RUNNING Head: IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEMS. 1
IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEMS 8
Impacts of Food Systems.
Students Name.
Institutional Affiliation.
Impacts on food systems.
Introduction
Sustainability in food systems entails the provision of the food security and nutrition which are essential to maintain and promote the living condition of the people under the earth (Ericksen, Ingram, & Liverman, 2009). The food system is according to the four pillar that defines its implication in any society. These four pillars are stability, availability, utilization and access. According to Food and Agriculture Organization, food security refers to “all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”(Source, FAO SOFI 2011).
When four pillars are conjoined together with the sustainability and nutrition, a desirable food system foundation is therefore achieved. With such food programs, they will mainly lead in making a multiple SDS (Sustainable Development Goals). Because of these to monitor and provide a desirable food system in any country, a Global Food System Index is crucial in tracking and monitoring progress. In the ultimate of the global food system, we address the six important dimensions by the GFSI which traces their progression. These critical dimensions are social sustainability, health and nutrition consumptions, environmental productivity, climate and ecological sustainability and market dynamics (Shown in Figure 1).
Therefore the ideal goal of a food system tries to effectively dialogue challenges to ecological and human welfare transversely in all of its phases. The dimension arrives from the theories and concepts involving food systems which will inform and guide the relevant managerial personnel in their decisions after the consideration of the report on the available data’s provided in concern of the behaviors portrayed by the target group like tourists in any environment when food is involved for life sustenance.
Global economic growth in investments, trade, food and Market Dynamic
Food system synthesis propels the global financial increase in investment, trade and food prices — they makeup all that happens and is the boundaries of the market dynamic as stated to be one of the critical dimensions guiding the food systems and its synthesis. To have a desirable food system, we require to have: an interaction in food supply chains which functions with all fundamental priors in the whole food system and also a well-operating trade and market dynamics (McCarthy, Lipper, & Branca, 2011). Using good trade and market strategies we can regulate and reduce the adverse effects caused by the market astonishment and hence drastically.
Food is life and the global food sustainability is essential to human being survival. The global food system is highly
complex and is driven by various factors including environment, cultural, social and economic drive. It is vital to understand
these drivers and their interaction in order to help to improve the public food sustainability policies. Global polices and projects
desperately required in order improving the global food sustainability. Food sustainability is one of the unsolved global issues
and great commitment is required starting from global policy makers, national governments, and every individual home. This
research paper includes analysis and study of various elements such as global change science, policy, food crisis, factor affecting
and challenging food security, data on status and future projection and potential ways of solving problems. The goal of food
sustainability is to enable all people throughout the world to satisfy their basic needs and have a reasonable quality of life without
compromising the quality of life of future generations. Agriculture sustainability is the best solution which can feed the world
without compromising the environment or threatening human health. Scientific evidence that global environment has changed
is overwhelming and indisputable. These phenomena have a direct impact on agriculture which in turn affects food
sustainability. The food price is always toward upward trend which is validated by the periodic average global food price
monitoring report released by the Food and agricultural organizations. The factors affecting and challenging the food security
are many including increased food consumption due to population increase, uneven distribution, changes in living styles, limited
resources, environmental problems, economic problems and others. The potential ways to solve food sustainability need to be
established and implemented effectively across the world.
Running head FOOD SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE 1 FOOD SECUR.docxjeanettehully
Running head: FOOD SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE 1
FOOD SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE 6
How To Achieve Food Security In The Face Of Climate Change
The state of food security in the world right now is wanting, and the rate at which the globe is experiencing climate change is inexplicable. According to a research carried out by the World Food Program and the World Health Organization, the number of chronically malnourished people in the world is estimated to have increased drastically in the year 2016 to 815 million from 777 million in 2015. However, over the last few years, progress has been made; the number of malnourished people in the year 2000 was approximately 900 million. Nevertheless, ensuring food security has become an issue in our communities due to the many changes experienced daily. Subsistence farmers, in particular, are experiencing a lot of constraints, such as unfavorable bio-physical conditions and limited arable land (Rasul et al., 2014). Furthermore, the consequent reduced agricultural production has affected food security and changed the overall vulnerability of many people around the world (Hussain et al., 2016). They have become more dependent on genetically modified foods which can be bad for their health at times. Now, there exist ways in which people can achieve food security in the face of climate change. According to a commission of agriculture formed in the year 2000 to investigate the issue of food security and climate change, several strategies and approaches can be put in place to improve on the food situation across the world. I believe these methods would best help achieve food security in the face of climate change.
The Commission suggested that world leaders should integrate sustainable agriculture and food security into national and global policies (Beddington et al., 2012). One way in which this can be done is for governments to make sustainable climate-friendly agriculture central to green growth. According to research, governments should support financial commitments for regional programs to improve food systems and agriculture. This strategy should include specific research on alternative agricultural practices and an enhanced capacity to speed up transitions between establishment phases and the study.
Similarly, governments should find a way to finance strategies that support viable agricultural production systems that are not prone to damage during weather changes. In other words, they can develop mitigation and adaptation strategies and implement agrarian programs. Also, governments can include researchers who can come up with ways in which agricultural sectors can benefit from sustainable farming practices. Global donors can also play a key role. They can identify finance mechanisms that can be used to sustain various systems and interventions that build on the enormous potential synergies between climate change and agriculture. In simple terms, when world leaders prioritize food security as a re ...
A WFP and ODI joint report showing food security risks in the Middle East and North Africa from climate change, as well as other vulnerability interactions, e.g. with population growth, urbanisation, and conflict.
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
Food is life and the global food sustainability is essential to human being survival. The global food system is highly
complex and is driven by various factors including environment, cultural, social and economic drive. It is vital to understand
these drivers and their interaction in order to help to improve the public food sustainability policies. Global polices and projects
desperately required in order improving the global food sustainability. Food sustainability is one of the unsolved global issues
and great commitment is required starting from global policy makers, national governments, and every individual home. This
research paper includes analysis and study of various elements such as global change science, policy, food crisis, factor affecting
and challenging food security, data on status and future projection and potential ways of solving problems. The goal of food
sustainability is to enable all people throughout the world to satisfy their basic needs and have a reasonable quality of life without
compromising the quality of life of future generations. Agriculture sustainability is the best solution which can feed the world
without compromising the environment or threatening human health. Scientific evidence that global environment has changed
is overwhelming and indisputable. These phenomena have a direct impact on agriculture which in turn affects food
sustainability. The food price is always toward upward trend which is validated by the periodic average global food price
monitoring report released by the Food and agricultural organizations. The factors affecting and challenging the food security
are many including increased food consumption due to population increase, uneven distribution, changes in living styles, limited
resources, environmental problems, economic problems and others. The potential ways to solve food sustainability need to be
established and implemented effectively across the world.
Running head FOOD SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE 1 FOOD SECUR.docxjeanettehully
Running head: FOOD SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE 1
FOOD SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE 6
How To Achieve Food Security In The Face Of Climate Change
The state of food security in the world right now is wanting, and the rate at which the globe is experiencing climate change is inexplicable. According to a research carried out by the World Food Program and the World Health Organization, the number of chronically malnourished people in the world is estimated to have increased drastically in the year 2016 to 815 million from 777 million in 2015. However, over the last few years, progress has been made; the number of malnourished people in the year 2000 was approximately 900 million. Nevertheless, ensuring food security has become an issue in our communities due to the many changes experienced daily. Subsistence farmers, in particular, are experiencing a lot of constraints, such as unfavorable bio-physical conditions and limited arable land (Rasul et al., 2014). Furthermore, the consequent reduced agricultural production has affected food security and changed the overall vulnerability of many people around the world (Hussain et al., 2016). They have become more dependent on genetically modified foods which can be bad for their health at times. Now, there exist ways in which people can achieve food security in the face of climate change. According to a commission of agriculture formed in the year 2000 to investigate the issue of food security and climate change, several strategies and approaches can be put in place to improve on the food situation across the world. I believe these methods would best help achieve food security in the face of climate change.
The Commission suggested that world leaders should integrate sustainable agriculture and food security into national and global policies (Beddington et al., 2012). One way in which this can be done is for governments to make sustainable climate-friendly agriculture central to green growth. According to research, governments should support financial commitments for regional programs to improve food systems and agriculture. This strategy should include specific research on alternative agricultural practices and an enhanced capacity to speed up transitions between establishment phases and the study.
Similarly, governments should find a way to finance strategies that support viable agricultural production systems that are not prone to damage during weather changes. In other words, they can develop mitigation and adaptation strategies and implement agrarian programs. Also, governments can include researchers who can come up with ways in which agricultural sectors can benefit from sustainable farming practices. Global donors can also play a key role. They can identify finance mechanisms that can be used to sustain various systems and interventions that build on the enormous potential synergies between climate change and agriculture. In simple terms, when world leaders prioritize food security as a re ...
A WFP and ODI joint report showing food security risks in the Middle East and North Africa from climate change, as well as other vulnerability interactions, e.g. with population growth, urbanisation, and conflict.
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
Deadly diets geographical reflections on the global food.docxpoulterbarbara
Deadly diets: geographical reflections on the global food system
Author(s): E. M. Young
Source: Geography, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 60-69
Published by: Geographical Association
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20789350
Accessed: 07-05-2020 19:54 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geographical Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access
to Geography
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.116 on Thu, 07 May 2020 19:54:45 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geography Vol 95 Part 2 Summer 2010 @ Geography 2010
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
E.M. Young
ABSTRACT: This article considers the contemporary
food system and suggests that it is deadly in several
respects. The most blatant failure of the current
system is that it fails to feed approximately one
billion people adequately each year yet manages to
overfeed approximately 800 million people
worldwide. This binare contradiction, or 'Our Big Fat
Contradiction' (Patel, 2007, p. 1), is detailed at the
outset The system also fails to protect the
environment upon which we all depend for
sustainable food production; the second deadly
drawback the article considers. The final deadly
trend lies at the production and distribution end of
the food chain. Here power is being concentrated,
poor people are being marginalised and choice is
being eroded.
A?er detailing the most glaring problems the article
examines how the food system is organised, and
what ideologies and structures help sustain and
promote its diffusion across the globe. The core
question is, given its multiple failings, why is the
contemporary system of food production not
challenged more successfully and changed? The
answer points to the powerful vested interests that
profit from its operations, a few of which are also
considered. The article concludes that the system is
ethically suspect and unsustainable, and closes with
an evaluation of the efforts made by various
individuals and communities to implement a more
enlightened food system.
Introduction
and perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly
bad for us, even dangerous' (Walsh, 2009, p. 1).
In August 2009, Time magazine, not noted for
its radical politics or environmentalism, ran a
cover story about the problems associated with
the global food system. In recent years, popular
and academic boo.
Deadly diets geographical reflections on the global food.docxgertrudebellgrove
Deadly diets: geographical reflections on the global food system
Author(s): E. M. Young
Source: Geography, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 60-69
Published by: Geographical Association
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20789350
Accessed: 07-05-2020 19:54 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geographical Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access
to Geography
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.116 on Thu, 07 May 2020 19:54:45 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geography Vol 95 Part 2 Summer 2010 @ Geography 2010
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
E.M. Young
ABSTRACT: This article considers the contemporary
food system and suggests that it is deadly in several
respects. The most blatant failure of the current
system is that it fails to feed approximately one
billion people adequately each year yet manages to
overfeed approximately 800 million people
worldwide. This binare contradiction, or 'Our Big Fat
Contradiction' (Patel, 2007, p. 1), is detailed at the
outset The system also fails to protect the
environment upon which we all depend for
sustainable food production; the second deadly
drawback the article considers. The final deadly
trend lies at the production and distribution end of
the food chain. Here power is being concentrated,
poor people are being marginalised and choice is
being eroded.
A?er detailing the most glaring problems the article
examines how the food system is organised, and
what ideologies and structures help sustain and
promote its diffusion across the globe. The core
question is, given its multiple failings, why is the
contemporary system of food production not
challenged more successfully and changed? The
answer points to the powerful vested interests that
profit from its operations, a few of which are also
considered. The article concludes that the system is
ethically suspect and unsustainable, and closes with
an evaluation of the efforts made by various
individuals and communities to implement a more
enlightened food system.
Introduction
and perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly
bad for us, even dangerous' (Walsh, 2009, p. 1).
In August 2009, Time magazine, not noted for
its radical politics or environmentalism, ran a
cover story about the problems associated with
the global food system. In recent years, popular
and academic boo.
Agroecological Transformations: Background and RationaleICCASA
Presented by Martin Oulu, Ph.D at the ISFAA SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON AGROECOLOGY AND AGROBIODIVERSITY INTEGRATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA.
Canadian experiences in sustainability in agriculture and climate change Premier Publishers
Agriculture has changed dramatically, with food and fiber productivity soaring due to new technologies, specialization and government policies. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labor demands to produce the majority of the food. It is in this context that the concept of “sustainable agriculture” has come into existence. The severity of climate change has motivated strong scientific inquiry within the past decade. These mysteries have largely to do with the unpredictability of climate change, which varies widely across the globe. Many scientists argue that climate impacts are best understood on a regional scale. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to assess regional impacts of climate change due to various reasons. The tools at the disposal of those interested in building up resilience to climate change are therefore often limited, but some degree of speculation can be achieved through research. This paper aims to: investigate the potential impacts of climate change on Canadian agriculture, and assess the possible effects of these changes on the prevalence of sustainable agriculture. The paper concludes that while few predictions have been made on the specific impacts of climate change on sustainable agriculture, possible scenarios can be speculated based on the multitude of climate change studies.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Global food production and consumption have witnessed significant changes in the past five decades. Paying attention to rising crop yields and enhancing cultivation practices have brought about enhanced life expectancy, reduced rates of infant and child mortality, and reduced world poverty (Whitmee et al. 2015; Steffen et al. 2015; Willett et al. 2019). However, these health-related advantages are being jeopardized by global shifts toward unhealthy diets mostly in the developed countries and carbohydrate dense foods in the developing countries (Global Panel 2016; IFPRI 2017). These dietary shifts are partly caused by increasing urbanization, rise in incomes, and inadequate or lack of access to nutritious and healthy foods. Movement toward unhealthy diets increases the burden of obesity and diet-related NCDs coupled with imparting the environment negatively (Tilman and Clark 2014; Springmann et al. 2016; Willett et al. 2019). With increased growth and progress in food industry, food systems are becoming more complex with possible adverse effects on human health and nutrition especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) already faced with chronic hunger and multiple forms of malnutrition (Global Panel 2016; HLPE 2017; Otekunrin et al. 2019a, b, c; Otekunrin et al. 2020c; Global Nutrition Report 2020). Sustainable food systems will lead to sustainable healthy diets.
