The ASSETS project aims to quantify the linkages between ecosystem services and food security for rural poor communities located at the forest-agricultural interface. The project is a collaboration between researchers in the UK, US, Spain, Colombia and Malawi. It will use participatory research and modeling to understand how changes in land use and climate impact ecosystem services and food security in case studies in Malawi and Colombia. The results will inform policies to better manage trade-offs between ecosystem services and food security to improve nutrition.
Range-wide Conservation Strategy for the Gopher Tortoise (Draft)usfwssoutheast
This presentation accompanied a webinar presented by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and SEAFWA on August 22, 2012. For more information visit http://www.fws.gov/southeast/candi
Range-wide Conservation Strategy for the Gopher Tortoise (Draft)usfwssoutheast
This presentation accompanied a webinar presented by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and SEAFWA on August 22, 2012. For more information visit http://www.fws.gov/southeast/candi
Achieving optimal nutrition - the critical role of food systems and dietsAlain Vidal
Conference given by Jessica Fanzo at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 11 January 2018 as part of Master CLUES (week on Natural resources, food security and poverty alleviation)
Introduction to Livestock in a Changing LandscapeILRI
Presentation by Shirley Tarawali at the 'launch of publication and way forward workshop', Switzerland, 4-5 March 2010
Book information: http://www.islandpress.com/bookstore/details.php?prod_id=1950
Ecosytem services for food and nutritional securityAlain Vidal
Conference given by Fabrice de Clerck at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 11 January 2018 as part of Master CLUES (week on Natural resources, food security and poverty alleviation)
Multidisciplinary Research Week 2013 at the University of Southampton. #MDRWeek. World Water Day and International Year of Water Cooperation 2013.
‘Attaining Sustainable Services from Ecosystems through Trade-off Scenarios (ESPA ASSETS project)’, Presentation by Dr Kate Schreckenberg, University of Southampton.
See the latest videos, interviews, pictures, tweets and views from the floor at: www.southampton.ac.uk/multidisciplinary
Regional and global elevational patterns of microbial species richness and ev...sediman
Although elevational gradients in microbial biodiversity have attracted increasing attention recently, the generality in the patterns and underlying mechanisms are still poorly resolved. Further, previous studies focused mostly on species richness, while left understudied evenness, another important aspect of biodiversity. Here, we studied the elevational patterns in species richness and evenness of stream bio lm bacteria and diatoms in six mountains in Asia and Europe. We also reviewed published results for elevational richness patterns for soil and stream microbes in a literature analysis. Our results revealed that even within the same ecosystem type (that is, stream) or geographical region, bacteria and diatoms showed contrasting patterns in diversity. Stream microbes, including present stream data, tend to show signi cantly increasing or decreasing elevational patterns in richness, contrasting the ndings for soil microbes that typically showed nonsigni cant or signi cantly decreasing patterns. In all six mountains for bacteria and in four mountains for diatoms, species richness and evenness were positively correlated. e variation in bacteria and diatom richness and evenness were substantially explained by anthropogenic driven factors, such as total phosphorus (TP). However, diatom richness and evenness were also related to di erent main drivers as richness was mostly related to pH, while evenness was most explained by TP. Our results highlight the lack of consistent elevational biodiversity patterns of microbes and further indicate that the two facets of biodiversity may respond di erently to environmental gradients.
USDA APHIS Veterinary Vervice: One Health call to actionHarm Kiezebrink
Interest in the One Health approach is surfacing in both the public and private sector within the USA. Members of the US Congress have demonstrated their support of One Health principles by introducing legislation to promote, implement, and sustain veterinary services, and veterinary public health; to promote training in food systems security; to develop strategies to address antimicrobial resistance; and to develop other veterinary health initiatives.
The private sector understands that harnessing the combined expertise of medical and veterinary science can transform the ability to control and eradicate a range of pathogens that pose major threats to both human and animal health, and that undermine the viability of livestock agriculture and food production. As part of its vision for 2015, APHIS Veterinary Service is committed to embrace One Health strategy as part of the solution to address the changes and challenges of the APHIS Veterinary Service landscape.
Tackling food and nutrition security: the importance of gender specific activ...ACIAR
Dr Brigitte Bagnol is a researcher associated with the International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC), KYEEMA Foundation, Australia and part of the AIFSC project 'Strengthening food security through family poultry and crop integration'. Her presentation looks at the gender dimensions of this work.
