Assignment 2 Defining the Problem and Research MethodsSec
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Assignment 2: Defining the Problem and Research Methods Sections 1 and 2 of Major Assessment 7: Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health Problem How do culture and environment influence health? What role does personality play in health outcomes? How do stressful life events influence disease? As a health care professional, you have most likely witnessed the influence of psychosocial factors on individual health. These factors also have a significant impact on population health. Chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease, as well as degenerative diseases, can be studied at the population level through the use of epidemiologic methods (Friis, 2014). The insights gained from this type of research can then positively impact health outcomes locally, nationally, and globally. As you continue working on Assignment 2, which is due by Thursday 04/05/2018 Day 5 of this week , consider how psychosocial factors influence your population and population health issue. To complete: In 5–6 pages, APA format with a minimum of five (5) scholarly references (see list of required readings below), write the following sections of your paper: Section 1: The Problem 1) Introduction (ending with a purpose statement: “the purpose of this paper is…) 2) A brief outline of the environment you selected (i.e., home, workplace, school) 3) A summary of your selected population health problem in terms of person, place, and time, and the magnitude of the problem based on data from appropriate data resources (Reference the data resources you used.) 4) Research question/hypothesis (same as the one in assignment 1. I’m including an attachment of assignment 1 you did for me). Section 2: Research Methods 1) The epidemiologic study design you would use to assess and address your population health problem 2) Assessment strategies (i.e., if you were conducting a case-control study, how would you select your cases and controls? Regarding the methods and tools, you would use to make these selections, how is it convenient for you as the researcher or as the investigator to use this tool?) 3) Summary of the data collection activities (i.e., how you would collect data—online survey, paper/pen, mailing, etc.) 4) Conclusion of the whole paper. Required Readings Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. Chapter 10, “Data Interpretation Issues” Chapter 15, “Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology” Appendix A – Guide to the Critical Appraisal of an Epidemiologic/Public Health Research Article In Chapter 10, the authors describe issues related to data interpretation and address the main types of research errors that need to be considered when conducting epidemiologic research, as well as when analyzing published results. It also presents techniques for reducing bias. Chapter 15 features psychosocial, behavioral, ...
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For the DNP-prepared nurse, it is important to hone skills relat
For the DNP-prepared nurse, it is important to hone skills related to reviewing and evaluating research literature to implement evidence-based practices. As you examine epidemiological research, in particular, it is essential to ask, “What are the strengths and weakness of the research method(s)? Are the data analysis and interpretation sound? Is there any evidence of bias?” This Discussion provides you and your colleagues valuable practice in critically analyzing research literature.
To prepare:
With this week’s Learning Resources in mind, reflect on the importance of analyzing epidemiological research studies.
Critically appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott, Smith, Penny, Smith and Chambers (1999) articles presented in the Learning Resources using Appendix A in Epidemiology for Public Health Practice as a guide.
Determine the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods and data analysis of each study.
Ask yourself, “Is any bias evident in either study? What did the researchers do to control for potential bias?”
Finally, consider the importance of data interpretation in epidemiologic literature and the issues that may arise if potential confounding factors are not considered.
Post
a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:
Appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott et al. (1999) articles, summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each study.
Analyze potential sources of bias in each study, and suggest strategies for minimizing bias.
Suggest possible confounding variables that may have influenced the results of each study.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014).
Epidemiology for public health practice
(5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 10, “Data Interpretation Issues”
Chapter 15, “Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology”
Appendix A – Guide to the Critical Appraisal of an Epidemiologic/Public Health Research ArticleIn Chapter 10, the authors describe issues related to data interpretation and address the main types of research errors that need to be considered when conducting epidemiologic research, as well as when analyzing published results. It also presents techniques for reducing bias. Chapter 15 features psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology. Appendix A includes criteria to consider when reading an empirical journal article.
Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999). The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community.
The Lancet, 354
(9186), 1248–1252.
Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases
This article describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain. Carefully review this article noting the structure of the research design, assessment and data collection, and analysis strategies. You will refer to this article for Discussion 2.
Oppenheimer, G. M. (2010). Framingham Heart Study: The first 20 years.
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 53
(1), 55–61.
...
Appraising the LiteratureFor the DNP-prepared nurse, it is
Appraising the Literature
For the DNP-prepared nurse, it is important to hone skills related to reviewing and evaluating research literature to implement evidence-based practices. As you examine epidemiological research, in particular, it is essential to ask, “What are the strengths and weakness of the research method(s)? Are the data analysis and interpretation sound? Is there any evidence of bias?” This Discussion provides you and your colleagues valuable practice in critically analyzing research literature.
To prepare:
With this week’s Learning Resources in mind, reflect on the importance of analyzing epidemiological research studies.
Critically appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott, Smith, Penny, Smith and Chambers (1999) articles presented in the Learning Resources using Appendix A in Epidemiology for Public Health Practice as a guide.
Determine the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods and data analysis of each study.
Ask yourself, “Is any bias evident in either study? What did the researchers do to control for potential bias?”
Finally, consider the importance of data interpretation in epidemiologic literature and the issues that may arise if potential confounding factors are not considered.
By tomorrow 04/05/2018 3pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”
Post
a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:
1) Appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott et al. (1999) articles, summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each study (see attached files for those articles).
2) Analyze potential sources of bias in each study and suggest strategies for minimizing bias.
3) Suggest possible confounding variables that may have influenced the results of each study.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 10, “Data Interpretation Issues”
Chapter 15, “Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology”
Appendix A – Guide to the Critical Appraisal of an Epidemiologic/Public Health Research Article
In Chapter 10, the authors describe issues related to data interpretation and address the main types of research errors that need to be considered when conducting epidemiologic research, as well as when analyzing published results. It also presents techniques for reducing bias. Chapter 15 features psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology. Appendix A includes criteria to consider when reading an empirical journal article.
Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999). The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community. The Lancet, 354(9186), 1248–1252.
This article describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain. Carefully review this article noting ...
Lesson 3 Epi emiologyof Readings Predictors for the Daily Value.docx
Lesson 3: Epi emiologyof
Readings Predictors for the Daily Value of Bitcoins
Required
enta Health
Frank, R.G., & Glied, S.A. (2009). Better but not Best: Recent trends in the well-being of
the mentally ill. Health Affairs, 28(3), 637-648.
Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A .. Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S.,
Wittchen, H.U., & Kendler, K.S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of
DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National
Comorbidity Survey. Archives a/General Psychiatry 51,8-19.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings
hl:-rJ.
Pages 9-74 (skim).
WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet
need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World
Mental Health Surveys. Journal a/the American Medical Association, 291(21),
2581-90. -r
1
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;8;(21498,0);(0,0);(0,21496);(11281,21496);(11281,13329);(6219,13329);(6219,10632);(21498,10632)posrelh0posrelv0pib
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Statistics are human faces with
the tears wiped off.
What is epidemiology and why is it important?
115.4 percent of American adults have a serious mental
illness" (Kessler et ol., 1998)
"Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among men 25-34 in
the United States" (Centers for Disease Contro!,2014)
"Serious mental illnesses cost society $193.2 billion in lost
earnings per year" (Kessler et al., 2008)
"Mental and behavioral disorders, such as depression, anxiety,
and drug use, are the primary drivers of disability worldwide
and caused over 40 million years of disability in 20- to 29-
year-olds" (WHO Organization, 2004)
Broadly speaking, epidemiology is the study of health and illness in human populations
(Kleinbaum, Kupper & Morgenstern, 1982). More specifically, epidemiology can fall
into two general areas. Descriptive epidemiological studies examine the incidence and
prevalence of different health-related outcomes.
• Incidence rate: The rate at which new cases occur in a population during a
specific period. For example:
2
o Missouri has the 18'h highest rate of suicide in the nation among youth
10-2-1 year o Ids. In 2013, the rate was 18 higher than the national
average (9.6-1 compared to 8.15 per 100,000 nationally). (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 2013).
• Prevalence rate: The proportion of a case that exists in a population at a point
in time (usually expressed by a percentage). For example:
o "5.4 of all American adults have a serious mental illness" (Kessler
et al., 1998)
Descriptive epidemiology also examines the occurrence of a disease or health outcome
for different populations, such as age, gender, race, culture, economic status, education,
occupation, etc. Descriptive epidemiological questions might inclu ...
resources8Course Text C.docx
*************** resources************************8
Course Text:
Coreil, J. (Ed.). (2010).
Social and behavioral foundations of public health
(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chapter 1, "Why Study Social and Behavioral Factors in Public Health?"
The first chapter in the text describes the importance of studying culture and behavior. It provides a historical perspective of the field of behavioral and social sciences and sets the stage for the course with its overarching framework, the social ecology of health model. This chapter also explores the levels of social influence on health issues.
Chapter 2, "Historical Perspectives on Population and Disease"
This chapter delves deeper into the history of health, from the perspectives of disease and the cultural evolution. It also touches upon the health problems that generally occur at different stages of life.
Chapter 5, "Health and Illness Behavior"
Chapter 5 reviews the levels of prevention covered in the first course in the program (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and lays the groundwork for the course by reviewing the relationship between health and illness behavior.
Chapter 7, "Social Reactions to Disease" (pp. 134–136)
In this section of Chapter 7, you will study the concepts of medicalization and hygienization with respect to disease behavior.
Chapter 8, "Comparative Health Cultures" (pp. 145–154)
The authors introduce the concepts of ethnomedicine as well as the various "sectors" of medicine in this section of Chapter 8. The authors also explore cultural models of illness.
Article:
Healthy People. (2010). Healthy People 2020: The Road Ahead! Retrieved from
http://healthypeople.gov/2020/
You will become familiar with the Healthy People 2020 Campaign during this course. Healthy People 2020 is a national effort designed to solve unequal and unjust health treatment of populations. This website will be used for the In the News assignment as well as many other assignments in the course.
Article:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2009).
Beyond Health Care: New Directions to a Healthier America.
Retrieved from
http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2009/rwjf40483
This article presents several carefully coined recommendations to build healthier society. The recommendations are based on research and statistics on the health status of adults and children.
Optional
Resources
Media
Documentary:
Moore, M. (Director). (2007).