Food planet health Fabrice DeClerck CLUES 2020Alain Vidal
Conference given at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 24 November 2020 as part of Master CLUES (Sequence "Everyone Eating Well within Environmental Limits")
Future of food - An initial perspective by Prof. Wayne Bryden, Foundation C...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of food by Prof. Wayne Bryden, Foundation Chair in Animal Science at the University of Queensland. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Running head MARKETING ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENTS .docxwlynn1
Running head: MARKETING ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENTS 1
MARKETING ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENTS 6
Researching Marketing Questions
MKT/571
Melissa Simmons
Roberto Ancis
Part 1: Memorandum
TO: Senior Vice President (Marketing)
FROM: Jacob Glenns
DATE: August 19, 2018
SUBJECT: Marketing Analysis
Summary Analysis
This analysis of the market report that was presented the market analyst provides detailed insights from the data that may help in formulating an effective marketing strategy. The key information include: revenue performance for the first half between 2015 and 2016 and revenue trends over the same period. This information help in deciding whether to the organization should continue with its growth strategy or to reverse the decline.
Revenue Analysis
Analysis of the company’s semiannual performance- between January and June- indicates that there was an increase of 10.18 percent in the generated revenues per day from 96,000 dollars to 105,768 dollars in 2015 and 2016 respectively. The revenues per day, domestic market, were 93,683 dollars and 85,181 dollars in 2016 and 2015 respectively, over the same period. Overall, the semiannual revenue for the year 2016 was 13,644,073 dollars with the United States market contributing 12,085,137 dollars, which is approximately 88.6 percent of the semiannual revenue. The international market contributed 1,558,936 dollars, which is 11.4 percent of the total revenue. The average gross profit per day was 8.3 percent for the six months between January and June, 2016. For the three months of April, May and June, 2016 the total revenue was 7,024,096 dollars with the domestic market contributing 6,145,978 dollars and the international market contributing 878,119 dollars. The gross profit was 6.5 percent.
Revenue Trends
With regards to customer class, commercial customers contributed 7,195,592 dollars in the six months of January to June, 2016. The revenue per day was 55,780 dollars, an increase of 5,008 dollars compared to 50,772 dollars realized over the same period in 2015. At the second place was the municipal segment with 1,634,643 dollars. The revenue per day for the first six months was 12,672 in 2016 compared to 12,034 in 2015. The international market segment contributed 1,535,905 dollars and the revenue per day was 11,906 dollars and 11,700 dollars in 2016 and 2015 respectively. The other important segments- resellers, industrial labs, government, resell, education and others- also registered increments in the revenue per day for the first 6 months between 2015 and 2016. The revenue trend for the second quarter (between April and May) illustrate that commercial market contributed 1,130,973 dollars which is 50 percent of the total revenue from the customer class segment. The international market contributed 323,990 follo.
Running head MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE1MANAGING A DIVERSE.docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 1
MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 6
Managing a diverse workforce
Name
Institutional affiliation
What does it mean to be an effective manager in a diverse workforce?
According to Chip Conley, the workforce diversity is characterized of gender, ethnicity and age; which needs a much keener attention. He points out that an effective manager should realize that age diversity makes a company stronger and that different generations within a workplace should focus on mentoring one another at work. He emphasizes on the need to allow openness with one another so that wisdom; knowledge, experience and skills from the young to the old and vice versa. According to Chip Conley, the current 60s is the new 40s and that the current 30s is the new 50s; a key note to take on how effective relationship in a workplace could enrichen a company with greater shared wisdom and skills. Every manager need to relate such knowledge in ensuring effective making of modern elders from the millennials.
According to Chip, an effective manager should establish a learning environment for the boomers and the millennials. Each generation should see the other as assets from which they can derive wisdom. Moreover, Chip calls for both the millennials and the boomers to fix their ego, perhaps so that they can enhance their relationship and get to learn from one another. He calls for the need of the managers to enhance a growth mindset in a workplace and the need for the employees to be curious of getting to know what the other generation can offer, and trying to oneself. Chip states that “Curiosity is the elixir for life”
Working on the psychological empowerment of specifics groups and ensuring mental flexibility is very important for various generations to work coherently effectively. Additionally, a manager in charge of a diverse workforce should ensure that the differences existing between the BB and X generations, and the Y and Z generations should be harmonized so that they do not tamper with the achievement of the organizations set goals and objectives (Toro, Labrador-Fernández & De Nicolas, 2019).
Maintaining a positive working environment helps in enhancing the performance of a diverse workforce. Looking at the small business managers, workforce diversity can be well managed if the owner’s manager supports the existing generational interconnections and the variations as a result of the general difference defining these groups by valuing their differences and the similarities. An effective manager is therefore required to cause a diversity openness among the workforce. Such ensure the performance at all levels, i.e. both the organizational and individual. A manager should, therefore, have the ability to effectively enforce the eradication of the internal communication barriers existing as a result generational, racial, gender, ethnic, age, personality tenure, cognitive style, education among other dissimilarities .
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Deadly diets geographical reflections on the global food.docxpoulterbarbara
Deadly diets: geographical reflections on the global food system
Author(s): E. M. Young
Source: Geography, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 60-69
Published by: Geographical Association
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20789350
Accessed: 07-05-2020 19:54 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geographical Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access
to Geography
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.116 on Thu, 07 May 2020 19:54:45 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geography Vol 95 Part 2 Summer 2010 @ Geography 2010
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
E.M. Young
ABSTRACT: This article considers the contemporary
food system and suggests that it is deadly in several
respects. The most blatant failure of the current
system is that it fails to feed approximately one
billion people adequately each year yet manages to
overfeed approximately 800 million people
worldwide. This binare contradiction, or 'Our Big Fat
Contradiction' (Patel, 2007, p. 1), is detailed at the
outset The system also fails to protect the
environment upon which we all depend for
sustainable food production; the second deadly
drawback the article considers. The final deadly
trend lies at the production and distribution end of
the food chain. Here power is being concentrated,
poor people are being marginalised and choice is
being eroded.
A?er detailing the most glaring problems the article
examines how the food system is organised, and
what ideologies and structures help sustain and
promote its diffusion across the globe. The core
question is, given its multiple failings, why is the
contemporary system of food production not
challenged more successfully and changed? The
answer points to the powerful vested interests that
profit from its operations, a few of which are also
considered. The article concludes that the system is
ethically suspect and unsustainable, and closes with
an evaluation of the efforts made by various
individuals and communities to implement a more
enlightened food system.
Introduction
and perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly
bad for us, even dangerous' (Walsh, 2009, p. 1).
In August 2009, Time magazine, not noted for
its radical politics or environmentalism, ran a
cover story about the problems associated with
the global food system. In recent years, popular
and academic boo.
Deadly diets geographical reflections on the global food.docxgertrudebellgrove
Deadly diets: geographical reflections on the global food system
Author(s): E. M. Young
Source: Geography, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 60-69
Published by: Geographical Association
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20789350
Accessed: 07-05-2020 19:54 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geographical Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access
to Geography
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.116 on Thu, 07 May 2020 19:54:45 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
Geography Vol 95 Part 2 Summer 2010 @ Geography 2010
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
Deadly diets:
geographical
reflections on
the global food
system
E.M. Young
ABSTRACT: This article considers the contemporary
food system and suggests that it is deadly in several
respects. The most blatant failure of the current
system is that it fails to feed approximately one
billion people adequately each year yet manages to
overfeed approximately 800 million people
worldwide. This binare contradiction, or 'Our Big Fat
Contradiction' (Patel, 2007, p. 1), is detailed at the
outset The system also fails to protect the
environment upon which we all depend for
sustainable food production; the second deadly
drawback the article considers. The final deadly
trend lies at the production and distribution end of
the food chain. Here power is being concentrated,
poor people are being marginalised and choice is
being eroded.
A?er detailing the most glaring problems the article
examines how the food system is organised, and
what ideologies and structures help sustain and
promote its diffusion across the globe. The core
question is, given its multiple failings, why is the
contemporary system of food production not
challenged more successfully and changed? The
answer points to the powerful vested interests that
profit from its operations, a few of which are also
considered. The article concludes that the system is
ethically suspect and unsustainable, and closes with
an evaluation of the efforts made by various
individuals and communities to implement a more
enlightened food system.
Introduction
and perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly
bad for us, even dangerous' (Walsh, 2009, p. 1).
In August 2009, Time magazine, not noted for
its radical politics or environmentalism, ran a
cover story about the problems associated with
the global food system. In recent years, popular
and academic boo.
Agroecological Transformations: Background and RationaleICCASA
Presented by Martin Oulu, Ph.D at the ISFAA SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON AGROECOLOGY AND AGROBIODIVERSITY INTEGRATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA.
Canadian experiences in sustainability in agriculture and climate change Premier Publishers
Agriculture has changed dramatically, with food and fiber productivity soaring due to new technologies, specialization and government policies. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labor demands to produce the majority of the food. It is in this context that the concept of “sustainable agriculture” has come into existence. The severity of climate change has motivated strong scientific inquiry within the past decade. These mysteries have largely to do with the unpredictability of climate change, which varies widely across the globe. Many scientists argue that climate impacts are best understood on a regional scale. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to assess regional impacts of climate change due to various reasons. The tools at the disposal of those interested in building up resilience to climate change are therefore often limited, but some degree of speculation can be achieved through research. This paper aims to: investigate the potential impacts of climate change on Canadian agriculture, and assess the possible effects of these changes on the prevalence of sustainable agriculture. The paper concludes that while few predictions have been made on the specific impacts of climate change on sustainable agriculture, possible scenarios can be speculated based on the multitude of climate change studies.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Global food production and consumption have witnessed significant changes in the past five decades. Paying attention to rising crop yields and enhancing cultivation practices have brought about enhanced life expectancy, reduced rates of infant and child mortality, and reduced world poverty (Whitmee et al. 2015; Steffen et al. 2015; Willett et al. 2019). However, these health-related advantages are being jeopardized by global shifts toward unhealthy diets mostly in the developed countries and carbohydrate dense foods in the developing countries (Global Panel 2016; IFPRI 2017). These dietary shifts are partly caused by increasing urbanization, rise in incomes, and inadequate or lack of access to nutritious and healthy foods. Movement toward unhealthy diets increases the burden of obesity and diet-related NCDs coupled with imparting the environment negatively (Tilman and Clark 2014; Springmann et al. 2016; Willett et al. 2019). With increased growth and progress in food industry, food systems are becoming more complex with possible adverse effects on human health and nutrition especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) already faced with chronic hunger and multiple forms of malnutrition (Global Panel 2016; HLPE 2017; Otekunrin et al. 2019a, b, c; Otekunrin et al. 2020c; Global Nutrition Report 2020). Sustainable food systems will lead to sustainable healthy diets.
Food planet health Fabrice DeClerck CLUES 2020Alain Vidal
Conference given at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 24 November 2020 as part of Master CLUES (Sequence "Everyone Eating Well within Environmental Limits")
Future of food - An initial perspective by Prof. Wayne Bryden, Foundation C...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of food by Prof. Wayne Bryden, Foundation Chair in Animal Science at the University of Queensland. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Similar to RUNNING Head IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEMS. .docx (20)
Running head MARKETING ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENTS .docxwlynn1
Running head: MARKETING ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENTS 1
MARKETING ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENTS 6
Researching Marketing Questions
MKT/571
Melissa Simmons
Roberto Ancis
Part 1: Memorandum
TO: Senior Vice President (Marketing)
FROM: Jacob Glenns
DATE: August 19, 2018
SUBJECT: Marketing Analysis
Summary Analysis
This analysis of the market report that was presented the market analyst provides detailed insights from the data that may help in formulating an effective marketing strategy. The key information include: revenue performance for the first half between 2015 and 2016 and revenue trends over the same period. This information help in deciding whether to the organization should continue with its growth strategy or to reverse the decline.
Revenue Analysis
Analysis of the company’s semiannual performance- between January and June- indicates that there was an increase of 10.18 percent in the generated revenues per day from 96,000 dollars to 105,768 dollars in 2015 and 2016 respectively. The revenues per day, domestic market, were 93,683 dollars and 85,181 dollars in 2016 and 2015 respectively, over the same period. Overall, the semiannual revenue for the year 2016 was 13,644,073 dollars with the United States market contributing 12,085,137 dollars, which is approximately 88.6 percent of the semiannual revenue. The international market contributed 1,558,936 dollars, which is 11.4 percent of the total revenue. The average gross profit per day was 8.3 percent for the six months between January and June, 2016. For the three months of April, May and June, 2016 the total revenue was 7,024,096 dollars with the domestic market contributing 6,145,978 dollars and the international market contributing 878,119 dollars. The gross profit was 6.5 percent.
Revenue Trends
With regards to customer class, commercial customers contributed 7,195,592 dollars in the six months of January to June, 2016. The revenue per day was 55,780 dollars, an increase of 5,008 dollars compared to 50,772 dollars realized over the same period in 2015. At the second place was the municipal segment with 1,634,643 dollars. The revenue per day for the first six months was 12,672 in 2016 compared to 12,034 in 2015. The international market segment contributed 1,535,905 dollars and the revenue per day was 11,906 dollars and 11,700 dollars in 2016 and 2015 respectively. The other important segments- resellers, industrial labs, government, resell, education and others- also registered increments in the revenue per day for the first 6 months between 2015 and 2016. The revenue trend for the second quarter (between April and May) illustrate that commercial market contributed 1,130,973 dollars which is 50 percent of the total revenue from the customer class segment. The international market contributed 323,990 follo.
Running head MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE1MANAGING A DIVERSE.docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 1
MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 6
Managing a diverse workforce
Name
Institutional affiliation
What does it mean to be an effective manager in a diverse workforce?
According to Chip Conley, the workforce diversity is characterized of gender, ethnicity and age; which needs a much keener attention. He points out that an effective manager should realize that age diversity makes a company stronger and that different generations within a workplace should focus on mentoring one another at work. He emphasizes on the need to allow openness with one another so that wisdom; knowledge, experience and skills from the young to the old and vice versa. According to Chip Conley, the current 60s is the new 40s and that the current 30s is the new 50s; a key note to take on how effective relationship in a workplace could enrichen a company with greater shared wisdom and skills. Every manager need to relate such knowledge in ensuring effective making of modern elders from the millennials.
According to Chip, an effective manager should establish a learning environment for the boomers and the millennials. Each generation should see the other as assets from which they can derive wisdom. Moreover, Chip calls for both the millennials and the boomers to fix their ego, perhaps so that they can enhance their relationship and get to learn from one another. He calls for the need of the managers to enhance a growth mindset in a workplace and the need for the employees to be curious of getting to know what the other generation can offer, and trying to oneself. Chip states that “Curiosity is the elixir for life”
Working on the psychological empowerment of specifics groups and ensuring mental flexibility is very important for various generations to work coherently effectively. Additionally, a manager in charge of a diverse workforce should ensure that the differences existing between the BB and X generations, and the Y and Z generations should be harmonized so that they do not tamper with the achievement of the organizations set goals and objectives (Toro, Labrador-Fernández & De Nicolas, 2019).
Maintaining a positive working environment helps in enhancing the performance of a diverse workforce. Looking at the small business managers, workforce diversity can be well managed if the owner’s manager supports the existing generational interconnections and the variations as a result of the general difference defining these groups by valuing their differences and the similarities. An effective manager is therefore required to cause a diversity openness among the workforce. Such ensure the performance at all levels, i.e. both the organizational and individual. A manager should, therefore, have the ability to effectively enforce the eradication of the internal communication barriers existing as a result generational, racial, gender, ethnic, age, personality tenure, cognitive style, education among other dissimilarities .
