiazbau@hotmail.com
Prepared for the 14th Annual U.S. - Mexico Congressional Border Issues Conference Immigration Reform and Security Cooperation, March 17-18, 2010, Rayburn House Office Building, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.
The Development of the Brazilian Bond Market Mauro Bassotti
The bond market represents a large proportion of the GDP in developed countries but it seems to be underdeveloped in emerging markets. In the particular case of Brazil, it is widely known that firms do not have access to enough credit at a reasonable cost. The goal of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the current state of the Brazilian bond market and provide suggestions to promote
its development.
Whitepaper: Latin America: Room for growthDubaiChamber
Latin America: Room for growth is an Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) report, commissioned by Dubai Chamber. The report discusses the current economic and political climate in Latin America and explores sectors that present opportunities for economic growth—particularly trade-related infrastructure and the services sector. The findings are based on desk research and interviews with experts in the topic.
February 2010 - Plenty of Energy but high costsFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
March 2012 - Can we build a new health system?FGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
December 2011 - The Brazilian economy in an adverse international environmentFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Cover Story China Running out of Breath
Outlook Crude Oil
Stats India Trade Deficit FY-2014
Emerging Country Russia
In Focus Land Acquisition Bill- A Snapshot
The paper analyses the patterns of economic growth that characterized the huge decline of the Brazilian trend GDP growth rate in the period between 1970 and 2006. The analysis is based on an analytical framework that combines the classical supermultiplier demand led growth model with the hypothesis that the balance of payments is the main potential (and often the effective) constraint to the expansion of the Brazilian economy in the period under consideration. From this perspective, the proximate causes of the decline of the GDP growth trend are the following. First, we have the relatively low growth rate of the domestic components of final demand which combined, with its high weight in total final demand explains the low contribution of this type of expenditure to the GDP growth rate since the 1980s. Secondly, the external sector contribution to GDP growth was both very unstable and, whenever its contribution was relatively high, it could not sustain the relatively high GDP growth rates of 1970s. These patterns of demand led growth are quantitatively investigated with the application of a demand led growth accounting methodology which allows us to analyze the expansion patterns of a set of periods between 1970 and 2006. In what concerns the more fundamental causes, the paper points out to the relevance of: (a) the changing patterns of commercial and financial external insertion of the Brazilian economy; (b) the worsening of the income distribution conditions associated with the trend decline in the wage share, the high percentage of the population still below the poverty line and the high inequality in personal income distribution; and (c) the macroeconomic policy regimes, in particular from 1999 on with the adoption of the policy mix combining inflation targeting, large primary government budget surplus and floating (but very much managed) exchange rates.
November 2013 - Avoiding the middle-income trapFGV Brazil
A few years ago, when China looked at Brazil with great interest, it was not only to estimate its potential as a supplier of food and basic supplies for expanding its infrastructure.
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
1. Global activity easing
2. Slowdown most apparent in euro area
3. China transitioning to slower growth, service economy
4. Central banks pulling back from tightening
5. UK growth dependent on Brexit: exit deal could see GDP growth > 1.0% this year, no deal growth could be < 0.5%
6. Risks to global growth tilting to downside
September 2013 - Where is the labor market heading?FGV Brazil
The labor market is correcting the excessive growth that was inconsistent with the pace of economic expansion. The question is whether policies to curb inflation and wage increases may adversely affect the gradual accommodation of the labor market and bring about deterioration in incomes, employment, and confidence.
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
September 2011 – Can Brazil become a creative economy?FGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Aula 02 ingles instrumental - tradução e resolução de provas
1. AULA 02 - PROVA ANALISTA 2012
For questions 66 through 68, choose the best answer in
accordance with Text 1.
Text 1 Brazil's economy
Government spending and exports of commodities
like soy beans and metals to fast-growing countries in
Asia, have propelled Brazil's economy to sixth place in
the world. But red-hot growth when Latin America's
largest economy clocked in a 7.5% growth rate in 2010
appears to have fizzled out.