Sicko
[Motion picture]. United States: Dog Eat Dog Films.
You may want to rent
Sicko
. It provides a fascinating and controversial view of the health care system in the United States today. The documentary also compares the American health care system with other nations, illustrating the differences in reactions to disease based on the health care system of other countries.
Readings
Course Text:
Social and Behavioral Foundations of Public Health
Chapter 10, "Reproductive Health"
Chapter 11, "Adolescent Health"
Chapter 12, "Public ...
Descriptive EpidemiologyHIVAIDS was first recognized as a
Descriptive Epidemiology
HIV/AIDS was first recognized as an epidemic in the United States in 1981. At the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, the life expectancy for infected persons was less than 7 years. Today, because of research and new treatment options, people who begin treatment soon after diagnosis can expect to live a nearly normal life span (Cairns, 2010). The HIV/AIDS epidemic was identified through descriptive epidemiology.
Descriptive epidemiologic studies are often conducted as precursors to analytic studies. Epidemiologic concepts are used to gather data to better understand and evaluate health trends in populations. Data such as characteristics of the persons affected, place where an incident occurred, and time of occurrence are collected and analyzed to look for patterns in an effort to identify emerging health problems.
In this Discussion, you will apply the epidemiologic concepts of time, place, and person to a specific population health problem.
To prepare:
Consider a variety of population health problems, and then select one on which to focus for this Discussion.
Identify a specific population affected by your selected health problem.
Research the patterns of the disease in your selected population using the epidemiologic characteristics of person, place, and time.
Explore three to five data sources presented in the Learning Resources that could aid you in describing the population and magnitude of the problem. Analyze the strengths and limitations of each data source.
Consider methods for obtaining raw data to determine the variables of person, place, and time for your health problem. Ask yourself: How would the methods I select influence the accuracy of case identification, definition, and diagnosis?
By tomorrow Wednesday 03/07/18 by 4pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of THREE scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) Evaluate your selected health problem in the population you identified by describing
THREE
to
FIVE
characteristics related to person, place, and time.
2) Appraise the data sources you utilized by outlining the
strengths
and
limitations
of each.
3) Discuss
TWO
methods you could use to collect raw data to determine the descriptive epidemiology of your health problem, determine how these methods would influence the completeness of case identification as well as the case definition/diagnostic criteria used.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 3,
“Measures of Morbidity and Mortality Used in Epidemiology”
Chapter 4
, “Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time”
Chapter 5
, “Sources of Data for Use in Epidemiology”
Chapter 3
examines several measu ...
Factors That Impact Population HealthIn this Discussion, y
Factors That Impact Population Health
In this Discussion, you bring together the concepts that have been presented throughout this course by analyzing a current population health topic from an epidemiological approach. Consider the cultural, ethical, regulatory, and legal factors that may influence your selected topic.
To prepare:
Review the case study, presented on page 411 of your course text,
Population Health: Creating a Culture of Wellness
. Consider the cultural, ethical, and legal factors presented in the case study and how they influence the Michigan Primary Care Transformation Project.
With these thoughts in mind, select a current public health initiative that has been discussed in the popular press or available at the CDC website or your state’s health department website.
Consider this initiative through the lens of an epidemiologist and identify what you think are the three most important issues related to culture, ethics, regulatory, or legal aspects of the public health initiative.
Consider how current health care legislation might impact your selected public health initiative. Conduct additional research as necessary.
By tomorrow 05/09/2018 12 pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) Provide a summary of your selected public health initiative and include a reference to the article
(and URL to the article).
2) Analyze the cultural, ethical, regulatory, and legal factors that influence your specified population health topic.
3) Evaluate how current health care legislation may positively or negatively impact your selected public health initiative.
Required Readings
Nash, D. B., Fabius, R. J., Skoufalos, A., Clarke, J.
L. & Horowitz, M. R. (2016). Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (2nd ed). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 15
, “Risk Management and Law”
This chapter discusses the role of the U.S. legal system to foster the health of populations with emphasis on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
Chapter 16
, “Making the Case for Population Health Management: The Business Value of Better Health”
This chapter explores why good health is good business, the cost of good health and the potential provide to be realized when workforce health is improved.
Chapter 3
,
“Policy Implications for Population Health: Health Promotion and Wellness”
The chapter provides an overview of the intricacies of federal policy making and the key policy components necessary to advance the health of populations.
Chapter 5,
“The Political Landscape in Relation to the Health and Wealth of Nations”
The chapter describes the relationship between national health and population health and ...
Writing Assignment Answer SheetWhen answering these questions,.docx
Writing Assignment Answer Sheet
When answering these questions, please use your own words. Do not copy and paste and do not cite verbatim from the article.
Part 1: Article summary
· Make sure to answer only in the space provided. If you go beyond it only part of your text will be visible and this will be the only part we will grade. DO NOT change he font size to fit more into the allotted space. DO NOT change the size of the text box to increase the allotted space. EACH SUCH ATTEMPT WILL BE CONSIDERED A BREACH OF ETHICAL GUIDELINES AND WILL RESULT IN A GRADE OF 0 (ZERO) IN THE ASSIGNMENT and additional steps as I see fit.
· If the answer is similar across studies, just say so rather than elaborate (for example, X was measured like in Study 1; the source of data was the one in Study 1…)
1. (a) What are the major factual reasons and theoretical arguments for this research? (b) What gap in the literature/knowledge do these researchers attempt to fill? (c) What are the three overall research questions the researchers try to answer?
2. Define the two types of bias discussed and how can they contribute to health disparities?
3. What are the specific research questions the researchers examined in each study?
Study 2:
Study 1:
4. (a) What are the data sources in each study? (b) How many participants were included in the final analyses? (you do not need to discuss the various ways to calculate and weight the various types of data).
Study 1:
Study 2:
5. What were the major variables examined in each study? How were they measured? (you do not need to discuss the Correlates).
Study 1 (4 major variables):
Study 2 (4 major variables):
6. What were the major results in each study? (you do not need to discuss the analyses. Refer only to the major variables and research questions as indicated below).
Study 1:
a. Access to healthcare as related to race AND the different types of bias:
b. Circulatory disease diagnosis as related to race AND the different types of bias:
Study 2:
a. Death rate due to circulatory diseases as related to race AND the different types of bias:
7. What was the research design used in these studies (descriptive, correlational, or experimental?) explain your answer: (a) why do you think this is the particular design? (b) why didn’t you chose the other two designs? (c) can you make causal inferences based on these studies? Why? (make sure to refer to Chapter 2 when answering this question).
In the next page, you will answer Part 2: Critical evaluation and conclusions. Remember it should not be longer than a page. Use 12-point Times New Roman font and 1” margins on all sides. When answering these questions, use the materials you have learned in the course that might be relevant to this type of research topic. See more details about this answer in the separate instructions sheet.
Part 2 – A critical review of the paper
Psychological Science
2016, Vol. 27(10) .
Selecting a Population Health ProblemAs you know, promoting .docx
Selecting a Population Health Problem
As you know, promoting positive social change is a part of the Walden mission. To be an effective agent for social change, nurses must be able to logically and critically analyze population health issues using epidemiologic concepts, and then communicate insights in a succinct and professional manner. This exercise will afford you such an experience.
This week, you will complete Assignment 1 in preparation for Major Assessment 7, in which you will apply epidemiologic principles and develop an intervention for a health problem.
For this Assignment, you will examine a health problem of interest to you, and you will develop a brief paper (2 pages) outlining the significance of the health problem and describing it in terms of person, place, and time. This outline will help your Instructor determine if the topic you selected is appropriate for the Major Assessment paper.
Prepare
for Assignment 1 as follows:
Review the
Major Assessment Overview
(see attached).
Determine a population health problem that is viable for completing this paper. You may use the problem you identified in the
Week 1
,
2
, or
Week 3 Discussion
, or you may select a new one.
Determine the characteristics of the health problem in terms of person, place, and time.
Using the Walden Library and credible websites, conduct additional research on your selected population health problem. Consider the significance of this health problem.
Examine how Healthy People 2020, listed in the Learning Resources, supports the importance of addressing your selected health problem.
Develop a preliminary research question or hypothesis appropriate for your topic.
To complete:
Write a 2-page paper that addresses the following:
1) Introduction (must end with a purpose statement, e.g. “the purpose of this paper is …)
2) Describe the population health problem in terms of person, place, and time.
3) From the primary research literature and
Healthy People 2020
, briefly explain the significance of this health problem.
4) Include your preliminary research question or hypothesis. (PICOT format for the research question).
5) A conclusion
By Day 7 (tomorrow Sunday 03/18/2018 at 4 pm latest
Submit
your a 2-page paper in order to receive feedback on your topic
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control”
Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”
Chapter 6 presents an overview of analytic study designs used in epidemiology, differentiating between experimental studies (which will be addressed next week) and observational studies (the focus of this week). In the chapter, the authors address three varieties of observational studies—ecological, cross-sectional, and case control. Chapter 7 addresses cohort studie ...
Recommended
For the DNP-prepared nurse, it is important to hone skills relat
For the DNP-prepared nurse, it is important to hone skills related to reviewing and evaluating research literature to implement evidence-based practices. As you examine epidemiological research, in particular, it is essential to ask, “What are the strengths and weakness of the research method(s)? Are the data analysis and interpretation sound? Is there any evidence of bias?” This Discussion provides you and your colleagues valuable practice in critically analyzing research literature.
To prepare:
With this week’s Learning Resources in mind, reflect on the importance of analyzing epidemiological research studies.
Critically appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott, Smith, Penny, Smith and Chambers (1999) articles presented in the Learning Resources using Appendix A in Epidemiology for Public Health Practice as a guide.
Determine the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods and data analysis of each study.
Ask yourself, “Is any bias evident in either study? What did the researchers do to control for potential bias?”
Finally, consider the importance of data interpretation in epidemiologic literature and the issues that may arise if potential confounding factors are not considered.
Post
a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:
Appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott et al. (1999) articles, summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each study.
Analyze potential sources of bias in each study, and suggest strategies for minimizing bias.
Suggest possible confounding variables that may have influenced the results of each study.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014).