Running head MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL BUS.docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 1
Managing Technological Innovation in Digital Business Environments
Yolanda McNeil
ENGL 602 Field Project: Final Product
Liberty University
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 2
Introduction
Background of the Research
Innovation plays a critical role in assisting businesses to sustain and grow their market
shares. It takes place in dissimilar functions and parts of the business and it is significant to
understand the best way to create and manage it effectively. Digital technologies have been
regularly used in business and this has led to digitized workplaces that demand the need to invent
to remain at the top in the market (Kay & Willman, 2018). Digitizing places of work has played
a key role in changing the way business is usually managed and this has similarly affected how
innovation must be managed and embraced in such a novel business atmosphere. Therefore, the
best way to understand technological innovation in the digital business atmosphere is the need to
understand how technology has been shaping the business world.
The reason for choosing technological innovation in digital business environments is that
business owners play a critical role in the identification and application of new technologies. By
investing in initiatives that permit them to deliver efficient and effective services and products,
they discover innovative solutions to complex challenges (Camisón & Villar-López, 2014).
Successful technological innovation needs collaboration, expert project management, planning,
and execution. Worldwide competition and rigorous demand to bring commodities to market
very fast affect decisions.
Research Purpose
1
2
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:07:25-08:00
This wording seems a bit circular: "the best way to understand...is the need to understand." Is there a clearer way you could state this?
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:09:33-08:00
Even without the word "I," you're indirectly referring to yourself here, which isn't necessary in this paper. You don't need to explain why you chose your topic; instead, you should explain why the topic is important in the field (which is exactly what you did in this sentence--you just need to frame it differently).
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 3
The purpose of this research is to explore the role and importance of managing
technological innovation in the digital business environment. Technological innovation strategies
that a firm pursues can either break or make the company. The current business landscape is
increasingly multifaceted. For an organization to succeed in the modern business environment, it
is critical that it adopts digital innovation which can assist to attain its goals and remain at the top
in the competition (Camisón & Villar-Lóp.
Running head MANAGERIAL REPORT FOR SUPERVISING MANAGER 1MAN.docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGERIAL REPORT FOR SUPERVISING MANAGER
1
MANAGERIAL REPORT FOR SUPERVISING MANAGER
7
Managerial Report
HMGT 300 6380 Introduction to the U.S Health Care Sector 2205
Taneshia Davis
UMGC
Professor: Todd Price
May 31, 2020
Manager's Name and Role:
Name: The patient experience-supervising manager is Mr. Aleo Brandford
Roles:
The supervising manager ensures that all patients are fully engaged in inpatient experience activities under the supervision of highly experienced healthcare professionals. The manager also ensures that all healthcare professionals are compliant with policies, rules, and regulations that govern patients, healthcare practice, healthcare organizations, government, and the corporate world. Moreover, the supervisor conducts monitoring and evaluation of the healthcare providers to ensure they are delivering high-quality services within the set time. The manager also monitors and evaluates the healthcare systems in the organization to ensure that they are affirmative to rules, policies, and standards set for healthcare service facilities and providers as a to deliver satisfactory high-quality services. The manager, together with respective departments and personnel, initiates, improves, and implements patient experience programs that equip personnel with relevant patient experience skills, knowledge, and competencies necessary for satisfactory healthcare service provision. One other key role of the manager is the contact point for all inquiries, explanations, experiences, and feedbacks associated with patients and the healthcare facility.
Healthcare Setting:
The Minnesota Healthcare Facility is a county facility that offers preventive and curative healthcare services for in- and out-patients. It serves the entire region with all healthcare needs. It has both children and adults wings with fully functional departments and equipment. It is the only healthcare facility in rural with a population capacity of 200 per day. It is well equipped with childbirth and immunization facilities and serves the general public healthcare needs.
Managerial Issue:
Determining MeaslesSpread Rate
The manager needs to task-relevant departments to collect patient and exposed children information from children's care centers, schools, attendance lists, and health facilities. The information will help determine the rate of immunization, the number of patients, and approximate exposed children and other adults. The number of children vaccinated against measles, 21 days before its eruption should be identified from the Immunization Information System of Minnesota, and facility children's care center information System. The challenge will be on the follow up of the exposed children and administering necessary interventions. This is necessary for checking further spread of the disease in the community (Hall et al., 2017).
Impact & Details: Restrict Public Gathering
To restrict the mingling of children in healthcare faciliti.
Running head MANAGING DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS FINAL .docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGING DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS FINAL
1
MANAGING DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS FINAL
2
Managing Dynamic Environments Final
Managing Dynamic Environments Final
Introduction
The for-profit organization which will be analyzed in this report is a famous casual dining restaurant and bar called Buffalo Wild Wings Restaurant and Sports Bar. This is an international organization which has various outlets in different parts of the world such as in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Panama, India, and the Philippines among other countries. The reason why Buffalo Wild Wings is the target organization for this report is that it recently received a new president, Lyle Tick, who set an objective to improve the brand image of the restaurant so that it can attract more customers (Romeo, 2018). Due to this, the organization is undertaking some changes in its marketing which is an important component of the internal operations of the business. The change of focus is implementing a social media marketing campaign to increase the number of new customers for the restaurant. This report will evaluate different factors, positive and negative issues, and challenges, which can affect the change process as well as analyze different concepts which can be used to improve change management and change process so as to result to the desired outcomes.
Identify the role of strategic renewal in propelling change.
Strategic renewal is important in creating change interventions which will impact the team members and the organization positively. This is an important process which helps change managers to evaluate the existing progress of the change process and focus on how to improve the change process so that the desired outcome may be achieved. One of the roles of strategic renewal in propelling change is by revisiting and improving the change strategies. Strategic renewal ensures that the organization is able to develop a strategic game plan which will be used to promote different growth objectives during change management. This enhances change since the organization is able to focus on having a competitive advantage against other competitors and satisfying the customers’ needs to the best of its abilities. In the case of Buffalo Wild Wing Restaurant, it focused on adopting new growth objective which aimed at attracting more millennial customers to ensure it increases the size of the target market for the restaurant.
Strategic renewal helps in concentrating all the efforts in brainstorming and identification of solutions to challenges which may impact the change action plan. The organization and its employees are able to focus on finding different approaches which can be used to improve the experience resulting from the change process. This pushes change since the organization is able to avoid certain pitfalls which the organizations would have experienced. This aspect has been achieved by Buffalo Wild Wings Restaurant whereby the organization.
Running head MANAGING DONUT FRANCHISES1MANAGING DONUT FRANCHIS.docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGING DONUT FRANCHISES 1
MANAGING DONUT FRANCHISES 2
Managing Donuts
Joyce Crow
Ashford University
MGT 330 Management for Organization
Jill Heaney
May 10, 2020
District Manager of Five Dunkin’ Donut Franchises
Introduction
As the new District Manager, I intend to build and structure the foundation of workers for all the five Dunkin' Donuts establishments. My goal is to increase the fiscal profits for every unit to establish extra legacies to the company's brand. The paper analyzes the following categories of Dunkin' Donuts: job design including job analysis, job description and job specification, and organizational design. Workers job designs will be assessed with the use of a divisional structure for Bakers, Crewmembers, and managers. Inside of Dunkin' Donuts will be analyzed to decide the needs for recruiting and selecting applicants. Also, the essay discusses the training and performance appraisals for the value of significance to the franchise.
Job Design
Job design refers to the process of organizing duties and roles into a productive unit of work. The job design will include job analysis, job description and job specification. Job design occurs when managers decide the duties to be completed, the people who will do them and the selection approach to be adopted in choosing workers (Reilly, Minnick, & Baack, 2011). Below, I have used job analysis, job description, and job specification to discuss the job design of the five new establishments.
Job Analysis
The process of assigning tasks will be undertaken by the HR department and the departmental managers. I will be adapting the extermination model of job analysis. Every branch will have 5 to 8 workers per shift, with one being a manager, one may be a shift leader and the rest will include crewmembers and bakers. They will be in charge of food handling, housekeeping and sales. Each worker's qualification will include preparing donuts, coffee, frozen meals, and working on the cash register.
Job Description
For job descriptions, the current Dunkin' Donuts models will be appropriate for the Crewmembers, Bakers, and Management (https://www.peopleanswers.com/pa/testSplashPageEntry.do?splashURL=portalDunkinDonuts1&src=825452). Most roles at the organization are entry-level positions, which need filling customer orders through preparing drinks and baked food. Applicants will need to show their readiness to take directions and interact with the clients regularly.
Job Specification
Bakers, Crewmembers, and Shift Leaders – These are the entry-level spots that will need minimal requirements. Basic requirements include at least a High School Diploma (GED or equivalent), inclination to take direction and intermingle with clients, and interpersonal working capabilities. These roles are trainable on the job. The position of shift leader will be achievable by an existing baker or crewmember .
Running head MANAGEMENT DILEMMAS1MANAGEMENT DILEMMAS6.docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGEMENT DILEMMAS 1
MANAGEMENT DILEMMAS 6
Management Dilemmas
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Management Dilemmas
Part I: Research Questions
1. Should student athletes receive a stipend by the universities as reimbursement for participating in sports? Are there policies under the ISSF that guide on how best students should be compensated for their participation in different sports?
2. What challenges do coaches face in managing their respective teams? Is there an approved ISSF standard management structure that would allow coaches to participate and interact more with their players such that they are not only constrained to their managerial duties?
Part II: Research Topic
Problem Statement
Professional athletes earn large sums of money, though considered unethical; due to the fact that most of the times these athletes are students who are “exploited”. The estimated value rose through college athletics is considered to be roughly more than a billion dollars yearly, with this revenue being generated from an estimated 25 football schools and 64 basketball schools respectively (Brown & Williams, 2019). The concern raised is that the students do not get to see the money earned; but instead are offered athletic scholarships, allowing them to get free college education. The concerning factor is that most students use this opportunity as a chance to qualify for professional leagues, without considering the beneficial factors that their education offers. They are continuously to sacrifice their class and study hours such that they can practice and travel for their sports (Brown & Williams, 2019). Even though a scholarship seems like a good deal for some of these college athletes, what criteria is used to reward those athletes who are often viewed as celebrities and exploited for their affiliation with different institution to earn money for them?
Quite often, managers are faced with the dilemma of relating with their athletes mainly because they are absorbed in managerial duties that limit their interactions with their players. As a result, the element of teamwork is ignored and disregarded, leading to lack of communication, lack of trust, and continued conflict, which may affect the effectiveness of the team (Rollnick, Fader, Breckon, & Moyers, 2019). Sometimes the coaches aspect of caring is viewed as interference because there is no connection between the players and their coach, with coaches feeling left out of most decisions made by the players. This in mind, the study focuses on finding new strategies that can be applied by all coaches in every sport, such that the aspect of unity and communication is achieved, with coaches participating more in their respective projects.
Importance of the Study
Given the dynamic scope of this industry, it is important to do more research to understand the depth of the dilemma within the industry, with the use of previous and current research to provide insight on different pers.
Running head MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING 1MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING.docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING
1
MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING
2
Managerial Accounting
Accounting can be defined as the procedure of keeping monetary financial records. Accounting can be group as financial and managerial accounting. For businesses to be successful, they need to be having both managerial and financial accounting experts. Impeccable managerial and financial bookkeeping are important to the progress and constant survival of any corporate. Structurally, economically, and lawfully, bookkeeping is an essential section in any institute, and the necessity for an extremely skilled accounting squad is unconditionally crucial. Despite the similarities between financial and managerial accounting, there are also differences between them.
The managerial accounting works through measuring, analyzing and reporting monetary and non-monetary information that aids directors to make judgements to accomplish the objectives of an organization. Managerial accounting emphasizes on the internal broadcasting and is not regulated by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Management accounting is known for its much efforts to focus on the future rather than paying much attention to what happened in the past (Kinicki & Fugate, 2016). This type of accounting is so influential to the performance of directors and other workers as opposed to principally reporting financial events. There are no principles which guide the operations of management accounting.
Management accounting permits executives to charge attention on owners’ principal to aid judge a division’s presentation, although this may not be allowed by generally accepted accounting principles. Managerial accounting comprises assets or liabilities which may not be recognized by generally accepted accounting principles and it makes use of asset or liability quantifying rules like present values or resale prices which is not acceptable under GAAP.
Financial accounting on the other hand emphasizes on commentary to exterior events like shareholders, government interventions, and banks. It evaluates and registers business dealings and provides fiscal reports that are grounded on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Financial bookkeeping is controlled by commonly accepted accounting principles (Weygandt, Kimmel & Kieso, 2015). Financial accounting comprises of sending monetary reports like income reports or balance sheets, to outside bodies like creditors, tax specialists, shareholders, and the Interior Revenue Service.
The managerial accounting positions out profit and loss accounts, job costing accounts, and operating resources, financial accounting conveys facts only for those on the external who want to decide the company's marketplace assessment. Managerial accounting emphases on issues and answers within an institute while financial accounting is worried with productivity from without. Managerial accountants make internal working reports, while financial accountants generat.
Running head: LOGISTIC REGRESSION 1
LOGISTIC REGRESSION 2
Logistic Regression
Student Name
Institution
Course
Instructor
Date
Question (a)
Categorical variables are useful in classifying data that usually takes only one form. An example where categorical variables can be used is when classifying the ages of different individual based on the gender of the participants. The use of n-1 variable in categorical variables makes the classification easier since variables take either of the quantitative provided. In these situations, the variables are limited to take either one or zero as the quantitative value to ease the classification process (Bühlmann & Dezeure, 2016). Classification based on n-1 variable tends to be faster and also saves time and does not have many problems. When a particular variable takes 1 is assumed to be quantitative but when it takes zero the assumption made is that the variable is absent. Categorical variables involving n variables, the n-1 variables are the only important variables since they classify the data given accordingly to the required quantitative values which I either 1 or 0.
Classification of information based on categorical valuables, the n variables tend to have problems. The n value can sometimes lead to problems that may end up prolonging the classification process and also make it difficult. The n variable has problem in resulting to multi-co linearity in classifying (Guo & Berkhahn, 2016). The problem results when there is similar interconnections between the variables this create a problem in interpreting the information. The interconnection of the n variables can result in the prediction of the other variable from the other. Another problem resulting in from categorical variables is that n variable is intuitively meaning that variables can be classified based on the interests or feelings of the research. Lastly, the n variables are redundant that is do not have updated information.
Question (b)
In statistics, logistic regressions are used in classification of variable that tend to have different forms either positive or negative values. Logistic regressions classify data consisting of dependent variables with and more than two or more independent variables. The classifications are based on pacing several variables at their different level of existence (van Smeden et al., 2016). Logistic regression predict the relationship of variables that can either take 1or 0 in the classification. Logistic regressions is concerned in giving descriptions to the data and give detailed information relationship between one independent variable and more nominal independent variables. For instance, logistic regression can be used in financial institutions to clarify financial defaulters. In classification of the data, logistic re.