The economy stalled in May following an unexpected
drop in retail sales. That heightened fears for what was
one of the few bright spots of the world economy,
making it the
worst performer among Brics nations. GDP grew just
0.2% in the fi rst quarter year-on-year, marking the third
straight quarter of near-zero growth.
There seem to be few signs that GDP growth will head
back up above the 2.6% posted last year. The Bank of
Brazil expects growth to be lower than 2.5%. The drop
in retail sales raised worries over Brazil's consumer-led
growth model, which was fuelled by rising incomes
and easy credit. In fact, the amount of loans that
could not be paid back hit an all-time high in May,
underlining how Brazilians are increasingly struggling to
keep debt under control. That
prompted banks to tighten lending, and the central
bank cut interest rates for the eighth straight time in
July to 8%.
2. [From: BBC.co.uk/news/business July 13 2012 -
adapted]
66- Prospects for the Brazilian economy are
a) promising, because interest rates are being cut.
b) worse that before the May fi gures were released.
c) among the least hopeful in the world today.
d) improving in the view of the Bank of Brazil.
e) expected to rise to 7.5% again this year
67- The phrase "in the fi rst quarter year-on-year" refers
to
a) January-March 2012 compared to the same period
of 2011.
b) the last nine months of the current year.
c) the last trimester of 2011 and the fi rst of 2012.
d) annual economic fi gures for successive years.
e) the period April-June two years running.
68- Paragraph 3 suggests that Brazil's economy has
grown due to
a) increased exports to Asia.
b) international loans.
c) foreign direct investment.
d) high prices and infl ation.
e) domestic consumption.
For questions 69 through 71, choose the best answer in
accordance with Text 2
Text 2 A Coup in Paraguay
3. On June 22, 2012, the Paraguayan Senate invoked a
clause in the constitution which authorized it to
impeach the president for "poor performance in his
duties." The President was Fernando Lugo, who had
been elected some three years earlier and whose
term was about to end in April 2013. Under the rules,
Lugo was limited to a single term of office.
Lugo charged that this was a coup, and if not
technically illegal, certainly illegitimate. Almost every
Latin American government agreed with this analysis,
denouncing the destitution, and cutting relations in
various ways with Paraguay.
The removal of Lugo had the negative consequence
for those who made the coup of making possible the
one thing the Paraguayan Senate had been blocking
for years.
Paraguay is a member of the common market
Mercosur, along with Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
Venezuela had applied to join. This required ratifi
cation by the legislatures of all fi ve member states. All
had long since given their assent except the
Paraguayan Senate. After
the coup, Mercosur suspended Paraguay, and
immediately welcomed Venezuela as a member.
[From: International Herald Tribune 18-7-12]
69- President Lugo of Paraguay was removed from offi
ce in a process he considered to be
a) a poor performance of his duties.
b) premature and destitute.
c) of dubious legality and legitimacy.
d) unfair after a full three years in offi ce.
e) technically unnecessary in view of 2013 elections.
4. 70- As a result of Lugo's impeachment, many Latin
American governments
a) applauded the move.
b) severed ties with Paraguay.
c) changed their analysis.
d) impeached their own authorities.
e) charged Lugo with illegitimacy.
71- The unexpected result of the overthrow of
President Lugo was
a) the blocking of Venezuela's membership of
Mercosur.
b) the Paraguayan Senate's ratifi cation of Venezuela's
entry into Mercosur.
c) the permanent expulsion of Paraguay from
Mercosur.
d) the admission of Venezuela to Mercosur in
Paraguay's absence.
e) Venezuela's denunciation of the coup at a
Mercosur meeting.
For questions 72 through 75, choose the best answer in
accordance with Text 3
Text 3 Armenia : prisoner of history
ARMENIA tends to feature in the news because of its
problems (history, geography, demography and
economics to name but a few). But a new report says
not all is doom and gloom. The parliamentary
elections in May showed significant improvement.
