Attica Prison Riots.docx
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The document discusses the Attica Prison riots of the 1970s and the changes they led to in prison management and rehabilitation efforts. The riots were in protest of poor living conditions and resulted in numerous deaths when police retook control of the prison. This event highlighted that prisoners had rights and led to reforms aimed at improving prison conditions and treatment. Rehabilitation programs now focus on education, vocational training, psychological counseling, and substance abuse treatment to reform prisoners and help their reintegration into society upon release. However, prison overcrowding presents ongoing challenges to delivering effective rehabilitation services.
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Literature Review
This document discusses research on the effects of incarceration and rehabilitation programs on recidivism. It outlines how rehabilitation was originally the goal of prisons but the "Nothing Works" doctrine in the 1970s claimed rehabilitation programs were ineffective. Later research refuted this, finding cognitive behavioral therapies and skills training programs reduced recidivism. However, more research is needed on how prison subcultures and negative peer influences may undermine rehabilitation efforts, and on carefully assigning inmates to appropriate security levels to foster better treatment outcomes.
RUNNING HEAD Prisoner Reentry Programs & Recidivism RatesPhilli.docx
RUNNING HEAD: Prisoner Reentry Programs & Recidivism Rates
Phillips
28
Chapter 1: Introduction
The first era of the twenty-first century underwent a melodramatic acceleration in federal funding for reentry resourcefulness, beginning with the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI), followed by the Prisoner Reentry Initiative (which concentrated on occupational grounded programming), the Marriage and Incarceration Act (proposing household programming for imprisoned men, and the Second Chance Act (highlighting provisional amenities for formerly confined adult and juvenile offenders) (Lattimore et al, 2010). With the recent change with some of the former initiatives, it is still too premature to assess how they are functioning. Though there is still hesitation over the best delivery for reentry services, the need for some type of aid is clear. Many recidivists are released from imprisonment into some form of observation into the community (Travis 2005). Returning criminals face copious and formidable challenges as they return to their households and societies.
Statement of the Problem
As a higher number of individuals are released from correctional facilities and reenter society, reentry programs can help former offenders reintegrate into society without participating in criminal activity. Inmates will face specify as they attempt to changeover from correctional facilities back to the society. Some of the obstacles include living accommodations, employment, substance abuse and mental health issues. These issues present daunting difficulties to offenders as they attempt to reenter back into the community. Without adequate convict reentry programs, upon release from the prison industrial complex, former inmates experience complications seeking employment and acclimating to society, causing them to recidivate shortly after release. Ultimately, these ex-convicts become victims of recidivism, in most cases shortly after their release.
Purpose for the Study
Rehabilitation policies resurfaced as a goal of U.S. correctional institutions after more than 20 years of their being focused on dissuasion and helplessness, with rehabilitative efforts directed predominantly to substance abuse treatment (Lattimore & Steffey, 2010). Because of so many offenders’ recidivating and not finding employment, housing, no family support and no substance abuse treatment, many of them relapse. They are forced to wander the streets, directionless, surrounded by the same criminal environment that previously led to their illegitimacy. Statistics have shown that reentry programs decreases recidivism. Therefore, it is essential that correctional facilities establishment, initiate, and maintain mandatory reentry programs that will assist in the decrease of the recidivism rate.
Reappearance has become the new exhortation in correctional reform, or at least in Washington, D.C. it is rational to say that the notion means numerous things to countless individuals ...
Read Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Just.docx
Read "Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: The Case of Richard P." located in this week's Electronic Reserve Readings.
Review UOP's Sample PowerPoint Presentation to guide you in creating an effective presentation.
As a Team, create a visually engaging 10- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation to describe the role of communication skills in handling the case.
Include speaker notes with each slide of your presentation that provides information on the topics below. Each topic should have at least two corresponding slides.
· Describe how you could use different communication models to assist in communicating with this offender.
· Describe how interpersonal communication skills and motivational interviewing could be used with this offender.
· Describe how you would take this offender's culture and mental capacity into consideration when communicating with him.
· Describe how the use of jargon may affect communicating with this offender.
Include a minimum of three reputable sources.
Format any citations in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Individuals With Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System The Case of Richard P. Arthur J. Lurigio Loyola University Chicago, Illinois John Fallon Thresholds This paper presents a case study that illuminates the clinical and practical challenges that accompany the treatment of people with serious mental illness (SMI) and criminal involvement. We discuss the historical conditions that led to the influx of a large number of people with SMI into the criminal justice system. We discuss the case history of Richard P., which illustrates the use of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) to care for criminally involved people with SMI. We focus on the ACT model that was employed by Thresholds to treat Richard P. It was known as the Thresholds Jail Program. We track his progress in the program and explicate the case management considerations that are most salient in treating offenders with SMI. Keywords: criminalization, mental illness, crime, deinstitutionalization, mental health services, probation, ACT 1 Theoretical and Research Basis Fundamental changes in mental health policies and laws have brought criminal justice professionals into contact with the seriously mentally ill at every stage of the justice process: police arrest people with serious mental illness (SMI) because few other options are readily available to handle their disruptive public behaviors; jail and prison administrators strain to attend to the care and safety of the mentally ill; judges grapple with limited sentencing alternatives for individuals with SMI who fall outside of specific forensic categories (e.g., guilty but mentally ill); and probation and parole officers scramble to obtain scarce community services and treatments for people with SMI and attempt to fit them into standard correctional programs or monito.
INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES...
Abstract: Kenya prison rehabilitation strategies are strategies that are used in reforming offenders in prisons. The programs consists of training activities which include vocational training such as carpentry, masonry, tailoring and building that are carried out to reform offenders. The researcher adopted a case study design. It targeted a sample of 150 inmates through snow ball and stratified sampling. Data was collected through administration of questionnaire to the selected respondents. Descriptive statistics such as tabulations, frequencies, percentages were used to summarize, describe, analyze, and present the statistical information of this study. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. Data was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis to determine relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. The study findings concluded that industry skills training for the inmates contributes greatly towards reformation of inmates and that increasing the education level of inmates does necessarily contribute significantly to reformation of inmates. The study established that spiritual emphasis of the life of inmates significantly contributes to the reformation of inmates
Keywords: Industry Skills, Education Level, Spiritual Programmes, Reformation, Reformation.
Title: INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES: A CASE STUDY ON KISII MAIN PRISON
Author: Anyika Cetrick Matakayia, Prof. Maria Onyango, Dr. Michael Nyagol
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
Week 5 CEA ProjectAssignment Task Submit to complete th
This document provides instructions for a Week 5 CEA Project assignment. Students are asked to revise their Week 3 paper based on instructor feedback, add two additional scholarly articles to the literature review section, research and analyze an additional law or regulation, research and summarize at least two additional related cases, and write a summary/conclusion section. The paper should be 10-14 pages following APA format. Feedback from the instructor on the Week 3 submission is provided, noting that the student completed all tasks but could provide more in-depth analysis and ensure full citation of sources. Overall, the work was well-done but some sections lacked full citation and references. The instructor encourages the student to review the rubric and ask any questions.
10 California’s Correctional Drug Treatment SystemWilliam M. Bu.docx
10 California’s Correctional Drug Treatment System
William M. Burdon, Michael L. Prendergast, and Harry K. WexlerACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND DISCLAIMER
This paper was supported by interagency agreements (Contracts C97.355 & C98.346) between the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Office of Substance Abuse Programs (CDCR-OSAP) and the UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs (ISAP). Opinions and views expressed herein are those of the authors solely. They do not necessarily represent the opinions or views of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation or its employees. Inquiries should be directed to William M. Burdon, Ph.D., UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025; E-mail address: [email protected].ABSTRACT
Since 1997, California has been engaged in the largest expansion of prison-based treatment of its kind in the nation and perhaps even the world. This chapter provides a historical overview of the California correctional drug treatment system, including the current expansion of prison-based treatment programs and the related system of aftercare treatment. Findings from a series of evaluation studies of prison-based treatment programs in California are presented and discussed, as are the findings from continuing analyses that have been performed on data collected from these evaluations. The collective body of findings that have been generated from the California correctional drug treatment system have made a substantial contribution to the literature on corrections-based treatment. However, there remains much to be learned about how to further enhance the effectiveness of treatment for offenders. To that end, the chapter concludes with a discussion of how the expanding and evolving body of literature can be used to inform and advance corrections-based substance abuse treatment, not only in California, but nationwide.INTRODUCTION
Over the past 40 years, therapeutic communities (TCs) have flourished in many states, primarily in community-based settings. However, it has only been in the past decade that they have emerged as the “treatment of choice” for dealing with substance-abusing offenders in prison settings (Inciardi, 1996; Wexler, 1995). Perhaps nowhere has this been more apparent than in California, which, since 1997, has been engaged in the largest expansion of prison-based substance abuse treatment ever undertaken in the United States; perhaps even the world. This chapter documents the story of the California correctional drug treatment system to date.
