#دكتور_حاتم_البيطار #دحاتم_البيطار #timodentist 📞01005684344 💬 واتس 01202389028 Dr Hatem ElBitar د حاتم البيطار أستشاري وجراح أسنان زميل الزمالة المصرية محاضر ادارة المستشفيات ومكافحة العدوى 01005684344 #دحاتم_البيطار http://bit.ly/2xzMIlo

1. Infection control
diploma
Papered by :Tmomen Almanori
Under Supervision of Dr Hatem Al-bitar
Assignment 16

2. Give an account on infection control team department of duties?
-Infection Control Team coordinates implementation of all infection prevention and control activities.
-The team is responsible for day-to-day functioning of infection control program.
- Periodical training of all category staff about Infection Control Protocols and Policies.
-Establish standard operational procedures for Infection Control practices.
- Introduce new policies and protocols on the method of disinfection and sterilization.
Surveillance system objective definition structure?
Public health Surveillance:-
Public health surveillance is the On-going, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-
related data and dissemination for use in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health
practice on a specific disease or other health-related event.
Such surveillance can:
1-serve as an early warning system for impending public health emergencies;
2-document the impact of an intervention, or track progress towards specified goals; andmonitor and
clarify the epidemiology of health problems, to allow priorities to be set and to inform public health
policy and strategies.

3. Aims of Surveillance (2)
Public Health aims•
- Assess public health status (monitor trends, detect outbreaks)- prevent and
control disease•
-Define public health priorities plan considering impact of hazard, exposure,
disease
■ Evaluate public health programs- make decisions regarding interventions.
■ Stimulate or inform research- generate hypotheses, inform methodology.

4. Types of Surveillance:-
1-Passive.
- Inexpensive, provider-initiated.
- Good for monitoring large numbers of typical health events Under-reporting is a
problem.
2-Active.
- More expensive, Health Department-initiated.
- Good for detecting small numbers of unusual health events.
3-Enhanced.
- Rapid reporting and communication between surveillance agencies and
stakeholders.
- Best for detecting outbreaks and potentially severe public health problems.

5. Immediate notifiable communicable diseases:-AFP_ cholera_ diphtheria_ and anthrax?
Anthrax :-
The bacteria Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.
The bacteria is a small aerobic or facultatively-anaerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable,
encapsulated, spore-forming rod.
The organism produces toxins which are important for clinical virulence. It grows well on blood
agar resulting in large, irregular-shaped colonies.
There are four types of anthrax: cutaneous (affecting the skin), inhalation (affecting the lungs),
gastrointestinal (affecting the digestive system), and injection anthrax (affecting the skin or other
body parts).
Anthrax is diagnosed when the Bacillus anthracis bacterium is found in the blood, skin lesions or
respiratory secretions by a laboratory culture.
It can also be diagnosed by measuring specific antibodies in the blood of infected persons.
anthracis spores can be used as a biological weapon.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifies agents with recognized
bioterrorism potential into three categories: A, B and C. Anthrax is classified as a Category A agent.
All types of anthrax infection can be treated with certain antibiotics. FDA has approved two
vaccines, BioThrax and Cyfendus, to prevent disease in persons 18 through 65 years of age following
suspected or confirmed Bacillus anthracis exposure, when administered in conjunction with
recommended antibacterial drugs.

7. AFP:- acute flaccid paralysis.
Definition of AFP
⚫ sudden onset of weakness or paralysis in a
previously normal limb over a period of 15 days in a
patient aged less than 15 years age.
⚫ It is a Lower motor neurone lesion

8. How diagnosis of acute flaccid myelitis'.

10. Cholera:-
Cholera is an acute disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Cholera was localized in Asia until 1817, when a first pandemic spread from India to several other
regions of the world.
Although shock and severe dehydration are the worst complications of cholera, other problems can
occur, such as:
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Dangerously low levels of blood sugar (glucose) — the body's main
energy source — can occur when people become too ill to eat.....only way to confirm a diagnosis is
to identify the bacteria in a stool sample.
Rapid cholera dipstick tests enable doctors in remote areas to quickly confirm a cholera diagnosis.
Oral or intravenous hydration is the primary treatment for cholera. In conjunction with hydration,
treatment with antibiotics is recommended for severely ill patients.
It is also recommended for patients who have severe or some dehydration and continue to pass a large
volume of stool during rehydration treatment.

12. Diphteria:-
Acute infectious disease caused by toxigenic strains of Coryne bacterium diphtheriae.
-3 major clinical types-anterior nasal, facial, laryngeal Skin, conjunctiva, vulva and other parts may be
affected.
Bacilli multiply locally in throat and produce powerful exotoxin.
Infection found in the age group of 1-25 years.
• The first sign of diphtheria is a whitish or grey patch in throat.
•But it's not unique to diphtheria as other conditions can also produce a membranous patch on throat
(Diphtheria (Greek) - means "membrane.)

15. Treatment of diphteria:-
•Prevention of further toxin production.
• Control of local infection.
• Reduction of transmission
Antibiotics
>Penicillin G (1200 mg,6 hourly i.v.)or amoxicillin (500mg,8 hourly)should be administered
for 2 weeks to eliminat c. diphtheriae.
>Erythromycin orally or by injection (40 50mg,kg,day: maximum 2gm,kg,day) for 14days.