Running head MANAGEMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE THROUGH MO .docxwlynn1
Running head: MANAGEMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE THROUGH MO 2
MANAGEMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE THROUGH MO 8
Managing Congestive Heart Failure through Motivational Education
Rosaline Hicks
Chamberlain University
Dr. Sheryl Cator
March 26, 2020
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how motivation can improve outcomes in congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping ability of the heart muscles. This paper will cover CHF as a practice problem, the role of evidence to in regard to CHF, and the role of the DNP practice scholar in the translation of evidence.
Addressing issues related to CHF management through education program is important in the improvement of self-management. Most of the reported readmission cases, morbidity, and mortality are associated with poor self-care and self-management of the diseases. The focus of most healthcare facilities when it comes to the management of the CHF is focused on an identified medication regimen, and little to no attention is given to the importance of patient education to improve self-management of CHF.
A study by Bader et al (2018) revealed that an advanced heart failure program helped in the improvement of disease awareness and self-care behaviors when the patients were led by well-trained heart failure nurses. Another study by Howie-Esquivel et al (2015) used the approach of TEACH-HF intervention to manage CHF patients. The study outcome revealed a significantly lower hospital re-admission rate and decrease in the length of stay.
DNP practice scholar play a key role in the translation of evidence. The DNP practice scholar is instrumental in the initiation of projects that focus on the standardized educational process for CHF patients. The initiation is done through the development of new education tools and clinician documentation of evidence-based heart failure care (Myslenski, 2018). Practice Problem and Question
Patient education is becoming an effective process of managing CHF at home. Patient education aids in the improvement of knowledge and self-care behaviors, thereby, reducing the incidence of readmissions cases (Bader, et al., 2018).
Heart failure is a common, high-risk condition that is characterized with high reports hospitalization and sometimes death. This disease affects more than 6.5 million Americans and in 2012 the CDC reported that it cost approximately 30.7 billion dollars to care for CHF patients and wages lost due to hospitalization. Unlike other cardiovascular illnesses, CHF appears to be the most common one and nearly 1 million new cases are being reported annually internationally. This, therefore, makes it the fastest growing cardiovascular disorder (Savarese & Lund, 2017).
This study is guided by the following Picot question: Does the multidisciplinary educational approach work effectively towards the prevention of hospital re-admission for patients diagnosed with congestive heart .
Running head: MALWARE 1
MALWARE 2
Student’s name:
Professor' name:
Topic:
Institution:
Date:
Malware-Trojan horse virus
Malware can be defined as any file or program that is introduced to a computer with the intention of harming the user. The harm to the user can be through interfering with his use of the compute, unauthorized access to his data, locking the user out of his computer and also spying on the user’s activity. There are several types of malware and they include ransom ware, Trojan horses, computer viruses, worms and spyware (White, Fisch & Pooch, 2017). For this particular assignment, I will focus on Trojan horse virus. The name Trojan horse comes from the famous Greek story, where Greek soldiers were able to take down the city of Troy after they sneaked into the city inside a wooden horse that was guised as a gift to the people of Troy. Just like the story the Trojan horse virus disguises itself as a legitimate program however the program provides unauthorized access into the system most of the time to hackers.
Most of the time, Trojan horses gain access to a secured system through social engineering. Most of the time, Trojan horse viruses are introduced into a system by duping a user into executing an attachment on an email guised to be unsuspicious. They can also be introduced via social media where users are tricked into clicking on fake advertisements or advertisements that offer fake rewards. Once the links or attachments are clicked on, a Trojan horse virus is introduced. Trojan horse viruses can allow an attacker to have access to a user’s personal information and other forms of data. Trojan horse viruses can affect other devices on the network through infection caused by the introduction of the first Trojan horse; most ransom ware is introduced through Trojan horse viruses (Wang, Lorch & Parno, 2016). In addition, through the use of Trojan horse viruses, attackers can modify data, copy data, block data, delete data and generally disrupt or distort the performance and operations of targeted computers or devices in a network.
Steps of mitigating a Trojan horse virus attack
The first step in mitigating a Trojan horse virus attack is the installation of effective anti-malware software or what is commonly referred to as an anti-virus. The anti-malware will detect as well as prevent any Trojan horse virus attack on a computer or a network. The second step in mitigating Trojan horse virus attacks is the installation of the latest available patches of the operating system in use. The third step is proper scanning of all external devices that are introduced to a computer or a network (Rader & Rahman, 2015). The fourth step is through the cautioning on the execution of any program th.
Running head LOS ANGELES AND NEW YORK BUDGETARY COMPARISON .docxwlynn1
Running head: LOS ANGELES AND NEW YORK BUDGETARY COMPARISON 1
LOS ANGELES AND NEW YORK BUDGETARY COMPARISON
3
Los Angeles and New York budgetary comparison
Vibert Jacob
South University
Los Angeles and New York budgetary comparison
The cities for comparison in this assignment are the city of New York and the city of Los Angeles. These two are major cities in the United States that have large population and play a crucial role both locally and internationally. The cities have major infrastructural, social, and economic burdens to bear. They also have huge finances to budget for the management of their cities. In the financial year 2017, the city of New York budgeted for an expenditure of $84 billion (The City of New York, 2017). Los Angeles has a budget of $9.2 billion (City of Los Angeles, 2017). The New York City budget is larger than some of the states in the USA. Both cities are required to ensure they have a balanced budget each year with clear information about the sources of the funds, use of the fund and ensure that the budgetary deficits are clearly financed in each year.
The city of Los Angeles budgets is prepared with several underlying principles that must adhered. The city has a reserve fund, which equals to 5% of the city’s general fund revenues. The capital improvements fund for the city is equal to 1% of the city’s general fund revenue. The city holds that all the funds from one-time sources must be used to finance the one-time expenditures. The city of New York has also established several reserves to take care of uncertainties in the city (City of Los Angeles, 2017). These reserves include the Retiree health benefit trust funds, a general reserve as well as a capital stabilization reserve fund for the city.
Sources of funds
The two cities have almost similar sources of funds for their budgets. These sources of funds, however, have differing contributions to the city’s finances. The table below presents the proportional sources of incomes to the cities.
Los Angeles
New York
Source
%
%
property taxes
21.9
29
allocation from other government agencies
6.5
27
utility user tax
7.1
7
business occupation
8.6
4
licenses and other fees
24.5
8
sales tax
5.7
8
proprietary
5.3
13
miscellaneous
20.4
4
100
100
In the two cities, the property taxes account for the largest source of incomes. In New York, the allocation and distribution from other government and government agencies is the second largest source of income. This is due to the international nature of the city, which hosts major national and international offices. The city of Los Angeles has large commercial enterprises within its jurisdiction that contributed large amount of incomes in form of licenses, fees, and permits compared to New York’s city income from license and fees amounting to only 8% of the overall incomes. The miscellaneous sources of finance include the transfers from the reserve transfers, the special funds .
Running head MAJOR PROJECT1MAJOR PROJECT9Initial Ou.docxwlynn1
Running head: MAJOR PROJECT
1
MAJOR PROJECT
9
Initial Outline
Chicago
University
(The Working Title of this Major Paper Should Go Here Exactly as on the Title Page)
Foreclosure is a scary word for homeowners, but it is
not all that common today (citation needed). Bortz (2017) reported that the foreclosure rate (meaning the percentage of loans in foreclosure) currently hovers just under 1%. During economic downturns, like the housing crisis of 2011, foreclosure rates rose as high as 3.6% in United State (Bortz, 2017).
Research question
The phenomenon as mentioned above and literature background lead to the overriding research question, “what are the lived experiences of management executives whose companies face foreclosure?” The subareas of exploration for this question are:
i. The manager’s self-care practices
ii. The manager’s relationship with immediate relatives
iii. The manager’s business practices
iv. The manager’s relationships with subordinates
Methodology
In order to investigate the lived experiences of management executives, a phenomenological qualitative method will be employed. The relationships and practices of managers facing company foreclosure are the core of this research. Creswell (2013) discussed that the purpose of a phenomenological qualitative method is to …….
Proposed population
1. The homogenous group for the study is former management executives strictly from the operations department. The selected executives will have a background of having undergone company foreclosure at least once in the past 20 years.
2. Participants will be solicited through enticing advertisements online for filling surveys to participate in a study interview.
3. The number of participants will be restricted to 16 executives aged 35 years or more. Their former positions will be limited to operations management.
Data collection
1. The type of data to be accrued will be unstructured and semi-structured interviews.
2. Participants will be asked to participate in at least two rounds of one-on-one interviews spanning anywhere from 50 to 60 minutes each. Interviews will be conducted in person, by phone, or through an internet source such as Zoom.
3.
Bracketing
I am especially interested in this research question because my research showed scarce primary literature about the impact of company foreclosure on the personal and professional lives of executives’ manager and their families. With many companies facing foreclosure around the globe every year, it is surprising that very little research has been conducted on how they affected the lives of the involved executives. I suspect I may find it useful to know the real potential consequences of organizational shutdown in case I become a manager in the future. Even though one works hoping for the best, preparing for the worst is also a very rational route for any organizational management model.
(Do you have any first or third-party experience and/or knowledge of a.
Running Head MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 1MAJO.docxwlynn1
Running Head: MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 1
MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 10
Major Concerns of Climate Change in China
Student’s Name:
Course Title:
Course Number:
Professor’s Name:
Date:
Major Concerns of Climate Change in China
Introduction
China is one of the critical countries in the world, which are considered to significantly contribute to the issue of climate change. Research indicates that China produces over 6.000 megatons of carbon dioxide every year. The increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is associated with increase in global warming, which perpetrates the climate change. To this end, China is regarded as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases across the globe based on absolute terms, contributing to about 22 percent of the total amount of emissions (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). At the moment, the emissions of the greenhouse gases by China have exceeded the global per capita average, following the growth in the emissions by over 200 percent from 1990 to 2008. The concern of increased greenhouse gases emissions in China is largely associated with the countries appetite for economic growth. The historical growth of the Chinese economy has been tremendously effected through the use of fossil fuels as a major source of energy in industries. Despite the increased desire from the global community to mitigate the impacts of climate change, there is fear that the emission of greenhouse gases in the country may rise by between 55 and 75 by 2025 (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). Therefore, it is important to discuss the different concerns presented by China regarding the issue of climate change that is tremendously perpetrated by increase in emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
Overview of the Issue of Climate Change in China
The Chinese government has established policies that are aimed at adopting effective governance of climate change, improved domestic capacity of effectively governing the energy use and emissions, as well as supporting the commitments that positively impact decline in future international emissions. China acknowledges the need to lower the emission of greenhouse gases as well as mitigating the impacts of climate change, which is a critical solution towards obtaining a healthier international environment (Lipin, 2016). As a matter of fact, numerous multinational negotiations have been advanced so as to develop a global climate regime that governs the efforts of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Being among the world’s largest polluters, China has received increase attention from the global community. The country, which has the highest population of over 1.3 billion, has been steadfastly reluctant to comply to the suggestions by international organizations such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). These organizations have been engaged in pushing for .
Running Head LOGISTICS1Running Head LOGISTICS7.docxwlynn1
Running Head: LOGISTICS 1
Running Head: LOGISTICS 7
Logistics and Supply Chain Operations
Stanley Thompson Jr.
DB 8035
24 May 2020
INTRODUCTION
Amazon is one of the fastest growing online retailer company in the United States of America that has been able to overhaul its business structure by using innovative strategies in supply chain management. Amazon has left most of its competitors have a hard time trying to catch up. The firm has made huge investments in the management of its inventory to include recent forms of technology to beat its competition. The firm has optimized every link in its supply chain to ensure its customers are satisfied and well attended to (Leblanc, 2019). This paper hence seeks to discuss Amazons supply chain operation factors such as; transport and security, procurement and inventory management, technology and information management, and articulate some of the global risk factors affecting the firm. Comment by TJS: Paragraphs need to be left justified Comment by TJS: Great point here. Amazon is dominating the industry Comment by TJS: Anthropomorphisms should not be utilized. An anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a good, animal, or object.
TRANSPORTATION AND SECURITY
Transportation cost structures, modes, and distribution centers, inventory control systems, and inventory costs reduction strategies
Amazon initially launched a two-day delivery program for its customers to ensure that its customers had fast delivery of products but soon other competitors started catching on. Amazon hence had to make another adjustment in its freight services and now offers a two-hour delivery service to Amazon Prime customers. For product freight, Amazon has equally sub-contracted firms such as the United Parcel Service to transport its products to its customers. Amazon has been relying on third-party couriers to make their deliveries as they have a better-established delivery route and path that they can leverage for efficient delivery services (Leblanc, 2019). Comment by TJS: Yes. They set a new industry standard
However, due to the consideration of numerous factors involved in using third-party carriers for deliveries, Amazon has developed its privately-owned freight service. Amazon hence uses its privately-owned vehicles to carry products to its clients specifically for same-day deliveries. In recent times, Amazon has been developing cargo freight service in certain specific areas where the firm uses drones to carry items straight to their clients who are within a 10-mile radius from their warehouses. This has cut product deliveries to half an hour or less. Amazon is progressively incorporating newer technologies in its supply chain that systems can hence run without human supervision. This strategy has been articulated to be efficient so far as there are has been reduced inventory management costs over the last few years since the acquisition of Kiva Systems (Leblanc, 2.
Running head LOGIC MODELLOGIC MODEL 2Logic modelStu.docxwlynn1
Running head: LOGIC MODEL
LOGIC MODEL
2
Logic model
Student’s name
University affiliation
Date
References
Blue-Howells, J., McGuire, J., & Nakashima, J. (2008). Co-location of health care services for homeless veterans: a case study of innovation in program implementation. Social work in health care, 47(3), 219-231.
Output
Integrating patient care
Communication and collaboration between workers hence resulting to communities of practicing clinicians
Attracting new patients to GLA
Funding a two-year pilot grant
Effective process for psychiatric screening for homeless patients
Outcomes
Homeless project were integrated
The issues of homeless veterans were addressed due to institutional barriers
There was creation of coalition and linking the project to legitimate VA-wide goals
Good sustained program maintenance, process evaluation and encouraging development of communities.
Activities
Building a coalition of decision makers
Introduction of a new integrated program
Inputs
The decision to implement
Initial implementation
Sustained maintenance
Termination or transformation
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION 2
Program Evaluation
Institutional Affiliation
Insert the student’s name
Instructor’s name
Course
Date
Introduction
Evaluation of the program is usually done to in order to determine the quality of the program, how effective the program is and how the program is performing. This can help to know if the program is making a significant difference among the targeted people. It can also assist to know if the program is functioning or not. This paper therefore seeks to evaluate the program which is assisting the homeless people within the community.
The two program evaluation questions are: what is the reach of the program? And what has been the impact of the program on the homeless people? The answers to these questions would elicit both qualitative and quantitative results. Therefore, the program evaluation will require both quantitative and qualitative data collection plan. This is because the use of mixed-method approach is convenient since the results and findings would be reliable (Creswell, 2017). After identifying the evaluation program questions, the next step will be to come up with plan of evaluating a program. The plan should consist of methods of collecting data, evidences, the person responsible and the duration.