Early warning systems for food water-energy nexus in GMS regionPrabhakar SVRK
For a full paper on this subject, please refer to the links below:
http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?docid=3390
http://gis.gms-eoc.org/GMS2020_WS-MATERIALS/2.1.4%20Prabhakar_Climate_Risks_to_Agriculture.pdf
Ecosystem services and resilience in large-scale agricultural landscapesBioversity International
A presentation given by Silvia Wood and Fabrice DeClerk on behalf of Bioversity International. Read more about our work on Agricultural Ecosystems here: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/agricultural-ecosystems/
Engineering Biology to Address Global Problems: Synthetic Biology Markets, Ne...Ilya Klabukov
"Engineering Biology to Address Global Problems: Synthetic Biology Markets, Needs, and Applications"
Nancy J. Kelley, David J. Whelan, Ellyn Kerr, Aidan Apel,
Robyn Beliveau, and Rachael Scanlon
Nancy J. Kelley & Associates, New York, NY
This Industry Report includes key findings and excerpts from the report "Synberc Sustainability Initiative: Initial Findings & Recommendations", prepared by Nancy J. Kelley & Associates, February 2014, co-funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and Synberc. The full report is available at http://bit.ly/NJKAsynbio. The information and views contained in this document are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of Industrial Biotechnology, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers, or their affiliates. Furthermore, none of the above organizations or companies, nor any persons acting on their behalf, is responsible for the use that might be made of the information contained in this publication.
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JUNE 2014
DOI : 10.1089/ind.2014.1515
Samoa Agritourism Policy Setting Worskhop 2016
Linking Agriculture and Tourism through Policy setting:
Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Samoa and CTA
in collaboration with PIPSO
Diversity in Food Systems: The Case of Stockfree Organic
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Michael Hauser, Lorenz Probst, Didier Pillot: University Network for Tropical Agriculture (UNTA) Meeting at Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand - Thema: “Tropical Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security”.
Achieving optimal nutrition - the critical role of food systems and dietsAlain Vidal
Conference given by Jessica Fanzo at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 11 January 2018 as part of Master CLUES (week on Natural resources, food security and poverty alleviation)
Introduction to Livestock in a Changing LandscapeILRI
Presentation by Shirley Tarawali at the 'launch of publication and way forward workshop', Switzerland, 4-5 March 2010
Book information: http://www.islandpress.com/bookstore/details.php?prod_id=1950
Ecosytem services for food and nutritional securityAlain Vidal
Conference given by Fabrice de Clerck at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 11 January 2018 as part of Master CLUES (week on Natural resources, food security and poverty alleviation)
Multidisciplinary Research Week 2013 at the University of Southampton. #MDRWeek. World Water Day and International Year of Water Cooperation 2013.
‘Attaining Sustainable Services from Ecosystems through Trade-off Scenarios (ESPA ASSETS project)’, Presentation by Dr Kate Schreckenberg, University of Southampton.
See the latest videos, interviews, pictures, tweets and views from the floor at: www.southampton.ac.uk/multidisciplinary
Regional and global elevational patterns of microbial species richness and ev...sediman
Although elevational gradients in microbial biodiversity have attracted increasing attention recently, the generality in the patterns and underlying mechanisms are still poorly resolved. Further, previous studies focused mostly on species richness, while left understudied evenness, another important aspect of biodiversity. Here, we studied the elevational patterns in species richness and evenness of stream bio lm bacteria and diatoms in six mountains in Asia and Europe. We also reviewed published results for elevational richness patterns for soil and stream microbes in a literature analysis. Our results revealed that even within the same ecosystem type (that is, stream) or geographical region, bacteria and diatoms showed contrasting patterns in diversity. Stream microbes, including present stream data, tend to show signi cantly increasing or decreasing elevational patterns in richness, contrasting the ndings for soil microbes that typically showed nonsigni cant or signi cantly decreasing patterns. In all six mountains for bacteria and in four mountains for diatoms, species richness and evenness were positively correlated. e variation in bacteria and diatom richness and evenness were substantially explained by anthropogenic driven factors, such as total phosphorus (TP). However, diatom richness and evenness were also related to di erent main drivers as richness was mostly related to pH, while evenness was most explained by TP. Our results highlight the lack of consistent elevational biodiversity patterns of microbes and further indicate that the two facets of biodiversity may respond di erently to environmental gradients.