The story of the California correctional drug treatment system begins with the opening of the Amity TC at the R. J. Donovan Corrections Center in San Diego in 1989. Early evaluations of this and other prison-based TC programs, which showed the benefits of providing in-prison substance abuse treatment using the TC model, formed the foundation for legislation to expand the number of in-prison TC tre ...
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industri.docx
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industrial Complex
Amber Edwards
Sco 102
Instructor: Craig Allen
5/3/2020
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industrial Complex
The United States experienced stability in the rates of imprisonment from the year 1920 to early 1970s. However, that has changed over the past four decades considering that the rates of imprisonment have multiplied. Currently, the United Sates has over 2.2 million incarcerated adults which is by far the largest population globally. The rapid increase of incarceration in the US for the past four decades has prompted various critiques including the question as to why there is a large population of incarcerated citizens.
The aim of this paper is to argue on the ethical issues existing with the mass incarceration particularly the breaches that occur minus ethics. Also the paper will discuss the constitutes of ethical behaviour within the U.S system by using Utilitarianism, Ethical Egoism, Deontology which will shed light on the concerns of mass incarceration as well as the prison industrial complex.
Incarceration is among the most applicable strategies to handle social issues which act as an interference to the poor. Generally, the problems are joined together and defined as crime. The most targeted population in this case are people of color (Wagner & Sawyer, 2018). Some of the impacts of the increased rates of incarceration are homelessness, drug addiction, mental illnesses, unemployment and many more. Generally, prisons do not make the social issues or crimes go away rather, they make people disappear. The practice of making people disappear away from immigrants the poor as well as racially marginalized societies has currently become a business.
The increase in the rates of imprisonment is among the most systematic applied government social program in the contemporary world. However, issues such as criminalization, social profiling and mass imprisoning of people of color is the main challenge in the criminal justice system. Another ethical concern is making mass incarceration a source of income or rather a business. Prison privatization is also another ethical concern which is the capital’s contemporary movement in the prison industry. Generally, government run prisons are typically in gross violation particularly in international human rights standards making the private prisons less liable. Incarceration is nothing less than slavery considering that a large number if these inmates offer labor services to a country without a living wage, bargaining power of even labor protections. Generally, labor is the only thing the imprisoners can withhold.
The breaches of ethics in slavery, racial profiling and using incarceration for profiting purposes in the prison industry are too much. Among the ethical breach that is reflective is the health in the system. Both mental and physical health of the inmates is a primary concern considering that a large number of the inmates suffer.
Presentatie Do 1e Ronde
The document discusses two traditions of prison-based therapeutic communities: the democratic approach developed by Maxwell Jones and the hierarchical concept-based approach modeled after Synanon. While the two approaches developed independently and have some differences in philosophy, they also share some common concepts and have influenced each other over time, with the hierarchical approach now incorporating social learning and the democratic approach utilizing some behavioral techniques within the prison setting. Both aim to promote therapeutic change through community and social interaction among residents.
Recommended
Literature Review
This document discusses research on the effects of incarceration and rehabilitation programs on recidivism. It outlines how rehabilitation was originally the goal of prisons but the "Nothing Works" doctrine in the 1970s claimed rehabilitation programs were ineffective. Later research refuted this, finding cognitive behavioral therapies and skills training programs reduced recidivism. However, more research is needed on how prison subcultures and negative peer influences may undermine rehabilitation efforts, and on carefully assigning inmates to appropriate security levels to foster better treatment outcomes.
RUNNING HEAD Prisoner Reentry Programs & Recidivism RatesPhilli.docx
RUNNING HEAD: Prisoner Reentry Programs & Recidivism Rates
Phillips
28
Chapter 1: Introduction
The first era of the twenty-first century underwent a melodramatic acceleration in federal funding for reentry resourcefulness, beginning with the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI), followed by the Prisoner Reentry Initiative (which concentrated on occupational grounded programming), the Marriage and Incarceration Act (proposing household programming for imprisoned men, and the Second Chance Act (highlighting provisional amenities for formerly confined adult and juvenile offenders) (Lattimore et al, 2010). With the recent change with some of the former initiatives, it is still too premature to assess how they are functioning. Though there is still hesitation over the best delivery for reentry services, the need for some type of aid is clear. Many recidivists are released from imprisonment into some form of observation into the community (Travis 2005). Returning criminals face copious and formidable challenges as they return to their households and societies.
Statement of the Problem
As a higher number of individuals are released from correctional facilities and reenter society, reentry programs can help former offenders reintegrate into society without participating in criminal activity. Inmates will face specify as they attempt to changeover from correctional facilities back to the society. Some of the obstacles include living accommodations, employment, substance abuse and mental health issues. These issues present daunting difficulties to offenders as they attempt to reenter back into the community. Without adequate convict reentry programs, upon release from the prison industrial complex, former inmates experience complications seeking employment and acclimating to society, causing them to recidivate shortly after release. Ultimately, these ex-convicts become victims of recidivism, in most cases shortly after their release.
Purpose for the Study
Rehabilitation policies resurfaced as a goal of U.S. correctional institutions after more than 20 years of their being focused on dissuasion and helplessness, with rehabilitative efforts directed predominantly to substance abuse treatment (Lattimore & Steffey, 2010). Because of so many offenders’ recidivating and not finding employment, housing, no family support and no substance abuse treatment, many of them relapse. They are forced to wander the streets, directionless, surrounded by the same criminal environment that previously led to their illegitimacy. Statistics have shown that reentry programs decreases recidivism. Therefore, it is essential that correctional facilities establishment, initiate, and maintain mandatory reentry programs that will assist in the decrease of the recidivism rate.
Reappearance has become the new exhortation in correctional reform, or at least in Washington, D.C. it is rational to say that the notion means numerous things to countless individuals ...
Read Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Just.docx
Read "Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: The Case of Richard P." located in this week's Electronic Reserve Readings.
Review UOP's Sample PowerPoint Presentation to guide you in creating an effective presentation.
As a Team, create a visually engaging 10- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation to describe the role of communication skills in handling the case.
Include speaker notes with each slide of your presentation that provides information on the topics below. Each topic should have at least two corresponding slides.
· Describe how you could use different communication models to assist in communicating with this offender.
· Describe how interpersonal communication skills and motivational interviewing could be used with this offender.
· Describe how you would take this offender's culture and mental capacity into consideration when communicating with him.
· Describe how the use of jargon may affect communicating with this offender.
Include a minimum of three reputable sources.
Format any citations in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Individuals With Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System The Case of Richard P. Arthur J. Lurigio Loyola University Chicago, Illinois John Fallon Thresholds This paper presents a case study that illuminates the clinical and practical challenges that accompany the treatment of people with serious mental illness (SMI) and criminal involvement. We discuss the historical conditions that led to the influx of a large number of people with SMI into the criminal justice system. We discuss the case history of Richard P., which illustrates the use of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) to care for criminally involved people with SMI. We focus on the ACT model that was employed by Thresholds to treat Richard P. It was known as the Thresholds Jail Program. We track his progress in the program and explicate the case management considerations that are most salient in treating offenders with SMI. Keywords: criminalization, mental illness, crime, deinstitutionalization, mental health services, probation, ACT 1 Theoretical and Research Basis Fundamental changes in mental health policies and laws have brought criminal justice professionals into contact with the seriously mentally ill at every stage of the justice process: police arrest people with serious mental illness (SMI) because few other options are readily available to handle their disruptive public behaviors; jail and prison administrators strain to attend to the care and safety of the mentally ill; judges grapple with limited sentencing alternatives for individuals with SMI who fall outside of specific forensic categories (e.g., guilty but mentally ill); and probation and parole officers scramble to obtain scarce community services and treatments for people with SMI and attempt to fit them into standard correctional programs or monito.
INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES...
Abstract: Kenya prison rehabilitation strategies are strategies that are used in reforming offenders in prisons. The programs consists of training activities which include vocational training such as carpentry, masonry, tailoring and building that are carried out to reform offenders. The researcher adopted a case study design. It targeted a sample of 150 inmates through snow ball and stratified sampling. Data was collected through administration of questionnaire to the selected respondents. Descriptive statistics such as tabulations, frequencies, percentages were used to summarize, describe, analyze, and present the statistical information of this study. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. Data was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis to determine relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. The study findings concluded that industry skills training for the inmates contributes greatly towards reformation of inmates and that increasing the education level of inmates does necessarily contribute significantly to reformation of inmates. The study established that spiritual emphasis of the life of inmates significantly contributes to the reformation of inmates
Keywords: Industry Skills, Education Level, Spiritual Programmes, Reformation, Reformation.
Title: INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES: A CASE STUDY ON KISII MAIN PRISON
Author: Anyika Cetrick Matakayia, Prof. Maria Onyango, Dr. Michael Nyagol
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
Week 5 CEA ProjectAssignment Task Submit to complete th
This document provides instructions for a Week 5 CEA Project assignment. Students are asked to revise their Week 3 paper based on instructor feedback, add two additional scholarly articles to the literature review section, research and analyze an additional law or regulation, research and summarize at least two additional related cases, and write a summary/conclusion section. The paper should be 10-14 pages following APA format. Feedback from the instructor on the Week 3 submission is provided, noting that the student completed all tasks but could provide more in-depth analysis and ensure full citation of sources. Overall, the work was well-done but some sections lacked full citation and references. The instructor encourages the student to review the rubric and ask any questions.
10 California’s Correctional Drug Treatment SystemWilliam M. Bu.docx
10 California’s Correctional Drug Treatment System
William M. Burdon, Michael L. Prendergast, and Harry K. WexlerACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND DISCLAIMER
This paper was supported by interagency agreements (Contracts C97.355 & C98.346) between the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Office of Substance Abuse Programs (CDCR-OSAP) and the UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs (ISAP). Opinions and views expressed herein are those of the authors solely. They do not necessarily represent the opinions or views of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation or its employees. Inquiries should be directed to William M. Burdon, Ph.D., UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025; E-mail address: [email protected].ABSTRACT
Since 1997, California has been engaged in the largest expansion of prison-based treatment of its kind in the nation and perhaps even the world. This chapter provides a historical overview of the California correctional drug treatment system, including the current expansion of prison-based treatment programs and the related system of aftercare treatment. Findings from a series of evaluation studies of prison-based treatment programs in California are presented and discussed, as are the findings from continuing analyses that have been performed on data collected from these evaluations. The collective body of findings that have been generated from the California correctional drug treatment system have made a substantial contribution to the literature on corrections-based treatment. However, there remains much to be learned about how to further enhance the effectiveness of treatment for offenders. To that end, the chapter concludes with a discussion of how the expanding and evolving body of literature can be used to inform and advance corrections-based substance abuse treatment, not only in California, but nationwide.INTRODUCTION
Over the past 40 years, therapeutic communities (TCs) have flourished in many states, primarily in community-based settings. However, it has only been in the past decade that they have emerged as the “treatment of choice” for dealing with substance-abusing offenders in prison settings (Inciardi, 1996; Wexler, 1995). Perhaps nowhere has this been more apparent than in California, which, since 1997, has been engaged in the largest expansion of prison-based substance abuse treatment ever undertaken in the United States; perhaps even the world. This chapter documents the story of the California correctional drug treatment system to date.
The story of the California correctional drug treatment system begins with the opening of the Amity TC at the R. J. Donovan Corrections Center in San Diego in 1989. Early evaluations of this and other prison-based TC programs, which showed the benefits of providing in-prison substance abuse treatment using the TC model, formed the foundation for legislation to expand the number of in-prison TC tre ...
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industri.docx
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industrial Complex
Amber Edwards
Sco 102
Instructor: Craig Allen
5/3/2020
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industrial Complex
The United States experienced stability in the rates of imprisonment from the year 1920 to early 1970s. However, that has changed over the past four decades considering that the rates of imprisonment have multiplied. Currently, the United Sates has over 2.2 million incarcerated adults which is by far the largest population globally. The rapid increase of incarceration in the US for the past four decades has prompted various critiques including the question as to why there is a large population of incarcerated citizens.
The aim of this paper is to argue on the ethical issues existing with the mass incarceration particularly the breaches that occur minus ethics. Also the paper will discuss the constitutes of ethical behaviour within the U.S system by using Utilitarianism, Ethical Egoism, Deontology which will shed light on the concerns of mass incarceration as well as the prison industrial complex.
Incarceration is among the most applicable strategies to handle social issues which act as an interference to the poor. Generally, the problems are joined together and defined as crime. The most targeted population in this case are people of color (Wagner & Sawyer, 2018). Some of the impacts of the increased rates of incarceration are homelessness, drug addiction, mental illnesses, unemployment and many more. Generally, prisons do not make the social issues or crimes go away rather, they make people disappear. The practice of making people disappear away from immigrants the poor as well as racially marginalized societies has currently become a business.
The increase in the rates of imprisonment is among the most systematic applied government social program in the contemporary world. However, issues such as criminalization, social profiling and mass imprisoning of people of color is the main challenge in the criminal justice system. Another ethical concern is making mass incarceration a source of income or rather a business. Prison privatization is also another ethical concern which is the capital’s contemporary movement in the prison industry. Generally, government run prisons are typically in gross violation particularly in international human rights standards making the private prisons less liable. Incarceration is nothing less than slavery considering that a large number if these inmates offer labor services to a country without a living wage, bargaining power of even labor protections. Generally, labor is the only thing the imprisoners can withhold.
The breaches of ethics in slavery, racial profiling and using incarceration for profiting purposes in the prison industry are too much. Among the ethical breach that is reflective is the health in the system. Both mental and physical health of the inmates is a primary concern considering that a large number of the inmates suffer.
Presentatie Do 1e Ronde
The document discusses two traditions of prison-based therapeutic communities: the democratic approach developed by Maxwell Jones and the hierarchical concept-based approach modeled after Synanon. While the two approaches developed independently and have some differences in philosophy, they also share some common concepts and have influenced each other over time, with the hierarchical approach now incorporating social learning and the democratic approach utilizing some behavioral techniques within the prison setting. Both aim to promote therapeutic change through community and social interaction among residents.
Running Header CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS I.docx
Running Header: CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 1
Critical Issues To Correctional Institutions in the U.S.
Name
CRJ 465
Instructor’s Name
Date
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 2
There are many contemporary issues that are found within the American penal system.
Perhaps we are not fully aware of these issues and just how much they affect the American penal
system. Though we are aware that there are issues, we may not be completely aware of just how
much they affect the everyday functioning of the correctional systems. We are not fully aware of
the funding problems, or the overcrowding problems, or just how much violence takes place in
prisons. These three issues seem to be the worst of all the issues that these facilities face.