Program Evaluation Question
Evidence
Methods and sources of collecting data
Person in charge
Duration
1. What is the reach of the program?
Number of building materials distributed
Records of the program
Robert
One month
2. What has been the impact of the program on the homeless people?
Number of people resettled
Number of people not yet re.
Running head LITERATURE REVIEW1MINORITY BOYS SCHOOL DROPOUT A.docxwlynn1
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
MINORITY BOYS SCHOOL DROPOUT AND CONTINUATION SCHOOL 2
Literature Review
Literature Review
It is expected that every student enrolled in high school works hard towards the completion of their high school diploma. However, research indicates there was a 5.4% drop out among the minority groups, in which 6.4% of the overall status dropout rate is that of the male youth. Among the Africans, Hispanics, and American Indian Natives, the dropout rates among the boys are 8%, 10%, and 11.6%, respectively (Musu-Gillette, De Brey, McFarland, Hussar, Sonnenberg, & Wilkinson-Flicker, 2017). These dropouts often join continuation schools later in life with the hope that they will get an equivalent of their high school diploma. The theoretical framework of this research is based on the phenomenological approach, in which the aim is to examine the occurrence of school dropout among minority boys and their performance after joining continuation school.
One of the theories that explain why minority boys drop out of school is the Critical Race Theory. The model argues that education opportunities are often affected by an individual’s race and racism (Colbert, 2017). Based on this theory, minority groups are often faced with issues such as poverty and racial discrimination in schools, which causes some of the male students to drop out of school. Racism victims in school feel inferior to the whites and sometimes feel like they do not deserve a quality education, and they end up falling behind in school.
Cultural production theory, on the other hand, explains why the dropouts choose to go back to school. The theory holds that the education system helps to level out the playing field so that people get equal opportunities to make their lives. The approach provides an essential perspective as to why minority boys dropouts join continuation schools and complete their learning process.
According to Bania, Lydersen, and Kvernmo (2016), non-completion of high school mostly results from different problems, most of which are health-related. In research in which the authors carried out among the youths in the Arctic, they found out that dropout rates were higher among males. Additionally, minority males often drop out due to mental issues. Based on the article, education affects an individual’s employment opportunities and income, as well as the quality of life, which explains why the dropouts choose to join continuation schools later in life.
Hernandez and Ortez (2019) undertake research in which they analyze the experiences of some Latinas who are enrolled in continuation school. Based on the writers’ claims, continuation schools have put in place strategies that enable the students to cope and realize that they have an opportunity to succeed just like any other individual. Additionally, due to the improvement in the prospects for quality education presented to the marginalized groups, the article indicates that there are .
Running head LIVING WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS1Living with Chroni.docxwlynn1
Running head: LIVING WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS 1
Living with Chronic Illnesses 2
Living with chronic illnesses: How are those with a chronic illness treated by their families since their diagnosis?
Maura K. Little
University of West Florida
Abstract
This study aims to figure out what the relationship and meaning of the ways that a family treats a family member with a chronic mental or physical illness. The exploration of the way those with a chronic illness are treated since their diagnosis is important to understand the perceptions, behaviors, and communication that surrounds illness. Chronic mental illness will be analyzed against chronic physical illness to assess similarities and differences in family behaviors. Participants included individuals selected from local support groups based on their illness as well as family structure. An ethnographic study would be used to compare both the verbal and nonverbal relationship between the ill family member and the rest of the family.
Introduction
This study aimed to focus on both physical chronic illnesses and mental chronic illnesses and their effects on family communication, particularly surrounding the diagnosis of the illnesses.
Family has a large impact on the perceptions of illness. In recent times, the publicity around individuals with chronic illnesses, both mental and physical, has increased dramatically in the media. From the production of films about those with physical chronic illnesses to celebrity diagnosis of a mental illness, illness is something our society is beginning to talk about more frequently. However there are certain stigmas attached to these illnesses that make it harder for patients and their families to cope with their situation. Most often because of the portrayals of chronic illness that romanticize illnesses and do not necessarily show all of the effects of these illnesses on the patient or their family.
Both mental and physical chronic illnesses are much more complex than how they are portrayed in the media. These illnesses often produce copious amounts of side effects that bring a whole new level of challenges to the patient's struggle through their daily life and readjustment after diagnosis. One effect that is often not publicized as much as others is the relationships that exist between the patient and their family. These family relationships may change drastically with the diagnosis of and grappling with a chronic illness, changing how family members perceive one another, how they act, and even how they communicate. All of these things depend upon the nature of the family, and the illness and produce different changes. However, through all different types of families and illnesses, communication in situations like these is essential to understanding one another. According to Rosland (2009), several interviews and focus groups showed that family members lowered stress, and are central to patient success. In most instances, the family i.
Running Head LITERATURE REVIEW2LITERATURE REVIEW 2.docxwlynn1
Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW 2
LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Effect of Tobacco Use
Gideon Aryertey
Embry Riddle Aeronautical University
Introduction
Over decades, many individuals have been using tobacco without being aware of its harmful effects. For instance, in the U.S., the rate of cigarette smoking increased immensely in the early twentieth century. This was due to the invention of the cigarette rolling machine as well as an increase in the advertisement of tobacco products. As a result, cigarette smoking expanded regardless of the opposition of religious leaders or other members. Tobacco consumption reaches its peak especially between the ages of 20 to 40 in both females and males although statistically males consume more than females. Furthermore, the smoking rate amongst African-Americans (16.7%) are higher than the national average in comparison to Caucasians (16.6%). In fact, mixed race individuals and American Indian/Alaska Natives have higher smoking rates than African-Americans. As a result, this shows that there’s a big issue with the use of tobacco. Tobacco has led to many diseases such as lung cancer, diabetes, heart disease, stroke. It also leads to addiction. However, it is significant for one to overcome the addiction of tobacco use to improve their health status. Educating people about the harmful effect of tobacco consumption and making tobacco less affordable will correspond to a gradual decrease in its use.
Tobacco use has caused numerous deaths amongst individuals despite their socioeconomic backgrounds. For instance, approximately 30 percent of people who perish due to cancer in the United States; 80 percent of these deaths are caused by lung cancer. lung cancer is the main cause of cancer related deaths in the youth and adults. (Addicott, Sweitzer & McClernon, 2018). Lung cancer attacks both genders and the treatment process can be very complex. Consumers of tobacco are affected by this disease because it exterminates the cells responsible for fighting against the disease. Also, the use of tobacco affects the proper functioning of all the organs in the body. Other than lung cancer, tobacco consumption can also lead to mouth, esophagus, larynx, liver, kidney, bladder, cervix, pharynx, stomach, myeloid leukemia, pancreas and colon cancers (Ebbert, Elrashidi & Stead, 2015).
In fact, about 7300 nonsmokers die from lung disease every year according to the International Agency that is responsible for Research on Cancer (IARC) after being exposed to tobacco. Additionally, a 2009 survey that was conducted in China indicated that about 38 percent of smokers were aware that smoking contributes to attack of coronary heart disease while 27 percent were aware that it can lead to a stroke (Ambrose, et. al, 2017). However, individuals who smoke about five cigarettes a day showed signs of various diseases and damages to the blood vessels (Gilreath, et. al, 2016). In fact, blood vessels are thickened and then become narrow.
Running head LOGIC MODELLOGIC MODEL 4Situ.docxwlynn1
Running head: LOGIC MODEL
LOGIC MODEL
4
Situation: due to language barrier, patients are unable to receive adequate healthcare
Inputs
Outputs
Outcomes – Impact
Activities
Participation
ShortMediumLong
-Funding
-Staff
-Technology
-Trainers
-Software
-Facilitators
-Computer devices
In order to measure the effectiveness of these inputs, a comprehensive program evaluation may be done through interviews, questionnaires etc
-Training of staff
-Use of technology
-Use of professional interpreter
-Use of multiple languages
-Use of visuals like graphs and pictures
-Interview patients and healthcare
- Assessing the language barrier
-Improving staff ability to communicate using different languages
-Developing ways that can be used in eradicating the issue of language barrier
-50% of healthcare providers trained within three months.
75% of patients reporting greater satisfaction in healthcare services
-70% increase in number of patient comeback.
-Training completed
-100% effective communication between healthcare providers and patients
-Improved patient satisfaction
-Increase number of community patients
-Improved quality of patient quality.
Project assumptions
There will be enough funding for the training and equipments.
Healthcare providers/staff will be open to participation
References
Chou, C. & Cooley, L. (2018). Communication Rx : transforming healthcare through relationship-centered communication. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Jacobs, E. & Diamond, L. (2017). Providing health care in the context of language barriers : international perspectives. Bristol, U.K. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Multilingual Matters.
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. RUNNING Head: IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEMS.
1
IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEMS
8
Impacts of Food Systems.
Students Name.
Institutional Affiliation.
2. Impacts on food systems.
Introduction
Sustainability in food systems entails the provision of the food
security and nutrition which are essential to maintain and
promote the living condition of the people under the earth
(Ericksen, Ingram, & Liverman, 2009). The food system is
according to the four pillar that defines its implication in any
society. These four pillars are stability, availability, utilization
and access. According to Food and Agriculture Organization,
food security refers to “all people, at all times, have physical,
social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious
food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for
an active and healthy life”(Source, FAO SOFI 2011).
When four pillars are conjoined together with the sustainability
and nutrition, a desirable food system foundation is therefore
achieved. With such food programs, they will mainly lead in
making a multiple SDS (Sustainable Development Goals).
Because of these to monitor and provide a desirable food system
in any country, a Global Food System Index is crucial in
tracking and monitoring progress. In the ultimate of the global
food system, we address the six important dimensions by the
GFSI which traces their progression. These critical dimensions
are social sustainability, health and nutrition consumptions,
environmental productivity, climate and ecological
sustainability and market dynamics (Shown in Figure 1).
Therefore the ideal goal of a food system tries to effectively
dialogue challenges to ecological and human welfare
transversely in all of its phases. The dimension arrives from the
theories and concepts involving food systems which will inform
and guide the relevant managerial personnel in their decisions
after the consideration of the report on the available data’s
provided in concern of the behaviors portrayed by the target
group like tourists in any environment when food is involved
for life sustenance.
3. Global economic growth in investments, trade, food and Market
Dynamic
Food system synthesis propels the global financial increase in
investment, trade and food prices — they makeup all that
happens and is the boundaries of the market dynamic as stated
to be one of the critical dimensions guiding the food systems
and its synthesis. To have a desirable food system, we require to
have: an interaction in food supply chains which functions with
all fundamental priors in the whole food system and also a well-
operating trade and market dynamics (McCarthy, Lipper, &
Branca, 2011). Using good trade and market strategies we can
regulate and reduce the adverse effects caused by the market
astonishment and hence drastically improve the flexibility
within the value chain by restricting the negative arising
externalities factors from the foreign agent and countries.
Example between the 1990 and 2014 the world economy has
grown by 2.6% a year which is almost double that within the
range given. However, facilitating to the growth of the gross
domestic product GDP by about 5.1% annually in the low and
middle-income countries, China being among those that have
significantly improved according to (Monteiro, Cannon,
Moubarac, Levy, Louzada, & Jaime, 2018). Advancement of the
GDP of the low-middle, developing and developed countries are
shown in (Figure 2 below). The economic development depends
on the variety of aspects such as technological advancements,
population dynamics, resources productivity and availability
and the behaviors of the customers and the producers. Hence the
institutional and political policy responses towards the
developments become uncertain if not well set according to the
exceptions available; thus it complicates the long-term project
of economic projections by making it hard. The reason is that of
the assumptions made on the bases of the factors which might
evolve in the future.
Resource and production efficiency.
Resource and production efficiency is also the key in the food
4. system synthesis due to the limitation of the available resources
and the increased population. Productivity is all about
producing new products by using the fewest supply if possible.
Among the products in the food system entail production of
fisheries, livestock’s and crops for it to be adequate fewer
resources have to be well managed and utilized without any
wastage. For example, shortly the current global population is
expected to rise to more than 9 billion when we are hitting
2050. Therefore the land per capita income will reduce by half
in percentage. It will require the food production to rise by 60%
to sustain the existing population at the time (McCarthy, Lipper,
& Branca, 2011).
Furthermore, an excellent global food system has the purpose of
predominantly enhancing food productivity and production by
disposing of the traditional approaches, which have a lot of
loopholes and ineffective to meet the food requirements in a
population. Therefore meeting current and emerging high
demand on food a desirable food system must be resource
efficient and without endangering the availability of rare
possessions nature offers. Meeting future and current needs and
wants sustainably relies on efficiently using the available
resources. Which can be achieved by involvement in researches
leading to innovation, creativity and invention of new ways of
farming, distributing, branding, processing, manufacturing and
preservation of the food produced.
Climate resilience and environmental sustainability
Another dimension of the food system and its synthesis is
climate resilience, and ecological sustainability and its effects
are felt globally. The best global food system program must be
both sustaining and resilient to the environment and the climate
of the underlying area. A good example is the greenhouse effect
which entails gas emissions and the experienced continuing
climate change where the main contributor of these is the global
agriculture sector. At times these changes happen due to the
5. effects of agriculture on water sources, soil and weather
conditions. Integrations in climate responsiveness, aiming to
reduce and remove greenhouse gases and agricultural
advancements and building of reliance gives a climate-smart
food system (Bohle, Downing, & Watts, 1994). Natural
calamities like floods, desert extensions, storm and extreme
temperature are also effects of the climatic changes and need to
be handled with a lot of care (Figure 3 show the increase of
each outcome in the earth.) A climate-smart approach is vital
since crop yield influences are quite felt at the continuing
intensities of warming (McCarthy, Lipper, & Branca, 2011). For
example, as the temperature rises, climate tend to increase extra
pressure on agricultural schemes across the areas. Scientist and
the environmentalist predict that come 2050, the climate
warming of 2% projected will decrease the wheat yields by 50%
in the Caribbean, Tunisia, Central America and Brazil. Thus a
sustainable environment food system can reduce the negative
impacts that are posed to the environment and hence cultivating
agro-ecological resilience by promoting biodiversity.
Social sustainability aspect
Social sustainability is another vital factor which affects the
population, for the desired food system it should be socially
sustainable in all ways revolving in the value chain. Safe,
nutritious, adequate food are the main issues that require to be
assured to the each of the household in the population by any
producing food system sector as it tries to meet the underlying
emerging demands on the food for sustainability. Thus different
categories of individual should be considered for example
producers is required to take suggestions from the women, men,
youths, children, aged and even the aliens of the area (Davoudi,
Shaw, Haider, Quinlan, Peterson, Wilkinson, & Davoudi, 2012).
Allows the producer to be in a position to produces varieties of
products in his/her yield package them in accordance. It will
enable different taste as required by every group. Hence
meeting the demand and satisfying all the categories.
6. The potential indicators for inclusive food system and socially
sustainable will include the women’s consent in their relevant
intra-households and domain gender parity. To measure each
contribution of the different categories existing in the
environment among the group the access to financial services
and land tenure security are the indicator used. It will show
both economic and physical access living within the groups, and
the population at large, where a number of the poor can be
estimated and a measure of social consumer’s sustainability
becomes possible.