Media coverage was more balanced, and the
5. authorities permitted greater freedom of assembly,
expression and movement than in previous years. That
bodes well for the future.
The economy is still recovering from the global
financial crisis, which saw GDP contract by 14.2% in
2009. In the same period, the construction sector
contracted by more than 40%. Remittances from the
diaspora dropped by 30%.
That led Forbes magazine to label Armenia the world's
second worst performing economy in 2011. Over one-
third of the country lives below the poverty line.
Complaints of corruption are widespread, and infl
ation is high.
Low rates of tax collection-19.3% of GDP, compared
with a 40% average in EU countries–limit the
government's reach.
Cracking down on tax evasion could increase
government revenue by over $400 million, says the
World Bank. A few, high-profi le businessmen dominate
the economy.
Their monopolies and oligopolies put a signifi cant
brake on business development. Their infl uence also
weakens political will for the kind of reforms that the
country sorely needs.
[From The Economist print edition June 24, 012]
72- With regard to the political situation in Armenia,
the opening paragraph of the text is
a) unnecessarily pessimistic.
6. b) wildly enthusiastic.
c) depressingly frank.
d) remarkably despondent.
e) mildly optimistic.
73- The international economic adversities of 2009 had
multiple effects on Armenia, including
a) a massive boom in the country's construction
industry.
b) attempts to control the country's endemic
corruption.
c) critical acclaim of the country's economy in Forbes
magazine.
d) poverty-reduction plans to bring people into line.
e) a drop in funds sent home by Armenians working
abroad.
74- According to the World Bank, the government
could raise money by
a) taking steps to repress tax dodging.
b) joining the European Union soon.
c) making the rich pay more for business.
d) raising tax rates for high-profi le businessmen.
e) introducing reforms in all sectors.
75- In paragraph 3 line 8, the word "sorely" could best
be replaced by
a) usually.
b) obviously.
c) scarcely.
d) badly.
e) painfully.
7. For questions 66 through 68, choose the best answer in
accordance with Text 1.
Para questões 66 a 68, escolha a melhor resposta de
acordo com o Texto 1.
Text 1 Brazil's economy
Texto 1 A economia do Brasil
Government spending and exports of commodities
like soy beans and metals to fast-growing countries in
Asia, have propelled Brazil's economy to sixth place in
the world. But red-hot growth when Latin America's
largest economy clocked in a 7.5% growth rate in 2010
appears to have fizzled out.
Os gastos do governo e as exportações de
commodities como soja e metais para países de
rápido crescimento na Ásia, têm impulsionado a
economia do Brasil para o sexto lugar no mundo. Mas
crescimento bem-sucedido quando a maior
economia da América Latina marcou uma taxa de
crescimento de 7,5% em 2010 parece ter fracassado.
The economy stalled in May following an unexpected
drop in retail sales. That heightened fears for what was
one of the few bright spots of the world economy,
making it the worst performer among Brics nations.
GDP grew just 0.2% in the first quarter year-on-year,
marking the third straight quarter of near-zero growth.
A economia estagnou em maio depois de uma
queda inesperada nas vendas no varejo. Isso
aumentou o temor para o que foi um dos poucos
pontos brilhantes da economia mundial, tornando-se
o pior desempenho entre as nações BRICS. O PIB
cresceu apenas 0,2% no primeiro trimestre
8. comparado ao mesmo período no ano anterior,
marcando o terceiro trimestre consecutivo de
crescimento próximo de zero.
There seem to be few signs that GDP growth will head
back up above the 2.6% posted last year. The Bank of
Brazil expects growth to be lower than 2.5%. The drop
in retail sales raised worries over Brazil's consumer-led
growth model, which was fuelled by rising incomes
and easy credit. In fact, the amount of loans that
could not be paid back hit an all-time high in May,
underlining how Brazilians are increasingly struggling to
keep debt under control. That prompted banks to
tighten lending, and the central bank cut interest rates
for the eighth straight time in July to 8%.