Epidemiology for public health practice
(5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 10, “Data Interpretation Issues”
Chapter 15, “Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology”
Appendix A – Guide to the Critical Appraisal of an Epidemiologic/Public Health Research ArticleIn Chapter 10, the authors describe issues related to data interpretation and address the main types of research errors that need to be considered when conducting epidemiologic research, as well as when analyzing published results. It also presents techniques for reducing bias. Chapter 15 features psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology. Appendix A includes criteria to consider when reading an empirical journal article.
Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999). The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community.
The Lancet, 354
(9186), 1248–1252.
Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases
This article describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain. Carefully review this article noting the structure of the research design, assessment and data collection, and analysis strategies. You will refer to this article for Discussion 2.
Oppenheimer, G. M. (2010). Framingham Heart Study: The first 20 years.
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 53
(1), 55–61.
...
Appraising the LiteratureFor the DNP-prepared nurse, it is
Appraising the Literature
For the DNP-prepared nurse, it is important to hone skills related to reviewing and evaluating research literature to implement evidence-based practices. As you examine epidemiological research, in particular, it is essential to ask, “What are the strengths and weakness of the research method(s)? Are the data analysis and interpretation sound? Is there any evidence of bias?” This Discussion provides you and your colleagues valuable practice in critically analyzing research literature.
To prepare:
With this week’s Learning Resources in mind, reflect on the importance of analyzing epidemiological research studies.
Critically appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott, Smith, Penny, Smith and Chambers (1999) articles presented in the Learning Resources using Appendix A in Epidemiology for Public Health Practice as a guide.
Determine the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods and data analysis of each study.
Ask yourself, “Is any bias evident in either study? What did the researchers do to control for potential bias?”
Finally, consider the importance of data interpretation in epidemiologic literature and the issues that may arise if potential confounding factors are not considered.
By tomorrow 04/05/2018 3pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”
Post
a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:
1) Appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott et al. (1999) articles, summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each study (see attached files for those articles).
2) Analyze potential sources of bias in each study and suggest strategies for minimizing bias.
3) Suggest possible confounding variables that may have influenced the results of each study.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 10, “Data Interpretation Issues”
Chapter 15, “Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology”
Appendix A – Guide to the Critical Appraisal of an Epidemiologic/Public Health Research Article
In Chapter 10, the authors describe issues related to data interpretation and address the main types of research errors that need to be considered when conducting epidemiologic research, as well as when analyzing published results. It also presents techniques for reducing bias. Chapter 15 features psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology. Appendix A includes criteria to consider when reading an empirical journal article.
Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999). The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community. The Lancet, 354(9186), 1248–1252.
This article describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain. Carefully review this article noting ...
Lesson 3 Epi emiologyof Readings Predictors for the Daily Value.docx
Lesson 3: Epi emiologyof
Readings Predictors for the Daily Value of Bitcoins
Required
enta Health
Frank, R.G., & Glied, S.A. (2009). Better but not Best: Recent trends in the well-being of
the mentally ill. Health Affairs, 28(3), 637-648.
Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A .. Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S.,
Wittchen, H.U., & Kendler, K.S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of
DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National
Comorbidity Survey. Archives a/General Psychiatry 51,8-19.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings
hl:-rJ.
Pages 9-74 (skim).
WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet
need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World
Mental Health Surveys. Journal a/the American Medical Association, 291(21),
2581-90. -r
1
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;8;(21498,0);(0,0);(0,21496);(11281,21496);(11281,13329);(6219,13329);(6219,10632);(21498,10632)posrelh0posrelv0pib
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;6;(21500,0);(13467,0);(13467,7682);(0,7682);(0,21500);(21500,21500)posrelh0posrelv0pib
Statistics are human faces with
the tears wiped off.
What is epidemiology and why is it important?
115.4 percent of American adults have a serious mental
illness" (Kessler et ol., 1998)
"Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among men 25-34 in
the United States" (Centers for Disease Contro!,2014)
"Serious mental illnesses cost society $193.2 billion in lost
earnings per year" (Kessler et al., 2008)
"Mental and behavioral disorders, such as depression, anxiety,
and drug use, are the primary drivers of disability worldwide
and caused over 40 million years of disability in 20- to 29-
year-olds" (WHO Organization, 2004)
Broadly speaking, epidemiology is the study of health and illness in human populations
(Kleinbaum, Kupper & Morgenstern, 1982). More specifically, epidemiology can fall
into two general areas. Descriptive epidemiological studies examine the incidence and
prevalence of different health-related outcomes.
• Incidence rate: The rate at which new cases occur in a population during a
specific period. For example:
2
o Missouri has the 18'h highest rate of suicide in the nation among youth
10-2-1 year o Ids. In 2013, the rate was 18 higher than the national
average (9.6-1 compared to 8.15 per 100,000 nationally). (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 2013).
• Prevalence rate: The proportion of a case that exists in a population at a point
in time (usually expressed by a percentage). For example:
o "5.4 of all American adults have a serious mental illness" (Kessler
et al., 1998)
Descriptive epidemiology also examines the occurrence of a disease or health outcome
for different populations, such as age, gender, race, culture, economic status, education,
occupation, etc. Descriptive epidemiological questions might inclu ...
resources8Course Text C.docx
*************** resources************************8
Course Text:
Coreil, J. (Ed.). (2010).
Social and behavioral foundations of public health
(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chapter 1, "Why Study Social and Behavioral Factors in Public Health?"
The first chapter in the text describes the importance of studying culture and behavior. It provides a historical perspective of the field of behavioral and social sciences and sets the stage for the course with its overarching framework, the social ecology of health model. This chapter also explores the levels of social influence on health issues.
Chapter 2, "Historical Perspectives on Population and Disease"
This chapter delves deeper into the history of health, from the perspectives of disease and the cultural evolution. It also touches upon the health problems that generally occur at different stages of life.
Chapter 5, "Health and Illness Behavior"
Chapter 5 reviews the levels of prevention covered in the first course in the program (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and lays the groundwork for the course by reviewing the relationship between health and illness behavior.
Chapter 7, "Social Reactions to Disease" (pp. 134–136)
In this section of Chapter 7, you will study the concepts of medicalization and hygienization with respect to disease behavior.
Chapter 8, "Comparative Health Cultures" (pp. 145–154)
The authors introduce the concepts of ethnomedicine as well as the various "sectors" of medicine in this section of Chapter 8. The authors also explore cultural models of illness.
Article:
Healthy People. (2010). Healthy People 2020: The Road Ahead! Retrieved from
http://healthypeople.gov/2020/
You will become familiar with the Healthy People 2020 Campaign during this course. Healthy People 2020 is a national effort designed to solve unequal and unjust health treatment of populations. This website will be used for the In the News assignment as well as many other assignments in the course.
Article:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2009).
Beyond Health Care: New Directions to a Healthier America.
Retrieved from
http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2009/rwjf40483
This article presents several carefully coined recommendations to build healthier society. The recommendations are based on research and statistics on the health status of adults and children.
Optional
Resources
Media
Documentary:
Moore, M. (Director). (2007).
Sicko
[Motion picture]. United States: Dog Eat Dog Films.
You may want to rent
Sicko
. It provides a fascinating and controversial view of the health care system in the United States today. The documentary also compares the American health care system with other nations, illustrating the differences in reactions to disease based on the health care system of other countries.
Readings
Course Text:
Social and Behavioral Foundations of Public Health
Chapter 10, "Reproductive Health"
Chapter 11, "Adolescent Health"
Chapter 12, "Public ...
Descriptive EpidemiologyHIVAIDS was first recognized as a
Descriptive Epidemiology
HIV/AIDS was first recognized as an epidemic in the United States in 1981. At the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, the life expectancy for infected persons was less than 7 years. Today, because of research and new treatment options, people who begin treatment soon after diagnosis can expect to live a nearly normal life span (Cairns, 2010). The HIV/AIDS epidemic was identified through descriptive epidemiology.
Descriptive epidemiologic studies are often conducted as precursors to analytic studies. Epidemiologic concepts are used to gather data to better understand and evaluate health trends in populations. Data such as characteristics of the persons affected, place where an incident occurred, and time of occurrence are collected and analyzed to look for patterns in an effort to identify emerging health problems.
In this Discussion, you will apply the epidemiologic concepts of time, place, and person to a specific population health problem.
To prepare:
Consider a variety of population health problems, and then select one on which to focus for this Discussion.
Identify a specific population affected by your selected health problem.
Research the patterns of the disease in your selected population using the epidemiologic characteristics of person, place, and time.
Explore three to five data sources presented in the Learning Resources that could aid you in describing the population and magnitude of the problem. Analyze the strengths and limitations of each data source.
Consider methods for obtaining raw data to determine the variables of person, place, and time for your health problem. Ask yourself: How would the methods I select influence the accuracy of case identification, definition, and diagnosis?
By tomorrow Wednesday 03/07/18 by 4pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of THREE scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) Evaluate your selected health problem in the population you identified by describing
THREE
to
FIVE
characteristics related to person, place, and time.
2) Appraise the data sources you utilized by outlining the
strengths
and
limitations
of each.
3) Discuss
TWO
methods you could use to collect raw data to determine the descriptive epidemiology of your health problem, determine how these methods would influence the completeness of case identification as well as the case definition/diagnostic criteria used.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 3,
“Measures of Morbidity and Mortality Used in Epidemiology”
Chapter 4
, “Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time”
Chapter 5
, “Sources of Data for Use in Epidemiology”
Chapter 3
examines several measu ...
Factors That Impact Population HealthIn this Discussion, y
Factors That Impact Population Health
In this Discussion, you bring together the concepts that have been presented throughout this course by analyzing a current population health topic from an epidemiological approach. Consider the cultural, ethical, regulatory, and legal factors that may influence your selected topic.
To prepare:
Review the case study, presented on page 411 of your course text,
Population Health: Creating a Culture of Wellness
. Consider the cultural, ethical, and legal factors presented in the case study and how they influence the Michigan Primary Care Transformation Project.
With these thoughts in mind, select a current public health initiative that has been discussed in the popular press or available at the CDC website or your state’s health department website.