Conclusion
Generally, to advance the approximation leading towards global
food system, resources and the efforts must be directed and
focused and be in line to support the index that assimilates
timely and the new data evolving from the six dimensions
relating on the food systems as discussed in these research
paper. Due to the current labors to generate new data and
develop statistical capacity in the low-middle and developing
and developed nations must be leveraged.
Figure 1 Food Systems
Figure 2. B) Effects of climate change
Figure 2. A) Change in GDP
References.
Balzer, C. (2011).
Solution
s for a cultivated planet. Nature, 478(7369), 337.
Bohle, H. G., Downing, T. E., & Watts, M. J. (1994). Climate
7. change and social vulnerability: toward a sociology and
geography of food insecurity. Global environmental
change, 4(1), 37-48.
Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson,
G. D., Wilkinson, C., ... & Davoudi, S. (2012). Resilience: a
bridging concept or a dead end?“Reframing” resilience:
challenges for planning theory and practice interacting traps:
resilience assessment of a pasture management system in
Northern Afghanistan urban resilience: what does it mean in
planning practice? Resilience as a useful concept for climate
change adaptation? The politics of resilience for planning: a
cautionary note: edited by Simin Davoudi and Libby
Porter. Planning theory & practice, 13(2), 299-333.
Ericksen, P. J., Ingram, J. S., & Liverman, D. M. (2009). Food
security and global environmental change: emerging challenges.
Monteiro, C. A., Cannon, G., Moubarac, J. C., Levy, R. B.,
Louzada, M. L. C., & Jaime, P. C. (2018). The UN Decade of
Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with
ultra-processing. Public Health Nutrition, 21(1), 5-17.
McCarthy, N., Lipper, L., & Branca, G. (2011). Climate-smart
agriculture: smallholder adoption and implications for climate
change adaptation and mitigation. Mitigation of Climate Change
in Agriculture Working Paper, 3, 1-37.
8. Running Head: CAPSTONE PROJECT
CAPSTONE PROJECT
3
Table of Contents
41.Analysis of the Global Destination Site
41.1 Introduction
61.2 The Economy of Thailand
6Main Industries of Thailand
6Primary Exports and Export Partners of Thailand
71.3 Demographic Profile
71.4 Social
10Historical Background & Type of Dishes
11Thai Cutlery & Eating Style
111.6 Sustainability Efforts
131.7 Potential political and legislative intervention
16Recent agricultural policies
16Agricultural credit policy
17Agricultural input policy
9. 181.8 Labour markets
191.9 Market trends
201.10 International agribusiness
211.11 Food biotechnology
22Plant breeding development
22Genetic engineering policy: Transgenic plants
231.12 Food production, marketing and product development
231.12.1 Food Production
23Mixed cropping system
24Restoration of soil fertility
24Reduced Tillage or No-Tillage
24Integrated and biological pest control
25Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Plant Improvement
25Adoption of technology by farmers
261.12.2Marketing
261.12.3Product development
271.13 Relationships between food and gender, socio-
economics, race, ethnicity
1. Analysis of the Global Destination Site
1.1 Introduction (sandeep)
Thailand is one of the most famous countries in the entire world
for its cuisine. Spanning from the southern peninsula to the
Northern provinces, the country offers a diverse blend of
insanely delicious food. From flash cooked stir fries to hand
10. pounded salads, there are variety and quantity of food in
Thailand. The south of Thailand is well known for its spicy
curries, heavy use of coconut milk, and fresh seafood. The north
and northeastern part is famous for its veggie filled salads and
herbs, grilled meat, sausages, and sticky rice. Bangkok, the
largest city, attracts Thais from around the country to create a
never ending melting pot of tempting things to taste.
Geographical background of Thailand
Area
Total: 513,120 square kilometers
Land: 510,890 square kilometers
Later: 2,230 square kilometers
Climate
Tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to
September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-
March); southern isthmus always hot and humid.
Natural resources
Tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish,
gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land.
Population distribution
Highest population density is found in and around Bangkok;
significant population clusters found throughout large parts of
the country, particularly north and northeast of Bangkok and in
the extreme southern region of the country.
11. In Thai eating culture, rice is the main component to be
consumed with other supplement. Its menu is composed of
diverse methods on cooking like boiling, soup, frying, spicy
salad and the chili paste with the combination of tastes like
sour, salty, sweet and spicy that is rarely found in other national
cousins.
People are more attracted towards Thailand because of the
temples and beautiful beaches and special attraction is their rich
culture and way of life. Mainly people live in Thailand are
Buddhists so they have different beliefs and culture, their
culture teaches them to be very friendly with everyone which
tourists like the most. It also has a cons for example, because of
huge amount of people visited Thailand, local people start
supplying drugs to them so that they can earn more income
illegally. But it leads to increase in crime rate. Because of high
demand of tourists, foreign companies run the local companies
places which results in less earnings of local people.
There is no doubt that the culture of the country promotes the
destination. Like in Thailand as well, their culture promote it to
tourists. It helps to make distinctive from other country. It helps
to adapt the changes of each other’s country like, language, way
of dressing, eating habits.
The culture in Thailand is way different from western culture. It
12. is hard for everyone to adopt theirs and more hard for the
people of Thailand to adopt ours. They don’t say good
afternoon, good morning and good evening, they say WAI that
is the way they used to greet people.
https://www.streetdirectory.com/food_editorials/cuisines/asian_
food/introduction_to_thai_food.html
http://davidsbeenhere.com/2012/11/23/an-introduction-to-thai-
food/
https://www.indexmundi.com/thailand/geography_profile.html1.
2 The Economy of Thailand
Thailand has a profoundly export dependent economy and the
industrial and service sectors are the biggest contributors to its
economy. It ranks 22nd largest export economy in the world. It
has been ranked as an upper-middle income economy since 2011
and has exhibited sustained economic and social progress over
the years. Its economy particularly experienced enormous
growth between 1986 and 2005 when effective policies were
adopted such as diversification and industrialization coupled
with contribution from a strong private sector. During this
period, poverty levels substantially declined in the country. The
Thai baht is Thailand’s currency, used by some of its neighbors
including Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia.
13. Main Industries of Thailand
The Automobiles and automotive parts industry are the
dominated industrial sector here. The rest of the industries
include financial services, garments and textiles, electronics,
tourism, plastics, computers and accessories, cement, plastics,
and furniture. The agricultural sector is dominated by produce
such as rice, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, and rubber. Beverages
and tobacco also contribute immensely to the economy.
Primary Exports and Export Partners of Thailand
Thailand’s exports were valued at $236.69 billion in 2017.
These exports included rice, garments and textiles, computers,
integrated circuits, footwear, automobiles, refined petroleum,
rubber, and fishery products. The United States imports 11.2%
of Thailand’s exports followed by China, Hong Kong, Japan,
Malaysia, Vietnam, and Australia.1.3 Demographic Profile
Demographic background of Thailand
Total Population
6.88 millions
Male population
49.1%
Female population
14. 50.9%
Birth rate
11 births/1,000 population
Languages
Thai (official) 90.7%, Burmese 1.3%, other 8%
Religions
Buddhist 94.6%, Muslim 4.3%, Christian 1%, other less than 1%
There is a diverse range of ethnic groups within the country but
for the purposes of the overall Thailand population, only really
been separated into three main groups: 75% are Ethnic Thai,
14% are Thai Chinese, and 3% are ethnically Malay. The
remainder of the population falls into small minority groups
including hill tribes, Khmers and Mons. The official language
of Thailand is Thai. The country is the 51st largest country on
earth in terms of total area, 21st in terms of population, and
88th in terms of population density.
1.4 Social
Different people from different countries are found here.
Afterall, Thailand is known as a tourist hub. Hence, different
culture get together to make this place happening. Along with
the people from different culture gathering here has formed a
lot of changes in social environment of Thailand. For example,
many locals sell drugs to tourists as a way of earning money.
The World Bank Office of Thailand recognises that, drug
15. pushing creates problems such as anti-social behaviour,
increased crime and reduced safety. This has an effect on tourist
numbers as many will not travel to countries which are deemed
unsafe. Further, as tourism grows in Thailand many businesses
have moved from being run locally to being owned by national
or international companies which creates leakages in the Thai
government with less spending money going back into the Thai
economy. Moreover, Thailand has seen an increase in dramatic
faithfulness for the tourists. The local traditions have become a
product for the tourist, which is slowly destroying the original
culture in Thailand. On the other hand, negative impact has
created a long term effect on the local community by being
exposed to different cultures and wealth. This changes locals’
behaviour and needs like encourage the Thai people to dress
differently or abandon their religion.
1.5Ethical and cultural trends relating to food
In Thailand, food forms a central part of any social occasions,
which means food often becomes the reason to celebrate. This is
partly due to the friendly, social nature of Thai people, and the
way in which food is ordered and eaten in Thailand.
Presenting and serving the Thai meal is different from that of
other normal restaurant. Generally, the food in the restaurant
starts with starter followed by the main course and lastly served
with the dessert. In Thailand, there is no such thing as starter.
16. Moreover, the dish does not belong to single person. A general
rule is followed of ordering the same number of dishes as
people present. All the dishes are shared and enjoyed together.
Peoples in Thai believe that eating alone is bad luck. There is
also a belief that throwing food away enrages the Thai “god of
rice”, a female deity who watches over the people, ensuring
everyone has enough to eat. Bad luck or even widespread
famine may then develop.
Most of the Thai dishes are considered unsatisfying till they
combine all the four main seasonings: salty, sweet, sour, and
spicy. A group of Thai diners, while eating out, would generally
order a variety of meat and/or fish dishes, plus vegetables, a
noodle dish, and possibly soup. Dessert may consist simply of
fresh fruit, such as pineapple, or something more exotic, such as
colorful rice cakes, depending on the region.
Thais are also very renowned for the snacks. It is easy to pick
up a quick but delicious snack for mere pennies along the
roadside or at marketplaces in Thailand. Popular snacks consist
of spring rolls, chicken or beef, raw vegetables with a spicy dip,
soups, salads, and sweets.
The formal presentation of food is another important aspect of
Thai culture. This trend of presentation was earlier developed in
the palace to please the King of Siam, and it is among the most
exquisite in the world. Serving platters are decorated with all
17. variety of carved vegetables and fruits into flowers and other
pieces of beauty. This includes elegantly carved vegetables
within the dish itself. For such artwork, Thai chefs use a simple
paring knife and ice water (the ice water prevents discoloration
of the vegetables as they cut them).
Historical Background & Type of Dishes
Just as all the other countries, Thailand too has a history of its
taste that has made Thai food popular today. In early thirteenth
century, the Thai people developed a cuisine that is known as
Siamese cuisine today. In this, various types of meat and
seafood combined with local vegetables, herbs, and spices such
as garlic and pepper, and served with rice. Later, the Chinese
culture brought noodles to Thailand.
Indian spices and flavors have also influenced the Thai cuisine,
which can be seen in its famous green, red, and yellow curries.
It would be nearly impossible to confuse an Indian curry with
one from Thailand. Although Thai curry incorporates many
Indian spices in its pastes, it still manages to maintain its own
unique flavor with the addition of local spices and ingredients,
such as Thai holy basil, lemongrass, and Thai ginger which is
called galangal.
18. Thai cooking has also influenced other countries like Vietnam,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Burma, and Malaysia. Such
plentiful and vast influences combine to create the complex
taste of present-day. Hence, Thai cooking is considered as one
of the fastest growing and most popular of world cuisines
today.Thai Cutlery & Eating Style
Although the Chinese brought chopsticks to Thailand long ago,
most Thais prefer to use Western cutlery, though in their own
special way. Thai cutlery generally consists of a fork and large
spoon. The spoon is held in the right hand and used in place of a
knife.
When eating, Thais do not combine various foods on their
plates, but rather, they sample one dish at a time, always eaten
with a mound of Thai fragrant rice on the side. Bowls are used
mainly for soup, not in place of a plate.
https://www.thespruceeats.com/thai-food-and-culture-3217393
1.6 Sustainability Efforts
Thailand has its own development framework that is being used
to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. It relies on
wisdom and integrity, as well as the principles of moderation,
fairness and carefulness. The focus of the is to achieve
sustainability and it has been adopted as the core principle of
19. Thailand’s National Economic and Social Development Plan
since 2002.
No poverty: End poverty in all its form from everywhere.
No hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
Good wealth and well being: Ensure healthy lives and promote
well-being for all at all ages.
Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote life long learning opportunities for all.
Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all
women and girls.
Clean water and sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all.
Affordable and clean energy: Ensure access to affordable,
reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
Good jobs and economic growth: Promote sustained, inclusive
and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all.
Industry, innovation and infrastructure: Build resilient
infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation.
Sustainable cities and communities: Make cities and human
settlements, inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
20. Responsible consumption and production: Ensure sustainable
consumption and production patterns.
Reduce inequalities: Reduce inequality within and among
countries.
Climate action: Take urgent action to combat climate change
and its impact.
Life below water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas
and marine resources for sustainable development.
Life on land: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forest, combat
desertification, and halt and reserve land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss.
Peace, justice, and strong institution: promote peaceful and
inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access
to justices for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels.
Partnership for the goals: strengthen the means of
implementation and revitalize the global partnership for
21. sustainable development.
https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/sustainable-
development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-
matter/goal-1-no
1.7 Potential political and legislative intervention
The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives is executing
economic policies adopted by the Thai Cabinet to reduce
poverty through agriculture and food security. Key policies
include the following:
· Campaign to promote rural savings through agricultural
cooperatives, with the objective of increasing the potential for
farmer groups to help themselves, such as simple processing and
alternative occupations at the household level. Community
banks will be supported and farmers will participate in
administering funds deposited, by formulating policies for
utilization and recovery.
· Use chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals more
efficiently through application with organic and biological
fertilizers, in order to improve soils and to increase yields.
Natural methods of controlling crop pests will be employed in
an effort to reduce imports of fertilizers and agricultural
chemicals. Efforts will be made to improve soils and community
22. environment over the long-term.
· Utilize refuse and wastes from agriculture, by encouraging
private sector production of organic fertilizer and bio-
fertilizers, and other products used in the agriculture sector.
This approach will reduce farmers’ expenditures on imported
fertilizers.
· Identify land and extend land tenure rights, to solve the
problem of availability of land for subsistence.
· Provide assistance to farmers who are impacted by natural
disasters in the form of food, inputs important to their
occupations, and consumer goods.
· Ensure food security for the country to prevent impacts from
natural disasters, by accelerating production of agricultural
products in areas with production potential as well as in areas
that are adequately served with water resources; particularly in
areas that have sources of natural surface water, irrigation
system infrastructure, underground water supplies, and irrigated
areas serviced by electric pumps.
· Undertake occupational and livelihood rehabilitation
following natural disasters, by providing assistance in the form
23. of production inputs, including plant material and breeding
animals, to support agricultural production activities.