Funding
Correctional facilities, just like any other business, do not operate for free. Total state
expenditures on prisons and related activities were about $9.6 billion in the mid-1980’s, where
about 40 percent of all state prison construction was financed by a pay-as-you-go method, and 50
percent was paid by general obligation bonds, and the remaining 10 percent was financed using
lease revenue bonds and other revenue streams. By 1996, total state expenditures for prisons
were estimated to be $22 billion, and more than half of all the debt issued to finance prisons was
carried out through a specific variant of lease-revenue bonds which were called certificates of
participation (Public Bonds, 2004). According to the staff at Vera’s Center on Sentencing and
Corrections and Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit, after surveying 40 states in an effort to calculate the
taxpayer’s cost of prisons, the cost of prisons was $39 billion in 2010, which was $5.4 billion
more than what their corrections budgets reflected (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). Over the
past 40 years, the U.S. has seen a dramatic increase in prison population, and as a result, the
country’s state prison population has grown by more than 700 percent since the 1970’s. This has
come at great cost to taxpayers (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). At the end of 2012, the United
States prison population was 1,571,013, which is actually a decline for the third straight
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 3
consecutive year. More plans are under way in an effort to lower the number of people who are
incarcerated in the U.S., which will help lower the cost of running these facilities as well.
America exceeds every other country in prison inmate population. Attorney General Eric Holder
announced sweeping plans that will be designed to address the issue through drug sentencing
reform and this means that low level drug offenders could be subjected to some type of treatment
or community service programs rather than prison time. There are also plans of implementing
and expanding prison programs that would a.
Out There The Ecology of Addiction in Drug Abuse Treat.docx
"Out There": The Ecology of Addiction in Drug Abuse Treatment Discourse
Author(s): Darin Weinberg
Source: Social Problems, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Nov., 2000), pp. 606-621
Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for the Study of Social
Problems
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097137
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"Out There": The Ecology of Addiction in
Drug Abuse Treatment Discourse
DARIN WEINBERG, University of Cambridge, UK
A growing trend in social research concerning illicit drug use has entailed suspending regard for conven-
tional questions such as the etiology of drug problems and the outcomes achieved by assorted interventions in
favor of focusing analytic attention on how drug problems are socially constructed in and through human
praxis. In this paper, I use a constructionist approach to demonstrate and explain endogenous accounts of what I
am calling the ecology of addiction in drug abuse treatment discourse. These accounts posit a space "out there"
marked by its degradation, dirtiness, solitude, and savagery which commonly tempts those who must live there
to also behave amorally, licentiously, and/or savagely I explain these accounts by showing their fundamental
utility in light of specific conceptual puzzles that participants in drug abuse treatment discourse must inevitably
solve. Namely, speaking in terms of this ecology of addiction provides participants with a compelling narrative
means for reconcilzng the following two claims: 1) they are chronically prone to enslavement by their addictions,
and 2) their addictions can be controlled through ongoing participation in a communal project of mutual help
Over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there emerged a fairly coher-
ent discourse regarding both the clinical characteristics of drug addiction and the appropriate
methods for its treatment (Baumohl and Room 1987; Levine 1978; Schneider 1978). Origi-
nally, medical professionals like Benjamin Rush were prominent among those who claimed
addiction was not so much a moral failing as a medical condition that demanded medical treat-
ment. However, despite their claims-making successes, medical professionals have .
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set.docx
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set of three chapters, encompasses county and state jails, prisons, community corrections, including probation and parole, and various correctional programs. Correctional professionals, like law enforcement and legal professionals, have a great deal of discretion and power over the lives of offenders.
As you may know, the United States has about 2.1 million people in jails and prisons. We incarcerate many more people per capita than other western, industrialized countries. At a rate of about 700 per 100,000, the United States incarcerates about seven times more people than Norway (72), France (98), or Canada (118) and a little less than five times more people than the United Kingdom (147) (Wagner and Walsh, 2016).
The reason our imprisonment rate is so much higher is not because of higher crime, but, because of our inclination to punish with incarceration rather than any other sentencing alternative (Raphael and Stoll, 2008). A careful analysis of sentencing patterns by Pfaff (2011) shows that the dramatic increase in
incarceration rates that began in the 1980s was largely due to the decision of prosecutors to seek prison terms for convicted individuals, and, to a lesser extent, increased sentence length and changes in parole release and revocation.
Further, we were roughly comparable to other countries in our punishment practices until the 1980s, at which time the incarceration rates increased dramatically every year. Recently, the rate and numbers in prison have plateaued, and many states, have even showed decreases in the number incarcerated (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016; Pollock, 2016). The number incarcerated in jail or prison decreased by 2.3 percent from 2014 and was its lowest level since 2004 (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016). Some states have created double-digit declines since 1999, including New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and California. Interestingly, states’ decrease or increase in the number of people imprisoned does not seem to show any correlation with whether the state’s crime rate has increased or decreased (Pew Research Center, 2016).
While the incarceration rate per 100,000 is 466 for white men, it is 1,130 for Hispanic men and an amazing 2,791 for black men. Women are incarcerated at a much lower rate: 51 per 100,000 white women are incarcerated, compared to 65 for Hispanic women and 113 per 100,000 for black women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2015). At year-end 2015 an estimated 6,741,400 persons were supervised by U.S. adult correctional systems (prison, jail, probation, or parole). This is a decrease of about 115,600 persons from year-end 2014 and represents almost 3 percent of the total adult population. The interested reader can go to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (https://bjs.gov/) to see how imprisonment patterns have changed over the years.
It is important to emphasize that the imprisonment patterns we see are a function of individual discretion on the par.
c h a p t e r 1 4Juvenile Corrections Probation,Commun.docx
c h a p t e r 1 4
Juvenile Corrections: Probation,
Community Treatment,
and Institutionalization
CHAPTER OUTLINE
JUVENILE PROBATION
Historical Development
Expanding Community Treatment
Contemporary Juvenile Probation
Organization and Administration
Duties of Juvenile Probation Officers
PROBATION INNOVATIONS
Intensive Supervision
Electronic Monitoring
Balanced Probation
Restitution
Residential Community Treatment
What Does This Mean to Me?
Community Treatment for Juvenile
Offenders: Not in My Backyard
SECURE CORRECTIONS
History of Juvenile Institutions
JUVENILE INSTITUTIONS TODAY:
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
Population Trends
Physical Conditions
THE INSTITUTIONALIZED JUVENILE
Male Inmates
Female Inmates
CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT FOR JUVENILES
Individual Treatment Techniques:
Past and Present
Group Treatment Techniques
Educational, Vocational, and
Recreational Programs
Wilderness Programs
Juvenile Boot Camps
THE LEGAL RIGHT TO TREATMENT
The Struggle for Basic Civil Rights
JUVENILE AFTERCARE
Supervision
Aftercare Revocation Procedures
Preventing and Treating Delinquency:
Using the Intensive Aftercare Program
(IAP) Model
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter you
should:
1. Be able to distinguish between
community treatment and institu-
tional treatment for juvenile
offenders.
2. Be familiar with the disposition of
probation, including how it is
administered and by whom and
recent trends in its use compared
with other dispositions.
3. Be aware of new approaches for
providing probation services to
juvenile offenders and comment on
their effectiveness in reducing
recidivism.
4. Understand key historical develop-
ments of secure juvenile corrections
in this country, including the prin-
ciple of least restrictive alternative.
5. Be familiar with recent trends in
the use of juvenile institutions for
juvenile offenders and how their
use differs across states.
6. Understand key issues facing the
institutionalized juvenile offender.
7. Be able to identify the various
juvenile correctional treatment
approaches that are in use today
and comment on their effective-
ness in reducing recidivism.
8. Know the nature of aftercare
for juvenile offenders. 337
Co
ur
te
sy
o
f C
N
N
Juvenile Delinquency: The Core COPYRIGHT © 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc
338 C H A P T E R 1 4
There is a wide choice of correctional treatments available for juveniles, which can be
subdivided into two major categories: community treatment and institutional treat-
ment. Community treatment refers to efforts to provide care, protection, and treat-
ment for juveniles in need. These efforts include probation; treatment services (such
as individual and group counseling); restitution; and other programs. The term com-
munity treatment also refers to the use of privately maintained residences, such as
foster homes, small-group homes, and boarding schools, which are located in the
community. Nonresidential programs, where youths remain in their ...
