Assignment Instructions.
GETTING STARTED: The next assignments will focus on an established non-profit organization called Engineers Without Borders. This organization’s website can be found here: http://www.ewb-usa.org/. This information will be necessary to complete this Projects.
SCENARIO: You are still working with the brochures that you produced in the previous assignment. You must take them to a printer. In the past, the printing company, Gonzales and Sons, Inc., 8852 Westheimer, Houston, TX, has printed brochures for you in the past and has produced excellent work. Because EWB is a not-for-profit organization, this printing company has for the past seven years offered to print to 1,000 brochures at a 50% reduction of normal costs as a “donation” to EWB. However, this has been a bad economic year for Gonzales and Sons, and they feel they cannot offer you the 50% discount anymore. The printing company needs to write a bad news letter to EWB telling them the organization telling them.
YOUR TASK:
· As the accounts manager of Gonzales and Sons, write a “bad news” letter to EWB in correct business letter format. For specific information on this, review the guidelines about letters, specifically the areas about bad news and adjustments/refusals. (You can find the guidelines below this assignment instructions)
· Tell them what you can do, though, to salvage a good business relationship.
· Sign your name. The person signing is the accounts manager.
· Define the purpose of the letter by deciding what you want the reader to do when he or she has finished reading the letter. Write an appropriate action statement for use in the letter.
Because your request falls in the category of bad news, organize the letter using an indirect pattern. A good way to remember this is the “sandwich” method: start with good news, then the bad news, then end with good news.
· Provide logical reasoning, explanations, and details when needed.
· Cushion the bad news, perhaps suggesting a compromise.
· Present material with concision, clarity, and fluency.
· Tell your readers which enclosures you would send with this letter.
· Determine if anybody else would need a copy of the letter and make necessary notations if so.
FORMATTING: If you need to review the requirements for standard business-like letters, refer to the “Bad News” and “Adjustments / Refusals.” guidelines below.
GUIDELINES for Conveying Bad News*
· Don’t Procrastinate. As much as people may dislike the news, they will feel doubly offended after being kept in the day.
Never just blurt it out. Set a considerate tone by prefacing your bad news with considerate terms such as I regret, We’re sorry, or Unfortunately. Instead of flatly proclaiming Your application has been denied, give recipients information they can use: Unfortunately, we are unable to offer you admission to this year’s program. This letter will explain why we made this decision and how you can reapply. Provide a ...
1 FSE100 Introduction to Engineering Before-lecture.docxhoney725342
1
FSE100 Introduction to Engineering
Before-lecture Preparation
Use the following questions to guide your reading and preparation for the iRAT/tRAT quiz in lecture.
1. Pre-lecture reading: read the article “Design a Better Cup Heater” starting on the next page:
1) What is the problem needs to be solved?
2) What are the design requirements? Function? Time? Other requirements?
3) Why did they decide “Preliminary design must be completed today, and tested and refined
tomorrow.”?
4) Why did they draw a sketch in their design journal?
5) How did the design proceed? What were the steps in the design process?
6) Is the design process a sequential process or an iterative process?
7) What do you think will happen next for the design after the end of the story?
8) What are the different types of engineers needed to create the better cup heater?
9) After one week, how do you communicate the improved cup heater design to the supervisor?
10) What skills are needed by the engineers in the story to complete the design successfully?
2. Pre-lecture homework: answer all questions above. First copy each question then write down the
answer. Submit the homework to Blackboard and also bring in the completed homework to the
lecture.
2
Design a Better Cup Heater
Suppose that your small design team at Sunbeam Inc. was given the following task: Design a better cup
heater to heat 250 ml of tap water to boiling in 2 minutes.
First, notice how simple—yet general—the problem statement is. There are no guidelines for the size or
type of heater, except that it must fit inside a cup. Also, the shape of the heater is unclear. Your team
also asks the questions: “To what is the heater compared? Better than what?” Your supervisor says that
the heater should perform better than a microwave oven and plug into an electric wall socket. Then,
your supervisor mentions that you have only one week to complete the design.
“One week!” Your team quickly realizes that the preliminary design must be completed today, and
tested and refined tomorrow.
These first observations and questions are written in your design journal, but they remain unanswered.
What is the next step in assessing the problem? A quick look in a physics textbook helps to further
define the problem. Your team finds that it is possible to generate heat by passing a current through a
wire.
Now the ideas start to flow. One team member remembers that her mother uses a small electric heater
to heat cups of water. You remark that electric space heaters basically are made of long sections of thick
wire, too. A suggestion is made to purchase a tea cup heater. Many team members speak at once.
Someone suggests, obviously in jest, building a pocket-sized nuclear weapon. Another idea is to use the
chemical packet that warms up feet in ski boots. All of these ideas are documented in your journal.
Your supervisor then requests that the heater be constructed from specialty ...
Looking to publish your first article? Or wondering if you will publish or perish? Learn tips and strategies to getting your work published with this presentation as it walks you through the initial steps to the finalizing revision process. This is a presentation developed through the Graduate Resource Center at the University of New Mexico.
1 FSE100 Introduction to Engineering Before-lecture.docxhoney725342
1
FSE100 Introduction to Engineering
Before-lecture Preparation
Use the following questions to guide your reading and preparation for the iRAT/tRAT quiz in lecture.
1. Pre-lecture reading: read the article “Design a Better Cup Heater” starting on the next page:
1) What is the problem needs to be solved?
2) What are the design requirements? Function? Time? Other requirements?
3) Why did they decide “Preliminary design must be completed today, and tested and refined
tomorrow.”?
4) Why did they draw a sketch in their design journal?
5) How did the design proceed? What were the steps in the design process?
6) Is the design process a sequential process or an iterative process?
7) What do you think will happen next for the design after the end of the story?
8) What are the different types of engineers needed to create the better cup heater?
9) After one week, how do you communicate the improved cup heater design to the supervisor?
10) What skills are needed by the engineers in the story to complete the design successfully?
2. Pre-lecture homework: answer all questions above. First copy each question then write down the
answer. Submit the homework to Blackboard and also bring in the completed homework to the
lecture.
2
Design a Better Cup Heater
Suppose that your small design team at Sunbeam Inc. was given the following task: Design a better cup
heater to heat 250 ml of tap water to boiling in 2 minutes.
First, notice how simple—yet general—the problem statement is. There are no guidelines for the size or
type of heater, except that it must fit inside a cup. Also, the shape of the heater is unclear. Your team
also asks the questions: “To what is the heater compared? Better than what?” Your supervisor says that
the heater should perform better than a microwave oven and plug into an electric wall socket. Then,
your supervisor mentions that you have only one week to complete the design.
“One week!” Your team quickly realizes that the preliminary design must be completed today, and
tested and refined tomorrow.
These first observations and questions are written in your design journal, but they remain unanswered.
What is the next step in assessing the problem? A quick look in a physics textbook helps to further
define the problem. Your team finds that it is possible to generate heat by passing a current through a
wire.
Now the ideas start to flow. One team member remembers that her mother uses a small electric heater
to heat cups of water. You remark that electric space heaters basically are made of long sections of thick
wire, too. A suggestion is made to purchase a tea cup heater. Many team members speak at once.
Someone suggests, obviously in jest, building a pocket-sized nuclear weapon. Another idea is to use the
chemical packet that warms up feet in ski boots. All of these ideas are documented in your journal.
Your supervisor then requests that the heater be constructed from specialty ...
Looking to publish your first article? Or wondering if you will publish or perish? Learn tips and strategies to getting your work published with this presentation as it walks you through the initial steps to the finalizing revision process. This is a presentation developed through the Graduate Resource Center at the University of New Mexico.
1 | P a g e
Assignment
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FOUNDATIONS OF PRIVATE LAW
ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
Case Analysis
I. Read the judgment of Sackar J in Coles Group Property Developments Ltd
v Stankovic [2016] NSWSC 852 and:
a) outline the material facts of the case;
b) identify the relevant legal issue/s raised; and
c) explain the process of reasoning adopted by Sackar J and the
conclusions that he reached.
II.
whether the outcome of the ‘appeal’ would have been different in two
hypothetical scenarios. Suppose that Mr Stankovic had only ever
remained in the Coles car park between the hours of 7am and 11pm,
that he had never remained for a
continuous period of longer than two hours, and that he had never been
issued with any kind of notice to cease trespassing. Do you think the
outcome of the appeal would have been different if:
a. the complaints detailed at [33] were nevertheless made out against Mr Stankovic;
or
b. the only complaint made out against Mr Stankovic was that he told
people that Mr Bunting ‘had breached the protocol regarding the
treatment of homeless people’?
(Note that, in answering Question II, you should read and refer to additional
resources, including the judgment of Young J in Lincoln Hunt v Willisee
(1986) 4 NSWLR 457, 460–1.)
ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS
Due Date 03 November 2018 — 4pm (Monday Week 8).
Word Limit 1750 words maximum (not including footnotes, all of which
must be non-substantive).
Value 25% of marks for this subject.
As a rough guide, approximately 60–70% of your paper
should be devoted to question1.
2 | P a g e
Assignment
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Criteria for Marking
The following criteria for marking, measured against the grade descriptors set
out on pages 8–9 of the Course Handbook, will be applied (there is no specific
weighting given to each):
A. The accuracy of the analysis and summary of the case and reasoning.
B. The structure and organisation of the case analysis, including the logical
flow of the discussion, use of headings, etc.
C. The quality of arguments and reasoning used.
D. The quality of the writing, including grammar, spelling and proofreading.
E. The accuracy and consistency of referencing.
F. Compliance with the ‘General Instructions’ outlined below.
General Instructions - Please note the following:
1. ANONYMITY: The only identification is your student number. You must
not reveal your name anywhere on the assignment.
2. FORMAT: The assignment must be typewritten in one-and-a-half line
spacing. A 1-inch (2.54cm) margin must be included on the left, right, top
and bottom of the page, and both left and right margins must be justified
(i.e. the assignment is to be presented in ‘American’ or ‘Block Style’
layout). Your SID and the page number must be shown in the header on
each page of your paper.
References and citations must be included in footn.
Data Collection and Technology.htmlUnit III ProjectWeighOllieShoresna
Data Collection and Technology.html
Unit III Project
Weight: 9% of course grade
Instructions
Proposal for Coordinating State Public Health Policy With Stakeholders
Unlike most other developed nations, the United States does not have a unified healthcare system. Even with the passage of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), the first major health reform law passed in this country in nearly 50 years, the United States continues to provide healthcare services through a patchwork of public and private insurance plans; federal, state, and local governments; and institutions and individual providers who are often unconnected to one other.
For instance, lack of coordination within the healthcare system that leave all parts of the system fragmented and not working together has undermined the success of the federal government’s commitment to address national health challenges through initiatives such as Healthy People 2020 (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2020).
Imagine you are a newly appointed public health policy expert working in your state’s public health department. In your first policy meeting, the director expresses concern about the growing number of staff in the department who continuously blame policy failures on other stakeholders. Your supervisor believes that there are misconceptions about the role of stakeholders in public health policy among the department's staff.
As the first step to address this concern, your supervisor asks you to conduct research and write a mini-report that identifies and assesses the following issues.
· Describe the key roles of at least four major stakeholders/players, to include a mix of public and private (i.e., federal or state agencies, providers, insurance companies, professional organizations, public health institutions, lobbyist organizations) you believe to have significant influence on your state's public health policies.
· List these agencies and organizations and describe their effectiveness.
Your proposal must present a clear supporting argument that identifies the role of the stakeholders for public health policy in your state and analysis with your evidence.