Consider this initiative through the lens of an epidemiologist and identify what you think are the three most important issues related to culture, ethics, regulatory, or legal aspects of the public health initiative.
Consider how current health care legislation might impact your selected public health initiative. Conduct additional research as necessary.
By tomorrow 05/09/2018 12 pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) Provide a summary of your selected public health initiative and include a reference to the article
(and URL to the article).
2) Analyze the cultural, ethical, regulatory, and legal factors that influence your specified population health topic.
3) Evaluate how current health care legislation may positively or negatively impact your selected public health initiative.
Required Readings
Nash, D. B., Fabius, R. J., Skoufalos, A., Clarke, J.
L. & Horowitz, M. R. (2016). Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (2nd ed). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 15
, “Risk Management and Law”
This chapter discusses the role of the U.S. legal system to foster the health of populations with emphasis on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
Chapter 16
, “Making the Case for Population Health Management: The Business Value of Better Health”
This chapter explores why good health is good business, the cost of good health and the potential provide to be realized when workforce health is improved.
Chapter 3
,
“Policy Implications for Population Health: Health Promotion and Wellness”
The chapter provides an overview of the intricacies of federal policy making and the key policy components necessary to advance the health of populations.
Chapter 5,
“The Political Landscape in Relation to the Health and Wealth of Nations”
The chapter describes the relationship between national health and population health and ...
Writing Assignment Answer SheetWhen answering these questions,.docx
Writing Assignment Answer Sheet
When answering these questions, please use your own words. Do not copy and paste and do not cite verbatim from the article.
Part 1: Article summary
· Make sure to answer only in the space provided. If you go beyond it only part of your text will be visible and this will be the only part we will grade. DO NOT change he font size to fit more into the allotted space. DO NOT change the size of the text box to increase the allotted space. EACH SUCH ATTEMPT WILL BE CONSIDERED A BREACH OF ETHICAL GUIDELINES AND WILL RESULT IN A GRADE OF 0 (ZERO) IN THE ASSIGNMENT and additional steps as I see fit.
· If the answer is similar across studies, just say so rather than elaborate (for example, X was measured like in Study 1; the source of data was the one in Study 1…)
1. (a) What are the major factual reasons and theoretical arguments for this research? (b) What gap in the literature/knowledge do these researchers attempt to fill? (c) What are the three overall research questions the researchers try to answer?
2. Define the two types of bias discussed and how can they contribute to health disparities?
3. What are the specific research questions the researchers examined in each study?
Study 2:
Study 1:
4. (a) What are the data sources in each study? (b) How many participants were included in the final analyses? (you do not need to discuss the various ways to calculate and weight the various types of data).
Study 1:
Study 2:
5. What were the major variables examined in each study? How were they measured? (you do not need to discuss the Correlates).
Study 1 (4 major variables):
Study 2 (4 major variables):
6. What were the major results in each study? (you do not need to discuss the analyses. Refer only to the major variables and research questions as indicated below).
Study 1:
a. Access to healthcare as related to race AND the different types of bias:
b. Circulatory disease diagnosis as related to race AND the different types of bias:
Study 2:
a. Death rate due to circulatory diseases as related to race AND the different types of bias:
7. What was the research design used in these studies (descriptive, correlational, or experimental?) explain your answer: (a) why do you think this is the particular design? (b) why didn’t you chose the other two designs? (c) can you make causal inferences based on these studies? Why? (make sure to refer to Chapter 2 when answering this question).
In the next page, you will answer Part 2: Critical evaluation and conclusions. Remember it should not be longer than a page. Use 12-point Times New Roman font and 1” margins on all sides. When answering these questions, use the materials you have learned in the course that might be relevant to this type of research topic. See more details about this answer in the separate instructions sheet.
Part 2 – A critical review of the paper
Psychological Science
2016, Vol. 27(10) .
Selecting a Population Health ProblemAs you know, promoting .docx
Selecting a Population Health Problem
As you know, promoting positive social change is a part of the Walden mission. To be an effective agent for social change, nurses must be able to logically and critically analyze population health issues using epidemiologic concepts, and then communicate insights in a succinct and professional manner. This exercise will afford you such an experience.
This week, you will complete Assignment 1 in preparation for Major Assessment 7, in which you will apply epidemiologic principles and develop an intervention for a health problem.
For this Assignment, you will examine a health problem of interest to you, and you will develop a brief paper (2 pages) outlining the significance of the health problem and describing it in terms of person, place, and time. This outline will help your Instructor determine if the topic you selected is appropriate for the Major Assessment paper.
Prepare
for Assignment 1 as follows:
Review the
Major Assessment Overview
(see attached).
Determine a population health problem that is viable for completing this paper. You may use the problem you identified in the
Week 1
,
2
, or
Week 3 Discussion
, or you may select a new one.
Determine the characteristics of the health problem in terms of person, place, and time.
Using the Walden Library and credible websites, conduct additional research on your selected population health problem. Consider the significance of this health problem.
Examine how Healthy People 2020, listed in the Learning Resources, supports the importance of addressing your selected health problem.
Develop a preliminary research question or hypothesis appropriate for your topic.
To complete:
Write a 2-page paper that addresses the following:
1) Introduction (must end with a purpose statement, e.g. “the purpose of this paper is …)
2) Describe the population health problem in terms of person, place, and time.
3) From the primary research literature and
Healthy People 2020
, briefly explain the significance of this health problem.
4) Include your preliminary research question or hypothesis. (PICOT format for the research question).
5) A conclusion
By Day 7 (tomorrow Sunday 03/18/2018 at 4 pm latest
Submit
your a 2-page paper in order to receive feedback on your topic
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control”
Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”
Chapter 6 presents an overview of analytic study designs used in epidemiology, differentiating between experimental studies (which will be addressed next week) and observational studies (the focus of this week). In the chapter, the authors address three varieties of observational studies—ecological, cross-sectional, and case control. Chapter 7 addresses cohort studie ...
Running Head ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
Running Head: ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 2
Week #6 Assignment 1: The Details of Your EBP Project.
EBP Project Proposal Draft
Research topic
To assess the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking.
Research problem
Most studies have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. Stigmatization have resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Most studies have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth.
Research purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to assess in depth the role that mental-health stigma contribute in help seeking.
Research objectives
a) To review the background history of mental-health related stigma and mental problem or illness
b) To explore the impacts of stigma
c) To assess an association between the contributing factors of stigma to help seeking
d) To assess the extent in which these factors of stigma contribute to help seeking.
e) To assess the risk factors influencing help seeking with regard to stigma
Research questions
a) What is the association between stigma towards mental health patients and help-seeking?
b) To what degree does stigma constitute a barrier to the search for help among mental health patients?
c) Are there populations that are more deterred from seeking help due to stigma?
Research Hypothesis
Ho: stigma towards mental health patients have a significant role in influencing help seeking
Ha: the extent to which stigma influences help seeking is not significant
Theoretical framework
Stigma has been described as a negative effect of a label and the product of disgrace that makes a person to be apart from others (Henderson et al., 2013). It is built upon distinct constructs prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes (Henderson et al., 2013). For example, believing that those people diagnosed with mental illness is stereotype. Also, agreeing with the fact that those with mental problem are indeed dangerous with a resultant fear or anger is prejudice while discrimination is the total avoidance to those with mental conditi.
Running Head ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
Running Head: ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 2
Week #6 Assignment 1: The Details of Your EBP Project.
EBP Project Proposal Draft
Research topic
To assess the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking.
Research problem
Most studies have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. Stigmatization have resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Most studies have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth.
Research purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to assess in depth the role that mental-health stigma contribute in help seeking.
Research objectives
a) To review the background history of mental-health related stigma and mental problem or illness
b) To explore the impacts of stigma
c) To assess an association between the contributing factors of stigma to help seeking
d) To assess the extent in which these factors of stigma contribute to help seeking.
e) To assess the risk factors influencing help seeking with regard to stigma
Research questions
a) What is the association between stigma towards mental health patients and help-seeking?
b) To what degree does stigma constitute a barrier to the search for help among mental health patients?
c) Are there populations that are more deterred from seeking help due to stigma?
Research Hypothesis
Ho: stigma towards mental health patients have a significant role in influencing help seeking
Ha: the extent to which stigma influences help seeking is not significant
Theoretical framework
Stigma has been described as a negative effect of a label and the product of disgrace that makes a person to be apart from others (Henderson et al., 2013). It is built upon distinct constructs prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes (Henderson et al., 2013). For example, believing that those people diagnosed with mental illness is stereotype. Also, agreeing with the fact that those with mental problem are indeed dangerous with a resultant fear or anger is prejudice while discrimination is the total avoidance to those with mental conditi ...
Epidemiologists spend much of their time analyzing data and eval.docx
Epidemiologists spend much of their time analyzing data and evaluating the validity of the sources of their data. Measure of occurrence refers to the quantifying (count, ratio, proportion, rate, prevalence, and incidence) of events (Friis & Sellers, 2021). Data sources are critical elements that provide foundation and grounding for research. It is important to attain and evaluate the validity of data sources. Data sources require analysis and interpretation.
In this Assignment, you are presented with a scenario in the “To prepare for this Assignment” section, where you are asked to search and interpret the meaning of the data. You will also determine the probable source and validity of the data. You will search in the Walden Library for scholarly articles and identify data using the sources of data provided to you in the Learning Resources to complete this Assignment.
Reference:
Friis, R.H., & Sellers, T.A. (2021)
. Epidemiology for public health practice
(6th ed). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
To prepare
for this Assignment:
Refer to the health issue you selected in Week 1.
Perform a search in the Walden Library, and identify
at least two
recent scholarly articles (no older than 3 years of publication) related to the health issue you have chosen.
Perform a search of sources of data provided to you in the Learning Resources to identify data relevant to the health issue you have chosen.
Review the following scenario:
Imagine that you work for a state health department monitoring trends in the occurrence of various reportable infectious diseases, as well as major chronic diseases. As you compare this year's trends with last year's, you notice an increase in the occurrence of the disease that you chose.
Keep in mind, that some factors may cause an increase in incidence but, not necessarily, represent a true increase nor an epidemic.
