This photo presentation looks at the years of research that has gone into discovering whether other planets within our solar system and beyond can support life, whether it be human life or organic compounds of the simplest form.
Pesquisa mostra que as exoluas podem ser os corpos mais comuns no universo onde se pode encontrar vida. As exoluar aumentam o número de corpos presentes na chamada zona habitável dos exoplanetas.
Presentation to know how The Universe is. You can find information about The Solar System. A very useful resource for CLIL teachers looking for material for Secondary teaching.
Pesquisa mostra que as exoluas podem ser os corpos mais comuns no universo onde se pode encontrar vida. As exoluar aumentam o número de corpos presentes na chamada zona habitável dos exoplanetas.
Presentation to know how The Universe is. You can find information about The Solar System. A very useful resource for CLIL teachers looking for material for Secondary teaching.
YEAR 9 GEOGRAPHY - ASTRONOMY: SUN, PLANETS AND GALAXYGeorge Dumitrache
An original and comprehensive Powerpoint presentation about the science of Astronomy: the Sun, the planets and our galaxy. It is suitable for Year 9 and 10, pre Cambridge curricula.
Pluto has captured people’s imagination for nearly a century.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Is there life life on mars? For many people it is the big question and maybe we aren´t to far to find the answer...
Don´tforget, if you like the ppt; like it!
:)
Taking as reference the Drake equation, which estimates a small number of civilizations, under very specific characteristics, it appears that at present there is
insufficient data to solve this equation. However, the scientific community has accepted its relevance as a first theoretical approach to the problem, and several researchers have used as a tool to raise different scenarios, which will explore a specific in this assay, mixed with some science fiction.
The curiosity to find earth-like planet can be dated to long time ago. But because of the incapability of the available technologies, it was a dream to detect planets beyond our solar system. After the time stated, the space research have taken a new leap and opened a new era of information. The concept of Exoplanet born. It can also be referred to as Extra Solar Planet. Any planet which is not within our solar system is Exoplanet. But an absolute definition is quite complex and problematic. So some of the important characteristics of an Exoplanet is it has to be earth-like environment, it can be giant or terrestrial type
The Universe is all of space time and everything that exists therein, including all planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy.
Similar terms include the cosmos, the world, reality, and nature.
YEAR 9 GEOGRAPHY - ASTRONOMY: SUN, PLANETS AND GALAXYGeorge Dumitrache
An original and comprehensive Powerpoint presentation about the science of Astronomy: the Sun, the planets and our galaxy. It is suitable for Year 9 and 10, pre Cambridge curricula.
Pluto has captured people’s imagination for nearly a century.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Is there life life on mars? For many people it is the big question and maybe we aren´t to far to find the answer...
Don´tforget, if you like the ppt; like it!
:)
Taking as reference the Drake equation, which estimates a small number of civilizations, under very specific characteristics, it appears that at present there is
insufficient data to solve this equation. However, the scientific community has accepted its relevance as a first theoretical approach to the problem, and several researchers have used as a tool to raise different scenarios, which will explore a specific in this assay, mixed with some science fiction.
The curiosity to find earth-like planet can be dated to long time ago. But because of the incapability of the available technologies, it was a dream to detect planets beyond our solar system. After the time stated, the space research have taken a new leap and opened a new era of information. The concept of Exoplanet born. It can also be referred to as Extra Solar Planet. Any planet which is not within our solar system is Exoplanet. But an absolute definition is quite complex and problematic. So some of the important characteristics of an Exoplanet is it has to be earth-like environment, it can be giant or terrestrial type
The Universe is all of space time and everything that exists therein, including all planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy.
Similar terms include the cosmos, the world, reality, and nature.
Life on Earth began about 3.7 billion years ago in the form of a single cell that gradually evolved from a single cell into a multicellular cell.
As far as we know, the diameter of the universe (observed universe) is 93 billion light winds (8.8E23 km).
As stars die out and explode into supernovae, planets begin to form.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
A short glimpse of geology of the planet Mars. Good for undergraduate and post-graduate students of geology, geography, earth and planetary sciences, astronomy.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. For decades, scientists have been
determined to discover whether there
are other forms of life within our solar
system through use of telescopes,
satellites and probes being sent to
voyage into the darkest parts of
space.
The various technologies used in the
21st century have led to astounding
discoveries within our solar system
and beyond, which leads to endless
possibilities.
Within recent years, there has
been several discoveries of
‘exoplanets’- which have been
located outside our solar system,
which display particular
characteristics of being able to
sustain life for even microbial
organic life forms.
But before their discovery, some
planets within out solar system
were considered to have held life
during one point in their existence
3. Mars is recognised as the
fourth planet from the Sun,
being identified to
astronomers by its bright rust
colour due to the minerals
located within the loose and
dust covering the surface
being rich in iron-based
minerals.
The geology of the planet
Mars shows a cold thin
atmosphere made up of
approximately 95% Carbon
Dioxide, while the rest of the
atmosphere is comprised of
nitrogen (2.7%) and argon
(1.3%).
In comparison with Earth,
Mars shares similar orbital
characteristics due to the axis
of the planet tilting much like
Earth, leading to certain
amounts of sunlight reaching
certain parts of the planet
during its year, giving the
planet seasons.
However, due to the planet’s
elliptical orbit, it experiences
harsher seasons when
particular hemispheres are
facing the Sun, including
short, hot summers and
short, cold winters.
4. Martian Meteorites:
Host for life?
