Treatment of industrial wastewater for Reduce the Pollution

2. index
• Aim
• ETP
• Sources of Industrial wastewater
• Need of ETP
• Treatment Levels & Mechanisms of ETP
- Primary Treatment
- Secondary Treatment
- Tertiary Treatment
• Secondary Treatment Level
• Removal processes
- Activated Sludge Processes
- Trickling Filter System
- Oxidation Ponds
• Conclusion
• References

3.  To clean industry effluent and recycle it for
further use
 To reduce the usage of fresh water in industries
 To preserve natural environment against pollution
 To meet the standards for emission of pollutants
set by the Government & avoid heavy penalty
 To reduce expenditure on water acquisition
Aim

4. • ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) is a
process design for treating the,
• Influent : Untreated industrial waste water.
• Effluent : Treated industrial waste water.
• Sludge : Solid part separated from waste
water by ETP.

6. Here impurity list

7. Industrial effluent standards
Parameter Mexico a USA b Canada c
Total suspended
solids, (mg/l)
150 27 15
BOD5, (mg/l) 20 56 15
pH 5-10 6-9 6-10.5

8. Sources of Industrial wastewater
 Complex organic chemicals industry
 Electric Power plants
 Food industry
 Iron & Steel Industry
 Mines And Quarries
 Nuclear Industry
 Pulp & Paper Industry
 Industrial Oil Contamination

9. Need of ETP
• To clean industry effluent and recycle it for
further use.
• To reduce the usage of fresh/potable water
in Industries.
• To cut expenditure on water procurement.
• To meet the Standards for emission or
discharge of environmental pollutants from
various Industries set by the Government
and avoid hefty penalties.
• To safeguard environment against pollution
and contribute in sustainable development.
• Because of their dangerous characteristics
for human health and the environment.

10. What is the…???
BOD ( Biological Oxygen Demand )
COD ( Chemical Oxygen Demand )
TOD ( Total Oxygen Demand )
TOC ( Total Organic Carbon )

11. Treatment Levels & Mechanisms of ETP
• Treatment levels
 Preliminary
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary (or advanced)
• Treatment mechanisms
 Physical
 Chemical
 Biological

12. Influent
wastewater
Physical and
chemical treatment Biodegradable
High
strength
Anaerobic
treatment
Discharge PACT
Inhibitory
No degradable
fraction
Polished
effluent
Dispersed
growth system
Complete mix
system
Readily
degradable
Nitrogen
removal
required Fixed
Growth system
Discharge
DischargeDischarge
Intermittent
process
Nitrification/
Denitrification
system
Plug
flow system
Selector
system
Polished
effluent
High
strength
Yes Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
YesYes
No
No
No
No No No
No

14. Secondary Treatment Level
Biological unit process
To remove, or reduce the concentration
of organic and inorganic compounds.
 Biological treatment process can take
many forms but all are based around
microorganisms, mainly bacteria.

15. Aerobic Processes
• Aerobic treatment processes take place in the
presence of air (oxygen).
• Utilizes those microorganisms (aerobes), which use
molecular/free oxygen to assimilate organic impurities
i.e. convert them in to carbon dioxide, water and biomass.
Anaerobic Processes
• The anaerobic treatment processes take place in the
absence of air (oxygen).
• Utilizes microorganisms (anaerobes) which do not
require air (molecular/free oxygen) to assimilate
organic impurities.
• The final products are methane and biomass.

16. Effective Ratio
Economical
Methods
<
<Value
of
COD/BOD Ratio0.5 2<
2
Value
of
COD/BOD Ratio
(Very High)
We need to Decrease COD
Go to biological treatment

17. Removal processes of Biodegradable organics
1) Activated Sludge Process
2) Trickling Filter System
3) Oxidation Ponds

18. 1) Activated Sludge Process
• Primary wastewater mixed with Bacteria-rich (Activated)
Sludge and Air (oxygen) is pumped into the mixture
• Both Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria may exits
• Promotes bacterial growth and decomposition of organic
matter
• BOD removal is Approximately 85%
• Microbial removal by this Process
~ 80-99% Removal of Bacteria
~ 90-99% Removal of Viruses

19. Activated Sludge Processes

20. 5 Physical Components
• Aeration Tank
- Oxygen is Introduced into the System
• Aeration Sources
- Ensure that adequate oxygen is fed into the tank
- Provided pure oxygen or compressed air
• Secondary Clarifiers
- Activated sludge solids separated from the surrounding
wastewater
• Activated sludge Outflow Line
- Pump activated sludge back to the aeration tank
• Effluent Outflow Line
- Discharged effluent into the bay or tertiary treatment plant

21. Image of aeration tank
Secondary process of acp
Aeration Tank

22. Aeration Tank

24. 2) Trickling Filter System
- Trickling filters are beds made of coke (carbonized coke)
Limestone chips or specially fabricated plastic media
- Optimize their thickness by insect or warm grazing
- The primary wastewater is sprayed over the filter and
Microbes decompose organic materials aerobically
- Low pathogen removal
- bacteria (20—90%)
-Viruses (50—90%)
-Giardia Cysts (70--90)

25. Trickling Filter System

28. 3) Oxidation Ponds
- Oxidation ponds are a few meters deep and up to a
hectare in size
- They are low cost with retention times of 1 to 4
weeks
- Odor and Mosquitoes can be problem
- Pathogen removal
~ Bacteria (90—99%)
~ Viruses (90—98%)
~ Protozoa (67—99%)

29. Continues …
- Mechanism include the long detention time,
High pH (10-10.5) generated by Photo-synthesis,
Predation, Sunlight, Temperature.
- Stabilization ponds are the preferred wastewater
Treatment process in developing countries due to low
Cost , low maintenance
- This is balanced by larger land requirement

30. Oxidation Ponds

32. When Treatment is Done …
Effluent back to stream after
- A final Carbon Filtration and ,
- Chlorination / De-Chlorination
Sludge ( Very Nutrient rich)
- Applied directly to land as Fertilizer
- Incinerated (Good Fuel after Drying)
- Composted

35. conclusion
 Prior to discharge of industrial water into the drainage
system they need to be purified
 Method of treatment depends on the technological
process where are produces wastewater
 The newest and the best effects of water purification
achieved by a combination of purification processes
 Modified the process with the task of reducing the
quantity of wastewater
 Re-use of purified wastewater

36. Reference
Internet
www.wikipedia.com
www.LinkedIn.com (Slide Shares)
www.GoogleImages.com
Books
Soil and water Microbiology

37. Thank you
for your attention!