USDA APHIS Veterinary Vervice: One Health call to actionHarm Kiezebrink
Interest in the One Health approach is surfacing in both the public and private sector within the USA. Members of the US Congress have demonstrated their support of One Health principles by introducing legislation to promote, implement, and sustain veterinary services, and veterinary public health; to promote training in food systems security; to develop strategies to address antimicrobial resistance; and to develop other veterinary health initiatives.
The private sector understands that harnessing the combined expertise of medical and veterinary science can transform the ability to control and eradicate a range of pathogens that pose major threats to both human and animal health, and that undermine the viability of livestock agriculture and food production. As part of its vision for 2015, APHIS Veterinary Service is committed to embrace One Health strategy as part of the solution to address the changes and challenges of the APHIS Veterinary Service landscape.
Tackling food and nutrition security: the importance of gender specific activ...ACIAR
Dr Brigitte Bagnol is a researcher associated with the International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC), KYEEMA Foundation, Australia and part of the AIFSC project 'Strengthening food security through family poultry and crop integration'. Her presentation looks at the gender dimensions of this work.
Early warning systems for food water-energy nexus in GMS regionPrabhakar SVRK
For a full paper on this subject, please refer to the links below:
http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?docid=3390
http://gis.gms-eoc.org/GMS2020_WS-MATERIALS/2.1.4%20Prabhakar_Climate_Risks_to_Agriculture.pdf
Ecosystem services and resilience in large-scale agricultural landscapesBioversity International
A presentation given by Silvia Wood and Fabrice DeClerk on behalf of Bioversity International. Read more about our work on Agricultural Ecosystems here: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/agricultural-ecosystems/
Engineering Biology to Address Global Problems: Synthetic Biology Markets, Ne...Ilya Klabukov
"Engineering Biology to Address Global Problems: Synthetic Biology Markets, Needs, and Applications"
Nancy J. Kelley, David J. Whelan, Ellyn Kerr, Aidan Apel,
Robyn Beliveau, and Rachael Scanlon
Nancy J. Kelley & Associates, New York, NY
This Industry Report includes key findings and excerpts from the report "Synberc Sustainability Initiative: Initial Findings & Recommendations", prepared by Nancy J. Kelley & Associates, February 2014, co-funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and Synberc. The full report is available at http://bit.ly/NJKAsynbio. The information and views contained in this document are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of Industrial Biotechnology, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers, or their affiliates. Furthermore, none of the above organizations or companies, nor any persons acting on their behalf, is responsible for the use that might be made of the information contained in this publication.
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JUNE 2014
DOI : 10.1089/ind.2014.1515
Samoa Agritourism Policy Setting Worskhop 2016
Linking Agriculture and Tourism through Policy setting:
Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Samoa and CTA
in collaboration with PIPSO
Diversity in Food Systems: The Case of Stockfree Organic
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Michael Hauser, Lorenz Probst, Didier Pillot: University Network for Tropical Agriculture (UNTA) Meeting at Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand - Thema: “Tropical Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security”.
Smartphone-based Biodiversity Monitoring- Alex Rogers University of Southamptonalisonsimmance
Smartphone-based Biodiversity Monitoring Mobilising the crowd in the hunt for the New Forest Cicada- By Davide Zilli & Alex Rogers
University of Southampton
Creative Digifest #SXSC2 11th October 2012, Digital Economy USRG, University of Southampton
Presentation on the state of the art for the ASSETS project for the inception workshop in Southampton, May 21st 2012. Project is supported by the ESPA program, with funding coming from DFID and NERC.
Strengthening Higher Education for Sustainable Agriculture (HESA) and Food Sy...SIANI
Wayne Nelles from the Chulalongkorn University School of Agricultural Resources (CUSAR) presents an overview of the context and importance for achieving SDGs in southeast Asia with a focus on sustainable agri-food systems. The ongoing work of the SIANI expert group on Higher Education in Southeast Asia (HESA) is also presented, as well as an outline of planned work in the upcoming years.
HESA-SIANI August 2017 Philippines Workshop
The Value of Nature - The National Ecosystem Assessment
Dr Megan Tierney, Programme Officer, Ecosystem Assessment Programme, UNEP-WCMC
Andrew Church, Professor of Human Geography, University of Brighton
Climate change and variability and extreme events adaptation: what are the ch...ILRI
A presentation prepared by John Ingram for the workshop on Dealing with Drivers of Rapid Change in Africa: Integration of Lessons from Long-term Research on INRM, ILRI, Nairobi, June 12-13, 2008.
A presentation given at the WLE Ganges Focal Region writeshop in 2014 on the Ecosystem Services and Resilience Framework (ESR). Put together and presented by Sarah Jones of Bioversity International.
