This study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and relationship quality in emerging adults. Researchers surveyed 1,904 college students about their trauma history and relationship beliefs, skills, and quality. Results showed that experiencing more childhood trauma was associated with lower quality relationships with parents and grandparents, but not with siblings or friends. There was no significant relationship found between trauma and students' relationship beliefs or interpersonal skills. The researchers hypothesized that resilience and support from non-family relationships may help explain why trauma did not negatively impact all areas of relationships and functioning.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Provide a brief overview of the family members in the chosen case study.
Complete a genogram and ecomap.
Explain the key points of therapeutic conversation.
Formulate key questions for additional information.
Ensure your assessment addresses:
Identifying data
Developmental stage and history of family
Environmental data
Family structure
Family functions
Family stress and coping
Family composition
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Provide a brief overview of the family members in the chosen case study.
Complete a genogram and ecomap.
Explain the key points of therapeutic conversation.
Formulate key questions for additional information.
Ensure your assessment addresses:
Identifying data
Developmental stage and history of family
Environmental data
Family structure
Family functions
Family stress and coping
Family composition
This bundle of articles covers all of Dr. Embry's bold and original studies related to the largest youth violence prevention study in the US during the 1990s.
Resiliency as a Pathway of Influence for Childhood Trauma on Self-EsteemKamden Strunk
Research presentation by Langston University students and Kamden Strunk on Resiliency as a Pathway of Influence for Childhood Trauma on Self-Esteem. Originally presented at the Southwestern Psychological Association in 2013.
Wekerle CIHR Team - Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from ...Christine Wekerle
Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from Trauma To Resilience - Findings from The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Research Study
Child-Centered Play Therapy With Children Affected by AdverseJinElias52
Child-Centered Play Therapy With Children Affected by Adverse
Childhood Experiences: A Single-Case Design
Sara C. Haas
Northern Arizona University
Dee C. Ray
University of North Texas
We conducted single-case research with 2 participants to explore the influence of
child-centered play therapy (CCPT) on children who had 4 or more adverse childhood
experiences (ACEs) and analyzed data collected from the Strength and Difficulties
Questionnaire on a weekly basis and the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Young
Children at pre- and posttest. Both participants demonstrated significant improvement
in total difficulties and prosocial behaviors, revealing potential therapeutic benefits for
the use of CCPT with children who have 4 or more ACEs. The discussion of study
results includes implications for practice, suggestions for future research, and
limitations.
Keywords: child-centered play therapy, adverse childhood experiences, single-case
design
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can
be defined as traumatic and stressful experi-
ences occurring in childhood (Felitti et al.,
1998). Categories for ACEs include physical
abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emo-
tional neglect, physical neglect, mental illness,
substance abuse, separation/divorce, domestic
violence, incarceration, and living in foster care
(Felitti et al., 1998; Wade et al., 2016). The
commonality between all of the categories is a
self-report of feeling maltreated or living in
household dysfunction during childhood. The
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC, 2019) noted that over 50% of adults in
the United States have reported experiencing at
least one ACE, and 15% have reported experi-
encing four or more ACEs. Adverse experi-
ences occurring in childhood have been found
to have a profound influence on the health and
well-being of children and adults (Clarkson
Freeman, 2014; Felitti et al., 1998; Wade et al.,
2016). The resulting trauma that, over multiple
events, leads to complex trauma is a common
outcome and response to the experiencing of
adverse experiences (Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration [SAM-
HSA], 2018). Although various mental health
interventions have been proposed to address the
symptoms resulting from ACEs and childhood
trauma, there is still little evidence to support
positive treatment outcomes for children who
have experienced ACEs. Child-centered play
therapy (CCPT) fosters connections and rela-
tionships in a safe, therapeutic environment,
lending to the potential of CCPT being an ef-
fective intervention with children who have ex-
perienced multiple ACEs.
Broad Spectrum of ACEs Outcomes
Adverse experiences occurring in childhood
have been found to have a profound influence
on the health and well-being of adults (Felitti et
al., 1998; Wade et al., 2016). ACEs have long-
term effects on physical and mental health, ad-
dictive behaviors, criminal activities, and adult
relationships. As a result of ACEs, adults may
This article ...
This bundle of articles covers all of Dr. Embry's bold and original studies related to the largest youth violence prevention study in the US during the 1990s.
Resiliency as a Pathway of Influence for Childhood Trauma on Self-EsteemKamden Strunk
Research presentation by Langston University students and Kamden Strunk on Resiliency as a Pathway of Influence for Childhood Trauma on Self-Esteem. Originally presented at the Southwestern Psychological Association in 2013.