Part 1IDOC (2022) lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana for adul
Part 1
IDOC (2022) lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana for adult males. These facilities differ in several aspects, such as size and security levels. Consequently, they are classified into a minimum, medium, and maximum facilities. Minimum prisons are the least restrictive and only house, nonviolent offenders. In total, Indiana has 3 minimum prisons for male adults. Conversely, medium prison has lesser security compared to minimum prisons, and movements are a bit restricted than in minimum prions, with the New Castle Correctional Facility and Westville Correctional Facility being the largest ones. As shown at
dissertation writing service
, maximum prisons are the most secured prison facilities as people convicted in these facilities committed violent crimes. The inmates’ movements are greatly restricted and are under strict surveillance. The state has 3 maximum prisons, with Indian State prison and Pendleton Correctional Facility being the largest.
Part 2
Solitary confinements are some of the improvements that may be done to adult correctional facilities for various reasons. To begin with, they may be meant for people who are unruly. While it may be thought that only minors do not follow the rules, adults too fall culprits of lawlessness and talk back to some obvious orders and therefore necessitate confinement from the rest. Additionally, concerns linked to the safety of staff or other inmates may compel the use of solitary confinements (Ahalt et al., 2017). Particularly, known or suspected gangs may pose a threat and calls for keen management under the solitary confinements. Moreover, the need for own protection may require solitary confinements, especially for sex offenders, transgender, or sexually vulnerable. Lastly, solitary confinement may be used for clinical reasons, especially among the mentally ill who have difficulty conforming to the rules (Kaba et al., 2014).
While solitary confinement is believed to be helpful, it has several associated issues that deem it unfit for the inmates and even staff. According to Ahalt et al. (2017), solitary confinement leads to severe psychological effects and becomes riskier for people who experience it. Ahalt et al. (2017) relate such effects to a deprivation of social contacts among these people, leading to the stress of being isolated. Also, solitary confinement may lead to physical health problems for the victim (Ahalt et al., 2017; Cloud et al., 2015). Such effects lead to effects that are long term and some are short-loved. One of the long term effects of solitary confinement is that it tenders victims incapable of living anywhere else. When such prisoners are released to the outside world or back to prisons to reunite with the rest, they are quite overwhelmed with anxiety and sometimes reach a level in which they are frightened by the people around them. Some of the short-term effects of solitary confinement include withdrawal, emotional breakdowns, hypersensitivity, anxiety, loss ...
The Sweet spot
You will have a chance to engage in activities that help students connect their academic studies and Bonner service experiences through hands-on projects. Additionally, we will talk on a broader level about strategies that are effective for students to get their Bonner Programs more connected with faculty, coursework, and academic experience in general.
HOW ISthe argument built What comes firstDO THEpoi.docx
HOW IS
the argument built?
What comes first?
DO THE
points follow a logical sequence
or timeline?
HOW DID
the author divide the sections?
DID THE
author use a compare and
contrast analysis?
DID THE
author present a problem and
its solution?
STRUCTURE
OF THE
ARGUMENT
WHAT IS
the tone?
DOES THE
word selection reveal
any biases?
IS THE LANGUAGE
clear and vigorous?
LANGUAGE
WHOM IS
the author addressing?
WHAT IS
the author’s purpose?
WHAT EVIDENCE
is used to support the author’s
argument?
WHAT IS
the context of the work?
CONTENT
KNOW WHICH QUESTIONS TO ASK WHEN ANALYZING:
Adapted from the Understanding Arguments page from
the Walden University Writing Center website.
UNDERSTANDING
ARGUMENTS
WEEK
2
© 2015 Laureate Education, Inc.
Running head: OVERCROWDED PRISONS1
OVERCROWDED PRISONS7
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
Alyssa Cunningham
CJA/355
Matthew Kite
March 5, 2018
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
The correctional system plays an important role in the criminal justice system. Imprisonment serves as a method of locking away dangerous people for the purpose of protecting the public and rehabilitating people who have been caught committing various crimes so that they can be ready to be assimilated back into the communities with a lower risk of recidivism. Prisons also serve as a way of punishment, to discourage wrongdoing among the public. Due to these important roles, the criminal justice system has to imprison people. However, the system has experienced a huge problem of overcrowding because of the high rate of incarceration and the low availability of resources.
Problem Identification
Overcrowding of prisons is a huge problem that affects the United States criminal justice system. The United States prison population is growing at a higher rate than the government has been able to control. The number of incarcerated people was grown significantly between 1970 and 1990 during the government’s ‘war on drugs’ when the drug laws were enhanced to include more serious punishments for people involved in drug crimes. Additionally, the high prison population in the United States has been shown to be a result of the poor rehabilitation abilities of the prison system (Williams & Porter, 2016). Studies have shown that a majority of prisoners in the country are recidivists and drug offenders. The issue of prison overcrowding is a problem mainly because of the understaffing and the underfunding, which makes the prison conditions relatively poor. Therefore, it is important that this problem is examined and solutions developed to solve it.
Quantifying the Problem
Imprisonment is the most common form of punishment for criminal activity in the United States. It is estimated that America has the second highest imprisonment rate per capita in the world, only after Seychelles. As at 2014, it was recorded that there are 735 incarcerated people per 100,000 of the population. This value was increased by approximat ...
Corrections
The corrections system has evolved from its emphasis on punishment under penology to focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders back into society. It aims to protect the public, punish criminal behavior, and reform offenders. Congress passed laws in the 1920s-1930s limiting the sales of prison-made goods, forcing prisons to find new ways to operate. The rehabilitative era emphasized treatment programs and preparing inmates for release, influenced by the medical model of viewing criminals as "sick" and needing treatment. Current goals of corrections include punishment, rehabilitation, incapacitation of offenders, deterrence of crime, and restoration of the victim and community.
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as ...
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as.
Why restorative justice_will_not_reduce
Restorative justice goals are frequently articulated on micro, meso and macro levels. One macrolevel
goal frequently made by advocates is that restorative justice may serve as a viable means
of reducing incarceration. Focusing on Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the
United States, this article argues that while these countries have seen some of the largest increases
in incarceration within western industrialized countries, as well as the most widespread use of
restorative justice, there is little evidence that restorative justice has reduced prison populations. It
also argues that as currently practiced there is little reason to assume that restorative justice will
have a significant impact on incarceration in the near future. Attention is given to the problem of
the ‘transformation assumption’ inherent in restorative justice that micro-level changes in offender
behaviours or restorative outcomes can significantly affect the larger social structures of punishment
and incarceration.
Part 1 IDOC lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana.docx
The document discusses Indiana prison facilities and solitary confinement. It notes that Indiana has 15 adult male prison facilities that vary in security level from minimum to maximum. Minimum facilities house nonviolent offenders with lesser restrictions, while maximum facilities house violent offenders under strict surveillance. Solitary confinement is discussed as being used for unruly inmates, gang members, or those needing protection, but it can have severe psychological and physical health effects. The document also examines the pains of imprisonment, including loss of liberty and autonomy, and suggests reforms like reducing overuse of prisons and improving rehabilitation programs.
Prison Over Crowding Research Paper
This document discusses the issue of prison overcrowding in the United States. It proposes amending laws to allow alternative rehabilitation programs for non-violent drug offenders instead of incarceration. This aims to address overcrowding by reducing prison populations. Overcrowding creates unsafe and unsanitary conditions for inmates and staff. Possible solutions mentioned include increasing funding, reforming sentencing guidelines, and programs to reduce recidivism.
SW603 SJAP presentation - final
This document summarizes a presentation on mental illness among incarcerated individuals. It provides statistics showing high rates of mental illness among prison and jail populations. For example, approximately 60% of incarcerated individuals suffer from mental illness, around 5 times the general public rate. The document also discusses specific challenges in Louisville, such as overcrowding reducing resources for inmates. It then analyzes how five forms of oppression - marginalization, violence, exploitation, powerlessness and cultural imperialism - apply to incarcerated individuals with mental illness. Finally, it outlines the presentation's goals of identifying current mental health issues among inmates, recommending solutions, and strategies for social work curriculums to address this issue.