With this scenario in mind, write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
Identify ebola the health issue you have selected.
Identify and describe
at least two factors
that might lead to an increase of new cases (incidence) of your health issue but not represent an outbreak or epidemic. Explain your thinking.
Example factors include screenings, testing, changes in diagnostic criteria, policies, laws, campaigns, etc.
Identify and describe the descriptive epidemiologic factors (person/place/time) you would use to evaluate populations at risk (i.e., what factors are relevant for your health issue within the categories of person, place, and time). Using the scholarly resources that you identified, support and explain your thinking.
Identify and explain who is more at-risk for the health issue based on the epidemiologic factors. Provide data and statistical evidence from the sources you identified to support your response. Explain your thinking.
Note
: Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week's Learning Resources and additional scholarly so.
SOC 2600 The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing FIRST DRAFT OF.docx
SOC 2600: The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing
FIRST DRAFT OF COURSE PAPER
For your first draft of your SOC 2600 course paper, please include:
Your thesis statement
(Can be part of the Introduction [see below])
Usually a single sentence at/near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.
•
Introduction
What your topic is, why it is important, and how you plan to proceed with your discussion. Your introduction should contain a thesis statement (see above) that will assert your main argument. It should also, ideally, give the reader a sense of the kinds of information you will use to make that argument and the general organization of the paragraphs and pages that will follow.
•
Preliminary literature review
O A summary of the sources; usually with an organizational pattern that combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a reorganization, or a reshuffling, of that information. What theory or theories you are using to back up your literature review
Statements of how and why particular facts about the social world are related
•
Preliminary discussion/conclusion
The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view ofthe subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.
•
References page/bibliography
oYour sources regarding literature, theories, etc
Running Head: MEDICAL ERRORS
MEDICAL ERRORS 2
SOC 2600 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Medical Errors
COMMENTS FROM PROFESSOR ABOUT MY PROPOSAL: I have no concerns about you finding enough material. Just remember to make it as sociological as possible (how do medical errors affect us as a population; and how do we affect medical errors?).
Medical Errors
Background and Significance
Medical errors are currently the third leading cause of deaths in the United States, with over 250,000 deaths annually. According to the CDC records, medical errors rank behind cancer and heart disease, where each claims over 600,000 deaths annually. Respiratory diseases come in forth, causing about 150,000 deaths annually. The high death rates caused by medical errors confirm an argument that healthcare in the country is not as safe as it is supposed to be. Medical errors result when planned actions fail to deliver the expected outcomes, or when a wrong plan is implemented to achieve particular objective. Improper transfusions, unfavorable drug effects, wrong-site surgeries, surgical errors, burns, mistaken patient identities, suicides, and restraint-related injuries, are among many problems that may occur in healt.
1 Literature Review Assignment STUDENT
1
Literature Review Assignment
STUDENT NAME
Class
Date
2
Part A: Annotated Bibliography
Article 1: Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health
Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., Young, M.-E. D., Beyeler, N., & Quesada, J.
(2015). Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health. Annual Review of Public
Health, 36(1), 375–392. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419
Abstract
Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in
public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been
applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in
societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures,
policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related
phenomena—social determinants of health and immigration—has resulted in missed
opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss
primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant
populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as
both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future
research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the
populations affected by this global phenomenon.
Annotated Bibliography
The article reports on the importance of identifying social determinants and the effects of
socially determined structures among immigrant populations in the United States. The study
identifies ways in which immigrants health outcomes are based on biases due to using
3
information based on group behaviors instead of on an induvial case. The impact of migrant and
immigrant individuals, physical and mental health in these communities’ changes as social,
economic, and political policies take place. This article is helpful in that broadens the
immigration experience including more central factors than just language, income, or education
as the cause of all health related problems in this community. But to show factors of power
structures and the ability to put in place effective health interventions that respond to direct
causes of poor or declining health in these populations.
Article 2: Fear by Association: Perceptions of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes
Vargas, Edward & Sanchez, Gabriel & Juárez, Melina. (2017). Fear by Association: Perceptions
of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and
Law. 42. 3802940. 10.1215/03616878-3802940.
Abstract
The United States is experiencing a renewed period of immigration and immigrant policy
activity as well as heightened enforcement of such policies. This intensified activity can affect
various aspects of im ...
Observational Study DesignsA clinical pediatric nurse has .docx
Observational Study Designs
A clinical pediatric nurse has noticed a rise in childhood cancer diagnoses among the Hispanic population served by the local clinic. The nurse is concerned about this increase in cancer incidence in the patient population and turns to the literature to explore current research on this topic. The nurse finds through the reading that there appears to be an association between parental smoking and childhood cancer and wonders if this could be the cause of the rise in cases.
This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood cancer) can be evaluated using an observational study design. This week, you were introduced to observational study designs used in epidemiology. For this Discussion, you will identify an epidemiologic association of interest (e.g., smoking and lung cancer, obesity and heart disease, hormone replacement/modification therapy and breast cancer) and determine an appropriate observational study design for exploring that association.
To prepare:
Review the different types of observational study designs presented in the Learning Resources: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort.
Carefully examine the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each design.
Consider an association between a risk factor and a particular health outcome that is of interest to you. Then, select the observational study design you think would be the most appropriate for exploring this association.
Consider how using observational study designs can lead to improvements in population health.
By tomorrow 03/14/2018 12 noon, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) Identify the association between the risk factor and health outcome you selected and suggest which observational study design you feel is most appropriate for examining that association.
2) Support your selection of the observational design, noting its strengths and limitations for addressing the health problem.
3) What might you be able to learn by using your selected study design that might lead to improvements in population health? Support your response with evidence from the literature.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control”
Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”
Chapter 6 presents an overview of analytic study designs used in epidemiology, differentiating between experimental studies (which will be addressed next week) and observational studies (the focus of this week). In the chapter, the authors address three varieties of observational studies—ecological, cross-sectional, a ...
Epidemiologic DesignsAs introduced in the first few weeks
Epidemiologic Designs
As introduced in the first few weeks of this course, investigators use various epidemiological study designs to study health problems and the effects of health interventions. You have examined several study designs, including descriptive designs (in Week 2) and analytic study designs that are observational (in Week 3) or experimental (this week). As a DNP student, you should be able to determine which study design would be most suitable for addressing a health problem of interest to you, as this is a foundation for evidence-based practice.
For this Discussion, you will consider which epidemiologic study design (i.e., descriptive, ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, or experimental) is most appropriate for investigating the population health problem you selected for Assignment 1. In addition, you will consider which epidemiologic data sources you would use to examine your health problem.
To prepare:
Reflect on the population health problem you identified in Assignment 1, which you will use for Major Assessment 7, and your early review of the literature.
Identify a question for your study; this will help you select an appropriate design.
Consider which epidemiologic study design (i.e., descriptive, ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, or experimental) is most appropriate for addressing your selected health problem based upon the assumptions and basic tenets of each design.
Determine which epidemiological design(s) would not be appropriate for your study and why.
Also, explore the various health data resources that were presented in Chapter 5 of the course text,
Epidemiology for Public Health Practice
. Consider which data resources you could use for your study, assessing the strengths and limitations of those resources.
By tomorrow 03/21//2018, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”
Post
a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:
1) Briefly summarize the population health problem you selected for Major Assessment 7, and state the study question you want to answer.
2) Explain which epidemiologic study design is most appropriate for your study, as well as the assumptions and tenets that support its application.
3) Analyze the strengths and the limitations of the potential data sources you might use for your study.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 8, “Experimental Study Designs”
This chapter examines experimental and quasi-experimental study designs.
Johnson, T. S. (2010). A brief review of pharmacotherapeutic treatment options in smoking cessation: Bupropion versus varenicline. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 22(10), 557–563.
The ...
1Running Head Health Policy, Politics and Perspectives2He.docx
1
Running Head: Health Policy, Politics and Perspectives
2
Health Policy, Politics and Perspectives
Week #8: Discussion 1
A Connected Patient Is A Healthier Patient.
The main reason for choosing this particular topic is that when an interconnection is created between the patient and the doctor then the patient gets a step closer to getting cured. This is because the digital platforms that have been set up have made it possible for the patients even to get prescriptions while at home. The patient is able even to get methods on how they can lead a healthy life and even get to know better methods of how they can avoid chances of attaining risks (Williams, Samarth, 2011). The online platforms also remove the burden of patients moving from their areas at work just to go and have access to lab results but due to the digital platforms been set up the lab results are posted on the patient’s portal where only the patient can be able to access them.
When the digital health resources are made available to all users it creates perfect coordination between the doctor and the patient. This, therefore, enhances better treatment of the patients since their records are kept up to date hence there is no risk of data loss. Past when the patient had to carry cumbersome files back to their homes and would be forced to come back with them and every time they were needed to go back for examinations (Rosenbloom, 2011). Sometimes the patient could lose the files, and this would lead to the patient’s progress being forced to be reversed since the doctors are not able to track earlier treatments
The digital resources will be of help in the eradication of diseases in the world. This is because digital resources have helped by providing recent and powerful techniques that help combat deadliest diseases. These diseases are so critical that human beings cannot handle them on their own. Due to this control measures robots have been set up to help in combating these diseases. The researchers who are put in place to look for methods to cure these diseases have been equipped with high technology research facilities that they use to find out the cure for diseases
The digital resources have also enabled patients who suffer from a similar disease to get together. This has made possible by the existence of medical social platforms that make it possible for them to interact with each other. The social groups provide much help to the patients of which they usually give each other moral support and guidance. These social groups help the newly admitted patients get to know that they are not alone in the situation they are and hence should not find a reason to give up. The digital social platforms are also equipped with doctors specialized in their kind of ailing. These doctors are available in the groups and are there to provide any professional assistance that the patients cannot handle. They also provide tips on how to live well and to avoid risks ...