Wekerle CIHR Team - Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from ...Christine Wekerle
Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from Trauma To Resilience - Findings from The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Research Study
Child-Centered Play Therapy With Children Affected by AdverseJinElias52
Child-Centered Play Therapy With Children Affected by Adverse
Childhood Experiences: A Single-Case Design
Sara C. Haas
Northern Arizona University
Dee C. Ray
University of North Texas
We conducted single-case research with 2 participants to explore the influence of
child-centered play therapy (CCPT) on children who had 4 or more adverse childhood
experiences (ACEs) and analyzed data collected from the Strength and Difficulties
Questionnaire on a weekly basis and the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Young
Children at pre- and posttest. Both participants demonstrated significant improvement
in total difficulties and prosocial behaviors, revealing potential therapeutic benefits for
the use of CCPT with children who have 4 or more ACEs. The discussion of study
results includes implications for practice, suggestions for future research, and
limitations.
Keywords: child-centered play therapy, adverse childhood experiences, single-case
design
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can
be defined as traumatic and stressful experi-
ences occurring in childhood (Felitti et al.,
1998). Categories for ACEs include physical
abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emo-
tional neglect, physical neglect, mental illness,
substance abuse, separation/divorce, domestic
violence, incarceration, and living in foster care
(Felitti et al., 1998; Wade et al., 2016). The
commonality between all of the categories is a
self-report of feeling maltreated or living in
household dysfunction during childhood. The
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC, 2019) noted that over 50% of adults in
the United States have reported experiencing at
least one ACE, and 15% have reported experi-
encing four or more ACEs. Adverse experi-
ences occurring in childhood have been found
to have a profound influence on the health and
well-being of children and adults (Clarkson
Freeman, 2014; Felitti et al., 1998; Wade et al.,
2016). The resulting trauma that, over multiple
events, leads to complex trauma is a common
outcome and response to the experiencing of
adverse experiences (Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration [SAM-
HSA], 2018). Although various mental health
interventions have been proposed to address the
symptoms resulting from ACEs and childhood
trauma, there is still little evidence to support
positive treatment outcomes for children who
have experienced ACEs. Child-centered play
therapy (CCPT) fosters connections and rela-
tionships in a safe, therapeutic environment,
lending to the potential of CCPT being an ef-
fective intervention with children who have ex-
perienced multiple ACEs.
Broad Spectrum of ACEs Outcomes
Adverse experiences occurring in childhood
have been found to have a profound influence
on the health and well-being of adults (Felitti et
al., 1998; Wade et al., 2016). ACEs have long-
term effects on physical and mental health, ad-
dictive behaviors, criminal activities, and adult
relationships. As a result of ACEs, adults may
This article ...
1Running Head FINAL PROPOSAL CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEAL.docxdrennanmicah
1
Running Head: FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
2
FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
Diamond Newton
Southern New Hampshire University
March 3, 2019
Problem Statement
Several adults struggle from a variety of mental health issues (suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers.) A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood that stem from a variety of reasons. Some adults seek help and some refuse to seek help. The adults who do seek help come to realize that their current issues stem from when they were a child and still developing as a human. Child abuse can come in many forms, physical, mental, and sexual. Adults who have been exposed or experienced this are likely to suffer from some form of mental health issue. It is important to figure out the root of mental health issues in adults so the root can be addressed. Children need to be in a healthy environment with nothing short of love and care. Exposing children to a harsh reality is only breeding them into an adult who suffers from mental health issues.
Literature Review
The study of psychology helps researchers to understand better what is going on with a person. Researchers studied what happened in a person's life that causes them to make the decisions they do and behave in a certain way. Adults have this stigmatism that they can do whatever they want because they are "grown." Many adults suffer from something that can cause to lead towards suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers. A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood. There could be some reasons adults tend to display certain mental health traits that have been studied in many different forms by researchers. What we will be reviewed is the abuse, physical or mental, that an adult endured as a child and how it affects them in their adulthood.
Blanco, C., Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Lin, K. H., Olfson, M. Sugaya, L. (2012) recognized that child physical abuse had been associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts. The study conducted included Blacks, Hispanics and young adults between the ages of 18-24 in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005. In person, interviews were conducted in Wave 1. In Wave 2 used similar methods as Wave 1 but it excluded the individuals who were not eligible. Wave 2 also interviews went into depth about the questions asked for the participants first 17 years of life. There are many other variables that have been added to the data that relate to childhood physical abuse and mental health distress in adult years. Those other adversatives included the history of child sexual abuse and neglect, parental psychopathology, and perceived parental support, described as emotional neglect.