Your proposal must be two to three pages in length and must support your arguments with evidence from a minimum of three published resources. All sources used in this assignment must be cited and referenced according to APA standards found in the APA Style Guide located in your student portal.
You may contact the Writing Center for assistance with writing and using APA Style.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Within- and Between- Designs.html
Within- and Between- Designs
You have been hired as a consultant by the military to determine if soldiers are able to assemble a new rifle under adverse weather conditions. The military personnel were required to assemble the rifles in two different temperature c ...
Pick an Apollo Mission that went to the Moon. Some mission only orb.docxssuser562afc1
Pick an Apollo Mission that went to the Moon. Some mission only orbited the Earth. Discuss the geological preparation that the astronuats had to complete on Earth and how they applied this to their explorations on the Moon. List three instances of preparation in the first paragraph of seven to eight sentences. And then list three applications in a second paragraph of seven to eight sentences. Use four sources: two library and two web resrouces.
.
Pick a topic from data.gov that has large number of data sets on wid.docxssuser562afc1
Pick a topic from data.gov that has large number of data sets on wide variety from healthcare to education, climate to public safety.
Pick a topic and Explore the possibilities of downloading the data, use any data visualization tool to create meaning information and visualizations.
Need 1-2 Pages documentation.
.
Pick an animal with sophisticated communication. Quickly find and re.docxssuser562afc1
Pick an animal with sophisticated communication. Quickly find and read at least two sources about their use of language and communication. Share your sources with us (you can paste links or have a Works Cited) and tell us what you think.
1) Do they have communication?
2) Do they have language?
3) Do they have sociolinguistics?
Primates, dogs, African Gray parrots, bees, and cats are all fun. Some cetaceans (water mammals) seem to have dialects and accents, as well as names.
.
Pick a real healthcare organization or create your own. Think about .docxssuser562afc1
Pick a real healthcare organization or create your own. Think about the reimbursement types that organization is basing the financial sustainability on. List the organization type (e.g., for profit, not-for-profit etc., a hospital, a minute clinic etc.). List the income streams appropriate (e.g., out of pocket, capitation, fee-for-service etc.). Discuss how we can use epidemiology to assess
served
population healthcare risks
that will affect cost of care and financial sustainability of your organization.
.
PHYS 102In the Real World” Discussion TopicsYou may choose yo.docxssuser562afc1
PHYS 102
“In the Real World” Discussion Topics
You may choose your topic of discussion*, provided it is germane to the concepts covered in this module.
Construct an engaging 3-paragraph initial post that ties one or more of the module’s concepts to the real world. The paragraphs should address the following points:
· Paragraph 1: Outline a general definition and description of the physics concepts/topics you have chosen to discuss*, referencing this week’s readings on the topics, as appropriate. Include descriptive features (as applicable) about the physics concepts – dependent factors, relevant terminology, conventions, common units of measure, etc.
· Paragraph 2: Summarize one or more impacts of the physics concept(s) to everyday life or aviation operations.
· Paragraph 3: You have two options for this paragraph:
1) Provide a real example, from an article or documented report (aircraft performance, incidents or accidents, for example), of the aviation impact of this physics concept.
2) Give us “your take” on the relevance and importance of this topic from your own perspective, by providing personal points of view or related experiences.
*Consider the following as good topic “starters” for discussion:
· What were your “Aha!” moments as you worked through the material?
· How does this module's content relate to your professional career? Personal life?
· How does this module's content relate to current events?
· Did you more deeply explore a topic only covered lightly in the course materials? What did you discover?
· What concepts (learning objectives) did you struggle with? What resources helped you overcome this hurdle?
NOTE: you may use one or more of the above (but not all) as primers to formulate your initial discussion post.
Page | 64
Page | 85
(
BSBMGT517
Manage operational plan
Learner Guide
)
Table of Contents
Table of Contents2
Unit of Competency5
Performance Criteria6
Foundation Skills7
Assessment Requirements9
Housekeeping Items10
Objectives10
1. Develop operational plan11
1.1 – Research, analyse and document resource requirements and develop an operational plan in consultation with relevant personnel, colleagues and specialist resource managers12
What is an operational plan?12
Research, analyse and document resource requirements14
Activity 1A17
1.2 – Develop and/or implement consultation processes as an integral part of the operational planning process18
Consultation processes18
Feedback19
Activity 1B20
1.3 – Ensure the operational plan includes key performance indicators to measure organisational performance22
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)22
How to write a Key Performance Indicator22
Activity 1C24
1.4 – Develop and implement contingency plans for the operational plan25
Contingency plans25
Steps for creating a contingency plan25
Activity 1D29
1.5 – Ensure the development and presentation of proposals for resource requirements is supported by a variety of information sources and seek specialist advice as required.
Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationCellular respiration .docxssuser562afc1
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a critical cycle of energy and matter that supports the continued existence of life on earth. Describe the stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and their interaction and interdependence including raw materials, products, and amount of ATP or glucose produced during each phase. How is each linked to specific organelles within the eukaryotic cell. What has been the importance and significance of these processes and their cyclic interaction to the evolution and diversity of life?
The minimum length for this assignment is 1,500 words. Be sure to check your Turnitin report for your post
.
Philosophy of Inclusion Research SupportIt is not enough to simp.docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy of Inclusion Research Support
It is not enough to simply feel a personal obligation to include students with disabilities within general education environments. Sometimes, being a special education teacher involves persuading others to see the benefits of inclusion as well as how it can be successfully implemented to create a safe and positive learning environment to promote the well-being of students with disabilities.
Use the "Philosophy of Inclusion Research Support Template" to complete this assignment.
Support your findings with a minimum of three scholarly resources.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines (TEMPLATE ATTACHED).
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Physical Assessment Reflection Consider your learning and gr.docxssuser562afc1
Physical Assessment Reflection
Consider your learning and growth in this course, reflecting upon “aha!” moments. Create a presentation that discusses the learning that occurred throughout the assessments completed in Shadow Health. Tina Jones Female 28 yrs with diagnosis of Asthma , dehydration, wound infection and allergic to penicillin.
Additional Instructions:
All submissions should have a title page and reference page.
Utilize a minimum of two scholarly resources.
Adhere to grammar, spelling and punctuation criteria.
Adhere to APA compliance guidelines.
Adhere to the chosen Submission Option for Delivery of Activity guidelines.
Submission Options:
Instructions:
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation
8 to 10 slides. Add title and reference slides.
Follow Rules of 7.
.
Philosophy 2582 - Media Ethics Paper 1 (Noam Chomsky) .docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy 2582 - Media Ethics: Paper 1 (Noam Chomsky)
June 17, 2018 by 11:59pm
*Policy on Late Papers
I will accept your paper within one week of the due date but in this case I may not have
time to provide extensive feedback.
Papers submitted on time will be marked and returned within two - three weeks of submission.
If you have a good reason for submitting your paper after the deadline please let me know in
advance. You may be asked to provide a doctor’s note or other support documentation.
Instructions
1. Submit this paper through the Dropbox feature of the course. To access this, click on
Dropbox in the grey, horizontal menu near the top of the screen.
2. Ideally, the paper should be submitted as a file in RTF or Microsoft Word format.
Please do not submit files in WordPerfect (.wpd) or Microsoft Works (.wps) format since I will
have a hard time opening these files. If you use one of these programs, please convert your file to
RTF or Word format. You should also avoid PDF files since I need to be able to insert comments
into your paper.
3. Please include your name in the title of the file you submit (i.e., the file should be called
something like “JohnSmithEthicsPaper.doc”).
4. Please read the policy on late assignments (above) carefully.
Length: 1500 - 2000 words
Topic
If it is helpful, you can divide your paper into different sections.
Watch the Documentary Manufacturing Consent Noam Chomsky and the Media. Here is the
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBhBfa6gK60
What, according to Chomsky, is manufactured consent, and what role does the media play in
manufacturing it? Discuss with reference to two (or more, if you like) pieces of current news
media (either print media or image/video based.
What is intellectual self-defense? What are some of the ways we can foster our own intellectual
self-defense? You may find the article “The Importance of Intellectual Self-Defense” – found in
the Readings and Assignments area – helpful with this section of your paper.
In your paper, please briefly address why these issues are ethical in nature. Part 1 of Unit 1 will
be helpful here.
Secondary Sources
Please use ONE outside text source on Chomsky in this assignment (scholarly article either
online or from a journal in the library - text, interview, etc.) Please do not use Chomsky himself
– but another writer/theorist. This is to help you understand some of the concepts involved here,
and also to help you understand that Chomsky’s views are often challenged.
Writing Advice
1. Never underestimate the importance of structure. Consider preparing an
outline of your paper either before you write it or when you are in the process of revising
it. If you can't give a clear, step-by-step breakdown of what you're trying to accomplish in
the paper, it's probably not a very good paper. You should also remember the importance
of a good, clear introduction a.
Pick a large company you like. Find their Statement of Cash Flow.docxssuser562afc1
Pick a large company you like. Find their Statement of Cash Flows on their latest annual report, (not a summary, but the actual financial statement).
Describe the three sections of cash flows and what they involve.
For each section, tell us the total amount, if it is positive or negative, and analyze what each one tells you about the company.
Upon studying its statement of cash flows, what does this combination of cash flows suggest to you about the firm?
Is there any additional information that you would like to see to better understand this company? If so, what?
.
Philosophy 7 Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019) Paper Guidelines .docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy 7: Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019)
Paper Guidelines
1
Paper #3: Chinese Philosophy
You may choose to write about either Confucianism (A) or Daoism (B).
(A) Confucianism: Kongzi (Confucius) or Mengzi (Mencius)
Choose a passage from one of the primary Confucian texts that we read: The Analects or
The Mengzi. Whatever you choose, you must confine your essay to one of our authors’
texts: either Confucius’ Analects or Mencius’ Mengzi. You may choose any passage you
like but you may only write within the context of one of the two thinkers.
and
Analyze and explain it as thoroughly and precisely as you can, staying close to the text
of the author you choose (using its terminology, following its reasoning, etc.). This point
is important: refer to, quote, paraphrase, and cite Confucius’ or Mencius’ text—his words, his
terms, his explanations, his examples, etc.—to aid your explanation of the idea. The closer you
stay to the text, the clearer your explanation will be.
(B) Daoism: Laozi or Zhuangzi
Choose a passage from one of the primary Daoist texts that we read: The Daodejing or
The Zhuangzi. Whatever you choose, you must confine your essay to one of our authors’
texts: either Laozi’s Daodejing or Zhuangzi’s Zhuangzi. You may choose any passage you
like but you may only write within the context of one of the two thinkers.
and
Analyze and explain it as thoroughly and precisely as you can, staying close to the text
of the author you choose (using its terminology, following its reasoning, etc.). This point
is important: refer to, quote, paraphrase, and cite Laozi’s or Zhuangzi’s text—his words, his
terms, his explanations, his examples, etc.—to aid your explanation of the idea. The closer you
stay to the text, the clearer your explanation will be.
Note on Daoism: Remember that these specific texts are notoriously opaque and
mysterious, and their purpose seems to be, quite explicitly in some cases, to effect an
experiential change in thinking on the part of the reader. So, if you choose this option, give
yourself time to let the text affect you and wash over you. It is common that the sense of
particular passages vacillates and shifts as one reads them again and again. So try—
without trying, of course (i.e., in a wu wei fashion)—to give yourself ample room to
maneuver within the text’s mysterious spaces, as Zhuangzi’s butcher’s blade
maneuver’s freely within the heavenly contours of the ox’s carcass.
Philosophy 7: Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019)
Paper Guidelines
2
In these papers, I want you to try to capture the essence of what you choose. You might
imagine that what you are trying to do is teach someone what passage means within the
context of Confucianism or Daoism.