From diagnosis to social diagnosisAuthor Phil Brown Mercedes Lys.docx
From diagnosis to social diagnosis
Author Phil Brown Mercedes Lyson, Tania Jenkins
Abstract
In the past two decades, research on the sociology of diagnosis has attained considerable influence within medical sociology. Analyzing the process and factors that contribute to making a diagnosis amidst uncertainty and contestation, as well as the diagnostic encounter itself, are topics rich for sociological investigation. This paper provides a reformulation of the sociology of diagnosis by proposing the concept of ‘social diagnosis’ which helps us recognize the interplay between larger social structures and individual or community illness manifestations. By outlining a conceptual frame, exploring how social scientists, medical professionals and laypeople contribute to social diagnosis, and providing a case study of how the North American Mohawk Akwesasne reservation dealt with rising obesity prevalence to further illustrate the social diagnosis idea, we embark on developing a cohesive and updated framework for a sociology of diagnosis. This approach is useful not just for sociological research, but has direct implications for the fields of medicine and public health. Approaching diagnosis from this integrated perspective potentially provides a broader context for practitioners and researchers to understand extra-medical factors, which in turn has consequences for patient care and health outcomes.
Highlights
► “Social diagnosis” recognizes interplay between social structures and illness manifestations. ► Case study shows how Mohawk Akwesasne dealt with rising obesity. ► Provides broad context for practitioners and researchers to understand extra-medical factors.
· Previous article in issue
· Next article in issue
Keywords
Diagnosis
Risk
Social movements
Environment
Public health
USA
Canada
Reservations
Introduction
Sociological analysis of diagnosis has achieved considerable influence in the last two decades, providing important insight into how we understand health, disease, and illness. It has also expanded how we view the social and cultural influences that shape our knowledge and practice on health and illness. This includes studies of diagnosis that have gone beyond the interaction between physician and patient, to take into account the larger social, structural, and temporal forces that shape diagnosis (see, for example, the categorization of homosexuality as a mental disorder and the role of gay rights activists in the American Psychiatric Association’s deliberations) (Cooksey & Brown, 1998).
Recently we have also seen the emergence of diseases whose etiologies, symptoms, and, therefore, diagnoses, are often contested or uncertain. This combination of medical and social uncertainty leads us to propose a reformulation of the concept social diagnosis as a new way of thinking about the sociology of diagnosis. This paper explores social diagnosis by first, outlining a conceptual framework of social diagnosis; second, discussing the different acto ...
Psy 361 Enhance teaching-snaptutorial.com
For more classes visit
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PSY 361 Week 5 Final Paper Transtheoretical and Health Belief Models in Chronic Illness
Focus of the Final Paper
The course of illness can be influenced by biological, psychological, and/or social factors covering a broad range of topics that include stress, coping, and behaviors that either promote health and prevent illness, or contribute to the development of
Evolution of the biopsychosocial model: prospects and challenges for health p...
Suls, J., & Rothman, A. (2004). Evolution of the biopsychosocial model: prospects and challenges for health psychology. Health Psychology, 23(2),119-125. *
NURS 8310 Epidemiology and Population HealthMajor Assessment Ov.docx
NURS 8310: Epidemiology and Population Health
Major Assessment Overview
Major Assessment 7: Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health Issue
Write a 12- to 15-page paper that addresses the following:
Section 1: The Problem (developed as Assignment 2; submitted at the end of Week 6)
· A brief outline of the environment you selected (i.e., home, workplace, school)
· A summary of your selected population health problem in terms of person, place, and time, and the magnitude of the problem based on data from appropriate data resources (Reference the data resources you used.)
· Research question/hypothesis
Section 2: Research Methods (developed as Assignment 2; submitted at the end of Week 6)
· The epidemiologic study design you would use to assess and address your population health problem.
· Assessment strategies (i.e., if you were conducting a case-control study, how would you select your cases and controls? Regarding the methods and tools you would use to make these selections, how is it convenient for you as the researcher or as the investigator to use this tool?)
· Summary of the data collection activities (i.e., how you would collect data—online survey, paper/pen, mailing, etc.)
Section 3: The Intervention (developed as Assignment 3; submitted at the end of Week 8)
· An outline of an intervention you would implement to address the population health problem with your selected population based on the results of the study in Section 2. Note: If you selected a descriptive study design, you are still required to outline an intervention that might be developed based on future research on.
· A review of the literature that supports this intervention
Section 4: The Impact (developed as Assignment 3; submitted at the end of Week 8)
· An explanation of the health outcome you would be seeking and the social impact of solving this issue
Section 5: Evaluation (developed as Assignment 4; submitted at the end of Week 9)
· An evaluation plan based upon the health outcome that you have chosen and your anticipated results
The Final Paper (with feedback incorporated) is due by Day 3 of Week 11. This serves as your Major Assessment for this course.
Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from appropriate Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
© 2012 Laureate Education Inc.
1
1
Population Health: Healthcare-Associated Infections
Anne Marie WouapetName
Walden UniversitySchool
NURS 8310 Section 03, Epidemiology and Population HealthClass
March 18, 2018Date
Well done
5/5
Healthcare-Associated Infections
Healthcare-Associated infections (HAI) are infections acquired by patients in the course of receiving medical or surgical care. In modern healthcare, there .
Commentary _social_epidemiology__questionable answers and answerable questions
commentary free acces publishedin the journal of epidemiology
Marketing Communication ProcessCommunicating is an important marke.docx
Marketing Communication Process
Communicating is an important marketing process of conveying our message to our customers and prospects. We use certain media based upon their ability to meet communication goals and objectives.
Describe a recent promotion experience. (As seen on television, mail, radio, Internet, sales person, outdoor/ signage, prints, etc.)
Identify each of the Communication Process elements to that promotion. Provide evidence by example.
Discuss whether the given promotion was effective and how it would be better served in another promotion medium. Present your rationale in marketing terms/ concepts.
Read other student posts and identify elements they may have missed and/ or those that were done well that made that promotion particularly effective.
Be sure to provide supporting evidence for your statements.
Write your initial response in a minimum of 200–300 words. Apply a standard business writing style (headers
.
Marketing in a Global EconomyRead the article Airbnb and the U.docx
Marketing in a Global Economy
Read the article: "
Airbnb and the Unstoppable Rise of the Share Economy
".
A recent trend in the consumer marketplace is the ability for a consumer to share their personal belongings, such as their homes/apartments, autos, tools, bicycles, and so forth. The shared economy has now become a multibillion dollar business.
In a three- to four-page paper (not including the title and reference pages):
Explain how this concept is disrupting our traditional economy.
Describe whether the shared economy is creating new value for the consumer or if it is just replacing existing business.
.
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Running Head ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
Running Head: ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 2
Week #6 Assignment 1: The Details of Your EBP Project.
EBP Project Proposal Draft
Research topic
To assess the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking.
Research problem
Most studies have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. Stigmatization have resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Most studies have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth.
Research purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to assess in depth the role that mental-health stigma contribute in help seeking.
Research objectives
a) To review the background history of mental-health related stigma and mental problem or illness
b) To explore the impacts of stigma
c) To assess an association between the contributing factors of stigma to help seeking
d) To assess the extent in which these factors of stigma contribute to help seeking.
e) To assess the risk factors influencing help seeking with regard to stigma
Research questions
a) What is the association between stigma towards mental health patients and help-seeking?
b) To what degree does stigma constitute a barrier to the search for help among mental health patients?
c) Are there populations that are more deterred from seeking help due to stigma?
Research Hypothesis
Ho: stigma towards mental health patients have a significant role in influencing help seeking
Ha: the extent to which stigma influences help seeking is not significant
Theoretical framework
Stigma has been described as a negative effect of a label and the product of disgrace that makes a person to be apart from others (Henderson et al., 2013). It is built upon distinct constructs prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes (Henderson et al., 2013). For example, believing that those people diagnosed with mental illness is stereotype. Also, agreeing with the fact that those with mental problem are indeed dangerous with a resultant fear or anger is prejudice while discrimination is the total avoidance to those with mental conditi.
Running Head ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
Running Head: ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 2
Week #6 Assignment 1: The Details of Your EBP Project.
EBP Project Proposal Draft
Research topic
To assess the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking.
Research problem
Most studies have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. Stigmatization have resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Most studies have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth.
Research purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to assess in depth the role that mental-health stigma contribute in help seeking.
Research objectives
a) To review the background history of mental-health related stigma and mental problem or illness
b) To explore the impacts of stigma
c) To assess an association between the contributing factors of stigma to help seeking
d) To assess the extent in which these factors of stigma contribute to help seeking.
e) To assess the risk factors influencing help seeking with regard to stigma
Research questions
a) What is the association between stigma towards mental health patients and help-seeking?
b) To what degree does stigma constitute a barrier to the search for help among mental health patients?
c) Are there populations that are more deterred from seeking help due to stigma?
Research Hypothesis
Ho: stigma towards mental health patients have a significant role in influencing help seeking
Ha: the extent to which stigma influences help seeking is not significant
Theoretical framework
Stigma has been described as a negative effect of a label and the product of disgrace that makes a person to be apart from others (Henderson et al., 2013). It is built upon distinct constructs prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes (Henderson et al., 2013). For example, believing that those people diagnosed with mental illness is stereotype. Also, agreeing with the fact that those with mental problem are indeed dangerous with a resultant fear or anger is prejudice while discrimination is the total avoidance to those with mental conditi ...
Epidemiologists spend much of their time analyzing data and eval.docx
Epidemiologists spend much of their time analyzing data and evaluating the validity of the sources of their data. Measure of occurrence refers to the quantifying (count, ratio, proportion, rate, prevalence, and incidence) of events (Friis & Sellers, 2021). Data sources are critical elements that provide foundation and grounding for research. It is important to attain and evaluate the validity of data sources. Data sources require analysis and interpretation.
In this Assignment, you are presented with a scenario in the “To prepare for this Assignment” section, where you are asked to search and interpret the meaning of the data. You will also determine the probable source and validity of the data. You will search in the Walden Library for scholarly articles and identify data using the sources of data provided to you in the Learning Resources to complete this Assignment.
Reference:
Friis, R.H., & Sellers, T.A. (2021)
. Epidemiology for public health practice
(6th ed). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
To prepare
for this Assignment:
Refer to the health issue you selected in Week 1.
Perform a search in the Walden Library, and identify
at least two
recent scholarly articles (no older than 3 years of publication) related to the health issue you have chosen.