A national policy review of food security issues was undertaken
as part of the agriculture sector policy. The Thai Government
adopted a policy for preparing for global climate change. An
important element of this policy is that the Government
committed itself to ensuring food security for the country to
prevent impacts from natural disaster, by accelerating
production of agricultural products in areas with high
production potential as well as in areas that are adequately
served with water resources; particularly in area that have
sources of natural surface water, irrigation system
infrastructure, underground water supplies, and irrigated areas
serviced by pumps.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives is implementing
an agriculture sector reform policy that requires a paradigm
shift that will result in the implementation of measures that will
lead to increases in equitable access to production-support
services by the rural poor including:
· Improved access to information, through the strengthening of
the Agriculture and Resource System Information Network and
the mass communications abilities of the Ministry, to ensure
that agricultural development plans are adequately articulated at
24. the sub-district level.
· Opportunities for farmer education in awareness and
confidence building, resource management, and enterprise
development.
· Specialized training in problem solving.
· Innovative types of community mobilization and institution
building at the grassroots level that would release the spirit and
creative potential of people.
· Improved access to institutional credit.
· Improved access to technology through creation of an Institute
for Adaptive Research and Pilot Trials and an Institute for the
Advancement of Traditional Knowledge.
· Organization of production, transport, and marketing groups at
the community level.
Recent agricultural policies
The major change in government agricultural policy occurred in
1986 when the pro-consumer policy was replaced by the pro-
producer policy. The export taxes and export restriction which
penalized the farmers were eliminated, resulting in a more or
less neutral nominal rate of protection for most exportable
crops, except a few import competing crops such as oil palm
and soybean (Poapongsakorn, 2009; Warr and Archanun, 2007).
Since then the succeeding administrations have increased the
25. agricultural subsidy through the agricultural price support
program with the aim to improve farmers’ income.
Agricultural credit policy
The agricultural credit market in Thailand had been previously
dominated by informal lenders, particularly land owners,
middlemen, and millers. A drastic change in the agricultural
credit market occurred in 1975 when the Bank of Thailand
instructed all commercial banks to allocate 5% of all
commercial loans for agriculture at an interest rate lower than
the market. As a result, the supply of agricultural credit
expanded in huge. The BAAC’s loans to individual farmers
increased more than 17 times from 0.43 billion US$ to 7.48
billion US$.
The credit policy has significantly impacted on the farmers
‘adoption of modern technologies as well as crop
diversification, particularly in irrigated areas of Central Plain.
Because farmers in irrigated areas have a better cash flow and
less production risk, a large proportion of credit goes to
commercial farmers. Even though, group liability guarantee
could help small-farmers to access formal credit, the amount of
loan they could obtain is very small; the loan program is also
limited to certain locations and does not cover the whole
26. country. Thus, small-farmers continue to find it more difficult
to improve their household food supply, particularly when food
prices increase.
Agricultural input policy
In Thailand, the agricultural input markets are mostly free from
government intervention. Public policies on chemical fertilizer
mainly involved the distribution of fertilizer to the farmers at
the market price or at reduced costs. The loan was financed by
the Farmers’ Aid Fund. The government had previously used the
Market Organization for Farmers and agricultural cooperatives
as a network to distribute the fertilizer at a subsidized
transportation costs. Due to the limited capitalization of the
Fund, only a small number of farmers could access this program
and most of them were in irrigated environment. The scheme
has been abolished for a decade. It was criticized that the
program had no impacted on the small-farmers in remote areas
since they were not eligible for the assistance. As a
consequence of rising fertilizer price and production cost, it was
inevitable that the food production of small farmers were
affected most.
http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/thai/natur.htm
27. ftp://ftp.repec.org/opt/ReDIF/RePEc/kau/wpaper/are200901.pdf
1.8 Labour markets
Female employment in Thailand is 46% with women holding
39% of senior positions. Unemployment in Thailand remains
consistently low dropping as far as 1.1%. As a result of this,
Thailand has a high rate of informal employment in the labor-
intensive industry, but this number is expected to decrease as
the quality of education improves leading to an increase in
average wages and less employment in the labor-intensive
sectors.
In the last few years, the average income has increased by 11%
with the highest average incomes being centered in Bangkok.
Since the nationwide minimum has increased, Thailand has
shifted towards becoming an upper middle income country.
Nonetheless, the Kingdom’s relatively low wages still attracts
foreign investors.
With growing wages and low unemployment, Thailand is
focusing on improving its educational system to encourage a
base of skilled workers. The Ministry of Education has provided
funding to increase the number of teachers and has made many
changes to the curriculum. Free education is provided for up to
twelve years with nine years of mandatory basic education.
Many students continue on to higher education due to higher
28. economic rewards. All of this moves towards the establishment
of a knowledge-based society.
The current government has put efforts into the promotion of
vocational training. Many private companies have also
established their own educational institutions to provide for the
vocational education of later employees. The Office of
Vocational Education Commission intends Thailand to be the
vocational education hub of the region.
http://www.thailandtoday.in.th/node/7691.9 Market trends
After Indonesia, Thailand is the second largest economy in
Association of Southeast Asian Nations and is an upper middle
income country with an open economy, a gross domestic
product of $479 billion, and 3.9% growth in 2017. It stands 26th
largest export destination for the United States.
Considering the frozen food market, Increasing number of
trading partners supported with strong export demand for
processed seafood and meat dishes from major countries such as
Japan, Australia, China, Korea, US, EU, Middle East and other
Southeast Asian countries are further anticipated to drive the
demand for frozen seafood and meat products. Various brands in
Thailand have started using natural and alternative sweetener
29. blends for instance, thick organic stevia and cane sugar in order
to lighten the sugar content in sweet dessert treats. Frozen
vegetarian ready meal options are likely to boost the demand for
Thailand frozen foods market over long term. Rising demand for
diverse fruits with distinct flavor especially Mangosteen,
durians and longans are also expected to boost the market
revenues for processed fruits and vegetables in Thailand in near
future.
Thailand frozen foods market is poised to grow on account of
growing end-users demand including hotels, restaurants,
commercial offices, hospitals, quick service joints and others.
Leading frozen food manufacturers in Thailand have started to
invest towards expanding their production capacity in order to
meet the ever-growing demand for frozen foods in the country.
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/thailand-frozen-
foods-market-is-expected-to-reach-over-thb-147-billion-by-
2022-ken-research-869777308.html1.10 International
agribusiness
Agribusiness is the business of agricultural production. It
includes breeding, agrichemicals, crop production, processing,
farm machinery, seed supply, marketing and retail sales. In
recent years, Thailand has slowly shifted away from an
30. agriculture driven economy due to a decreasing number of
workers. Nonetheless, production continues to grow through the
use of better farming techniques and new technology. The top
agricultural products are rice, rubber, and sugar-cane, and
production in all exports will continue to grow as the
government has been promoting Thailand as “The Kitchen of the
World.” To ensure a high quality of food and reduce risks, there
are many food control agencies charged with regular
inspections. Several Thai products require quality assurance
standards from these organizations.
Thailand has gained a good reputation for producing good food
ingredient products like sauces and seasonings. Its resources
and favorable wages make the Kingdom an appealing hub for
investment. A growing trend among Thai people is healthcare
products and organic foods. Many companies are now investing
in innovations and research for healthier food products. At the
same time, snacks have been growing in popularity with fish
snacks being most well received.
Agribusiness interest in reforestation with fast growing tree
species began in the late 1970s as government aimed to reduce
the costs of importing of pulp and paper. The Royal Forestry
Department determined Eucalyptus camandulensis to be the
most suitable species and granted 30 year land concessions to
agribusiness firms for rents of one baht per rai per year, later
raised to 10 baht. Plans for reforestation showed a 40 percent
31. total national forest cover with 25 percent being commercial
plantations, a policy supported through tax privileges for
investment in paper mills, pulp companies, and plantation
development. Global rises in pulp prices attracted many big
companies
http://www.thailandtoday.in.th/node/7731.11 Food
biotechnology
Food biotechnology is the use of technology to modify the
genes of our food sources. Our food sources are animals, plants,
and microorganisms. With food biotechnology, the world uses
what it knows about science and genetics to improve the food
we eat.
Thailand boasts one of the most advanced food processing
industries in Southeast Asia. Comprised of over 10,000 food-
processing companies, the export-oriented food industry the
most of it. The industry is expected to surpass US$33 billion
within the next two years. Leveraging its rich agricultural roots
and abundant natural resources, Thailand has attained reputable
status not only regionally but also worldwide, being the sole net
food exporter in Asia and ranking as one of the top five world
net food exporters.
Advancements in biotechnology further cemented its regional
leadership as a major agricultural exporter through the creation
32. of new products, improvement of existing products and
increased food safety. Additionally, biotechnology also
enhances crop yields and reduces the costs of agricultural
products, boosting the overall commercial value of the food
sector. At the same time, strict adherence to top-notch quality
and hygiene standards is crucial to the success in the global
food processing industry. Investments in biotechnology research
and development facilities enable product development and
improvements in product quality, allowing strong and persistent
growth of the industry.
The current food biotechnology projects in Thailand include
field testing DNA techniques in transgenic plants to yield
resistance to diseases, pests and biotic stress. It also process
germ plasma collection in plants such as cucumber, chili, sweet
corn, rice, cassava and sugarcane. Further, it looks into the
plants and food for the development that is used in the
pharmaceutical and food industries. Till date, more than 80
agro-businesses have invested in the country. Biotechnology
assists these companies to upgrade their products and strengthen
their research and development capabilities, increasing their
overall competitiveness.
Plant breeding development
In Thailand, technologies, such as Marker Assisted Selection,
gene discovery and transformation systems, are adopted for
plant breeding with desired traits, including markers for
33. fragrance, cooking quality and disease resistance in rice, and
sweetness in sugarcane. For example, MAS is used with
conventional breeding to breed fragrant rice varieties resistant
to flooding, bacterial leaf blight and brown leafhopper.
Genetic engineering policy: Transgenic plants
The National Biotechnology and Bio-safety Policy framework
focused on utilizing biotechnology for the prosperity of the
business, the self-sufficient economy, and the wellness of
society. The National Biotechnology Policy Committee issued a
genetically modified organism’s roadmap for building R&D
capabilities from research and development to
commercialization. Thailand has adopted the Bio-safety
guidelines for laboratory work and field work and planned
release and now Thailand is preparing to develop a Bio-safety
law.
http://www.thinkasiainvestthailand.com/download/biotechnolog
y.pdf
1.12 Food production, marketing and product
development1.12.1 Food Production
Thailand has increased the efficiency of its agriculture, using
34. economic concepts such as investment benefits and opportunity
costs as the basis for production increases. Imported
agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizer, and other
chemicals such as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, plus
fuel, farm machinery and hybrid seeds, have been introduced to
increase production. These have replaced locally produced farm
inputs such as compost, manure, herbs and power from draft
animals. Higher yields have resulted from this increase in
agricultural inputs. From this point of view, the increase in farm
inputs has given Thailand a considerable profit in food
production.
Thailand also believes that to achieve sustainable food
production at a national level requires hard and cooperative
work by various institutions working in cooperation. It involves
the recognition of problems in agriculture, analysis of which
can lead to appropriate technologies, and implementation which
fits in with physical and socio-economic determinants, while
aiming at environmental conservation at all times. There are a
number of ways in which sustainable crop production can be
achieved.
Mixed cropping system
Any type of cropping system which has a higher degree of
biodiversity is considered important. There are vast areas of
Thailand where sufficient rainfall is available and soil structure
is adequate to allow for a multiple cropping system. A grain-
35. legume-grain crop rotation, particularly rice-legume double
cropping, can be readily established. Subsistence agriculture is
still practiced over large areas of Thailand, and is dependent
upon the slash-and-burn method for food production.
Restoration of soil fertility
Thailand has begun a strong program to restore and replenish
soil fertility. The use of cash crops in a rice-based cropping
system is emphasized, providing nitrogen for the subsequent
crop. Green manure crops such as sesbania are being grown
before rice in areas such as the Northeast where soil organic
matter is particularly low. Other approaches include the use of
farm by-products such as rice straw and livestock manure to
increase soil organic matter.
Reduced Tillage or No-Tillage
Crop production based on reduced tillage is becoming
increasingly popular in Thailand as a means of controlling soil
erosion. No- tillage techniques can significantly reduce soil loss
and improve soil structure by maintaining a higher level of
organic matter. However, there are some drawbacks. Weed
36. control at planting is done by chemicals rather than mechanical
tillage, involving as great an environmental risk as normal
tillage and high costs. Since fertilizers must be applied on the
surface, there are higher losses from leaching and volatilization.
Integrated and biological pest control
In Thailand, integrated pest management is being developed
based on a combination of cultural practices, host plant
resistance, and natural enemies. There is also an emphasis on
the need for safe pesticides and better pesticide management.
Development of novel products such as growth regulators seem
to be easily integrated with non-chemical control methods.
Implementation of integrated pest management in Thailand has
been particularly successful for rice and soybean. However,
many crops still need urgent attention, especially those for
which misuse and overuse of pesticides are common, including
vegetables, fruit crops, and cash crops such as cotton.
Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Plant Improvement
Biodiversity is a fundamental element in sustainable
development. The conservation of a wide base of plant genetic
resources has direct implications for the future development and
37. enhancement of crops. Plant breeding in Thailand aims at
selecting crops and genotypes adapted to environmental
constraints. Crops should be adapted to local conditions,
including climatic factors, mineral stress and soil toxicity, and
should have durable resistance to most important pests. The
other objective is efficiency of nutrient use, and where
appropriate, of nitrogen fixation. Furthermore, breeding
programs emphasize the adaptation of crops to the entire
production system. Biotechnology is a tool which may bring
advances that were considered difficult or impossible through
conventional plant breeding, as individual characteristics can
now be transferred from one variety or species to another.
Biotechnology is also important in the production of disease-
free germ plasma and for disease diagnosis.
Adoption of technology by farmers
A huge amount of technology generated by research has not
been accepted by farmers, simply because farmers feel that it is
impractical. Recently, farming systems research has been
introduced, so that researchers have an understanding of the
farmer's situation before technology is developed. It is
important that technology should be tested under farm
conditions, and recommendations should be made only in
consultation with farmers. There is an urgent need to develop
38. and promote technology that increases or sustains productivity
at a lower cost and does not harm the environment. There is also
a need for technology which is less labor intensive.
Soil and water conservation measures to achieve sustainable
development have been designed to benefit farmers in their
application. Simple water harvesting methods can match this
requirement, as well as certain forms of minimum tillage.
Emphasis is placed on low external input farming system, to
reduce residue problems from fertilizers and pesticides, and the
cost of production inputs.1.12.2Marketing
Thailand’s food marketing sector continues to grow in 2017,
driven by strong economic growth, increasing numbers of
tourists, and government investment. Thailand is one of the
world’s leading agricultural suppliers, primarily due to its well-
developed food processing sector. The food industry is the
country’s third largest industry, contributing 23 percent to the
country’s Gross Domestic Product. As a result, Thailand is
competitive market for food and beverage products. However,
there is good sales potential for a number of products including
food preparation ingredients, whey, frozen potatoes, apples,
milk and cream, pet food, almond nuts, and raisins.
1.12.3Product development
39. A dominant strategy has been simply to buy products which are
already established in the market, rather than to develop them.