I am looking for in-depth and detailed analysis/explanation.
Paper Details
Due Date
SUNDAY, May 3rd on Canvas by MIDNIGHT
Paper Length
At least 3 full pages of text (“full” beginning.
PIC.jpg
a.zip
APA.ppt
APA Style--Review
College of Business and Organizational Leadership
*
Why APA style?
Allows readers to cross-reference sources
Provides a consistent standard across program
Gives the student credibility as a writer and protection from plagiarism
Help students be more critical consumers of the information they read and select
*
American Psychological AssociationFormed in 1928 by editors and business managers of anthropological and psychological journalsGoal of developing consistency in formatting material
Format basics
Margins: One inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right)
Font Size and Type: 10-12-pt. font (Times Roman, Courier, or Arial are acceptable typefaces)
Spacing: Double-space throughout the paper,
Alignment: Flush left (creating uneven right margin)
Paragraph Indentation: 5-7 spaces
Pagination: The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every page
*
HeadingsLevel 1:
Centered Upper- and Lowercase HeadingLevel 2:
Centered, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase HeadingLevel 3:
Flush Left, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase Side HeadingLevel 4:
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
*
Headings
Example of 2 levels:
Management Styles
Authoritative
Example of 3 levels:
Management Styles
Authoritative
Taylor’s Carrot vs. Stick Method
*
Superscript #’s indicate heading level
Citing summariesSummarizing: condensing and restating another’s ideas in your own wordsExample:
Smith has written an entire book on how much she enjoys using APA format.
Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun.
APA is fun (Smith, 2003).Summarized information needs to be cited in both the text and the reference page
*
Citing paraphrasesParaphrasing: restating another’s ideas in your own wordsExample:
Smith’s direct quote on page 28 is as follow: “Using APA is great fun.”
Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun (p. 28).
APA is fun (Smith, 2003, p. 28).Paraphrased information needs to be cited in both the text and the reference page
*
Citing quotesUse block quotes when citing 40 or more words in a row
Wu (2002) has found self-fulfillment through APA:
APA citations have solidified my purpose and direction in life. Reading the Publication manual has helped me find structure and order in my chaotic, postmodern existence. As an instructor, one of my greatest joys is sharing this sense of order with others. (p. 174)WARNING: Avoid over-using block quotes in papers. Keep quotations, especially block quotes, to a minimum. Instead, use summaries and paraphrases whenever possible.
*
In-text citations
A direct quote… (Bradley, 1998, p.276).
Paraphrasing with one author (Bradley, 1998).
…with two authors… (Bradley & Calhoun, 1998).
…with three to five authors
(1st time only) (Bradley, Calhoun, Davis & Fitch, 1998).
…with three to five authors
(followi.
PHIL101 B008 Win 20 ! " # Assignments
AssignmentsAssignments
Assignment List Week 7 - Philosophical Essay
Week 7 - Philosophical EssayWeek 7 - Philosophical Essay
DUE: Feb 23, 2020 11:55 PM
Grade DetailsGrade Details
GradeGrade N/A
Gradebook CommentsGradebook Comments None
Assignment DetailsAssignment Details
Open DateOpen Date Jan 6, 2020 12:05 AM
Graded?Graded? Yes
Points PossiblePoints Possible 100.0
Resubmissions Allowed?Resubmissions Allowed? No
Attachments checked for originality?Attachments checked for originality? Yes
Assignment InstructionsAssignment Instructions
Objective: Students will write a Philosophical Essay for week 7 based on the course concepts.
Course Objectives: 2, 3, & 4
Task:
This 4 - 5 full page (not to exceed 6 pages) Philosophical Essay you will be writing due Week 7 is
designed to be a thoughtful, reflective work. The 4 - 5 full pages does not include a cover page or
a works cited page. It will be your premier writing assignment focused on the integration and
assessment relating to the course concepts. Your paper should be written based on the outline
! You can access the new Success Center via the left hand navigation in your classrooms. This tool
is updated regularly and provides access to hundreds of relevant resources geared towards
your academic and professional goals. Check it out!
"
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/page-reset/2bba5324-c68b-4b04-9baa-1098523c2cc7
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool-reset/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool-reset/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8/student-assignment-list
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8/student-submit/857494#
javascript:void(0)
you submitted during week 4 combined with your additional thoughts and instructor feedback. You
will use at least three scholarly/reliable resources with matching in-text citations and a Works
Cited page. All essays are double spaced, 12 New Times Roman font, paper title, along with all
paragraphs indented five spaces.
Details:
You will pick one of the following topics only to do your paper on:
According to Socrates, must one heed popular opinion about moral matters? Does
Socrates accept the fairness of the laws under which he was tried and convicted? Would
Socrates have been wrong to escape?
Consider the following philosophical puzzle: “If a tree falls in the forest and there's no one around to
hear it, does it make a sound?” (1) How is this philosophical puzzle an epistemological problem?
And (2) how would John Locke answer it?
Evaluate the movie, The Matrix, in terms of the philosophical issues raised with (1) skepticism and
(2) the mind-body problem. Explain how the movie raises questions similar to those found in Plato’s
and Descartes’ philosophy. Do not give a plot summary of the movie – focus on .
More Related Content
Similar to Assignment Instructions.GETTING STARTED The next assignments wi.docx
1 | P a g e
Assignment
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FOUNDATIONS OF PRIVATE LAW
ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
Case Analysis
I. Read the judgment of Sackar J in Coles Group Property Developments Ltd
v Stankovic [2016] NSWSC 852 and:
a) outline the material facts of the case;
b) identify the relevant legal issue/s raised; and
c) explain the process of reasoning adopted by Sackar J and the
conclusions that he reached.
II.
whether the outcome of the ‘appeal’ would have been different in two
hypothetical scenarios. Suppose that Mr Stankovic had only ever
remained in the Coles car park between the hours of 7am and 11pm,
that he had never remained for a
continuous period of longer than two hours, and that he had never been
issued with any kind of notice to cease trespassing. Do you think the
outcome of the appeal would have been different if:
a. the complaints detailed at [33] were nevertheless made out against Mr Stankovic;
or
b. the only complaint made out against Mr Stankovic was that he told
people that Mr Bunting ‘had breached the protocol regarding the
treatment of homeless people’?
(Note that, in answering Question II, you should read and refer to additional
resources, including the judgment of Young J in Lincoln Hunt v Willisee
(1986) 4 NSWLR 457, 460–1.)
ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS
Due Date 03 November 2018 — 4pm (Monday Week 8).
Word Limit 1750 words maximum (not including footnotes, all of which
must be non-substantive).
Value 25% of marks for this subject.
As a rough guide, approximately 60–70% of your paper
should be devoted to question1.
2 | P a g e
Assignment
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Criteria for Marking
The following criteria for marking, measured against the grade descriptors set
out on pages 8–9 of the Course Handbook, will be applied (there is no specific
weighting given to each):
A. The accuracy of the analysis and summary of the case and reasoning.
B. The structure and organisation of the case analysis, including the logical
flow of the discussion, use of headings, etc.
C. The quality of arguments and reasoning used.
D. The quality of the writing, including grammar, spelling and proofreading.
E. The accuracy and consistency of referencing.
F. Compliance with the ‘General Instructions’ outlined below.
General Instructions - Please note the following:
1. ANONYMITY: The only identification is your student number. You must
not reveal your name anywhere on the assignment.
2. FORMAT: The assignment must be typewritten in one-and-a-half line
spacing. A 1-inch (2.54cm) margin must be included on the left, right, top
and bottom of the page, and both left and right margins must be justified
(i.e. the assignment is to be presented in ‘American’ or ‘Block Style’
layout). Your SID and the page number must be shown in the header on
each page of your paper.
References and citations must be included in footn.
Data Collection and Technology.htmlUnit III ProjectWeighOllieShoresna
Data Collection and Technology.html
Unit III Project
Weight: 9% of course grade
Instructions
Proposal for Coordinating State Public Health Policy With Stakeholders
Unlike most other developed nations, the United States does not have a unified healthcare system. Even with the passage of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), the first major health reform law passed in this country in nearly 50 years, the United States continues to provide healthcare services through a patchwork of public and private insurance plans; federal, state, and local governments; and institutions and individual providers who are often unconnected to one other.
For instance, lack of coordination within the healthcare system that leave all parts of the system fragmented and not working together has undermined the success of the federal government’s commitment to address national health challenges through initiatives such as Healthy People 2020 (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2020).
Imagine you are a newly appointed public health policy expert working in your state’s public health department. In your first policy meeting, the director expresses concern about the growing number of staff in the department who continuously blame policy failures on other stakeholders. Your supervisor believes that there are misconceptions about the role of stakeholders in public health policy among the department's staff.
As the first step to address this concern, your supervisor asks you to conduct research and write a mini-report that identifies and assesses the following issues.
· Describe the key roles of at least four major stakeholders/players, to include a mix of public and private (i.e., federal or state agencies, providers, insurance companies, professional organizations, public health institutions, lobbyist organizations) you believe to have significant influence on your state's public health policies.
· List these agencies and organizations and describe their effectiveness.
Your proposal must present a clear supporting argument that identifies the role of the stakeholders for public health policy in your state and analysis with your evidence.
Your proposal must be two to three pages in length and must support your arguments with evidence from a minimum of three published resources. All sources used in this assignment must be cited and referenced according to APA standards found in the APA Style Guide located in your student portal.
You may contact the Writing Center for assistance with writing and using APA Style.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Within- and Between- Designs.html
Within- and Between- Designs
You have been hired as a consultant by the military to determine if soldiers are able to assemble a new rifle under adverse weather conditions. The military personnel were required to assemble the rifles in two different temperature c ...
Pick an Apollo Mission that went to the Moon. Some mission only orb.docxssuser562afc1
Pick an Apollo Mission that went to the Moon. Some mission only orbited the Earth. Discuss the geological preparation that the astronuats had to complete on Earth and how they applied this to their explorations on the Moon. List three instances of preparation in the first paragraph of seven to eight sentences. And then list three applications in a second paragraph of seven to eight sentences. Use four sources: two library and two web resrouces.
.
Pick a topic from data.gov that has large number of data sets on wid.docxssuser562afc1
Pick a topic from data.gov that has large number of data sets on wide variety from healthcare to education, climate to public safety.
Pick a topic and Explore the possibilities of downloading the data, use any data visualization tool to create meaning information and visualizations.
Need 1-2 Pages documentation.
.
Pick an animal with sophisticated communication. Quickly find and re.docxssuser562afc1
Pick an animal with sophisticated communication. Quickly find and read at least two sources about their use of language and communication. Share your sources with us (you can paste links or have a Works Cited) and tell us what you think.
1) Do they have communication?
2) Do they have language?
3) Do they have sociolinguistics?
Primates, dogs, African Gray parrots, bees, and cats are all fun. Some cetaceans (water mammals) seem to have dialects and accents, as well as names.
.
Pick a real healthcare organization or create your own. Think about .docxssuser562afc1
Pick a real healthcare organization or create your own. Think about the reimbursement types that organization is basing the financial sustainability on. List the organization type (e.g., for profit, not-for-profit etc., a hospital, a minute clinic etc.). List the income streams appropriate (e.g., out of pocket, capitation, fee-for-service etc.). Discuss how we can use epidemiology to assess
served
population healthcare risks
that will affect cost of care and financial sustainability of your organization.
.
PHYS 102In the Real World” Discussion TopicsYou may choose yo.docxssuser562afc1
PHYS 102
“In the Real World” Discussion Topics
You may choose your topic of discussion*, provided it is germane to the concepts covered in this module.