Perform a search of sources of data provided to you in the Learning Resources to identify data relevant to the health issue you have chosen.
Review the following scenario:
Imagine that you work for a state health department monitoring trends in the occurrence of various reportable infectious diseases, as well as major chronic diseases. As you compare this year's trends with last year's, you notice an increase in the occurrence of the disease that you chose.
Keep in mind, that some factors may cause an increase in incidence but, not necessarily, represent a true increase nor an epidemic.
With this scenario in mind, write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
Identify ebola the health issue you have selected.
Identify and describe
at least two factors
that might lead to an increase of new cases (incidence) of your health issue but not represent an outbreak or epidemic. Explain your thinking.
Example factors include screenings, testing, changes in diagnostic criteria, policies, laws, campaigns, etc.
Identify and describe the descriptive epidemiologic factors (person/place/time) you would use to evaluate populations at risk (i.e., what factors are relevant for your health issue within the categories of person, place, and time). Using the scholarly resources that you identified, support and explain your thinking.
Identify and explain who is more at-risk for the health issue based on the epidemiologic factors. Provide data and statistical evidence from the sources you identified to support your response. Explain your thinking.
Note
: Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week's Learning Resources and additional scholarly so.
SOC 2600 The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing FIRST DRAFT OF.docx
SOC 2600: The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing
FIRST DRAFT OF COURSE PAPER
For your first draft of your SOC 2600 course paper, please include:
Your thesis statement
(Can be part of the Introduction [see below])
Usually a single sentence at/near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.
•
Introduction
What your topic is, why it is important, and how you plan to proceed with your discussion. Your introduction should contain a thesis statement (see above) that will assert your main argument. It should also, ideally, give the reader a sense of the kinds of information you will use to make that argument and the general organization of the paragraphs and pages that will follow.
•
Preliminary literature review
O A summary of the sources; usually with an organizational pattern that combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a reorganization, or a reshuffling, of that information. What theory or theories you are using to back up your literature review
Statements of how and why particular facts about the social world are related
•
Preliminary discussion/conclusion
The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view ofthe subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.
•
References page/bibliography
oYour sources regarding literature, theories, etc
Running Head: MEDICAL ERRORS
MEDICAL ERRORS 2
SOC 2600 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Medical Errors
COMMENTS FROM PROFESSOR ABOUT MY PROPOSAL: I have no concerns about you finding enough material. Just remember to make it as sociological as possible (how do medical errors affect us as a population; and how do we affect medical errors?).
Medical Errors
Background and Significance
Medical errors are currently the third leading cause of deaths in the United States, with over 250,000 deaths annually. According to the CDC records, medical errors rank behind cancer and heart disease, where each claims over 600,000 deaths annually. Respiratory diseases come in forth, causing about 150,000 deaths annually. The high death rates caused by medical errors confirm an argument that healthcare in the country is not as safe as it is supposed to be. Medical errors result when planned actions fail to deliver the expected outcomes, or when a wrong plan is implemented to achieve particular objective. Improper transfusions, unfavorable drug effects, wrong-site surgeries, surgical errors, burns, mistaken patient identities, suicides, and restraint-related injuries, are among many problems that may occur in healt.
1 Literature Review Assignment STUDENT
1
Literature Review Assignment
STUDENT NAME
Class
Date
2
Part A: Annotated Bibliography
Article 1: Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health
Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., Young, M.-E. D., Beyeler, N., & Quesada, J.
(2015). Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health. Annual Review of Public
Health, 36(1), 375–392. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419
Abstract
Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in
public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been
applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in
societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures,
policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related
phenomena—social determinants of health and immigration—has resulted in missed
opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss
primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant
populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as
both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future
research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the
populations affected by this global phenomenon.
Annotated Bibliography
The article reports on the importance of identifying social determinants and the effects of
socially determined structures among immigrant populations in the United States. The study
identifies ways in which immigrants health outcomes are based on biases due to using
3
information based on group behaviors instead of on an induvial case. The impact of migrant and
immigrant individuals, physical and mental health in these communities’ changes as social,
economic, and political policies take place. This article is helpful in that broadens the
immigration experience including more central factors than just language, income, or education
as the cause of all health related problems in this community. But to show factors of power
structures and the ability to put in place effective health interventions that respond to direct
causes of poor or declining health in these populations.
Article 2: Fear by Association: Perceptions of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes
Vargas, Edward & Sanchez, Gabriel & Juárez, Melina. (2017). Fear by Association: Perceptions
of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and
Law. 42. 3802940. 10.1215/03616878-3802940.
Abstract
The United States is experiencing a renewed period of immigration and immigrant policy
activity as well as heightened enforcement of such policies. This intensified activity can affect
various aspects of im ...
Observational Study DesignsA clinical pediatric nurse has .docx
Observational Study Designs
A clinical pediatric nurse has noticed a rise in childhood cancer diagnoses among the Hispanic population served by the local clinic. The nurse is concerned about this increase in cancer incidence in the patient population and turns to the literature to explore current research on this topic. The nurse finds through the reading that there appears to be an association between parental smoking and childhood cancer and wonders if this could be the cause of the rise in cases.
This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood cancer) can be evaluated using an observational study design. This week, you were introduced to observational study designs used in epidemiology. For this Discussion, you will identify an epidemiologic association of interest (e.g., smoking and lung cancer, obesity and heart disease, hormone replacement/modification therapy and breast cancer) and determine an appropriate observational study design for exploring that association.
To prepare:
Review the different types of observational study designs presented in the Learning Resources: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort.
Carefully examine the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each design.
Consider an association between a risk factor and a particular health outcome that is of interest to you. Then, select the observational study design you think would be the most appropriate for exploring this association.
Consider how using observational study designs can lead to improvements in population health.
By tomorrow 03/14/2018 12 noon, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) Identify the association between the risk factor and health outcome you selected and suggest which observational study design you feel is most appropriate for examining that association.
2) Support your selection of the observational design, noting its strengths and limitations for addressing the health problem.
3) What might you be able to learn by using your selected study design that might lead to improvements in population health? Support your response with evidence from the literature.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control”
Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”
Chapter 6 presents an overview of analytic study designs used in epidemiology, differentiating between experimental studies (which will be addressed next week) and observational studies (the focus of this week). In the chapter, the authors address three varieties of observational studies—ecological, cross-sectional, a ...
Epidemiologic DesignsAs introduced in the first few weeks
Epidemiologic Designs
As introduced in the first few weeks of this course, investigators use various epidemiological study designs to study health problems and the effects of health interventions. You have examined several study designs, including descriptive designs (in Week 2) and analytic study designs that are observational (in Week 3) or experimental (this week). As a DNP student, you should be able to determine which study design would be most suitable for addressing a health problem of interest to you, as this is a foundation for evidence-based practice.
For this Discussion, you will consider which epidemiologic study design (i.e., descriptive, ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, or experimental) is most appropriate for investigating the population health problem you selected for Assignment 1. In addition, you will consider which epidemiologic data sources you would use to examine your health problem.
To prepare:
Reflect on the population health problem you identified in Assignment 1, which you will use for Major Assessment 7, and your early review of the literature.
Identify a question for your study; this will help you select an appropriate design.
Consider which epidemiologic study design (i.e., descriptive, ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, or experimental) is most appropriate for addressing your selected health problem based upon the assumptions and basic tenets of each design.
Determine which epidemiological design(s) would not be appropriate for your study and why.
Also, explore the various health data resources that were presented in Chapter 5 of the course text,
Epidemiology for Public Health Practice
. Consider which data resources you could use for your study, assessing the strengths and limitations of those resources.
By tomorrow 03/21//2018, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”
Post
a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:
1) Briefly summarize the population health problem you selected for Major Assessment 7, and state the study question you want to answer.
2) Explain which epidemiologic study design is most appropriate for your study, as well as the assumptions and tenets that support its application.
3) Analyze the strengths and the limitations of the potential data sources you might use for your study.
Required Readings
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 8, “Experimental Study Designs”
This chapter examines experimental and quasi-experimental study designs.
Johnson, T. S. (2010). A brief review of pharmacotherapeutic treatment options in smoking cessation: Bupropion versus varenicline. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 22(10), 557–563.
The ...
1Running Head Health Policy, Politics and Perspectives2He.docx
1
Running Head: Health Policy, Politics and Perspectives
2
Health Policy, Politics and Perspectives
Week #8: Discussion 1
A Connected Patient Is A Healthier Patient.
The main reason for choosing this particular topic is that when an interconnection is created between the patient and the doctor then the patient gets a step closer to getting cured. This is because the digital platforms that have been set up have made it possible for the patients even to get prescriptions while at home. The patient is able even to get methods on how they can lead a healthy life and even get to know better methods of how they can avoid chances of attaining risks (Williams, Samarth, 2011). The online platforms also remove the burden of patients moving from their areas at work just to go and have access to lab results but due to the digital platforms been set up the lab results are posted on the patient’s portal where only the patient can be able to access them.
When the digital health resources are made available to all users it creates perfect coordination between the doctor and the patient. This, therefore, enhances better treatment of the patients since their records are kept up to date hence there is no risk of data loss. Past when the patient had to carry cumbersome files back to their homes and would be forced to come back with them and every time they were needed to go back for examinations (Rosenbloom, 2011). Sometimes the patient could lose the files, and this would lead to the patient’s progress being forced to be reversed since the doctors are not able to track earlier treatments
The digital resources will be of help in the eradication of diseases in the world. This is because digital resources have helped by providing recent and powerful techniques that help combat deadliest diseases. These diseases are so critical that human beings cannot handle them on their own. Due to this control measures robots have been set up to help in combating these diseases. The researchers who are put in place to look for methods to cure these diseases have been equipped with high technology research facilities that they use to find out the cure for diseases
The digital resources have also enabled patients who suffer from a similar disease to get together. This has made possible by the existence of medical social platforms that make it possible for them to interact with each other. The social groups provide much help to the patients of which they usually give each other moral support and guidance. These social groups help the newly admitted patients get to know that they are not alone in the situation they are and hence should not find a reason to give up. The digital social platforms are also equipped with doctors specialized in their kind of ailing. These doctors are available in the groups and are there to provide any professional assistance that the patients cannot handle. They also provide tips on how to live well and to avoid risks ...