In 1984, the meteorite ALH84001
was discovered in Antarctica by
a team of meteor researchers
from the ANSMET project, who
believed this fragment of
meteorite came from the planet
Mars. From analysing this
sample amongst the other 10
rocks from Mars found,
researchers have concluded that
they discovered organic carbon
compounds that originated on
Mars without involvement of life.
Furthermore, researchers were
then led to believe that this
meteorite could contain fossils
from Mars. The claim was strongly
disapproved, leading to the
suggestion that this piece of
meteorite dislodged from Mars
over 16 million years ago falling to
Earth around 13,000 years
ago.({Greicius, 2012 #35})
5. After years of scientific
research, as far it has been
determined, the surface of Mars
is inhospitable to forms of life as
we currently know. Due to the
atmosphere being made up of
mostly carbon dioxide, while the
rest of the atmosphere
compromises of argon and
nitrogen, which is similar to
Earth’s atmosphere.
The overall problem
that the planet Mars
holds is that due to the
atmosphere itself, the
planet wouldn’t be able
to sustain it for too long
due to its small size
according to scientists.
6. In order to discover more about
our neighbouring planet Mars,
NASA has voyaged into space
with probes such as the Curiosity
rover, launched in 2011, taking
over the responsibilities of its
predecessors, the Spirit and
Opportunity rovers. It successfully
landed in 2012, relaying
information back towards Earth
ever since. In 2014, NASA plans
to send the MAVEN orbiter to
address key questions about
Mars’ climate, understanding the
nature of the planet itself.
The ISRO has also launched
it’s own interplanetary
spacecraft back in 2013, being
a technology presentation,
carrying 15 kilograms of
scientific instruments that will
help analyse the planet, also
relaying its results back to
Earth.
7. Besides Mars, the planet Jupiter and
Saturn and its moons Europa and Titan
have been suggested to once have held
life due to their composition. The moon
Europa is Jupiter’s sixth- closest moon,
having its surface covered in ice, while
also having a icy crust being severely
fractured, indicated by its curved, linear
bands from images on its surface.
Europa’s density allows scientists to
conclude that it has a layer of ice water,
while liquid water could exist due to
possibility of internal tidal heating from
its gravitational relationship with the
planet and its other moons.
Jupiter’s largest moon Titan has
also been suggested to have held
life due to its ammonia/methane
chemistry within the atmosphere;
a essential component in the
synthesis of ‘amino acids’,
leading to the possibility that
primitive forms of life may exist
on this moon, however it’s
unlikely due to the temperature
being extremely cold.
8. Scientists have discovered that
underneath the icy surface of
Saturn’s moon Enceladus, there
is a watery ocean that could
potentially harbour life. This
discovery was made possible by
NASA’s Nassini Spacecraft,
which had been monitoring
gravitational anomalies over the
course of 10 years.
The moon keeps the water from
freezing by warming tidal forces,
that is generated by the gravity of
the giant gas planets. This
suggests that small microbial
organic life forms may be able to
survive on the surface of the moon
Enceladus. From the research, it’s
conclusive that a large body of
water is causing the anomaly
when scientists realised
something denser than ice was
giving the readings.
9. Within recent years, there has
been a major breakthrough in
the discovery of planets that
exist outside our solar system,
being defined as ‘exoplanets’. In
addition, some exoplanets have
been recognised to be similar
sizes to Earth, and some even
being super-sized in comparison
to our own planet.
To discover more
exoplanets within our
universe, scientists have
developed a space
telescope which has a
specific role in locating
‘exoplanets’, gathering
critical information on the
characteristics of the
planet/s itself. It’s called
the Kepler Space
Telescope.
10. The Kepler Space
Telescope:
In 2009, NASA launched the Kepler
Space Telescope into space to locate
and record information on exoplanets
that were located outside the solar
system, the Milky Way.
The main focus of the Kepler
Space Telescope is to also
discover Earth sized planets within
our solar system as well as outside
the solar system and determine
how many planets are located
amongst the billions of stars within
the universe.
11. Kepler-186 and the
Solar System:
In the above diagram, this model
of the Kepler-186 system shows a
five planet system which is
measured to be 500 light years
away from Earth, in a constellation
called Cygnus.
From the diagram, it shows
that these planets orbit a ‘M
dwarf’- a star that is
recognised as being half the
size and mass of our Sun.
12. As of April 2014, the Kepler
Space Telescope made a
major discovery; it found an
Earth sized exoplanet
orbiting a star within the
‘habitable zone’- meaning
that it’s the perfect distance
away from its star that it
might have the capabilities of
pooling water on its surface.
The planet Kepler 186-f is part of
the Kepler-186 system, which is a
five planet system, however the
other planets within this system
are be closer to the star than
what Kepler 186-f is, not allowing
life to be sustained due to them
being too close to their orbiting
star.
13. Astronomers have now discovered a
new rocky planet, being identified as a
‘Mega Earth’, due to it being 17 times
the mass of Earth. It is suggested that
Kepler 10-c formed 11 billion years
ago, being created less than 3 billion
years after the universe began.
The Kepler Space Telescope has
also analysed that this ‘Mega
Earth is 560 light years away
from Earth, orbiting its star very
close, suggesting that life can’t
exist on this planet, while the
gravity is about twice of what
Earth’s gravity is.
14. From the conclusive research into life on other planets,
including exoplanets as well as planets within our solar
system, the search for life continues due to the evidence that
suggests life exists outside our own planet being somewhat
inconclusive. However, from analysing certain planets’
moons such as Saturn, including Europa and Enceladus,
they have provided results about how there is the possibility
of life to be sustained outside Earth due to the discovery of
water on these orbiting moons, which allows scientists to
continue having hope in discovering some form of life out in
space.