Parece haver poucos sinais de que o crescimento do
PIB vai voltar acima do 2,6% publicado no ano
passado. O Banco do Brasil (leia-se o Banco Central)
espera que o crescimento seja inferior a 2,5%. A
queda nas vendas no varejo levantaram
preocupações sobre o modelo de crescimento do
Brasil comandado pelo consumidor, o que foi
impulsionado pelo aumento da renda e do crédito
fácil. De fato, a quantidade de empréstimos que não
poderiam ser pagos de volta bateu um recorde
histórico em maio, evidenciando como os brasileiros
estão lutando cada vez mais para manter a dívida
sob controle. Isso levou os bancos a apertar os
empréstimos, e o Banco Central reduziu as taxas de
juros pela oitava vez seguida em julho para 8%.
[From: BBC.co.uk/news/business July 13 2012 -
adapted]
9. 66- Prospects for the Brazilian economy are
(ANULADA)
Perspectivas para a economia brasileira (são/estão)
a) promising, because interest rates are being cut.
promissoras, porque as taxas de juros estão sendo
cortadas.
b) worse that before the May figures were released.
piores do que antes de os números de maio serem
liberados.
c) among the least hopeful in the world today.
entre as menos esperançosas no mundo de hoje.
d) improving in the view of the Bank of Brazil.
melhorando na visão do Banco do Brasil.
e) expected to rise to 7.5% again this year
deverão subir para 7,5% este ano novamente
67- The phrase "in the first quarter year-on-year" refers
to
A frase "no primeiro trimestre comparado ao mesmo
período no ano anterior" refere-se a
a) January-March 2012 compared to the same period
of 2011.
Janeiro-Março de 2012, em comparação com o
mesmo período de 2011.
b) the last nine months of the current year.
os últimos nove meses do ano em curso.
c) the last trimester of 2011 and the first of 2012.
o último trimestre de 2011 e o primeiro de 2012.
d) annual economic figures for successive years.
dados econômicos anuais por anos sucessivos.
e) the period April-June two years running.
o período de abril a junho em dois anos consecutivos.
10. 68- Paragraph 3 suggests that Brazil's economy has
grown due to
O parágrafo 3 sugere que a economia do Brasil tem
crescido devido a
a) increased exports to Asia.
o aumento das exportações para a Ásia.
b) international loans.
empréstimos internacionais.
c) foreign direct investment.
investimento estrangeiro direto.
d) high prices and inflation.
preços altos e inflação.
e) domestic consumption.
consumo doméstico.
For questions 69 through 71, choose the best answer in
accordance with Text 2
Para as questões 69 a 71, escolha a melhor resposta
de acordo com o Texto 2
Text 2 A Coup in Paraguay
Texto 2 Um golpe no Paraguai
On June 22, 2012, the Paraguayan Senate invoked a
clause in the constitution which authorized it to
impeach the president for "poor performance in his
duties." The President was Fernando Lugo, who had
been elected some three years earlier and whose
term was about to end in April 2013. Under the rules,
Lugo was limited to a single term of office.
Em 22 de junho de 2012, o Senado paraguaio invocou
uma cláusula na Constituição que o autorizou a
acusar o presidente de "fraco desempenho em suas
11. funções." O presidente era Fernando Lugo, que tinha
sido eleito cerca de três anos antes e cujo mandato
estava prestes a terminar em Abril de 2013. De acordo
com as regras, Lugo foi limitado a um único mandato.
Lugo charged that this was a coup, and if not
technically illegal, certainly illegitimate. Almost every
Latin American government agreed with this analysis,
denouncing the destitution, and cutting relations in
various ways with Paraguay.
Lugo denunciou que este era um golpe, e se não era
tecnicamente ilegal, certamente era ilegítimo. Quase
todos os governos latino-americanos concordaram
com esta análise, denunciando a destituição, e
cortando relações de várias formas com o Paraguai.