Construct an engaging 3-paragraph initial post that ties one or more of the module’s concepts to the real world. The paragraphs should address the following points:
· Paragraph 1: Outline a general definition and description of the physics concepts/topics you have chosen to discuss*, referencing this week’s readings on the topics, as appropriate. Include descriptive features (as applicable) about the physics concepts – dependent factors, relevant terminology, conventions, common units of measure, etc.
· Paragraph 2: Summarize one or more impacts of the physics concept(s) to everyday life or aviation operations.
· Paragraph 3: You have two options for this paragraph:
1) Provide a real example, from an article or documented report (aircraft performance, incidents or accidents, for example), of the aviation impact of this physics concept.
2) Give us “your take” on the relevance and importance of this topic from your own perspective, by providing personal points of view or related experiences.
*Consider the following as good topic “starters” for discussion:
· What were your “Aha!” moments as you worked through the material?
· How does this module's content relate to your professional career? Personal life?
· How does this module's content relate to current events?
· Did you more deeply explore a topic only covered lightly in the course materials? What did you discover?
· What concepts (learning objectives) did you struggle with? What resources helped you overcome this hurdle?
NOTE: you may use one or more of the above (but not all) as primers to formulate your initial discussion post.
Page | 64
Page | 85
(
BSBMGT517
Manage operational plan
Learner Guide
)
Table of Contents
Table of Contents2
Unit of Competency5
Performance Criteria6
Foundation Skills7
Assessment Requirements9
Housekeeping Items10
Objectives10
1. Develop operational plan11
1.1 – Research, analyse and document resource requirements and develop an operational plan in consultation with relevant personnel, colleagues and specialist resource managers12
What is an operational plan?12
Research, analyse and document resource requirements14
Activity 1A17
1.2 – Develop and/or implement consultation processes as an integral part of the operational planning process18
Consultation processes18
Feedback19
Activity 1B20
1.3 – Ensure the operational plan includes key performance indicators to measure organisational performance22
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)22
How to write a Key Performance Indicator22
Activity 1C24
1.4 – Develop and implement contingency plans for the operational plan25
Contingency plans25
Steps for creating a contingency plan25
Activity 1D29
1.5 – Ensure the development and presentation of proposals for resource requirements is supported by a variety of information sources and seek specialist advice as required.
Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationCellular respiration .docxssuser562afc1
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a critical cycle of energy and matter that supports the continued existence of life on earth. Describe the stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and their interaction and interdependence including raw materials, products, and amount of ATP or glucose produced during each phase. How is each linked to specific organelles within the eukaryotic cell. What has been the importance and significance of these processes and their cyclic interaction to the evolution and diversity of life?
The minimum length for this assignment is 1,500 words. Be sure to check your Turnitin report for your post
.
Philosophy of Inclusion Research SupportIt is not enough to simp.docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy of Inclusion Research Support
It is not enough to simply feel a personal obligation to include students with disabilities within general education environments. Sometimes, being a special education teacher involves persuading others to see the benefits of inclusion as well as how it can be successfully implemented to create a safe and positive learning environment to promote the well-being of students with disabilities.
Use the "Philosophy of Inclusion Research Support Template" to complete this assignment.
Support your findings with a minimum of three scholarly resources.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines (TEMPLATE ATTACHED).
.
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Physical Assessment Reflection Consider your learning and gr.docxssuser562afc1
Physical Assessment Reflection
Consider your learning and growth in this course, reflecting upon “aha!” moments. Create a presentation that discusses the learning that occurred throughout the assessments completed in Shadow Health. Tina Jones Female 28 yrs with diagnosis of Asthma , dehydration, wound infection and allergic to penicillin.
Additional Instructions:
All submissions should have a title page and reference page.
Utilize a minimum of two scholarly resources.
Adhere to grammar, spelling and punctuation criteria.
Adhere to APA compliance guidelines.
Adhere to the chosen Submission Option for Delivery of Activity guidelines.
Submission Options:
Instructions:
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation
8 to 10 slides. Add title and reference slides.
Follow Rules of 7.
.
Philosophy 2582 - Media Ethics Paper 1 (Noam Chomsky) .docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy 2582 - Media Ethics: Paper 1 (Noam Chomsky)
June 17, 2018 by 11:59pm
*Policy on Late Papers
I will accept your paper within one week of the due date but in this case I may not have
time to provide extensive feedback.
Papers submitted on time will be marked and returned within two - three weeks of submission.
If you have a good reason for submitting your paper after the deadline please let me know in
advance. You may be asked to provide a doctor’s note or other support documentation.
Instructions
1. Submit this paper through the Dropbox feature of the course. To access this, click on
Dropbox in the grey, horizontal menu near the top of the screen.
2. Ideally, the paper should be submitted as a file in RTF or Microsoft Word format.
Please do not submit files in WordPerfect (.wpd) or Microsoft Works (.wps) format since I will
have a hard time opening these files. If you use one of these programs, please convert your file to
RTF or Word format. You should also avoid PDF files since I need to be able to insert comments
into your paper.
3. Please include your name in the title of the file you submit (i.e., the file should be called
something like “JohnSmithEthicsPaper.doc”).
4. Please read the policy on late assignments (above) carefully.
Length: 1500 - 2000 words
Topic
If it is helpful, you can divide your paper into different sections.
Watch the Documentary Manufacturing Consent Noam Chomsky and the Media. Here is the
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBhBfa6gK60
What, according to Chomsky, is manufactured consent, and what role does the media play in
manufacturing it? Discuss with reference to two (or more, if you like) pieces of current news
media (either print media or image/video based.
What is intellectual self-defense? What are some of the ways we can foster our own intellectual
self-defense? You may find the article “The Importance of Intellectual Self-Defense” – found in
the Readings and Assignments area – helpful with this section of your paper.
In your paper, please briefly address why these issues are ethical in nature. Part 1 of Unit 1 will
be helpful here.
Secondary Sources
Please use ONE outside text source on Chomsky in this assignment (scholarly article either
online or from a journal in the library - text, interview, etc.) Please do not use Chomsky himself
– but another writer/theorist. This is to help you understand some of the concepts involved here,
and also to help you understand that Chomsky’s views are often challenged.
Writing Advice
1. Never underestimate the importance of structure. Consider preparing an
outline of your paper either before you write it or when you are in the process of revising
it. If you can't give a clear, step-by-step breakdown of what you're trying to accomplish in
the paper, it's probably not a very good paper. You should also remember the importance
of a good, clear introduction a.
Pick a large company you like. Find their Statement of Cash Flow.docxssuser562afc1
Pick a large company you like. Find their Statement of Cash Flows on their latest annual report, (not a summary, but the actual financial statement).
Describe the three sections of cash flows and what they involve.
For each section, tell us the total amount, if it is positive or negative, and analyze what each one tells you about the company.
Upon studying its statement of cash flows, what does this combination of cash flows suggest to you about the firm?
Is there any additional information that you would like to see to better understand this company? If so, what?
.
Philosophy 7 Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019) Paper Guidelines .docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy 7: Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019)
Paper Guidelines
1
Paper #3: Chinese Philosophy
You may choose to write about either Confucianism (A) or Daoism (B).
(A) Confucianism: Kongzi (Confucius) or Mengzi (Mencius)
Choose a passage from one of the primary Confucian texts that we read: The Analects or
The Mengzi. Whatever you choose, you must confine your essay to one of our authors’
texts: either Confucius’ Analects or Mencius’ Mengzi. You may choose any passage you
like but you may only write within the context of one of the two thinkers.
and
Analyze and explain it as thoroughly and precisely as you can, staying close to the text
of the author you choose (using its terminology, following its reasoning, etc.). This point
is important: refer to, quote, paraphrase, and cite Confucius’ or Mencius’ text—his words, his
terms, his explanations, his examples, etc.—to aid your explanation of the idea. The closer you
stay to the text, the clearer your explanation will be.
(B) Daoism: Laozi or Zhuangzi
Choose a passage from one of the primary Daoist texts that we read: The Daodejing or
The Zhuangzi. Whatever you choose, you must confine your essay to one of our authors’
texts: either Laozi’s Daodejing or Zhuangzi’s Zhuangzi. You may choose any passage you
like but you may only write within the context of one of the two thinkers.
and
Analyze and explain it as thoroughly and precisely as you can, staying close to the text
of the author you choose (using its terminology, following its reasoning, etc.). This point
is important: refer to, quote, paraphrase, and cite Laozi’s or Zhuangzi’s text—his words, his
terms, his explanations, his examples, etc.—to aid your explanation of the idea. The closer you
stay to the text, the clearer your explanation will be.
Note on Daoism: Remember that these specific texts are notoriously opaque and
mysterious, and their purpose seems to be, quite explicitly in some cases, to effect an
experiential change in thinking on the part of the reader. So, if you choose this option, give
yourself time to let the text affect you and wash over you. It is common that the sense of
particular passages vacillates and shifts as one reads them again and again. So try—
without trying, of course (i.e., in a wu wei fashion)—to give yourself ample room to
maneuver within the text’s mysterious spaces, as Zhuangzi’s butcher’s blade
maneuver’s freely within the heavenly contours of the ox’s carcass.
Philosophy 7: Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019)
Paper Guidelines
2
In these papers, I want you to try to capture the essence of what you choose. You might
imagine that what you are trying to do is teach someone what passage means within the
context of Confucianism or Daoism.
I am looking for in-depth and detailed analysis/explanation.
Paper Details
Due Date
SUNDAY, May 3rd on Canvas by MIDNIGHT
Paper Length
At least 3 full pages of text (“full” beginning.
PIC.jpg
a.zip
APA.ppt
APA Style--Review
College of Business and Organizational Leadership
*
Why APA style?
Allows readers to cross-reference sources
Provides a consistent standard across program
Gives the student credibility as a writer and protection from plagiarism
Help students be more critical consumers of the information they read and select
*
American Psychological AssociationFormed in 1928 by editors and business managers of anthropological and psychological journalsGoal of developing consistency in formatting material
Format basics
Margins: One inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right)
Font Size and Type: 10-12-pt. font (Times Roman, Courier, or Arial are acceptable typefaces)
Spacing: Double-space throughout the paper,
Alignment: Flush left (creating uneven right margin)
Paragraph Indentation: 5-7 spaces
Pagination: The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every page
*
HeadingsLevel 1:
Centered Upper- and Lowercase HeadingLevel 2:
Centered, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase HeadingLevel 3:
Flush Left, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase Side HeadingLevel 4:
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
*
Headings
Example of 2 levels:
Management Styles
Authoritative
Example of 3 levels:
Management Styles
Authoritative
Taylor’s Carrot vs. Stick Method
*
Superscript #’s indicate heading level
Citing summariesSummarizing: condensing and restating another’s ideas in your own wordsExample:
Smith has written an entire book on how much she enjoys using APA format.
Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun.
APA is fun (Smith, 2003).Summarized information needs to be cited in both the text and the reference page
*
Citing paraphrasesParaphrasing: restating another’s ideas in your own wordsExample:
Smith’s direct quote on page 28 is as follow: “Using APA is great fun.”
Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun (p. 28).
APA is fun (Smith, 2003, p. 28).Paraphrased information needs to be cited in both the text and the reference page
*
Citing quotesUse block quotes when citing 40 or more words in a row
Wu (2002) has found self-fulfillment through APA:
APA citations have solidified my purpose and direction in life. Reading the Publication manual has helped me find structure and order in my chaotic, postmodern existence. As an instructor, one of my greatest joys is sharing this sense of order with others. (p. 174)WARNING: Avoid over-using block quotes in papers. Keep quotations, especially block quotes, to a minimum. Instead, use summaries and paraphrases whenever possible.