Effects of Imprisonment on Inmates at Industrial Area Remand and Lang’ata Wom...
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Social What directed your interest to this.docx
The document discusses why the person is interested in social work. They grew up seeing friends' parents addicted to drugs and in foster care, directing their interest to help address problems like drugs, poverty, and lack of guidance. Their goals are to open a teenage shelter and drug rehab programs one day. They believe their dedication enables them to study and practice social work to help address important social issues.
Soap notes will be uploaded to Moodle and put through.docx
This soap note documents a visit for a 65-year-old male patient complaining of headaches for the past two weeks. On examination, the patient's blood pressure was elevated on multiple readings. The assessment is essential (primary) hypertension. The plan includes starting hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily, as well as lifestyle modifications and follow up with his primary care provider in one week to evaluate blood pressure control. No referrals are needed at this time.
Social Poverty.docx
Poverty is one of four social issues that students must write a 400-450 word mini-essay about for a class assignment. The assignment requires students to choose three social issues to write about, with the fourth essay topic being on poverty. All four mini-essays must be combined into a single document and meet the 1,200 total word count for the assignment.
Soap Note Diabetes Mellitus.docx
1) This soap note document outlines the typical sections and information included in a soap note for a patient with diabetes mellitus. It includes sections for identifying data, subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan.
2) The subjective section includes symptoms, review of systems, past medical history, family history, social history, and allergies/medications as they relate to the complaint.
3) The objective section includes vital signs, physical exam findings described in detail for relevant systems, and any abnormalities fully described.
Social Disorganization.docx
Social disorganization refers to the inability of a community to realize common values or solve emerging problems. Socially disorganized neighborhoods typically have high rates of poverty, residential mobility, and ethnic heterogeneity which undermine the ability of a community to exercise informal social control. Research shows that socially disorganized areas tend to have weaker social ties between neighbors and higher crime rates.
SOC101 Assignment Sheet Interview.docx
This document provides instructions for a SOC101 assignment where students are asked to interview someone over age 65 about their experiences with age and happiness. The interview is meant to help students connect course concepts to real life by gaining perspectives from other demographics. Students are given qualitative questions to ask and should write a substantive report summarizing the conversation rather than providing a full transcript, keeping the subject anonymous.
Slide 1 Title Page Slide 2 3.docx
This presentation discusses the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder based on a case scenario. It outlines the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, describing treatment strategies and interventions for each, such as medications and therapies. The presentation concludes with a reference page.
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Running Header CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS I.docx
Running Header: CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 1
Critical Issues To Correctional Institutions in the U.S.
Name
CRJ 465
Instructor’s Name
Date
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 2
There are many contemporary issues that are found within the American penal system.
Perhaps we are not fully aware of these issues and just how much they affect the American penal
system. Though we are aware that there are issues, we may not be completely aware of just how
much they affect the everyday functioning of the correctional systems. We are not fully aware of
the funding problems, or the overcrowding problems, or just how much violence takes place in
prisons. These three issues seem to be the worst of all the issues that these facilities face.
Funding
Correctional facilities, just like any other business, do not operate for free. Total state
expenditures on prisons and related activities were about $9.6 billion in the mid-1980’s, where
about 40 percent of all state prison construction was financed by a pay-as-you-go method, and 50
percent was paid by general obligation bonds, and the remaining 10 percent was financed using
lease revenue bonds and other revenue streams. By 1996, total state expenditures for prisons
were estimated to be $22 billion, and more than half of all the debt issued to finance prisons was
carried out through a specific variant of lease-revenue bonds which were called certificates of
participation (Public Bonds, 2004). According to the staff at Vera’s Center on Sentencing and
Corrections and Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit, after surveying 40 states in an effort to calculate the
taxpayer’s cost of prisons, the cost of prisons was $39 billion in 2010, which was $5.4 billion
more than what their corrections budgets reflected (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). Over the
past 40 years, the U.S. has seen a dramatic increase in prison population, and as a result, the
country’s state prison population has grown by more than 700 percent since the 1970’s. This has
come at great cost to taxpayers (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). At the end of 2012, the United
States prison population was 1,571,013, which is actually a decline for the third straight
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 3
consecutive year. More plans are under way in an effort to lower the number of people who are
incarcerated in the U.S., which will help lower the cost of running these facilities as well.
America exceeds every other country in prison inmate population. Attorney General Eric Holder
announced sweeping plans that will be designed to address the issue through drug sentencing
reform and this means that low level drug offenders could be subjected to some type of treatment
or community service programs rather than prison time. There are also plans of implementing
and expanding prison programs that would a.
Out There The Ecology of Addiction in Drug Abuse Treat.docx
"Out There": The Ecology of Addiction in Drug Abuse Treatment Discourse
Author(s): Darin Weinberg
Source: Social Problems, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Nov., 2000), pp. 606-621
Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for the Study of Social
Problems
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"Out There": The Ecology of Addiction in
Drug Abuse Treatment Discourse
DARIN WEINBERG, University of Cambridge, UK
A growing trend in social research concerning illicit drug use has entailed suspending regard for conven-
tional questions such as the etiology of drug problems and the outcomes achieved by assorted interventions in
favor of focusing analytic attention on how drug problems are socially constructed in and through human
praxis. In this paper, I use a constructionist approach to demonstrate and explain endogenous accounts of what I
am calling the ecology of addiction in drug abuse treatment discourse. These accounts posit a space "out there"
marked by its degradation, dirtiness, solitude, and savagery which commonly tempts those who must live there
to also behave amorally, licentiously, and/or savagely I explain these accounts by showing their fundamental
utility in light of specific conceptual puzzles that participants in drug abuse treatment discourse must inevitably
solve. Namely, speaking in terms of this ecology of addiction provides participants with a compelling narrative
means for reconcilzng the following two claims: 1) they are chronically prone to enslavement by their addictions,
and 2) their addictions can be controlled through ongoing participation in a communal project of mutual help
Over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there emerged a fairly coher-
ent discourse regarding both the clinical characteristics of drug addiction and the appropriate
methods for its treatment (Baumohl and Room 1987; Levine 1978; Schneider 1978). Origi-
nally, medical professionals like Benjamin Rush were prominent among those who claimed
addiction was not so much a moral failing as a medical condition that demanded medical treat-
ment. However, despite their claims-making successes, medical professionals have .
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set.docx
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set of three chapters, encompasses county and state jails, prisons, community corrections, including probation and parole, and various correctional programs. Correctional professionals, like law enforcement and legal professionals, have a great deal of discretion and power over the lives of offenders.
As you may know, the United States has about 2.1 million people in jails and prisons. We incarcerate many more people per capita than other western, industrialized countries. At a rate of about 700 per 100,000, the United States incarcerates about seven times more people than Norway (72), France (98), or Canada (118) and a little less than five times more people than the United Kingdom (147) (Wagner and Walsh, 2016).
The reason our imprisonment rate is so much higher is not because of higher crime, but, because of our inclination to punish with incarceration rather than any other sentencing alternative (Raphael and Stoll, 2008). A careful analysis of sentencing patterns by Pfaff (2011) shows that the dramatic increase in
incarceration rates that began in the 1980s was largely due to the decision of prosecutors to seek prison terms for convicted individuals, and, to a lesser extent, increased sentence length and changes in parole release and revocation.
Further, we were roughly comparable to other countries in our punishment practices until the 1980s, at which time the incarceration rates increased dramatically every year. Recently, the rate and numbers in prison have plateaued, and many states, have even showed decreases in the number incarcerated (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016; Pollock, 2016). The number incarcerated in jail or prison decreased by 2.3 percent from 2014 and was its lowest level since 2004 (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016). Some states have created double-digit declines since 1999, including New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and California. Interestingly, states’ decrease or increase in the number of people imprisoned does not seem to show any correlation with whether the state’s crime rate has increased or decreased (Pew Research Center, 2016).