Food systems transformation: what is the role of pulses in the sustainability...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership/en/
This presentation was presentaed during the seminar Soils & Pulses: symbiosis for life that took place at FAO HQ on 19 Apr 2016. it was made by Massimo Iannetta & Milena Stefanova and it presents the Food systems transformation.
RUNNING Head: IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEMS. 1
IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEMS 8
Impacts of Food Systems.
Students Name.
Institutional Affiliation.
Impacts on food systems.
Introduction
Sustainability in food systems entails the provision of the food security and nutrition which are essential to maintain and promote the living condition of the people under the earth (Ericksen, Ingram, & Liverman, 2009). The food system is according to the four pillar that defines its implication in any society. These four pillars are stability, availability, utilization and access. According to Food and Agriculture Organization, food security refers to “all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”(Source, FAO SOFI 2011).
When four pillars are conjoined together with the sustainability and nutrition, a desirable food system foundation is therefore achieved. With such food programs, they will mainly lead in making a multiple SDS (Sustainable Development Goals). Because of these to monitor and provide a desirable food system in any country, a Global Food System Index is crucial in tracking and monitoring progress. In the ultimate of the global food system, we address the six important dimensions by the GFSI which traces their progression. These critical dimensions are social sustainability, health and nutrition consumptions, environmental productivity, climate and ecological sustainability and market dynamics (Shown in Figure 1).
Therefore the ideal goal of a food system tries to effectively dialogue challenges to ecological and human welfare transversely in all of its phases. The dimension arrives from the theories and concepts involving food systems which will inform and guide the relevant managerial personnel in their decisions after the consideration of the report on the available data’s provided in concern of the behaviors portrayed by the target group like tourists in any environment when food is involved for life sustenance.
Global economic growth in investments, trade, food and Market Dynamic
Food system synthesis propels the global financial increase in investment, trade and food prices — they makeup all that happens and is the boundaries of the market dynamic as stated to be one of the critical dimensions guiding the food systems and its synthesis. To have a desirable food system, we require to have: an interaction in food supply chains which functions with all fundamental priors in the whole food system and also a well-operating trade and market dynamics (McCarthy, Lipper, & Branca, 2011). Using good trade and market strategies we can regulate and reduce the adverse effects caused by the market astonishment and hence drastically.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Bioversity International scientist Fabrice DeClerck presents on WLE's work in the Volta, Nile and Mekong basins, with a focus on ecosystem services and resilience. Found out more about WLE and Resilience: http://bit.ly/Q0hOtu
Similar to Assets for sss un day 24th october 2012 (20)
2. Our Team
Southampton (UK) (PI Poppy)
plus Dawson, Dundee)
Conservation International (USA)
(Co-PI Honzak)
Basque Centre for Climate Change (Spain)
(Co-PI Villa)
CIAT: International Centre for Tropical
Agriculture (Cali, Colombia) (Co-PI Jarvis)
plus Colombian research centres,
universities and NGOs
Chancellor College, Malawi, (Co-PI Chiota)
LEAD Africa plus Ministry of Forestry,
Forest Research Institute of Malawi and
Rhodes University South Africa
3. The pursuit of food security through increased agricultural production
(including through changes in land use, land cover and irrigation) is a
key driver of landscape change (UNEP, 2011). At the same time, food
security for many of the world’s rural poor is particularly dependent on
their being able to benefit from the flow of ecosystem services (ES) – the
benefits humans obtain from nature (MA, 2005).