The advantages to this design would be the inclusion of other childhood adversities that could contribute to adult psychiatri.
Personality Factors as Related to Stresses among Parents of Mentally Sub-Norm...inventionjournals
The purpose of the present investigation was to study personality factors as related to stresses
among parents of mentally sub-normal children. To measure the level of stress 30 item stress factor scale based
on (Olley, Brieger and Olley, 1997) and for measuring personality, 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire Hindi
adaptation by S.D.Kapoor (1970) was administered to 150 parents of mentally sub-normal children. Subjects
were in the age range of 35 to 55 years and were residents of the city of Meerut. The high and low scorer on
different factors of 16 PF were compared in respect of their stress level in 6 areas namely, hospital factors,
disease factors, financial factors, familial factors, psychological factors. Result indicates that out of 16
personality factors 7 factors A, B, E, F, H, O and Q4 were found to be significant in contributing to stress level
of the respondents. However a majority of personality factors like C,G,I,L,M,N,Q1, Q2 and Q3 were found to be
insignificant in corroborating the stress level of the subject.
CORRELATION BETWEEN EMPATHY AND FRIENDSHIP QUALITY AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS...indexPub
In this research were used two questionnaires Empathy Formative questionnaire and Friendship Quality Scale. The aim of this study is to see the relationship between empathy and friendship quality among adolescent, to find out if there are gender differences in empathy and friendship quality, and to see if there are any differences between younger and older students on examined variables. This research was done with 65 high school students. Age of the students were 15 to 17 years old. Results show that there is a correlation between empathy and friendship quality. The results of t test show that there are not significant differences between females and males on variable empathy. Girls and boys have significant difference in friendship quality in Kosovo. There are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of empathy and also there are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of friendship quality.
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE12Implications for Trauma-InMalikPinckney86
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE 12Implications for Trauma-Informed Care: Adverse Childhood Trauma and Dissociation in the Lives of Male Offenders
Takia Owens
South University
CNS 6529 Research and Evaluation
Dr. Dan
3/8/2022
Abstract
Psychological abuse, household dysfunction, neglect, and physical abuse are examples of adverse childhood trauma. However, in efforts to support trauma-informed care for male offenders, the relationship between these adverse childhood traumatic events and dissociation must be determined. This study will utilize a qualitative research approach as well as a correlational research design. The study will include 30 participants drawn from Broad River and Lee county correction for the study.
Introduction
Adverse childhood experiences are traumatic events that occur in children aged 0 to 18, even before born in my opinion. An emotional abuse, a household dysfunction, neglect, and a physical abuse are examples of traumatic events. Adverse childhood trauma has long-term consequences in an individual's life, resulting in higher levels of dissociation. This disassociation is more pronounced in male offenders. These negative childhood experiences are also one of the factors that contributed to the crimes committed by these individuals. However, more research is needed to determine how these adverse childhood traumas relate to the dissociation in male offenders.
This relationship will be critical in informing the provision of trauma-informed care to these offenders. Trauma is described as a traumatic occurrence that threatens one's or others' bodily or psychological well-being and causes feelings of fear, helplessness, or shock (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Bloom, 2013). Traumatic events have been a part of human life since the beginning of time. Severe accidents, violence, personal assaults, or natural disasters could all be examples. Various historical events illustrate the various forms of trauma that can occur in human life. These experiences have resulted in the creation of numerous trauma sources that have improved human knowledge of trauma. Human beings, on the other hand, are still subjected to trauma that affects their emotional, physical, spiritual, and psychological well-being.
Physical attack, combat, accidents, and human or natural disasters have all resulted in males experiencing trauma. Most men live in diverse cities are affected by violent trauma. The previous study on this found that gun, violence, and drug crimes were more rampant among the repeat victims of violence as compared to those that were accidentally injured (Coope.et-al, 2000). TIC is focused on an increasing understanding of the adverse effects of psychological trauma.
Trauma-informed care has been shown to enhance criminal responsiveness to evidence-based cognitive behavioral treatment, which minimi ...