The removal of Lugo had the negative consequence
for those who made the coup of making possible the
one thing the Paraguayan Senate had been blocking
for years. Paraguay is a member of the common
market Mercosur, along with Brazil, Argentina and
Uruguay. Venezuela had applied to join. This required
ratifi cation by the legislatures of all five member
states. All had long since given their assent except the
Paraguayan Senate. After the coup, Mercosur
suspended Paraguay, and immediately welcomed
Venezuela as a member.
A remoção de Lugo teve como consequência
negativa para aqueles que fizeram o golpe tornar-se
possível a única coisa que o Senado paraguaio
esteve bloqueando por anos. O Paraguai é um
membro do mercado comum do Mercosul,
juntamente com o Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai.
Venezuela tinha requerido participar. Isso requeria
12. ratificação exigida pelas leis de todos os cinco
Estados membros.
Todos tinham a muito tempo dado a sua aprovação,
exceto o Senado paraguaio. Após o golpe, o
Mercosul suspendeu o Paraguai, e imediatamente
recebeu a Venezuela como membro.
[From: International Herald Tribune 18-7-12]
69- President Lugo of Paraguay was removed from
office in a process he considered to be
O Presidente Lugo do Paraguai foi afastado do cargo
em um processo que ele considerou ser
a) a poor performance of his duties.
o desempenho pobre de suas funções.
b) premature and destitute.
prematuro e pobre.
c) of dubious legality and legitimacy.
de legalidade e legitimidade duvidosas.
d) unfair after a full three years in office.
injusto após três anos completos no cargo.
e) technically unnecessary in view of 2013 elections.
tecnicamente desnecessário, tendo em conta as
eleições 2013.
70- As a result of Lugo's impeachment, many Latin
American Governments
Como resultado do impeachment de Lugo, muitos
governos latino-americanos
a) applauded the move.
aplaudiram a ação.
b) severed ties with Paraguay.
romperam os laços com o Paraguai.
13. c) changed their analysis.
mudaram suas análises.
d) impeached their own authorities.
retiraram do poder suas próprias autoridades.
e) charged Lugo with illegitimacy.
acusaram Lugo de ilegitimidade.
71- The unexpected result of the overthrow of
President Lugo was
O resultado inesperado da derrubada do presidente
Lugo foi
a) the blocking of Venezuela's membership of
Mercosur.
o bloqueio da adesão da Venezuela ao Mercosul.
b) the Paraguayan Senate's ratification of Venezuela's
entry into Mercosur.
a ratificação do Senado Paraguaio da entrada da
Venezuela no Mercosul.
c) the permanent expulsion of Paraguay from
Mercosur.
a expulsão permanente do Paraguai do Mercosul.
d) the admission of Venezuela to Mercosur in
Paraguay's absence.
a admissão da Venezuela no Mercosul na ausência
do Paraguai.
e) Venezuela's denunciation of the coup at a
Mercosur meeting.
a denúncia da Venezuela do golpe em uma reunião
do Mercosul.
For questions 72 through 75, choose the best answer in
accordance with Text 3
Para questões 72 a 75, escolha a melhor resposta de
acordo com o Texto 3
14. Text 3 Armenia : prisoner of history
Texto 3 Armenia: prisioneira da história
ARMENIA tends to feature in the news because of its
problems (history, geography, demography and
economics to name but a few). But a new report says
not all is doom and gloom. The parliamentary
elections in May showed significant improvement.
Media coverage was more balanced, and the
authorities permitted greater freedom of assembly,
expression and movement than in previous years. That
bodes well for the future.
ARMENIA tende a aparecer nas notícias por causa de
seus problemas (história, geografia, demografia e
economia, para citar apenas alguns). Mas um novo
relatório diz que nem tudo é desgraça e tristeza. As
eleições parlamentares de maio mostraram melhora
significativa. A cobertura da mídia foi mais
equilibrada, e as autoridades permitiram uma maior
liberdade de reunião, expressão e movimentação do
que em anos anteriores. Isso é um bom presságio para
o futuro.
