ashish malhotra
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This document compares Belgium and Sri Lanka in terms of their linguistic diversity and the resulting political tensions. Belgium has Dutch and French-speaking populations, while Sri Lanka has Sinhala and Tamil populations. Belgium adopted a federal system that recognizes both languages and gives regional autonomy, avoiding civic tensions. In contrast, Sri Lanka took majoritarian measures favoring Sinhala that denied Tamils equal rights and led to the civil war seeking a separate Tamil state. The document argues Belgium's system has helped maintain unity while accommodating diversity.
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Conflict in Sri Lanka
The conflict in Sri Lanka is between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority over citizenship, language, and ethnic tensions. The Tamils felt discriminated against through citizenship laws in the 1940s-60s, the switch to making Sinhala the sole official language, and government resettlement policies that affected Tamil lands. This led to peaceful protests turning violent and the formation of the Tamil Tigers separatist group. The decades-long civil war had political consequences like armed conflict and foreign intervention attempts, along with economic consequences like unemployment, loss of investment, and decline in tourism. It also had social consequences as many Tamil Sri Lankans were displaced both within the country and abroad as refugees.
Chapter 4 - Causes of Sri Lanka Conflict
Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
These slides are used to explain the causes of Sri Lanka conflict in the Social Studies syllabus in Singapore. There are 4 causes of conflict leading up to the rise of the Tamil Tiger or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Find out more in these slides.
Any feedback is welcome.
Conflict in Sri Lanka
The document discusses two examples of countries divided along racial and religious lines: Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland. In both countries, the major disagreements have centered around issues of citizenship rights, language/education policies, control of government and economic resources. These disagreements have at various times led to armed conflicts, violence, unemployment and loss of investment in both Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland.
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The document provides background information on the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka between the Sinhalese and Tamil populations. It discusses the demographics of Sri Lanka, highlighting the uneven distribution of ethnic groups. It then outlines four key reasons for the conflict: citizenship rights issues in the 1940s-50s, the 1956 Sinhala Only language policy, discrimination in university admissions after 1970, and government resettlement policies moving Sinhalese into Tamil areas from the 1950s. The consequences of the conflict included armed violence, unemployment, loss of investment, declining tourism, and displacement of Tamils. Foreign intervention from India attempted but failed to broker peace agreements.
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Conflict in Sri Lanka
The conflict in Sri Lanka is between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority over citizenship, language, and ethnic tensions. The Tamils felt discriminated against through citizenship laws in the 1940s-60s, the switch to making Sinhala the sole official language, and government resettlement policies that affected Tamil lands. This led to peaceful protests turning violent and the formation of the Tamil Tigers separatist group. The decades-long civil war had political consequences like armed conflict and foreign intervention attempts, along with economic consequences like unemployment, loss of investment, and decline in tourism. It also had social consequences as many Tamil Sri Lankans were displaced both within the country and abroad as refugees.
Chapter 4 - Causes of Sri Lanka Conflict
Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
These slides are used to explain the causes of Sri Lanka conflict in the Social Studies syllabus in Singapore. There are 4 causes of conflict leading up to the rise of the Tamil Tiger or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Find out more in these slides.
Any feedback is welcome.
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The document discusses power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. It provides details on:
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2) Ways Belgium accommodated regional differences, such as having equal Dutch and French ministers and independent state governments.
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Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
These slides are used to illustrate the consequences of Sri Lanka conflict between the Tamils and the Sinhalese. One of the consequences is the rise of the Tamil youths which organised themselves and form the infamous Tamil Tigers or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Any feedback is welcome. Thank you for viewing.
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1. The document discusses power sharing in democracies using examples from Belgium and Sri Lanka.
2. In Belgium, power is shared between the Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Wallonian communities to avoid tensions over language and representation.
3. In Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese majority imposed their language and culture on Tamils, leading to conflict and civil war as Tamils felt discriminated against and their culture threatened.
Pushpendra singh
Belgium adopted a power sharing technique where each linguistic community, whether minority or majority, was given equal representation and inclusion in decision making. This helped accommodate social and cultural diversity and reduced tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish community and French-speaking Walloon community. In contrast, Sri Lanka adopted a majoritarian approach where preferences were given only to the Sinhala majority, neglecting the Tamil minority, which exacerbated issues and led to civil war between the two groups.
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The document discusses power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. It provides details on:
1) Majoritarian measures taken in Sri Lanka that established Sinhala supremacy and alienated Tamils, including making Sinhala the sole official language.
2) Ways Belgium accommodated regional differences, such as having equal Dutch and French ministers and independent state governments.
3) Reasons why power sharing is desirable, including reducing conflict and upholding democratic values.
4) How power is shared horizontally among branches of government with separation of powers and checks and balances.
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Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
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Any feedback is welcome. Thank you for viewing.