*
In-text citations
A direct quote… (Bradley, 1998, p.276).
Paraphrasing with one author (Bradley, 1998).
…with two authors… (Bradley & Calhoun, 1998).
…with three to five authors
(1st time only) (Bradley, Calhoun, Davis & Fitch, 1998).
…with three to five authors
(followi.
PHIL101 B008 Win 20 ! " # Assignments
AssignmentsAssignments
Assignment List Week 7 - Philosophical Essay
Week 7 - Philosophical EssayWeek 7 - Philosophical Essay
DUE: Feb 23, 2020 11:55 PM
Grade DetailsGrade Details
GradeGrade N/A
Gradebook CommentsGradebook Comments None
Assignment DetailsAssignment Details
Open DateOpen Date Jan 6, 2020 12:05 AM
Graded?Graded? Yes
Points PossiblePoints Possible 100.0
Resubmissions Allowed?Resubmissions Allowed? No
Attachments checked for originality?Attachments checked for originality? Yes
Assignment InstructionsAssignment Instructions
Objective: Students will write a Philosophical Essay for week 7 based on the course concepts.
Course Objectives: 2, 3, & 4
Task:
This 4 - 5 full page (not to exceed 6 pages) Philosophical Essay you will be writing due Week 7 is
designed to be a thoughtful, reflective work. The 4 - 5 full pages does not include a cover page or
a works cited page. It will be your premier writing assignment focused on the integration and
assessment relating to the course concepts. Your paper should be written based on the outline
! You can access the new Success Center via the left hand navigation in your classrooms. This tool
is updated regularly and provides access to hundreds of relevant resources geared towards
your academic and professional goals. Check it out!
"
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/page-reset/2bba5324-c68b-4b04-9baa-1098523c2cc7
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool-reset/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool-reset/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8/student-assignment-list
https://edge.apus.edu/portal/site/432650/tool/b4ed8e22-9463-4014-92e5-da92ad3124b8/student-submit/857494#
javascript:void(0)
you submitted during week 4 combined with your additional thoughts and instructor feedback. You
will use at least three scholarly/reliable resources with matching in-text citations and a Works
Cited page. All essays are double spaced, 12 New Times Roman font, paper title, along with all
paragraphs indented five spaces.
Details:
You will pick one of the following topics only to do your paper on:
According to Socrates, must one heed popular opinion about moral matters? Does
Socrates accept the fairness of the laws under which he was tried and convicted? Would
Socrates have been wrong to escape?
Consider the following philosophical puzzle: “If a tree falls in the forest and there's no one around to
hear it, does it make a sound?” (1) How is this philosophical puzzle an epistemological problem?
And (2) how would John Locke answer it?
Evaluate the movie, The Matrix, in terms of the philosophical issues raised with (1) skepticism and
(2) the mind-body problem. Explain how the movie raises questions similar to those found in Plato’s
and Descartes’ philosophy. Do not give a plot summary of the movie – focus on .
Phase 3 Structured Problem Solving ProcessStep 1: Define the Problem
1. Develop/Implement Cycle Inventory
2. Develop software automation
a. Demand Forecasting
b. Cycle Inventory
c. Simulation
3. Create Benchmark of SCM
a. PlantronicsStep 2: Create a Plan
1. Develop/Implement Cycle Inventory
a. Reasons for Cycle Inventory
b. Context of SC Network and SC Stages
c. Best forecasted demand
d. Calculate Cycle Inventory and other values (Enter Formulas for each into Spreadsheet)
e. Graphically show Theia’s Cycle Inventory
2. Develop Software Automation
a. Automate Demand Forecasting in Visual Basic
b. Automate Cycle Inventory in Visual Basic
c. Show simulation of Software Module of Theia Vision’s Cycle Inventory/Demand Forecasting
3. Develop a Benchmark of SCM against PlantronicsStep 3: Execute the Plan
Following contents are the plan in execution.[1] - Cycle Inventory
Advantages/Reasons for Theia Having a Cycle Inventory
· Average amount inventory used to satisfy demand between shipments → allows Theia to take advantage of economies of scale
· Allows Theia to minimize total inventory costs
· Theia should keep the cycle inventory as low as possible to save money on shipping and storage of inventory costs. → key aspect to maximize profit
· Facilitates the balance of supply and demand for Theia’s products by allowing SPC to satisfy customer demand based on forecasts
· Implementing optimal quantity of inventory to receive from suppliers per each shipment/order allows Theia to minimize holding cost of inventory and transportation cost
· Overall, having a cycle inventory will allow SPC to reduce costs, therefore maximizing their profits
Context of Theia’s Supply Chain
Theia’s Supply Chain Network
Theia Vision’s Best Forecasted Demand for Year 4 (Winter’s Method)
Year
Annual Demand
Period
Forecast
1
578,166
1
15099
2
96110
3
182443
4
284514
2
1,492,695
5
219828
6
330269
7
416538
8
526060
3
2,365,871
9
359812
10
535437
11
659850
12
810772
4
2,504,131
13
499278
14
616411
15
662682
16
725260
Cycle inventory is the average inventory needed to meet customer demand between the order time and when the supply arrives.
Costs are part of the equation due to inventory storage expenses.
⇒ Therefore, we need to know the annual demand of our product as well as the material cost, shipping cost, and holding cost:
Demand (D) = Annual demand (obtained through forecasting) Year 4
2,504,131 Smart Glasses
Cost (C) = Price paid by the manufacturer to the supplier for 1 unit of supply
$300
Inventory holding cost (h%) = cost of holding $1 of inventory for 1 year.
0.1
Fixed Ordering Cost (S) = cost of placing the order and labor for receiving.
$3000
Lot Size (Q) = Number of units in 1 lot of shipment (quantity per shipment)
QL*= √
QL* = √
QL* =12920.6
The amount Theia should load onto each truck is about 12,920.6 Smart Glasses per shipment to minimize total cost based on forecasted demand for year 4. (Efficiency)
Cycle Inventory
QL*.
Phil 2101 Final PaperGuidelines Approximately 5 pages, doubl.docxssuser562afc1
Phil 2101: Final Paper
Guidelines: Approximately 5 pages, double spaced, 1” margins, 12 pt. font, to be submitted in hard copy at the time of the final exam.
In explaining each author’s respective arguments, you should use quotes from the text, to justify your attributions. However, no outside sources should be used.
No, bibliography is required, however, you should note in parentheses the page on which the quoted material is found (in either edition of the text).
Ex: Nagel claims that arguing that evil is only the absence of good will not help to dispel the problem, for “facts are not altered or abolished by rebaptizing them” (p. 91).
At least one page of the paper should be dedicated to your defense of the final question of each option.
Option 1: Are there rational grounds for belief in God despite the existence of evil? Critically
evaluate Nagel's argument for atheism against Swinburne's theodicy. Does Swinburne provide a sufficient response to the problem of evil in your view? Why or why not? Defend your answer.
Option 2: Are human beings free and responsible agents? Weigh the argument for hard
determinism (discussed by Ayer) against either Ayer or Frankfurt's soft determinist response and the libertarian argument posed by Taylor. Who has the best argument, in your view, and why? Defend your answer.
Option 3: Mill alleges that morally correct actions are those that result in the greatest happiness for all affected? Is this true? Consider the objections to utilitarianism raised by the problem cases in Williams's "Critique of Utilitarianism" and/or the so-called Trolley Problem. Are these real problems for the theory or does the Utilitarian get the answer right even in these difficult cases? Defend your answer.
NOTE: All papers submitted in hard copy are scanned and uploaded in .pdf format to TurnItIn for archiving and plagiarism detection purposes. It is your responsibility to review the university guidelines on plagiarism prior to submission. Plagiarism will result in an automatic F for the class and initiation of BC disciplinary proceedings. DON’T RISK IT!
.
Perspectives on WarInstructionsAnalyze After watching .docxssuser562afc1
Perspectives on War
Instructions:
Analyze: After watching the news clip about the first Gulf War, analyze the points made in the news clip and answer the following questions:
How do Americans know about the Gulf War, in which very few Americans actually took part?
How do people know about experiences and events outside of their own individual reality?
How are the perspectives of each of the primary groups involved represented to members of that group and to people outside of that group?
How does the media dictate and define what people believe about the world outside of their own?
What role does the media play in constructing, refining, and perpetuating a specific narrative according to the people who profit from these conflicts?
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
AL Jazeera is funded in whole or in part by the qateri government
Instructions:
Please post 1 peer response
In the response post, include the following:
Share something that you have seen in your life which seems different from other people's perceptions
How does social media dictate and define what people believe about the world outside of their own?
How does social media filter the different perspectives you are exposed to by only showing you things that you are interested in?
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Reference
Al Jazeera English. (2011, January 8).
The listening post – Selling the first Gulf War
[Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/cx_VQf4eOQQ
AL Jazeera is funded in whole or in part by the qateri government
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cx_VQf4eOQQ&feature=emb_logo
.
pestle research for chile bolivia paraguay uruguay .docxssuser562afc1
pestle research for
chile
bolivia
paraguay
uruguay
argentina
from an ecommerce point of you.
should they invest and expand into these countries?
use the pestle analysis method and give me the countries with the research under them
use valid and fresh sources
the first draft is attached which you do not have to use.
i need details and specific information
.
Pg. 04Question Four Assignment 2Deadline Saturd.docxssuser562afc1
Pg. 04
Question Four
Assignment 2
Deadline: Saturday 21/03/[email protected] 23:59
[Total Mark for this Assignment is 5]
E-Portals Development
IT405
College of Computing and Informatics
Question One
1.5 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Evaluate the effectiveness of portals.
Content proxy is a web service on your server that can fetch data from external URLs and return it to the browser. How does the proxy improve the load time for users?
Question Two
1.5 Marks
Learning Outcome(s):
Recognize the main elements of portals development.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using HTTP POST for web service calls?Question Three
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Recognize the main elements of portals development.
What is the full form of LINQ? Explain LINQ to SQL. Question Four
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Evaluate the effectiveness of portals
What are the advantages of combining multiple Ajax calls into one call? Write any TWO.
.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Assignment Instructions.GETTING STARTED The next assignments wi.docx
1. Assignment Instructions.
GETTING STARTED: The next assignments will focus on an
established non-profit organization called Engineers Without
Borders. This organization’s website can be found here:
http://www.ewb-usa.org/. This information will be necessary to
complete this Projects.
SCENARIO: You are still working with the brochures that you
produced in the previous assignment. You must take them to a
printer. In the past, the printing company, Gonzales and Sons,
Inc., 8852 Westheimer, Houston, TX, has printed brochures for
you in the past and has produced excellent work. Because EWB
is a not-for-profit organization, this printing company has for
the past seven years offered to print to 1,000 brochures at a 50%
reduction of normal costs as a “donation” to EWB. However,
this has been a bad economic year for Gonzales and Sons, and
they feel they cannot offer you the 50% discount anymore. The
printing company needs to write a bad news letter to EWB
telling them the organization telling them.
YOUR TASK:
· As the accounts manager of Gonzales and Sons, write a “bad
news” letter to EWB in correct business letter format. For
specific information on this, review the guidelines about letters,
specifically the areas about bad news and adjustments/refusals.
(You can find the guidelines below this assignment instructions)
· Tell them what you can do, though, to salvage a good
business relationship.
· Sign your name. The person signing is the accounts manager.
· Define the purpose of the letter by deciding what you want
the reader to do when he or she has finished reading the letter.
Write an appropriate action statement for use in the letter.
Because your request falls in the category of bad news,
organize the letter using an indirect pattern. A good way to
remember this is the “sandwich” method: start with good news,
then the bad news, then end with good news.