The economy is still recovering from the global
financial crisis, which saw GDP contract by 14.2% in
2009. In the same period, the construction sector
contracted by more than 40%. Remittances from the
diaspora dropped by 30%. That led Forbes magazine
to label Armenia the world's second worst performing
economy in 2011. Over one-third of the country lives
below the poverty line. Complaints of corruption are
widespread, and inflation is high.
15. A economia ainda está se recuperando da crise
financeira global, que viu a contração do PIB em
14,2% em 2009. No mesmo período, o setor de
construção contraiu-se em mais de 40%. As remessas
da *diáspora caíram em 30%. Isso levou a revista
Forbes a rotular a Armênia o segundo pior
desempenho econômico do mundo em 2011.
Mais de um terço do país vive abaixo da linha da
pobreza. Denúncias de corrupção estão por todos os
lados, e a inflação é alta.
* Diáspora é um substantivo feminino com origem no
termo grego "diasporá", que significa dispersão de
povos, por motivos políticos ou religiosos.
Low rates of tax collection-19.3% of GDP, compared
with a 40% average in EU countries–limit the
government's reach. Cracking down on tax evasion
could increase government revenue by over $400
million, says the World Bank. A few, high-profile
businessmen
dominate the economy. Their monopolies and
oligopolies put a significant brake on business
development. Their influence also weakens political
will for the kind of reforms that the country sorely
needs.
As baixas taxas de coletas de impostos - 19,3% do PIB,
em comparação com uma média de 40% em países
da UE - limitam o alcance do governo. Reprimir a
evasão fiscal poderia aumentar a receita do governo
em mais de US $ 400 milhões, diz o Banco Mundial.
Alguns, empresários de alto perfil dominam a
economia.
Seus monopólios e oligopólios colocam um freio
significativo no desenvolvimento dos negócios. Sua
16. influência também enfraquece a vontade política
para o tipo de reformas que o país intensamente
necessita.
72- With regard to the political situation in Armenia,
the opening paragraph of the text is
No que diz respeito à situação política na Armenia, o
parágrafo de abertura do texto é
a) unnecessarily pessimistic.
desnecessariamente pessimista.
b) wildly enthusiastic.
descontroladamente entusiasmado.
c) depressingly frank.
deprimentemente franco.
d) remarkably despondent.
notavelmente desanimado.
e) mildly optimistic.
ligeiramente otimista.
73- The international economic adversities of 2009 had
multiple effects on Armenia, including
As adversidades econômicas internacionais de 2009
tiveram vários efeitos sobre a Armenia, incluindo
a) a massive boom in the country's construction
industry.
um boom enorme na indústria de construção do país.
b) attempts to control the country's endemic
corruption.
tentativas de controlar a corrupção endêmica do
país.
c) critical acclaim of the country's economy in Forbes
magazine.
17. a aclamação da crítica da economia do país na
revista Forbes.
d) poverty-reduction plans to bring people into line.
planos de redução da pobreza para trazer as pessoas
para dentro da linha.
e) a drop in funds sent home by Armenians working
abroad.
uma queda em fundos enviados para casa por
armênios que trabalham no exterior.
74- According to the World Bank, the government
could raise money by
De acordo com o Banco Mundial, o governo poderia
arrecadar dinheiro
a) taking steps to repress tax dodging.
tomando medidas para reprimir a sonegação.
b) joining the European Union soon.
aderindo à União Europeia em breve.
c) making the rich pay more for business.
fazendo os ricos pagarem mais por negócios.
d) raising tax rates for high-profile businessmen.
aumentando as taxas de impostos para empresários
de alto perfil.
e) introducing reforms in all sectors.
introduzindo reformas em todos os setores.
75- In paragraph 3 line 7, the word "sorely" could best
be replaced by
Na linha 7 do parágrafo 3, a palavra "sorely" poderia
ser melhor substituída por
a) usually.
normalmente.
b) obviously.