Outcome-Based Education (OBE) focuses on defining learning outcomes that students should achieve by the end of a program or course. It emphasizes aligning curriculum, instruction, and assessment with these outcomes. OBE can have immediate outcomes like skills developed in a single class, or deferred outcomes like career skills. Understanding by Design (UbD) is an instructional design framework that begins with defining learning objectives and assessments, then creates learning experiences to achieve the objectives. Outcome-Based Teaching and Learning (OBTL) aligns instructional methods with predefined outcomes to help students achieve them through active learning. The three approaches differ in their scope, with OBE applying at the program or institutional level, OBTL at the