2. · Provide logical reasoning, explanations, and details when
needed.
· Cushion the bad news, perhaps suggesting a compromise.
· Present material with concision, clarity, and fluency.
· Tell your readers which enclosures you would send with this
letter.
· Determine if anybody else would need a copy of the letter and
make necessary notations if so.
FORMATTING: If you need to review the requirements for
standard business-like letters, refer to the “Bad News” and
“Adjustments / Refusals.” guidelines below.
GUIDELINES for Conveying Bad News*
· Don’t Procrastinate. As much as people may dislike the news,
they will feel doubly offended after being kept in the day.
Never just blurt it out. Set a considerate tone by prefacing your
bad news with considerate terms such as I regret, We’re sorry,
or Unfortunately. Instead of flatly proclaiming Your application
has been denied, give recipients information they can use:
Unfortunately, we are unable to offer you admission to this
year’s program. This letter will explain why we made this
decision and how you can reapply. Provide a context that leads
into your explanation.
· Give a clear and honest explanation. Don’t make things worse
by fogging or dodging the issue.
· When you need to apologize, do so immediately. Place your
apology right up front. Don’t say
An error was made in calculating your construction bill. Do say
we are sorry we made a mistake in calculating your construction
3. bill. Don’t attempt to camouflage the error. Don’t offer excuses
or try to shift the blame.
· Use the passive voice to avoid accusations but not to dodge
responsibility.
Instead of You used the wrong bolts, say The wrong bolts were
used.
· Do not use “you” to blame the reader. Instead of You did not
send a deposit, say We have not received your deposit.
GUIDELINE for Adjustment Letters
Granting Adjustment
· Begin with the good news. A sincere apology helps rebuild
customers’ confidence.
· Explain what went wrong and how the problem will be
corrected. Without an honest explanation you leave the
impression that such problems are common or beyond your
control.
· Name blame employees as scapegoats. To blame someone in
the firm reflects poorly on the firm itself.
· Do not promise that the problem never will recur. Mishaps are
inevitable.
· End on a positive note. Focus on the solution, not the problem.
Refusing Adjustment
· Use an indirect organizational plan. Explain diplomatically
and clearly why you are refusing the request. Your goal is to
convince the reader that your refusal results from a thorough
analysis of the situation.
4. · Be sure the refusal is unambiguous. Don’t create unrealistic
expectations by using evasive language.
· Avoid a patronizing or accusing tone. Use the passive voice so
as not to accuse the claimant, but do not hide behind the passive
voice.
· Close courteously and positively. Offer an alternative or
compromise, when it is feasible to do so.
Laboratory Experiment. Number 6 & 7
Heat Treatment and Hardenability of Steels
Submitted to fulfill the requirements of MSE 227/L T 7-9:50
California State University, Northridge
College of Engineering and Computer Science
Manufacturing Systems Engineering and Management
Coach: Tony Magee
April 2, 2013
Team No.4
Naif Alabdullatef
Abdulaziz Aljamaan
Naif Alolaiwi
Daniel Curry
Prepared By:
Naif Alabdullatef
Laboratory Experiment No. 6 & 7
Heat Treatment and Hardenability of Steels
Abstract
This experiment is attempted to measure the hardenability of the
steel and understand the process of heat treatment of different
5. materials at different cooling strategies. Cooling through
different procedures will cause the materials to have different
properties and different microstructures. Furthermore next stage
of experiment relates the cooling rate and hardness of 1045
steel and 4143 steel. This also helps in determine how alloying
a material permits it to be heat treated more homogeneously.
Investigated results also proven to be close enough to expected
results in obtaining higher brittleness with rapid cooling in and
to improve ductility the process of tempering is proven to be
very efficient with increase of tempering temperature the
hardness of material must be decrease. Last but not least, after
finishing experiment 6 the group found out that the lower the
tempering temperature the lower the hardness. Also, the results
that the group found from experiment 7 after finishing it proved
being inconsistent from what it should be.
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to determine what effect heat
treating and then cooling has on the hardness and grain
structure of two different types of steel. The two different types
of steels were utilized are 1045 steel samples and 4143 steel
sample which is considered to be a low-alloy steel.
The heat-treating process is a method to alter physical and
mechanical properties of the material. The heat-treating process
is consists of three crucial steps of annealing, hardening, and
tempering. Annealing is primarily used to soften and to induce
the ductility of the specimens by heating and holding at suitable
temperature and then cooling, by instantly quenching in the
water, which produces the higher brittleness with low ductility
and toughness in the specimens. Moreover, tempering is a
process of heat-treating, which is used to increase the toughness
of metal. Tempering is important because it used to achieve
desired hardness. To restore some the toughness and impact
properties is obtained by tempering where specimens are
reheated to a temperature between 5000 F and 10000 F for
certain time which removes the internal strain caused by sudden
cooling in the quenching bath without a large decrease in
6. hardness or strength.
In attempting the first phase of the experiment it cannot
determined why some heat-treated materials don’t reach a high
hardness when cooled at certain temperature. With the hardness
test the hardness of a material can be determined. The
Hardenability is a property that determines the depth and
distribution of hardness when steel is heated to a given
temperature and then quenched to reach martensitic structure,
which is obtained by performing Jominy test, where an
austenitized steel bar is quenched at one end only, thus
producing a range of cooling rates along the bar.
Procedure
First of all, the experiment provided six 1045 steel specimens
were for heat treating process, and for the second were only two
steel rods of 1045 steel and 4143 steel respectively used to
perform the Jominy test. In order to go though the details read
the following: First the group begin with identifying all each
specimen by punching different letter on to them using hammer.
Second, the engineer students heated all specimens at 16000 F
for 1/2 hour after obtaining the Rockwell a scale hardness
measurement. Third, The four samples were quenched in water,
one sample is allowed for air cool, and the other sample is set
for furnace cool for one hour and quenched in water. Then, the
two steel rods of different properties also allowed for heated at
16000 F for 45 minutes after obtaining the Rockwell scale
hardness measurements. Also, the group measured the Rockwell
a scale hardness on all six quenched specimens after being heat
treated and tempered the three-quenched specimen at different
temperature of 6000 F, 8000 F, and 10000 F respectively for 30
minutes. After tempering specimens then quenched in water.
Moreover, obtained hardness measurements using Brinell (3000
kg) and Rockwell A scale on all six steel specimens. In order to
perform the Jominy test one steel rod is then removed from the
furnace and is placed in the cooling tower for 10 minutes before
quenching in water, repeated the same procedure for other steel
rod. Finally, measured the hardness 1/16 inch for the first inch
7. and every 1/8 for the next inch and 1/4 for the next 2 inches
using Rockwell a scale for both steel rods.
Results and Discussions
The experiments “Heat Treatment of Steel” and “Hardenability
of Steel” are two different experiments, which show the effects
of heat-treating, and quenching of specimen provides different
hardness and microstructure in the materials. During first phase
of experiment the two specimens are left to cool at room
temperature and furnace temperature, these specimens were
quenched after an hour. The reason for this quenching after an
hour is due to the fact that the grains in the material are given a
chance to form when cooling at room temperature and furnace
cooling temperature. If the grains are not given enough time to
form when cooling at room and oven temperature the grain
structure would not be accurate as if actually air cooled and
furnace cooled. From the Table 1 it can be clearly seen the
hardness obtained through furnace cooled is lesser than
hardness obtained by air cooled specimens because in furnace
cooling allow the grains to from due to its slow cooling process
where as during air cool specimens tends to cool much quicker
compare to furnace cool and specimens have less time to form
grains. Due to that specimens will have more boundaries, which
mean there will be more interference with dislocation motion.
Also, in Table 1 it shows the Rockwell measurement is 76.99
for the instant quench. On the other hand, the furnace cooled is
55.05. Moreover, in Table 2 represent the Ultimate Tensile
strength (psi) for all samples from the average Brinell Hardness
number obtained. In fact, the hardness of both of the measured
BNH and the measured Rockwell are decreasing. The Ultimate
Tensile Strength (psi) is also decreasing because the hardness is
going down. As we know the harder a material is the higher the
strength is. Furthermore, the instant quenched sample has the
highest hardness and the Ultimate Tensile strength results.
Finally, Table 3 represents the hardness of the Steel 1045
sample after it has been placed at different tempering
temperatures. Moreover, Table 4 shows the difference in
8. hardness between Steel 1045 and Steel 4143 that that was taken
at different distance from the quenched end.
Table 1 Comparison between performed Brinell hardness
numbers measurements with Brinell hardness numbers obtained
by conversion of Rockwell A scale measurements.
Specimens
Rockwell
A scale
measurements
RHA Conversion to BHN
Dimple Diameters (mm)
BHN from Dimple Diameters
S instant quench
76.99
500
2.50
601
H Tempered @540 0C
71.58
390
3.20
363
D Tempered @ 430 0C
69.19
353
2.90
444
K Tempered @ 315 0C
70.89
381
2.81
417
M (air cooled)
53.39
172
9. 4.29
197
E (Furnace cooled)
53.05
169
4.51
179
Table 2 Computed Ultimate Tensile strength (psi) based on the
average Brinell Hardness number obtained.
Specimens
Measured BHN
(3000)kg
Measured Rockwell A scale numbers (HRA )
Conversion BHN
Average BHN
Ultimate Tensile Strength (psi)
S
401
75.53
500
550.5
2.75E+05
D
429
71.71
353
398.5
1.99E+05
K
444
66.89
381
399
2.00E+05
10. H
388
66.99
390
376.5
1.88E+05
M
211
55.92
172
184.5
9.23E+04
E
363
52.10
169
174
8.70E+04
The obtained Brinell hardness comparing to Brinell hardness
obtained from the conversion scale of Rockwell A scale
hardness both results increase and decrease accordingly to the
hardness. The data represented in Table 1 and Figure 1 shows
that Brinell hardness increase in relation to the cooling rate and
heat treating hardness for Rockwell A scale hardness
measurements, but did not increase between specimens “K” and
“D” instead hardness went down. If both the Brinell hardness
and Rockwell a numbers were proportional to each other a
straight line would be seen. A graph like the one shown in
Figure 1 could be a result of an inaccurate machine or
inaccurate measurement taking strategies.
Figure 1 Brinell Hardness numbers vs. Rockwell A scale
numbers obtained after heat treating of the specimens.
Table 3 The hardness measurements obtained using Rockwell A
11. scale for three 1045 steel specimens that has been tempered at
different temperatures after being heat treated.
Specimens
Hardness Rockwell
A scale (HRA)
Tempering temperature ( c )
D
71.71
430
K
66.89
315
H
66.99
540
Figure 2 Hardness obtained using Rockwell A scale hardness
after tempering the specimens.
To obtain desired mechanical properties in steel specimens it is
necessary to process heat treating, quenching, and tempering of
the steel. Hardening is way of making steel harder, by first heat
treating the specimens to 8850 C for half hour and immediately
cools it by quenching the specimens in water, which increase
the brittleness of the substance at much higher rate with very
low ductility and toughness in the samples. The tempering is the
process through which brittleness is reduced to improve
ductility and toughness by heating the specimens at different
temperature for certain time.
Higher tempering temperature will yield a somewhat softer
material with higher toughness, whereas a lower tempering
temperature will produce a harder and somewhat more brittle
material, as shown by the Figure 2 where hardness increases
with the increase of tempering temperature.
The possible errors of not quenching the specimens in desired
time or factors of obtaining the hardness of the samples at
12. softer spot may have occurred in processing the tempering of
specimens, which resulted on the graphs for not obtaining
consistency.