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Power sharing is important for democratic governance and stability. When Sri Lanka followed a policy of majoritarianism that benefited the Sinhalese majority at the expense of the Tamil minority, it led to conflict and civil war. In contrast, Belgium's power sharing constitution that requires equal representation of Dutch and French communities in government has maintained peace between linguistic groups and allowed for political and economic development. Well-designed power sharing arrangements can reduce social conflicts, encourage political stability, and enable development, as shown by the different outcomes in Sri Lanka and Belgium from their respective majoritarian and power sharing policies.
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This document summarizes power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. It describes Belgium as having a complex ethnic composition with Dutch and French speakers, which led them to share power between central and state governments and have Dutch and French speaking ministers. Sri Lanka has ethnic tensions between the Sinhala majority and Tamil minority, which led to making Sinhala the only official language and favoring Sinhala applicants, causing civil war between the two communities. The document then defines different forms of power sharing can occur among levels of government, social groups, political parties, and movements.
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Power sharing
CBSE class 10 political science chapter - 1 power sharing.
stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka, problems faced by them, how they recover by it, what they have did, how they have shared the power, why power sharing is desirable, forms of power sharing, conclusion of the both stories and what we had learned from them. some important terms.
Power Sharing Chapter 1(Civics) class 10
This a PDF or Power Point Presentation based on Ch 1 (Power Sharing) Political Science Class 10
-And This is a very useful slide to understand chapter very easily without any doughts
-And this is a very beautiful summary of given chapter
-This would definitely helped in the 10 board Exam.
Power sharing in belgium and Srilanka. Enjoy!!!!!
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Power sharing
Belgium has successfully implemented power sharing to accommodate its Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloon populations. The constitution mandates equal representation of the linguistic groups in government. Power is also shared regionally, with autonomy given to Flemish and Walloon state governments. A similar power sharing model was not adopted in Sri Lanka, exacerbating tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority and ultimately leading to civil war. Power sharing is desirable to reduce conflicts, give all groups a stake in government, and strengthen national unity.
Power sharing-Grade 10
This document discusses power sharing in democracies using Belgium and Sri Lanka as case studies. It describes the ethnic and linguistic divisions in each country. In Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese majority imposed their language and culture on the Tamil minority, leading to civil war. Belgium adopted power sharing arrangements, distributing power across linguistic and regional divisions to accommodate diversity and avoid conflict. The document outlines various forms of power sharing like horizontal separation of powers, federalism, recognition of communities, and coalition governments.
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ashish malhotra
- 4. Belgium • 1. Belgium is a small country in Europe • 2. It has a population of a little of one crore, about half the population of Haryana. • 3. Of Belgium 's total population 59% are Dutch speaking people who live in the Flemish region, 40% are French speaking who live in the Wallonia region. Remaining 1% speak German. • In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking
- 6. Whereas, Srilanka is an island nation, just a few kilometers off the southern coast of Tamil nadu. Sri lanka has a diverse population with about 2 crore people, about the same as Haryana. Total Srilanka population has 74% Sinhala-speakers, 18% Tamil speakers and the rest 13% are called ‘Srilanka Tamils '.
- 7. The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. This was resented by the Dutch- speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later. This led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French- speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s. The tension between the two communities was more acute in Brussels. Brussels presented a special problem: the Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.
- 8. Problem in Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the north and east of the country. Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhist, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are about 7per cent Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhalas.
- 9. Independence in 1948. Leaders of Sinhala community tried to dominate and took some ‘majoritarian measures’ 1956-Act was passed-it declared Sinhala as the official language. Preferential policy-favoring Sinhalas for university education and government jobs. State shall protect and foster Buddhism. These measures created feeling of alienation among Srilankan Tamils. They felt that these policies denied them equal political rights and opportunities.
- 10. Srilankan Tamils launched parties and struggles and demanded— Recognition of Tamil as an official language Regional autonomy Equality of opportunity in education and jobs. Though all these demands were denied. In 1980’s several political organizations started demanding separate state—TAMIL EELAM Distrust developed and CIVILWAR started……….Its results: 1.Thousands of people got killed 2.Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees. 3.Many more lost their livelihood. 4.Excellent record of Srilanka’s economic development, education and health received a terrible setback.
- 11. Belgian leaders took a different path : recognized the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. The CONSTITUTION say that: • Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in central government. • Many powers of the central govt. have been given to the state govt. of two regions and state govt.s are not subordinate to the central govt. • In Brussels both communities have equal representation • Community government: elected by the people belonging to one language community, no matter where they live. This govt. has a power regarding cultural, educational & language issues.
- 12. These arrangements have worked very well for Belgium so far, as it has helped in:- Avoid civic tensions between the communities. Avoided possible division of the country on linguistic lines. When EUROPEAN UNION was formed Brussels was chosen as its headquarters.
- 13. ROHIT AHUJA X – ‘E’