Early Head Start Relationships Associationwith Program Outc.docxsagarlesley
Early Head Start Relationships: Association
with Program Outcomes
James Elicker
Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
Xiaoli Wen
Early Childhood Education, National College of Education, National Louis University
Kyong-Ah Kwon
Department of Early Childhood Education, Georgia State University
Jill B. Sprague
Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
Research Findings: Interpersonal relationships among staff caregivers, parents, and children have
been recommended as essential aspects of early childhood intervention. This study explored the
associations of these relationships with program outcomes for children and parents in 3 Early Head
Start programs. A total of 71 children (8–35 months, M ¼ 20), their parents, and 33 program
caregivers participated. The results showed that caregiver–child relationships were moderately
positive, secure, and interactive and improved in quality over 6 months, whereas caregiver–parent
relationships were generally positive and temporally stable. Caregiver–child relationships were more
positive for girls, younger children, and those in home-visiting programs. Caregiver–parent relation-
ships were more positive when parents had higher education levels and when staff had more years of
experience, had more positive work environments, or had attained a Child Development Associate
credential or associate’s level of education rather than a 4-year academic degree. Hierarchical linear
modeling analysis suggested that the quality of the caregiver–parent relationship was a stronger
predictor of both child and parent outcomes than was the quality of the caregiver–child relationship.
There were also moderation effects: Stronger associations of caregiver–parent relationships with
observed positive parenting were seen in parents with lower education levels and when program
caregivers had higher levels of education. Practice or Policy: The results support the importance
of caregiver–family relationships in early intervention programs and suggest that staff need to be
prepared to build relationships with children and families in individualized ways. Limitations of this
study and implications for program improvements and future research are discussed.
Early Head Start is a federally funded community-based program for low-income families with
infants and toddlers and pregnant women, with goals to enhance child development and promote
healthy family functioning (Early Head Start National Resource Center, 2008). A guiding
Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to James Elicker, PhD, Department of Human Development
& Family Studies, Purdue University, Fowler Memorial House, 1200 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906-2055.
Early Education and Development, 24: 491–516
Copyright # 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 1040-9289 print/1556-6935 online
DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2012.695519
principle of Early Head Start is the importance of building pos ...
Association Between Relationship Quality and Childhood Trauma in Emerging Adults
1. Association Between Relationship Quality
and Childhood Trauma in Emerging Adults
Holly George, John Mattscheck, Kathleen Eldridge, PhD & Hannah Parmelee, MS
Pepperdine University
INTRODUCTION METHODS
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS
RESULTS
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
Holly George
M.A. Clinical Psychology Student
Pepperdine University
Graduate Sch of Educ and Psych
(818) 571-2431
Holly.George@Pepperdine.edu
This study examined the
relationship between the
experience of childhood
trauma and emerging adults’
ability to form and maintain
healthy relationships. Self-
report data was collected over
three consecutive years from
1,904 incoming college
students during new student
orientation. Cross-sectional
analyses were conducted to
determine how trauma is
associated with incoming
college students’ relationship
beliefs, interpersonal skills,
and quality of current
relationships. Results revealed
that there is a significant
negative relationship between
the amount of trauma
experienced, and college
students’ quality of
relationship with their mother,
father, and grandparents.
Results showed that there was
no significant relationship
between the experience of
childhood trauma and college
students’ interpersonal skills
or healthy relationship beliefs.
RQ#1: Relationship between childhood trauma and college
students’ healthy relationship beliefs
• Results indicate there is not a significant effect of childhood trauma on
college students’ healthy relationship beliefs, F(2, 767) = .23, p > .05.
• Data collection took place at a private Christian university in southern
California.
• The data was collected through a self-report survey created by rIQ, a
university-affiliated psychoeducational program that fosters healthy
relationship skills, attitudes, and behaviors in undergraduate students.
The survey was distributed to freshman students for three consecutive
years at new student orientation (2011-2013, n=1,904; 37% male, 61%
female).
• Students reported their relationship quality on likert scale items. The
relationships assessed in this study include mother, father,
grandparents, siblings, and friends.
• Relationship beliefs were reported through true/false responses
regarding topics ranging from conflict to sexual activity which were
scored according to research-supported healthy relationship beliefs.
• Students reported their interpersonal skills on likert scale items. Types
of interpersonal skills assessed include effectively resolving conflict,
working through painful issues successfully, identifying qualities of a
healthy relationship, choosing healthy friends, and expressing feelings
effectively.
• Students reported their experience of trauma through yes/no responses
to events such as parental divorce, substance abuse, sexual abuse,
physical abuse, emotional and mental abuse, and death of a close family
member. Participants were put into groups based on number of traumas
endorsed (One trauma n= 672, Two traumas n= 160, Three or more
traumas n= 64).