While the incarceration rate per 100,000 is 466 for white men, it is 1,130 for Hispanic men and an amazing 2,791 for black men. Women are incarcerated at a much lower rate: 51 per 100,000 white women are incarcerated, compared to 65 for Hispanic women and 113 per 100,000 for black women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2015). At year-end 2015 an estimated 6,741,400 persons were supervised by U.S. adult correctional systems (prison, jail, probation, or parole). This is a decrease of about 115,600 persons from year-end 2014 and represents almost 3 percent of the total adult population. The interested reader can go to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (https://bjs.gov/) to see how imprisonment patterns have changed over the years.
It is important to emphasize that the imprisonment patterns we see are a function of individual discretion on the par.
c h a p t e r 1 4Juvenile Corrections Probation,Commun.docx
c h a p t e r 1 4
Juvenile Corrections: Probation,
Community Treatment,
and Institutionalization
CHAPTER OUTLINE
JUVENILE PROBATION
Historical Development
Expanding Community Treatment
Contemporary Juvenile Probation
Organization and Administration
Duties of Juvenile Probation Officers
PROBATION INNOVATIONS
Intensive Supervision
Electronic Monitoring
Balanced Probation
Restitution
Residential Community Treatment
What Does This Mean to Me?
Community Treatment for Juvenile
Offenders: Not in My Backyard
SECURE CORRECTIONS
History of Juvenile Institutions
JUVENILE INSTITUTIONS TODAY:
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
Population Trends
Physical Conditions
THE INSTITUTIONALIZED JUVENILE
Male Inmates
Female Inmates
CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT FOR JUVENILES
Individual Treatment Techniques:
Past and Present
Group Treatment Techniques
Educational, Vocational, and
Recreational Programs
Wilderness Programs
Juvenile Boot Camps
THE LEGAL RIGHT TO TREATMENT
The Struggle for Basic Civil Rights
JUVENILE AFTERCARE
Supervision
Aftercare Revocation Procedures
Preventing and Treating Delinquency:
Using the Intensive Aftercare Program
(IAP) Model
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter you
should:
1. Be able to distinguish between
community treatment and institu-
tional treatment for juvenile
offenders.
2. Be familiar with the disposition of
probation, including how it is
administered and by whom and
recent trends in its use compared
with other dispositions.
3. Be aware of new approaches for
providing probation services to
juvenile offenders and comment on
their effectiveness in reducing
recidivism.
4. Understand key historical develop-
ments of secure juvenile corrections
in this country, including the prin-
ciple of least restrictive alternative.
5. Be familiar with recent trends in
the use of juvenile institutions for
juvenile offenders and how their
use differs across states.
6. Understand key issues facing the
institutionalized juvenile offender.
7. Be able to identify the various
juvenile correctional treatment
approaches that are in use today
and comment on their effective-
ness in reducing recidivism.
8. Know the nature of aftercare
for juvenile offenders. 337
Co
ur
te
sy
o
f C
N
N
Juvenile Delinquency: The Core COPYRIGHT © 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc
338 C H A P T E R 1 4
There is a wide choice of correctional treatments available for juveniles, which can be
subdivided into two major categories: community treatment and institutional treat-
ment. Community treatment refers to efforts to provide care, protection, and treat-
ment for juveniles in need. These efforts include probation; treatment services (such
as individual and group counseling); restitution; and other programs. The term com-
munity treatment also refers to the use of privately maintained residences, such as
foster homes, small-group homes, and boarding schools, which are located in the
community. Nonresidential programs, where youths remain in their ...
Part 1IDOC (2022) lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana for adul
Part 1
IDOC (2022) lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana for adult males. These facilities differ in several aspects, such as size and security levels. Consequently, they are classified into a minimum, medium, and maximum facilities. Minimum prisons are the least restrictive and only house, nonviolent offenders. In total, Indiana has 3 minimum prisons for male adults. Conversely, medium prison has lesser security compared to minimum prisons, and movements are a bit restricted than in minimum prions, with the New Castle Correctional Facility and Westville Correctional Facility being the largest ones. As shown at
dissertation writing service
, maximum prisons are the most secured prison facilities as people convicted in these facilities committed violent crimes. The inmates’ movements are greatly restricted and are under strict surveillance. The state has 3 maximum prisons, with Indian State prison and Pendleton Correctional Facility being the largest.
Part 2
Solitary confinements are some of the improvements that may be done to adult correctional facilities for various reasons. To begin with, they may be meant for people who are unruly. While it may be thought that only minors do not follow the rules, adults too fall culprits of lawlessness and talk back to some obvious orders and therefore necessitate confinement from the rest. Additionally, concerns linked to the safety of staff or other inmates may compel the use of solitary confinements (Ahalt et al., 2017). Particularly, known or suspected gangs may pose a threat and calls for keen management under the solitary confinements. Moreover, the need for own protection may require solitary confinements, especially for sex offenders, transgender, or sexually vulnerable. Lastly, solitary confinement may be used for clinical reasons, especially among the mentally ill who have difficulty conforming to the rules (Kaba et al., 2014).
While solitary confinement is believed to be helpful, it has several associated issues that deem it unfit for the inmates and even staff. According to Ahalt et al. (2017), solitary confinement leads to severe psychological effects and becomes riskier for people who experience it. Ahalt et al. (2017) relate such effects to a deprivation of social contacts among these people, leading to the stress of being isolated. Also, solitary confinement may lead to physical health problems for the victim (Ahalt et al., 2017; Cloud et al., 2015). Such effects lead to effects that are long term and some are short-loved. One of the long term effects of solitary confinement is that it tenders victims incapable of living anywhere else. When such prisoners are released to the outside world or back to prisons to reunite with the rest, they are quite overwhelmed with anxiety and sometimes reach a level in which they are frightened by the people around them. Some of the short-term effects of solitary confinement include withdrawal, emotional breakdowns, hypersensitivity, anxiety, loss ...
The Sweet spot
You will have a chance to engage in activities that help students connect their academic studies and Bonner service experiences through hands-on projects. Additionally, we will talk on a broader level about strategies that are effective for students to get their Bonner Programs more connected with faculty, coursework, and academic experience in general.
HOW ISthe argument built What comes firstDO THEpoi.docx
HOW IS
the argument built?
What comes first?
DO THE
points follow a logical sequence
or timeline?
HOW DID
the author divide the sections?
DID THE
author use a compare and
contrast analysis?
DID THE
author present a problem and
its solution?
STRUCTURE
OF THE
ARGUMENT
WHAT IS
the tone?
DOES THE
word selection reveal
any biases?
IS THE LANGUAGE
clear and vigorous?
LANGUAGE
WHOM IS
the author addressing?
WHAT IS
the author’s purpose?
WHAT EVIDENCE
is used to support the author’s
argument?
WHAT IS
the context of the work?
CONTENT
KNOW WHICH QUESTIONS TO ASK WHEN ANALYZING:
Adapted from the Understanding Arguments page from
the Walden University Writing Center website.
UNDERSTANDING
ARGUMENTS
WEEK
2
© 2015 Laureate Education, Inc.
Running head: OVERCROWDED PRISONS1
OVERCROWDED PRISONS7
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
Alyssa Cunningham
CJA/355
Matthew Kite
March 5, 2018
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
The correctional system plays an important role in the criminal justice system. Imprisonment serves as a method of locking away dangerous people for the purpose of protecting the public and rehabilitating people who have been caught committing various crimes so that they can be ready to be assimilated back into the communities with a lower risk of recidivism. Prisons also serve as a way of punishment, to discourage wrongdoing among the public. Due to these important roles, the criminal justice system has to imprison people. However, the system has experienced a huge problem of overcrowding because of the high rate of incarceration and the low availability of resources.
Problem Identification
Overcrowding of prisons is a huge problem that affects the United States criminal justice system. The United States prison population is growing at a higher rate than the government has been able to control. The number of incarcerated people was grown significantly between 1970 and 1990 during the government’s ‘war on drugs’ when the drug laws were enhanced to include more serious punishments for people involved in drug crimes. Additionally, the high prison population in the United States has been shown to be a result of the poor rehabilitation abilities of the prison system (Williams & Porter, 2016). Studies have shown that a majority of prisoners in the country are recidivists and drug offenders. The issue of prison overcrowding is a problem mainly because of the understaffing and the underfunding, which makes the prison conditions relatively poor. Therefore, it is important that this problem is examined and solutions developed to solve it.