The decline in hardness of tempered specimens once has been
heat treated and quenched in Table 3 proves the hypothesis of
decrease in brittleness by tempering the specimens.
The Ultimate tensile strength of materials is determined using
equation 1 by using data collected for Brinell hardness for all
the specimens mentioned in Table 2.
Equation 1 Calculating the Ultimate Tensile Strength of
materials.
In determining the strength, obtaining the hardness is great
ways of making comparison, which can be attain using
Rockwell A scale and Brinell hardness scale which is directly
proportional to the tensile strength. In using Brinell hardness
scale timing in maintaining the load on the specimens may have
been a factor of slight variation of results where as in Rockwell
A scale ha
From the Figure 4 the amount of carbide ((Fe3C) can be
calculated at temperature 1338 0F for 1045 steel using equation
2 where C1 is 45% because that is the weight percent of carbon
in 1045 steel. Ca and Cb calculated using the lever rule which
consists of drawing a line across to determine how much weight
percent of material there is in the steel, where “a” is alpha and
“b” is Iron Carbide (Fe3C). Using equation 2 is determined that
Iron carbide percent is about 0.68% and 99.32% is presumed to
be alpha phase.
Wb = (C1 – Ca)/(Cb – Ca) , Ca= 2.2%, and Cb= 65% are the
weight percent composition.
Equation 2 To find the Fe3C (carbide) content using weight
percent equation.
Figure 4 The iron-iron carbide phase diagram.
Different microstructures obtained when specimens processed
13. through differen cooling strategies that is why the TTT (Time,
Temperature, Transformation) chart in Figure 5 is proven to be
great tool in determining the microstructure. The TTT chart
shows the amount of time needed to quench a material to reach
a certain phase. The left part line represents the beginning of
the transformation and the right part line represents the
conclusion of the transformation. The TTT chart also explains
the need of quenching the specimens after an hour of cooling
due to after certain time the specimens does not require any
more transformation. The martensite structure which is one of
the hardest of all phases is obtained upon quenching instantly to
a low temperature. But the other samples that quenched were
temperd again to move higher up in the TTT chart where less
hardened materials are . To obtained a desired phase it is
neccsary to for rapid change in temperature with respect to time
when quenching the 1045 steel to reach a Bainite phase.
The specimens that were furnace cooled and cooled at room
temperature are most likely to fall in the pearlite phase where
the one cooled at room temperature is said to be fine pearlite
while the other one is more close to coarse pearlite due to slow
cooling process. The specimens tempered at 540°C falls
between pearlite and bainite phases. The specimens tempered at
430°C and 315°C fall under the Bainite phase, the one tempered
at a lower temperature could be classified as being of finer
Bainite.
Figure 5 The TTT (Time, Temperature, Transformation) chart
for 1045 steel.
Microstructure and hardness are closely correlated;
microstructure consists of grain size and crystal structure. When
the specimens were reached at austenite phase, the grains are
more uniform and homogeneously distributed; upon completion
of this process the specimens are ready to be cooled in order to
obtain different hardeneability in the material. During instant
quenching of the specimens the specimens with evenly
distributed grains are not given a chance to form and are then
solidified giving the material a fine grain structure in contrast
14. to a material slowly cooling which gives a material more coarse
grains making the material less hard and more ductile. The
Jominy test results illustrated in Figure 3 prove that how
cooling rate affects hardness data obtained on the attempt of
experiment. The greater distance of quenching the less hard the
material is because, as mentioned before, the grains are given
more time to form, and the bigger the grains the less hard the
material. The inconsistency among results obtained instead of
constantly moving downward may have caused due to
experimental errors such as not placing it fast enough on the
Jominy tester. The graph line obtained by the 4143steel and
1045 steel quickly goes up and down not opening the water
enough for quenching during the Jominy test. The overall graph
is also does not matches to the expected results where 1045
steel graph must lower than the graph line obtained by the 4061
steel rod specimen is considered to be an experimental error of
not transporting the specimen on the tester with in time
duration.
Table 4 The Jominy test results obtained on two steel rods.
Distance from quenched end (in)
1045 Steel
4143 Steel
0.0625
75.9
66.2
0.125
72.2
66.4
0.1875
61.7
66.5
0.25
50.3
68.5
17. 3.25
38.6
45.1
3.5
40.1
22.9
3.75
42.7
32
4
36.4
26.3
Figure 3 Plot showing Hardness as a function of distance from
the quenched end for 1045 steel and 4061 steel specimens. The
dash line is the Steel 4061 and the solid line is the Steel 1045.
Conclusion
Materials that cool at slower cooling rates tend to be softer
materials while those that are cooled at faster cooling rates tend
to be harder. Tempering a material lowers its ultimate strength
but increases the amount of stress the material can absorb
(toughness), higher the tempering temperature the lower the
ultimate strength. Tempering also adds more ductile
characteristics to the material. High hardness in materials only
can be attain when there is a low toughness, in order to acquire
toughness in a material that has been quenched, The tempering
of the specimens is then processed to improve the toughness in
the material and lower the brittleness.Fine grain structures tend
to be hard material where as materials with coarse grain
structure has more ductile properties. Furthermore, the data
does not accurately show what should be happening. The data I
collected has error that is obviously shows in my graph. The
graph should show a straight line going down similar to the one
18. in experiment 6. For example, after heating the Steel and
quenched it the group had to measured it and probably by
mistake the engineer student measured the same point twice or
took similar points close to each other. Also, maybe the time it
took to move the Steel from furnace to be quenched was too
long which effected the measurements. Moreover, the water that
was used to quench could have been too strong hitting the
specimen, which leads to make a huge differences in
measurements.
References
D. Callister Jr, Fundamentals of Materials Science and
Engineering, J. Wiley & Sons, NY, 3rd Ed. 2008, Flinn and
Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their Application, Chapter 6
Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy ASM Handbook on Heat
Treatment, Vol. 2
http://www.smt.sandvik.com/en/products/strip-steel-and-strip-
based-products/strip-products/knife-steel/hardening-
guide/purpose-of-hardening-and-tempering/
http://www.carbidedepot.com/formulas-hardness.htm
William D. Callister, Jr., David G. Rethwisch. Fundamentals of
materials science and engineering, third edition
www.csun.edu/~bavarian/Courses/MSE%20227/Labs/2-
Charpy_test.pdf
Distance From Quenching (in) vs. Hardness (HRA)
1045 Steel 0.0625 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125
0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.5625 0.625 0.6875
0.75 0.8125 0.875 0.9375 1.0 1.125 1.25
1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2.0 2.25 2.5
2.75 3.0 3.25 3.5 3.75 4.0 75.9 72.2 61.7 50.3 58.2
56.9 55.6 55.9 53.6 55.7 54.4 49.7 51.8 51.2 51.6 50.2
19. 49.2 50.8 50.5 48.4 49.2 49.1 47.8 47.2 47.3 47.5 46.9
44.2 38.6 40.1 42.7 36.4 4061 Steel 0.0625 0.125
0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.5625
0.625 0.6875 0.75 0.8125 0.875 0.9375
1.0 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875
2.0 2.25 2.5 2.75 3.0 3.25 3.5 3.75 4.0 66.2 66.4
66.5 68.5 67.6 61.3 65.1 60.8 60.6 61.4 57.8 58.2 53.8
55.9 51.9 56.6 52.3 55.0 53.5 51.8 49.8 51.9 52.0 47.7
49.7 49.7 45.5 45.8 45.1 22.9 32.0 26.3
Distance From Quenching (in)
Hardness (HRA)
Brinell Hardness (krg) vs. Rockwell A Hardness (hra)
BHN vs. Rockwell A 601.0 444.0 417.0 363.0
197.0 179.0 76.99 69.19 70.89 71.58
53.39 53.05
Brinell Hardness (krg)
Hardness (Rockwell A scale) hra
Rockwell A Hardness vs. Tempering Temperature 540.0
315.0 71.58 70.89
Tempering Temperature (C)
Hardness (Rockwell A scale)
Laboratory Experiment. Number 6 & 7
Heat Treatment and Hardenability of Steels
Submitted to fulfill the requirements of MSE 227/L T 7-9:50
College of Engineering and Computer Science
Manufacturing Systems Engineering and Management
April 2, 2013
Laboratory Experiment No. 6 & 7
Heat Treatment and Hardenability of Steels
Abstract
This experiment is attempted to measure the hardenability of the
steel and understand the process of heat treatment of different
materials at different cooling strategies. Cooling through
20. different procedures will cause the materials to have different
properties and different microstructures. Furthermore next stage
of experiment relates the cooling rate and hardness of 1045
steel and 4143 steel. This also helps in determine how alloying
a material permits it to be heat treated more homogeneously.
Investigated results also proven to be close enough to expected
results in obtaining higher brittleness with rapid cooling in and
to improve ductility the process of tempering is proven to be
very efficient with increase of tempering temperature the
hardness of material must be decrease. Last but not least, after
finishing experiment 6 the group found out that the lower the
tempering temperature the lower the hardness. Also, the results
that the group found from experiment 7 after finishing it proved
being inconsistent from what it should be.
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to determine what effect heat
treating and then cooling has on the hardness and grain
structure of two different types of steel. The two different types
of steels were utilized are 1045 steel samples and 4143 steel
sample which is considered to be a low-alloy steel.
The heat-treating process is a method to alter physical and
mechanical properties of the material. The heat-treating process
is consists of three crucial steps of annealing, hardening, and
tempering. Annealing is primarily used to soften and to induce
the ductility of the specimens by heating and holding at suitable
temperature and then cooling, by instantly quenching in the
water, which produces the higher brittleness with low ductility
and toughness in the specimens. Moreover, tempering is a
process of heat-treating, which is used to increase the toughness
of metal. Tempering is important because it used to achieve
desired hardness. To restore some the toughness and impact
properties is obtained by tempering where specimens are
reheated to a temperature between 5000 F and 10000 F for
certain time which removes the internal strain caused by sudden
cooling in the quenching bath without a large decrease in
hardness or strength.
21. In attempting the first phase of the experiment it cannot
determined why some heat-treated materials don’t reach a high
hardness when cooled at certain temperature. With the hardness
test the hardness of a material can be determined. The
Hardenability is a property that determines the depth and
distribution of hardness when steel is heated to a given
temperature and then quenched to reach martensitic structure,
which is obtained by performing Jominy test, where an
austenitized steel bar is quenched at one end only, thus
producing a range of cooling rates along the bar.
Procedure
First of all, the experiment provided six 1045 steel specimens
were for heat treating process, and for the second were only two
steel rods of 1045 steel and 4143 steel respectively used to
perform the Jominy test. In order to go though the details read
the following: First the group begin with identifying all each
specimen by punching different letter on to them using hammer.
Second, the engineer students heated all specimens at 16000 F
for 1/2 hour after obtaining the Rockwell a scale hardness
measurement. Third, The four samples were quenched in water,
one sample is allowed for air cool, and the other sample is set
for furnace cool for one hour and quenched in water. Then, the
two steel rods of different properties also allowed for heated at
16000 F for 45 minutes after obtaining the Rockwell scale
hardness measurements. Also, the group measured the Rockwell
a scale hardness on all six quenched specimens after being heat
treated and tempered the three-quenched specimen at different
temperature of 6000 F, 8000 F, and 10000 F respectively for 30
minutes. After tempering specimens then quenched in water.
Moreover, obtained hardness measurements using Brinell (3000
kg) and Rockwell A scale on all six steel specimens. In order to
perform the Jominy test one steel rod is then removed from the
furnace and is placed in the cooling tower for 10 minutes before
quenching in water, repeated the same procedure for other steel
rod. Finally, measured the hardness 1/16 inch for the first inch
and every 1/8 for the next inch and 1/4 for the next 2 inches
22. using Rockwell a scale for both steel rods.