4. The overarching goal is to explicitly quantify the
linkages between the natural ecosystem services
that affect – and are affected by – food security and
nutritional health for the rural poor at the forest-
agricultural interface
Photo by Erwin Palacios CI Colombia
6. Choice of Case studies-
cutting across two continents
Africa & Amazonia: different situations…… much in common
• Deforestation: Africa much more advanced
Amazonia in rapid transition due to a
range of drivers
• impacted by climate change and extreme weather events
• issues of extreme poverty, malnutrition and inequality
• Our workshops selected paired case study regions in Malawi
and Colombia- as the best locations to address our research
questions, but also because of links to partner organisations
already active locally
9. Participatory research
Aims:
– To understand links between ES and food security
– To derive non-monetary values for different ES
Well-being ranking of study communities
Focus groups (differentiated by social group) to:
– Understand local concepts of food (in)security
– Identify ES that contribute to food security at different
temporal and spatial scales
Seasonal calendars – seasonal coping strategies
Community timelines – inter-annual food security
Matrix scoring and ranking to prioritise the most important ES
for food security for different groups
Participatory economic valuation of some ES
14. The Food Estimation and Export for Diet and
Malnutrition Evaluation (FEEDME) Model
15. Measuring household poverty, food
security, and nutrition health
Aims:
Identify poverty status of households using
objective and subjective measures
(expenditure, subjective wealth, assets)
Measure food security and nutritional status
of under-five children in households across
the forest-agricultural gradient
Deeper understanding of coping
mechanisms
Disseminate to, and feedback from the local
community
16. ASSETS Research Themes
Theme 2
Crises and tipping points: Past, present and
http://blogs.reuters.com/p
future interactions between food insecurity
aerial-view-of-sumatra-
blog/2010/08/12/an-
hotographers-
and ES at the forest-agricultural interface
Coping strategies
Future scenarios
17. ARIES: summary
• A rapid spatial assessment tool for ecosystem
services and their values; not a single model but
an artificial intelligence assisted system that
customizes models to user goals.
• Demonstrates a mapping process for ecosystem
service provision, use, sink and flow while most ES
assessments only look at provision.
• Probabilistic, Bayesian models inform decision-
makers about the likelihood of possible scenarios;
users can explore effects of policy changes and
external events on estimates of uncertainty.
20. ASSETS Research Themes
Theme 3
The science-policy interface: How can we manage
ES to reduce food insecurity and increase
nutritional health?
Minimising risk of future environmental change
Influencing policy to better manage http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wor
ld/south_asia/7445570.stm
ES conflicts, trade-offs and
synergies to sustain food security
and health?
22. ASSETS: Science-Policy Interface
Map different factors affecting ES
Identify the factors with highest negative impact on ES (and which are more
relevant for food security and nutritional health)
Identify critical changes and tipping points that can accelerate the
degradation of key ecosystems (that can be addressed through timely policy
interventions)
Report on climate change impacts on ES provision, food security and
nutritional health
Report on current and future impact of land use change on sustainable
provision of ES and food security
Provide input for policies that can counterbalance the most urgent needs of
the population exerting pressure on ES
23.
24. Caqueta’s Development Plan
The project….
– funded by ESPA & implemented by CIPAV,
Conservation International, CIAT & partners
Hopes to…
– give key inputs to contribute to a better management of
Caquetá environmental resources and
– to improve the food security of its population.
More exactly…
– to analyze the links between ecosystem services that have a
predominant role in food security and nutritional health for the
rural poor
Scientific contributions are expected to serve as input for the
formulation of better policies for intervention, prioritization of
actions and management of regional and local authorities
25. Our consortium will undertake world class research on ecosystem services (ES) for poverty
alleviation at the forest-agricultural interface and deliver evidence from a range of sources
and in various formats to inform policy and promote behavioural change.
Photo by Erwin Palacios
CI Colombia
We hope to make a difference to the lives of 2 million poor people living in our case-study
regions – up to 550 million people living in similar environments around the world
26. Thank You - www.espa-assets.org
This presentation was produced by ASSETS (NE-J002267-1), funded with support from the Ecosystem Services for Poverty
Alleviation Programme (ESPA). The ESPA programme is funded by the Department for International Development (DFID),
the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), as part of the
UK’s Living with Environmental Change Programme (LWEC). The views expressed here are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent those of the funders, the ESPA Programme, the ESPA Directorate, or LWEC.
Editor's Notes
Source: Mathews Tsirizeni – LEAD Southern & Eastern Africa. Note – this slide has animation – the first picture shows flooding, the second the participatory GIS they have been doing to identify causes and solutions.
Source: Mathews Tsirizeni – LEAD Southern & Eastern Africa. Note – this slide has animation – the first picture shows flooding, the second the participatory GIS they have been doing to identify causes and solutions.
Source: Mathews Tsirizeni – LEAD Southern & Eastern Africa. Note – this slide has animation – the first picture shows flooding, the second the participatory GIS they have been doing to identify causes and solutions.
For each specific beneficiary we can quantify, fluxes are precise and spatial, so it is known how much of the service reaches each beneficiary, and the trajectories required for the service to flow. Point by point we can tell how much each beneficiary receives from which specific area and this has important implications for example in payments for ecosystem services. As an example the analysis allows to identify areas that are critical for the delivery of a given service. Critical areas of ES flow should be given the highest importance in planning conservation of biodiversity and ES.