Mergers and acquisitions have contributed to decreasing R&D
investment worldwide, and they help companies acquire new
products and develop a strong market presence rapidly. In
Thailand, multinational acquire Thai food companies to gain
production facilities, distribution channel access and to
eliminate competitors. Well established Thai companies pursue
similar strategies to expand into international markets. In R&D,
this practice breeds conservatism. Local companies usually
upgrade existing products rather than attempt to introduce new
products. In Thailand, economic liberalization and relaxation in
foreign investment have attracted multinational companies,
which often gain strong positions in Asian markets through
mergers and acquisitions.
http://www.fftc.agnet.org/library.php?func=view&id=20110727
103450
1.13 Relationships between food and gender, socio-economics,
race, ethnicity
Food is central to Thai culture and plays an integral part in Thai
social relations. Sharing a meal precedes business dealings and
treating friends to a meal is an indication of social achievement,
especially if it takes place in a fancy Western restaurant. Thai
notions of identity, hierarchy and status are expressed and
40. negotiated through food. Central Thai food, epitomized by the
foods of the grand palace, is at the top of the status hierarchy in
relation to the foods and food styles of the North, Northeast and
South. Central Thailand, and especially Bangkok as the only
major urban centre, has dominated Thailand politically,
economically, socially and culturally. Central Thai cuisine is
found all over Thailand, as the Survey illustrates.
In defining Thai cuisine, however, Bangkokians have
appropriated regional foods like somtam (papaya salad). This is
a Northeastern (Isan) dish that is becoming increasingly popular
all over Thailand but especially in Bangkok and is being
redefined as a "Thai" dish. Isan food is "low status" but it is
very popular as is indicated by survey results of 91%.
Isan food is at the opposite end of the spectrum to Central Thai
food. The Northeast is the region most unlike Bangkok in every
way as the poorest and least developed region in Thailand with
the lowest standard of living but with the most distinctive
cuisine. Its cuisine relies heavily on wild greens and forest
foods.
Country foods such as wild honey, insects, frogs and snake are
difficult to get in Bangkok. They are becoming expensive and
part of a status inversion that is occurring with some Isan foods.
41. Thai values such as the public display of status, making merit,
fun, entertainment, and Seniority are all expressed and
negotiated through food. Thai also value both the modern and
the traditional, saying this is about "going with the times
without forgetting who you are". Thai notions of a meal are
based on a persistent structure that can accommodate
considerable flexibility and innovation in content.
https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/capi/assets/docs/Walker_F
ood_Consumption.pdf
Thailand is very famous for tourism. One of the reasons behind
this is that it is the only country in southeast Asia to never been
not colonized by Europeans. Because of this, everyone thinks
that it has unique culture which is not anywhere else in the
world. Thailand has become a huge destination because of this
culture.
There is a both positive and negative impact of economic, social
and cultural factors on tourism. The most obvious impact is that
tourism is the source of income for every country. According to
research done by researchers, tourists and travels contributed
20.6% of the total in the GDP of Thailand. If the country’s
tourist market is wide then it will create a great employment
opportunities for the local people. It offered 14.6 million jobs in
Thailand which is 55% of the total jobs. In addition to this,
42. Tourism doesn’t mean that people just came to see the beauty of
that place, they also need necessary things with it like hotels to
stay-in, delicious food to eat and awesome places to do
shopping. These things contributed a lot in the Thailand’s
economy. Beside these positive aspects, it also has a negative
impact. Firstly, lack of education, there is no need of any
special knowledge to do jobs in it. Most workers do like selling
goods to consumers, floor cleaning and dish washing in
restaurants which do not require any degree. Secondly, they
increase the prices of everything in tourism season, which is not
fair for local people and lastly 70% of money spent by tourists
come to restaurants, hotels, airlines and foreign owned tourist
operators.
People are more attracted towards Thailand because of the
temples and beautiful beaches and special attraction is their rich
culture and way of life. Mainly people live in Thailand are
Buddhists so they have different beliefs and culture, their
culture teaches them to be very friendly with everyone which
tourists like the most. It also has a cons for example, because of
huge amount of people visited Thailand, local people start
supplying drugs to them so that they can earn more income
illegally. But it leads to increase in crime rate. Because of high
demand of tourists, foreign companies run the local companies
places which results in less earnings of local people.
There is no doubt that the culture of the country promotes the
43. destination. Like in Thailand as well, their culture promote it to
tourists. It helps to make distinctive from other country. It helps
to adapt the changes of each other’s country like, language, way
of dressing, eating habbits .
All the tourism factors contributing to the positive and negative
aspects of tourism.
The culture in Thailand is way different from western culture. It
is hard for everyone to adopt theirs and more hard for the
people of Thailand to adopt ours. They don’t say good
afternoon, good morning and good evening, they say WAI that
is the way they used to greet people.
Specialities of thailand:
· Destination weddings
· Exotic honeymoons
· Off-the-beaten-path tailor-made trips
· Israel and Jordan
· Maldives & Seychelles
Eating customs:
In Thailand, it can be seen that or its their culture that only
senior ladies order the food and bill goes to the richest person.
They usually eat with chopsticks but now they are changing
some traditions and trying to adopt western culture like they
start eating with a knife and fork. But still they believe in old
44. thai traditions and superstitions for example they think that if
you leave your chopsticks in a bowl then it is considered as a
bad luck. If you leave your food a bit on your plate then they
consider it a good that means you are full, but if you leave rice
then it is considered wasteful.
Food is the main thing that comes in the mind of people when
they think about Thailand. Aromatic spices, and
a distinctive blend of sweet, sour, salty, and savory
flavors characterize Thai cuisine.
The typical Thai meal consists of rice served alongside various
curries, sauces, and vegetable dishes. Soups are an important
part of the meal, and often include a unique blend of spices and
flavors. Noodles are also popular. Thailand’s markets and street
food are a huge part of Thai food culture.
Food is served in two ways :
“raad khao” (individual dish)
“gap khao” (seperate dish)
· Individual Dish
In the past, Thai people had large families. Due to the difficulty
of eating together at the same time, placing the rice side dish
and the rice on the same dish and serving individually is to
some extent supplanting the traditional Thai dining style.
· Separated Dish
The rice side dishes are separately served with the rice (not
45. same dish). Normally, this style is suitable for eating with
others. The shared rice side dishes are in the center of the
circle. Each has their own rice while the side dishes are shared
by transferring them with the shared spoons to the individual
rice dishes.
Their food is also different from others, but people like to
trying different dishes. But their customs and beliefs are not
right like to leave chopsticks in a bowl is not good. Tourists
doesn’t know these things when they visit the country and if
they come to know about this later then they will not feel good.
References
46. (2018, November 22). The Economic, Social and Environmental
Impacts of Tourism in Thailand. Retrieved November 24, 2018,
from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/tourism/tourism-in-
thailand.php
(2017, May 13). Tourism in Thailand. Retrieved November 24,
2018, from https://maytermthailand.org/2017/05/13/tourism-in-
thailand/
(2017, May 20). Thailand food security and nutrition. Retrieved
November 24, 2018, from
http://www.compact2025.org/files/2017/06/06.2017_Thailand-
south-south-learning-draft-case-study.pdf
Fahaduddin. Mohammed
Food system alternatives:
Same as every country’s government even Thai government is
focused on high production of agricultural products and more
exports to boost country’s economy. Use of different
agricultural strategies and poor farming methods and
inappropriate use of agro-chemicals resulted in soil erosion in
Thailand.
47. Alternate farming:
Alternate farming has started in Thailand and in Japan long ago.
There were common practices by these two countries and that
has categorized below.
Fukoaka Nature farming:
It was started in the year 1938 by Mr. Masanobu Fukoaka a
Microbiologist and soil scientist. Fukoaka explains the
importance of natural products than man-made products.
Concept:
In Fukoaka farming method there is least involvement of nature
by evaluating ploughing, chemical pesticides and fertilizers,
weeding etc., he even insisted the use of “seed balls” it’s a
mixture of different species of seeds with the mixture of clay
and made into small balls.
The concept is not just for cultivation but also for perfect
farming. This concept was not widely used but still used in
spiritual farming.
Positive implication:
This concept was used by many farmers in Thailand for the
second term of food production. This is the quickest way, less
hard work and less time consuming process.
Negative implications: grown rice with this process has limited
the rice straw and without weeding plants are not growing
properly.so later on many framers stopped using this method but
this method is used in spiritual farming.
48. Mokichi farming:
Mokichi okada started this concept of farming called “no-
fertilizer farming” which means no use of chemicals and to get
rid of poison in soil as resulted in natural production. This
method of farming called Kyusei and the main concept of this
farming is saving the world through natural farming.
Concept:
Kyusei farming has 5 objectives
1. To produce high quality of food
2. To be economically and spiritually benefitted to both farmers
and customers
3. To be sustainable
4. To be environmentally sound
5. To be able to produce enough food for an expanding world
population
The main concept of this method to produce food spiritually and
naturally and to benefit the use of microorganisms (EM). In
1993 farmers in Thailand used this concept as there were facing
many problems associating with pests and weeds etc.,
Positive aspects:
EM solutions are widely made available for better quality and it
is sold for only 40 baths. Even government bodies and NGOs.
The fact is that EM is giving best results for natural farming
and this kyusei system is backed with well established
infrastructure and research labs.
49. Negative aspects:
As EM the resulted to be effective in short term but there is no
such information that EM will have no soil erosions and quality
problem in long term. There are researchers who are still
working on it. As a result many farmers have limited the use of
EM.
Santi Asoke nature farming:
Santi Asoke is a Buddhist sect they have used the concept of
Fukoaka and they have limited the use of Santi Asoke to the
members of their sect and they have raised funds from their sect
to expand this concepts. They use the same natural farming as
Fukoaka and they forbid the killing of living creatures.
Concept:
Santi Asoke farming has developed from organic and Fukoaka
farming but its different from organic farming as they forbid
they killing of pests and they do not use EM. The produced
agriculture from this method is used only by Santi Asoke
members like in their restaurants and as they believe no
chemicals and no killing of animals in order to protect their
agriculture they send funds to the charity of Santi Asoke in
order to sustain their agriculture.
Positive impacts:
Santi Asoke can produce enough agricultural products for all
their community members and extra agricultural products they
send it across Thailand so that Santi Asoke in other part of the
50. country can enjoy products of their choice. These members will
never have shortage of agricultural products as they are not
selling it to the rest of Thailand.
Negative impacts:
They may not make enough money to develop this concept as
they may receive small amount of charity from their members.
Santi Asoke doesn’t share their concept to other so it will be
difficult to trace problems if any. They have their own farming
philosophy and they practice only that. They may not know any
diseases associated with this method.
Integrated agricultural and aquacultural:
This method of farming places focused of symbiosis of
livestock, crops and fishes and limits the use of agrochemicals.
It is considered as alternative agriculture because of its
symbiosis.
Concept:
This method is introduced so that it can help small farms and
can take mutual advantage between fish, livestock and crops and
can increase the productivity and profitability of the small
farms in an organic way and off-farm. They wanted to create an
on-farm and maintain ecological balance between them. Many
studies suggested that it is highly possible to generate more
profits and make good productivity out of it.
Positive impacts:
This concept has replaced conventional agriculture in Thailand
51. and resulted in generating more profits and more productivity in
almost all parts of Thailand. And they have made it possible to
maintain ecological balance across the country.
Negative impacts:
There are more possibilities getting tasteless agricultural
products like fruits and vegetables. Marine life remains healthy
and strong only in natural water and they may use GMOs.
Permaculture:
This concept was started by an Australian ecologist Bill
Mollison in 1978. “Permaculture’s concept is to integrate
human dwelling, micro-climate, plants, animals and water
management into stable communities”. Its can organic farming
method that is helpful for small farms, household farms etc.,
and this method was introduced in response to the “failure of
world food system”.
Concept:
Permaculture is a philosophy of farming but not any chemicals.
The activities considered under this philosophy are Organic
farming, agro-frosty, tree-crops, and the use of appropriate
techniques that are suitable for environment. The main concept
of this method is to produce enough food for all small farms,
households and surplus food to the world.
Positive impact:
This concept is favorable to the small farms and households.
Protect food from political bargain chip. They are aiming is to
52. maintain environmentally sustainable and the fruit of their hard
work should reach to the desired people.
Negative impact:
This method has very small market and it has very little impact
in Thailand. Farmers have noticed that trees are occupying more
space and that can reduce sun light results in limiting crop
growth. Most of the farmers ignored the used of this method in
Thailand. This philosophy is not applicable to all type of lands.
Organic farming:
Modern Organic farming was started in Britain in 1943. Organic
farming has introduced in order to produce healthy food, avoid
chemicals and pests in agricultural crops etc,. For better human
health.
Concept:
To produce food in accordance with ecosystem management.
Things that are taken into consideration for organic farming.
Marinating soil fertility, recycling farm products, maintaining
nitrogen self-sufficiency, controlling weeds, pests and diseases
and careful attention to the impact of farm etc.,
Positive implications:
There were only 10% farmers using this concept in Thailand
before but, later on numbers began to grow. It produces healthy
food, more earth friendly and more sustainable farming method,
53. almost very less use of weed etc.,
Negative impacts:
Its time consuming process and requires more attention where
crops are grown. Can’t produce more quantity from same crops,
costly process and it is more expensive food to buy than non-
organic food.
HORIZON INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS SITE. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://www.solutions-site.org/node/47.
Assessing the food system for global context:
Assessing the food system for the global context has
characterized into 6 steps there are as follows:
Recognize the problem:
It is important to recognize the problem associated with food
system in Thailand from sowing seed to the food on the table
every process to be carefully examined and it should be
communicated with the government health officials and to be
able to obtain necessary safety requirements for food.
Scope:
By considering appropriate boundaries, components and
assumptions in the supply of food chain in the country and
around the world. Then there should be “appropriate methods of
analysis and synthesis”. How it will be affecting health,
environment, social and economic factors in the supply of food
54. chain. What are the steps to be taken for appropriate output.
Scenario:
There should be a baseline for the food system. We have to take
alternatives to compare best suitable for food system. We
should even recognize how it is affecting social, economical,
health and environmental factors and if any inappropriateness is
recognized that alternative should be terminated for use in the
food system.
Analysis:
After selecting best alternative out of it. We should interpret the
data and should make sure if it is safe to use and is it matching
all the factors. Then we should send it for the “public and
private decision making”.
Synthesis:
Outcome of the alternatives are important and enough judgment
should be made. Both benefits and harm of the scientific results
to be enclosed. The best of the scenario should be displayed
and it replay on decision makers and stakeholders to select best
scenario out of it.
Report to the stakeholders:
Clearly written report of scope, interpretation, implementation,
analysis, assumptions, and outcome to be discussed with the
stakeholders, government officials and civilians. Information
should be written clearly, understandable, transparency, detailed
55. to make good decision. Based on the national academic of
science report decision making of risk management
communicating and involvement of stakeholder are considered
as very important role. Because information from stakeholder
helps to figure out important issues, problems of the
assessment, errors of alternatives etc.
7