Quantifying the Problem
Imprisonment is the most common form of punishment for criminal activity in the United States. It is estimated that America has the second highest imprisonment rate per capita in the world, only after Seychelles. As at 2014, it was recorded that there are 735 incarcerated people per 100,000 of the population. This value was increased by approximat ...
Corrections
The corrections system has evolved from its emphasis on punishment under penology to focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders back into society. It aims to protect the public, punish criminal behavior, and reform offenders. Congress passed laws in the 1920s-1930s limiting the sales of prison-made goods, forcing prisons to find new ways to operate. The rehabilitative era emphasized treatment programs and preparing inmates for release, influenced by the medical model of viewing criminals as "sick" and needing treatment. Current goals of corrections include punishment, rehabilitation, incapacitation of offenders, deterrence of crime, and restoration of the victim and community.
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as ...
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as.
Why restorative justice_will_not_reduce
Restorative justice goals are frequently articulated on micro, meso and macro levels. One macrolevel
goal frequently made by advocates is that restorative justice may serve as a viable means
of reducing incarceration. Focusing on Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the
United States, this article argues that while these countries have seen some of the largest increases
in incarceration within western industrialized countries, as well as the most widespread use of
restorative justice, there is little evidence that restorative justice has reduced prison populations. It
also argues that as currently practiced there is little reason to assume that restorative justice will
have a significant impact on incarceration in the near future. Attention is given to the problem of
the ‘transformation assumption’ inherent in restorative justice that micro-level changes in offender
behaviours or restorative outcomes can significantly affect the larger social structures of punishment
and incarceration.
Part 1 IDOC lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana.docx
The document discusses Indiana prison facilities and solitary confinement. It notes that Indiana has 15 adult male prison facilities that vary in security level from minimum to maximum. Minimum facilities house nonviolent offenders with lesser restrictions, while maximum facilities house violent offenders under strict surveillance. Solitary confinement is discussed as being used for unruly inmates, gang members, or those needing protection, but it can have severe psychological and physical health effects. The document also examines the pains of imprisonment, including loss of liberty and autonomy, and suggests reforms like reducing overuse of prisons and improving rehabilitation programs.
Prison Over Crowding Research Paper
This document discusses the issue of prison overcrowding in the United States. It proposes amending laws to allow alternative rehabilitation programs for non-violent drug offenders instead of incarceration. This aims to address overcrowding by reducing prison populations. Overcrowding creates unsafe and unsanitary conditions for inmates and staff. Possible solutions mentioned include increasing funding, reforming sentencing guidelines, and programs to reduce recidivism.
SW603 SJAP presentation - final
This document summarizes a presentation on mental illness among incarcerated individuals. It provides statistics showing high rates of mental illness among prison and jail populations. For example, approximately 60% of incarcerated individuals suffer from mental illness, around 5 times the general public rate. The document also discusses specific challenges in Louisville, such as overcrowding reducing resources for inmates. It then analyzes how five forms of oppression - marginalization, violence, exploitation, powerlessness and cultural imperialism - apply to incarcerated individuals with mental illness. Finally, it outlines the presentation's goals of identifying current mental health issues among inmates, recommending solutions, and strategies for social work curriculums to address this issue.
Effects of Imprisonment on Inmates at Industrial Area Remand and Lang’ata Wom...
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
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Part 1IDOC (2022) lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana for adul
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HOW ISthe argument built What comes firstDO THEpoi.docx
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Part 1 IDOC lists 15 prison facilities in Indiana.docx
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- 1. Attica Prison Riots Goals and Challenges in Rehabilitative Treatment in Prison.Name:Professor:Course code:Date submitted: Question: During the 1970s, as result of the Attica Prison riots and other social forces such as the civil rights movement, changes began to occur within the management of prisons that led to the development of more humane prison environments. Many prison officials no longer viewed offenders as second-class citizens without rights. Since the 1820s when the American penitentiary was begun, the goal has been to transform law breakers into law abiding citizens. Even after the prolonged advocacy of being tough on criminals, rehabilitation still remains an important part of the correctional enterprise with support of the public (Edscorn & Radcliff, 2003).History reminds us of the four day Attica prison riot that was considered the bloodiest insurrection in United States history. The prisoners were protesting about the living conditions in the overcrowded prison, took prison employees hostage and gained control of portions of the prison. When talks broke down between the prisoners and a committee of observers that included politicians and journalists, Nelson Rockefeller ordered the prison to be taken by force. This resulted in the deaths of 10 hostages and 29 inmates and another 80 people that were seriously wounded by police gunfire. This riot led to changes that aimed to improve living conditions in prisons and showed prisoners had rights with the advocacy from civil rights movements among other social forces (Tartaro, 2012).The main goal of rehabilitative treatment program is the reformation of prisoners to enable them starts normal lives free from crime in the society. The best rehabilitation program for prisoners does not only help the prisoner but also helps the society at large. One of the rehabilitation goals is education and work programs which are the mostly used mode of treatment in USA. This is usually very successful if it’ s aimed at the low skill inmates and reduces cases of post ‘ recidivism’ . This approach enables inmates enroll in ‘ adult basic education’ and life skill training like how to apply for a job, money and household management among others (Edscorn & Radcliff, 2003).Another program is the psychological counseling programs that aim to address the causes of the underlying problems like drug addiction, sexual offences among others. In some prisons they have separate treatment units for drug addiction commonly called ” therapeutic communities” funded by the state in its Residential Substance Abuse Treatment. This is aimed at “ Reducing Offender Drug Use” . Also the cognitive behavioral treatment has been seen effective in treating offenders to forfeit their criminal way of life (Edscorn & Radcliff, 2003).Community based treatment includes Parole and Mandatory Supervised Release supervised by parole officers who monitor the
- 2. integration process with the community. Also the offenders not sentenced to prison are placed on parole. The parole officers act as monitoring and treatment officers to help offenders overcome their propensities to crime thus changing them to become solid citizens (Anderson, 2009).All these developments have been faced by various challenges that include crowding of state prisons. Crowding obliterates the rehabilitative process as it endangers both the inmates and correctional officers leading to frequent lockdowns. Crowding has been caused by the rising cases of crimes and convictions crippled by the development of new prisons in the various states (Wignall, 2004).Garcia, (2006) says management of Transfers between prisons due to the increasing populations in prisons causes disruption of rehabilitation programs of the offenders. This leads to the failure to provide offenders with the interventions they need that was identified in sentencing as they could be moved to prisons lacking those specific programs.Another challenge is that prison has been viewed as an alternative lifestyle as criminals behind bars now-a-days expect not only comfortable but carefree existence with provision of free food, lodging, athletics, entertainment and even medical care that has contributed to the increasing number of offenders (Garcia, 2006).In conclusion rehabilitation should always be a goal of imprisonment when feasible where educations treatments, substance abuse treatment, community release treatment among other such programs all have a place. There should be no mistake made because a jail sentence is a punishment and a deterrent to crime (Garcia, 2006). REFERENCESAnderson, L. (2009). Kicking the national habit: The legal and policy arguments for abolishing private prison contracts. Public Contract Law Journal, 39(1), 113- 135. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/218731975?accountid=45049Edscorn, S. R., & Radcliff, C. J. (2003). The Encyclopedia of American Prisons (Book). Reference & User Services Quarterly, 43(1), 80-81.Garcia, E. (2006, Feb 03). Prisons chief testifies reforms are under way: But Critic Charges System Is Deficient. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, pp. 1-1. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/461445067?accountid=45049Tartaro, C. (2012). Missed opportunities: learning from the mistakes at Attica. Contemporary Justice Review, 15(3), 339-358. doi:10.1080/10282580.2012.707468Wignall, R. A. (2004). An investigation of job satisfaction of florida state prison industry workers: An examination of herzberg two-factor theory. Capella University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 307 p. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/305043425?accountid=45049. (305043425).