From diagnosis to social diagnosisAuthor Phil Brown Mercedes Lys.docx
From diagnosis to social diagnosis
Author Phil Brown Mercedes Lyson, Tania Jenkins
Abstract
In the past two decades, research on the sociology of diagnosis has attained considerable influence within medical sociology. Analyzing the process and factors that contribute to making a diagnosis amidst uncertainty and contestation, as well as the diagnostic encounter itself, are topics rich for sociological investigation. This paper provides a reformulation of the sociology of diagnosis by proposing the concept of ‘social diagnosis’ which helps us recognize the interplay between larger social structures and individual or community illness manifestations. By outlining a conceptual frame, exploring how social scientists, medical professionals and laypeople contribute to social diagnosis, and providing a case study of how the North American Mohawk Akwesasne reservation dealt with rising obesity prevalence to further illustrate the social diagnosis idea, we embark on developing a cohesive and updated framework for a sociology of diagnosis. This approach is useful not just for sociological research, but has direct implications for the fields of medicine and public health. Approaching diagnosis from this integrated perspective potentially provides a broader context for practitioners and researchers to understand extra-medical factors, which in turn has consequences for patient care and health outcomes.
Highlights
► “Social diagnosis” recognizes interplay between social structures and illness manifestations. ► Case study shows how Mohawk Akwesasne dealt with rising obesity. ► Provides broad context for practitioners and researchers to understand extra-medical factors.
· Previous article in issue
· Next article in issue
Keywords
Diagnosis
Risk
Social movements
Environment
Public health
USA
Canada
Reservations
Introduction
Sociological analysis of diagnosis has achieved considerable influence in the last two decades, providing important insight into how we understand health, disease, and illness. It has also expanded how we view the social and cultural influences that shape our knowledge and practice on health and illness. This includes studies of diagnosis that have gone beyond the interaction between physician and patient, to take into account the larger social, structural, and temporal forces that shape diagnosis (see, for example, the categorization of homosexuality as a mental disorder and the role of gay rights activists in the American Psychiatric Association’s deliberations) (Cooksey & Brown, 1998).
Recently we have also seen the emergence of diseases whose etiologies, symptoms, and, therefore, diagnoses, are often contested or uncertain. This combination of medical and social uncertainty leads us to propose a reformulation of the concept social diagnosis as a new way of thinking about the sociology of diagnosis. This paper explores social diagnosis by first, outlining a conceptual framework of social diagnosis; second, discussing the different acto ...
Psy 361 Enhance teaching-snaptutorial.com
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
PSY 361 Week 5 Final Paper Transtheoretical and Health Belief Models in Chronic Illness
Focus of the Final Paper
The course of illness can be influenced by biological, psychological, and/or social factors covering a broad range of topics that include stress, coping, and behaviors that either promote health and prevent illness, or contribute to the development of
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NURS 8310 Epidemiology and Population HealthMajor Assessment Ov.docx
NURS 8310: Epidemiology and Population Health
Major Assessment Overview
Major Assessment 7: Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health Issue
Write a 12- to 15-page paper that addresses the following:
Section 1: The Problem (developed as Assignment 2; submitted at the end of Week 6)
· A brief outline of the environment you selected (i.e., home, workplace, school)
· A summary of your selected population health problem in terms of person, place, and time, and the magnitude of the problem based on data from appropriate data resources (Reference the data resources you used.)
· Research question/hypothesis
Section 2: Research Methods (developed as Assignment 2; submitted at the end of Week 6)
· The epidemiologic study design you would use to assess and address your population health problem.
· Assessment strategies (i.e., if you were conducting a case-control study, how would you select your cases and controls? Regarding the methods and tools you would use to make these selections, how is it convenient for you as the researcher or as the investigator to use this tool?)
· Summary of the data collection activities (i.e., how you would collect data—online survey, paper/pen, mailing, etc.)
Section 3: The Intervention (developed as Assignment 3; submitted at the end of Week 8)
· An outline of an intervention you would implement to address the population health problem with your selected population based on the results of the study in Section 2. Note: If you selected a descriptive study design, you are still required to outline an intervention that might be developed based on future research on.
· A review of the literature that supports this intervention
Section 4: The Impact (developed as Assignment 3; submitted at the end of Week 8)
· An explanation of the health outcome you would be seeking and the social impact of solving this issue
Section 5: Evaluation (developed as Assignment 4; submitted at the end of Week 9)
· An evaluation plan based upon the health outcome that you have chosen and your anticipated results
The Final Paper (with feedback incorporated) is due by Day 3 of Week 11. This serves as your Major Assessment for this course.
Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from appropriate Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
© 2012 Laureate Education Inc.
1
1
Population Health: Healthcare-Associated Infections
Anne Marie WouapetName
Walden UniversitySchool
NURS 8310 Section 03, Epidemiology and Population HealthClass
March 18, 2018Date
Well done
5/5
Healthcare-Associated Infections
Healthcare-Associated infections (HAI) are infections acquired by patients in the course of receiving medical or surgical care. In modern healthcare, there .
Commentary _social_epidemiology__questionable answers and answerable questions
commentary free acces publishedin the journal of epidemiology
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OR
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“The Lesser of Two Evils,” David F. Schmitz (
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201-205)
4.
“The Beliefs behind the Policies,” Lars Schoultz (
Problems,
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a.
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b.
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c.
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d.
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i.
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ii.
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iii.
The
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iv.
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e.
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REFERENCES/VIDEO
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Public and global health: Influence of cultural diversity on global health
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Course Text: Holtz, Carol. (2013).
Global health care: Issues and policies (2nd edition)
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Case Studies in Global Health: Millions Saved
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Assignment 2 Defining the Problem and Research MethodsSec
- 1. Assignment 2: Defining the Problem and Research Methods Sections 1 and 2 of Major Assessment 7: Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health Problem How do culture and environment influence health? What role does personality play in health outcomes? How do stressful life events influence disease? As a health care professional, you have most likely witnessed the influence of psychosocial factors on individual health. These factors also have a significant impact on population health. Chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease, as well as degenerative diseases, can be studied at the population level through the use of epidemiologic methods (Friis, 2014). The insights gained from this type of research can then positively impact health outcomes locally, nationally, and globally. As you continue working on Assignment 2, which is due by Thursday 04/05/2018 Day 5 of this week , consider how psychosocial factors influence your population and population health issue. To complete: In 5–6 pages, APA format with a minimum of five (5) scholarly references (see list of required readings below), write the following sections of your paper:
- 2. Section 1: The Problem 1) Introduction (ending with a purpose statement: “the purpose of this paper is…) 2) A brief outline of the environment you selected (i.e., home, workplace, school) 3) A summary of your selected population health problem in terms of person, place, and time, and the magnitude of the problem based on data from appropriate data resources (Reference the data resources you used.) 4) Research question/hypothesis (same as the one in assignment 1. I’m including an attachment of assignment 1 you did for me). Section 2: Research Methods 1) The epidemiologic study design you would use to assess and address your population health problem 2) Assessment strategies (i.e., if you were conducting a case- control study, how would you select your cases and controls? Regarding the methods and tools, you would use to make these selections, how is it convenient for you as the researcher or as the investigator to use this tool?) 3) Summary of the data collection activities (i.e., how you
- 3. would collect data—online survey, paper/pen, mailing, etc.) 4) Conclusion of the whole paper. Required Readings Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. Chapter 10, “Data Interpretation Issues” Chapter 15, “Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology” Appendix A – Guide to the Critical Appraisal of an Epidemiologic/Public Health Research Article In Chapter 10, the authors describe issues related to data interpretation and address the main types of research errors that need to be considered when conducting epidemiologic research, as well as when analyzing published results. It also presents techniques for reducing bias. Chapter 15 features psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology. Appendix A includes criteria to consider when reading an empirical journal article. Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999). The epidemiology of chronic pain in
- 4. the community. The Lancet, 354(9186), 1248–1252. This article describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain. Carefully review this article noting the structure of the research design, assessment and data collection, and analysis strategies. You will refer to this article for Discussion 2. Oppenheimer, G. M. (2010). Framingham Heart Study: The first 20 years. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 53(1), 55–61. The Framingham Heart Study is a landmark epidemiologic study that began in the 1940s. The author of this article reviews the history of the Framingham Heart Study and its contribution to population health. As you read this article, consider any sources of bias or potential conflict of interest. You will refer to this article for Discussion 2. Phillips, C. V., & Goodman, K. J. (2004). The missed lessons of Sir Austin Bradford Hill. Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations, 1(3). Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1742-5573/1/3 In 1965, Austin Bradford Hill worked on a paper that has become a standard in public health and epidemiologic study about how to make decisions based on epidemiologic evidence. Hill put forth strategies for inferring causation and stressed the need for considering costs and benefits when planning health- promoting interventions. Review this article, which examines how Hill’s strategies are often misused or misinterpreted.
- 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). CDC health disparities and inequalities report—United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Supplement, (60), 1– 114. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. [Read pages 11–32] This report consolidates national data on disparities in mortality, morbidity, behavioral risk factors, health care access, preventive health services, and social determinants of critical health problems in the United States by using selected indicators. The required section of reading introduces the social determinants of health and environmental hazards. World Health Organization. (2011). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/ According to the World Health Organization, “The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities—the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries.” This article presents an introduction to social determinants of health. World Health Organization. (2011). Social determinants of health: Key concepts. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalrep ort/key_concepts/en/index.html This article outlines key concepts related to the social determinants of health.
- 6. Healthy People 2020. (2011). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.as px?topicid=39 This website presents an overview of the social determinants of health and addresses how the information relates to Healthy People 2020. UCL Institute of Health Equity. (2012). ‘Fair society healthy lives’ (The Marmot Review). Retrieved from http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/projects/fair-society- healthy-lives-the-marmot-review Optional Resources Genaidy, A. M., Lemasters, G. K., Lockey, J., Succop, P., Deddens, J., Sobeih, & Dunning, K. (2007). An epidemiological appraisal instrumental – a tool for evaluation of epidemiological studies. Ergonomics, 50(6), 920–960. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/