• The statistical analyses used in this study were one-way ANOVAs
comparing trauma groups on healthy relationship beliefs, skills, and
quality.
• The experience of childhood trauma has a significant negative relationship with the quality of relationship that participants have with their mothers, fathers, and grandparents. It is hypothesized that this could be related to
“betrayal trauma.” Betrayal trauma occurs when the people that an individual depends on for survival violate his/her trust or wellbeing (Goldsmith et al. 2012). Studies have shown that betrayal trauma negatively impacts
relationships. Further studies would be needed to confirm if betrayal trauma was the cause for the associations found between childhood trauma and relationship qualitywith mothers, fathers, and grandparents.
• Studies have shown that though many individuals who have been exposed to psychological trauma in their childhood are likely to display psychological disorders in adulthood, a significant number of childhood trauma survivors
remain psychologically healthy. This may be attributed to the development of resiliency (Philippe et al., 2011). As there were no significant relationships between the experience of trauma and college students’ interpersonal skills, It
is hypothesized that higher interpersonal skills with more trauma could be related to resiliency, or compensating beliefs that are developed to cope with trauma.
• As there was no significant relationship between childhood trauma and healthy relationship beliefs, it is hypothesized that, if the perpetrators were family members, the trauma survivors resorted to developing healthy relationships
outside of their family to cope with their trauma experience. According to Valentine and Feinauer (1993), developing supportive relationships outside the family were crucial in helping the survivor overcome the trauma experience.
Further, Valentine and Feinauer (1993) revealed that “friendships and the examples of healthy people and families around them helped them to feel supported and gave them a role model to work with.” Further studies would be
needed to confirm whether friends and other relationships outside the family helped childhood trauma survivors develop healthy relationship beliefs.
• Children who are affected by trauma have an increased risk for
developing psychological problems that will impair their
functioning for the duration of their lifespan (Lansford et al.,
2002).
• Two forms of information processing deficits have been
associated with the experience of childhood trauma;
dissociation and alexithymia. Dissociation impairs an
individual’s ability to process emotional, cognitive, and social
information in relation to the self, whereas alexithymia impairs
an individual’s ability to accurately identify and describe
emotional experiences (Goldsmith, Freyd, & Deprince, 2012).
• These deficits in information processing are not only
detrimental to an individual’s psychological health, they also
impair one’s ability to interact effectively with others.
• College students were the focus of this study, as there is
currently a dearth of research exploring the relationship
between the experience of childhood trauma and emerging
adults’ ability to form and maintain healthy relationships.
• The aim of the current study is to determine:
• 1) the relationship between childhood trauma and college
students’ healthy relationship beliefs
• 2) the relationship between childhood trauma and college
students’ interpersonal skills
• 3) associations between childhood trauma and the quality
of college students’ current relationships
• It is hypothesized that that absence of childhood trauma will be
associated with more adaptive relationship beliefs and
interpersonal skills, and better overall quality of current
relationships.
Goldsmith, R. E., Freyd, J. J., & DePrince, A. P. (2012). Betrayal trauma: Associations with psychological and physical symptoms in young adults. Journal Of Interpersonal Violence, 27(3), 547-567.
Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Crozier, J., & Kaplow, J. (2002). A 12-year prospective study of the long-term effects of early child physical maltreatment on psychological, behavioral, and academic problems in adolescence. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156, 824-830.
Philippe, F. L., Laventure, S., Beaulieu-Pelletier, G., Lecours, S., & Lekes, N. (2011). Ego-resiliency as a mediator between childhood trauma and psychological symptoms. Journal Of Social & Clinical Psychology, 30(6), 583-598.
Valentine, L. & Feinauer, L. L. (1993). Resilience factors associated with female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. American Journal Of Family Therapy, 21(3), 216-224.
Chart 1. Label in 20pt Calibri.
RQ#3: Associations between childhood trauma and the
quality of college students’ current relationships
• There was a significant effect of trauma on how the participants rated
their relationship with their fathers, F(2, 893) = 54.18 = p < .001, mothers,
F(2, 891) = 17.99 = p < .001, and grandparents, F(2, 883) = 8.58 = p < .001.
• There was no significant effect of trauma groups on reported relationship
quality with siblings or friends.
RQ#2: Relationship between childhood trauma and college
students’ interpersonal skills
• Results indicate there is not a significant effect of childhood trauma on
college students’ interpersonal skills, F(2, 887) = 282, p > .05.