Results and Discussions
The experiments “Heat Treatment of Steel” and “Hardenability
of Steel” are two different experiments, which show the effects
of heat-treating, and quenching of specimen provides different
hardness and microstructure in the materials. During first phase
of experiment the two specimens are left to cool at room
temperature and furnace temperature, these specimens were
quenched after an hour. The reason for this quenching after an
hour is due to the fact that the grains in the material are given a
chance to form when cooling at room temperature and furnace
cooling temperature. If the grains are not given enough time to
form when cooling at room and oven temperature the grain
structure would not be accurate as if actually air cooled and
furnace cooled. From the Table 1 it can be clearly seen the
hardness obtained through furnace cooled is lesser than
hardness obtained by air cooled specimens because in furnace
cooling allow the grains to from due to its slow cooling process
where as during air cool specimens tends to cool much quicker
compare to furnace cool and specimens have less time to form
grains. Due to that specimens will have more boundaries, which
mean there will be more interference with dislocation motion.
Also, in Table 1 it shows the Rockwell measurement is 76.99
for the instant quench. On the other hand, the furnace cooled is
55.05. Moreover, in Table 2 represent the Ultimate Tensile
strength (psi) for all samples from the average Brinell Hardness
number obtained. In fact, the hardness of both of the measured
BNH and the measured Rockwell are decreasing. The Ultimate
Tensile Strength (psi) is also decreasing because the hardness is
going down. As we know the harder a material is the higher the
strength is. Furthermore, the instant quenched sample has the
highest hardness and the Ultimate Tensile strength results.
Finally, Table 3 represents the hardness of the Steel 1045
sample after it has been placed at different tempering
temperatures. Moreover, Table 4 shows the difference in
hardness between Steel 1045 and Steel 4143 that that was taken
23. at different distance from the quenched end.
Table 1 Comparison between performed Brinell hardness
numbers measurements with Brinell hardness numbers obtained
by conversion of Rockwell A scale measurements.
Specimens
Rockwell
A scale
measurements
RHA Conversion to BHN
Dimple Diameters (mm)
BHN from Dimple Diameters
S instant quench
76.99
500
2.50
601
H Tempered @540 0C
71.58
390
3.20
363
D Tempered @ 430 0C
69.19
353
2.90
444
K Tempered @ 315 0C
70.89
381
2.81
417
M (air cooled)
53.39
172
4.29
24. 197
E (Furnace cooled)
53.05
169
4.51
179
Table 2 Computed Ultimate Tensile strength (psi) based on the
average Brinell Hardness number obtained.
Specimens
Measured BHN
(3000)kg
Measured Rockwell A scale numbers (HRA )
Conversion BHN
Average BHN
Ultimate Tensile Strength (psi)
S
401
75.53
500
550.5
2.75E+05
D
429
71.71
353
398.5
1.99E+05
K
444
66.89
381
399
2.00E+05
H
25. 388
66.99
390
376.5
1.88E+05
M
211
55.92
172
184.5
9.23E+04
E
363
52.10
169
174
8.70E+04
The obtained Brinell hardness comparing to Brinell hardness
obtained from the conversion scale of Rockwell A scale
hardness both results increase and decrease accordingly to the
hardness. The data represented in Table 1 and Figure 1 shows
that Brinell hardness increase in relation to the cooling rate and
heat treating hardness for Rockwell A scale hardness
measurements, but did not increase between specimens “K” and
“D” instead hardness went down. If both the Brinell hardness
and Rockwell a numbers were proportional to each other a
straight line would be seen. A graph like the one shown in
Figure 1 could be a result of an inaccurate machine or
inaccurate measurement taking strategies.
Figure 1 Brinell Hardness numbers vs. Rockwell A scale
numbers obtained after heat treating of the specimens.
Table 3 The hardness measurements obtained using Rockwell A
scale for three 1045 steel specimens that has been tempered at
26. different temperatures after being heat treated.
Specimens
Hardness Rockwell
A scale (HRA)
Tempering temperature ( c )
D
71.71
430
K
66.89
315
H
66.99
540
Figure 2 Hardness obtained using Rockwell A scale hardness
after tempering the specimens.
To obtain desired mechanical properties in steel specimens it is
necessary to process heat treating, quenching, and tempering of
the steel. Hardening is way of making steel harder, by first heat
treating the specimens to 8850 C for half hour and immediately
cools it by quenching the specimens in water, which increase
the brittleness of the substance at much higher rate with very
low ductility and toughness in the samples. The tempering is the
process through which brittleness is reduced to improve
ductility and toughness by heating the specimens at different
temperature for certain time.
Higher tempering temperature will yield a somewhat softer
material with higher toughness, whereas a lower tempering
temperature will produce a harder and somewhat more brittle
material, as shown by the Figure 2 where hardness increases
with the increase of tempering temperature.
The possible errors of not quenching the specimens in desired
time or factors of obtaining the hardness of the samples at
softer spot may have occurred in processing the tempering of
27. specimens, which resulted on the graphs for not obtaining
consistency.
The decline in hardness of tempered specimens once has been
heat treated and quenched in Table 3 proves the hypothesis of
decrease in brittleness by tempering the specimens.
The Ultimate tensile strength of materials is determined using
equation 1 by using data collected for Brinell hardness for all
the specimens mentioned in Table 2.
Equation 1 Calculating the Ultimate Tensile Strength of
materials.
In determining the strength, obtaining the hardness is great
ways of making comparison, which can be attain using
Rockwell A scale and Brinell hardness scale which is directly
proportional to the tensile strength. In using Brinell hardness
scale timing in maintaining the load on the specimens may have
been a factor of slight variation of results where as in Rockwell
A scale ha
From the Figure 4 the amount of carbide ((Fe3C) can be
calculated at temperature 1338 0F for 1045 steel using equation
2 where C1 is 45% because that is the weight percent of carbon
in 1045 steel. Ca and Cb calculated using the lever rule which
consists of drawing a line across to determine how much weight
percent of material there is in the steel, where “a” is alpha and
“b” is Iron Carbide (Fe3C). Using equation 2 is determined that
Iron carbide percent is about 0.68% and 99.32% is presumed to
be alpha phase.
Wb = (C1 – Ca)/(Cb – Ca) , Ca= 2.2%, and Cb= 65% are the
weight percent composition.
Equation 2 To find the Fe3C (carbide) content using weight
percent equation.
Figure 4 The iron-iron carbide phase diagram.
Different microstructures obtained when specimens processed
through differen cooling strategies that is why the TTT (Time,
28. Temperature, Transformation) chart in Figure 5 is proven to be
great tool in determining the microstructure. The TTT chart
shows the amount of time needed to quench a material to reach
a certain phase. The left part line represents the beginning of
the transformation and the right part line represents the
conclusion of the transformation. The TTT chart also explains
the need of quenching the specimens after an hour of cooling
due to after certain time the specimens does not require any
more transformation. The martensite structure which is one of
the hardest of all phases is obtained upon quenching instantly to
a low temperature. But the other samples that quenched were
temperd again to move higher up in the TTT chart where less
hardened materials are . To obtained a desired phase it is
neccsary to for rapid change in temperature with respect to time
when quenching the 1045 steel to reach a Bainite phase.
The specimens that were furnace cooled and cooled at room
temperature are most likely to fall in the pearlite phase where
the one cooled at room temperature is said to be fine pearlite
while the other one is more close to coarse pearlite due to slow
cooling process. The specimens tempered at 540°C falls
between pearlite and bainite phases. The specimens tempered at
430°C and 315°C fall under the Bainite phase, the one tempered
at a lower temperature could be classified as being of finer
Bainite.
Figure 5 The TTT (Time, Temperature, Transformation) chart
for 1045 steel.
Microstructure and hardness are closely correlated;
microstructure consists of grain size and crystal structure. When
the specimens were reached at austenite phase, the grains are
more uniform and homogeneously distributed; upon completion
of this process the specimens are ready to be cooled in order to
obtain different hardeneability in the material. During instant
quenching of the specimens the specimens with evenly
distributed grains are not given a chance to form and are then
solidified giving the material a fine grain structure in contrast
to a material slowly cooling which gives a material more coarse
29. grains making the material less hard and more ductile. The
Jominy test results illustrated in Figure 3 prove that how
cooling rate affects hardness data obtained on the attempt of
experiment. The greater distance of quenching the less hard the
material is because, as mentioned before, the grains are given
more time to form, and the bigger the grains the less hard the
material. The inconsistency among results obtained instead of
constantly moving downward may have caused due to
experimental errors such as not placing it fast enough on the
Jominy tester. The graph line obtained by the 4143steel and
1045 steel quickly goes up and down not opening the water
enough for quenching during the Jominy test. The overall graph
is also does not matches to the expected results where 1045
steel graph must lower than the graph line obtained by the 4061
steel rod specimen is considered to be an experimental error of
not transporting the specimen on the tester with in time
duration.
Table 4 The Jominy test results obtained on two steel rods.
Distance from quenched end (in)
1045 Steel
4143 Steel
0.0625
75.9
66.2
0.125
72.2
66.4
0.1875
61.7
66.5
0.25
50.3
68.5
0.3125
32. 38.6
45.1
3.5
40.1
22.9
3.75
42.7
32
4
36.4
26.3
Figure 3 Plot showing Hardness as a function of distance from
the quenched end for 1045 steel and 4061 steel specimens. The
dash line is the Steel 4061 and the solid line is the Steel 1045.
Conclusion
Materials that cool at slower cooling rates tend to be softer
materials while those that are cooled at faster cooling rates tend
to be harder. Tempering a material lowers its ultimate strength
but increases the amount of stress the material can absorb
(toughness), higher the tempering temperature the lower the
ultimate strength. Tempering also adds more ductile
characteristics to the material. High hardness in materials only
can be attain when there is a low toughness, in order to acquire
toughness in a material that has been quenched, The tempering
of the specimens is then processed to improve the toughness in
the material and lower the brittleness.Fine grain structures tend
to be hard material where as materials with coarse grain
structure has more ductile properties. Furthermore, the data
does not accurately show what should be happening. The data I
collected has error that is obviously shows in my graph. The
graph should show a straight line going down similar to the one
in experiment 6. For example, after heating the Steel and
33. quenched it the group had to measured it and probably by
mistake the engineer student measured the same point twice or
took similar points close to each other. Also, maybe the time it
took to move the Steel from furnace to be quenched was too
long which effected the measurements. Moreover, the water that
was used to quench could have been too strong hitting the
specimen, which leads to make a huge differences in
measurements.
References
D. Callister Jr, Fundamentals of Materials Science and
Engineering, J. Wiley & Sons, NY, 3rd Ed. 2008, Flinn and
Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their Application, Chapter 6
Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy ASM Handbook on Heat
Treatment, Vol. 2
http://www.smt.sandvik.com/en/products/strip-steel-and-strip-
based-products/strip-products/knife-steel/hardening-
guide/purpose-of-hardening-and-tempering/
http://www.carbidedepot.com/formulas-hardness.htm
William D. Callister, Jr., David G. Rethwisch. Fundamentals of
materials science and engineering, third edition
www.csun.edu/~bavarian/Courses/MSE%20227/Labs/2-
Charpy_test.pdf
Brinell Hardness (krg) vs. Rockwell A Hardness (hra)
BHN vs. Rockwell A 601 444 417 363 197 179
76.989999999999995 69.19 70.89 71.58
53.39 53.05
Brinell Hardness (krg)
Hardness (Rockwell A scale) hra
Rockwell A Hardness vs. Tempering Temperature 540 315
