As mentioned earlier, the mid-term will have conceptual and quantitative multiple-choice questions. You need to read all 4 chapters and you need to be able to solve problems in all 4 chapters in order to do well in this test. The following are for review and learning purposes only. I am not indicating that identical or similar problems will be in the test. As I have indicated in the class syllabus, all the exams in this course will have multiple-choice questions and problems. Suggestion: treat this review set as you would an actual test. Sit down with your one page of notes and your calculator, and give it a try. That way you will know what areas you still need to study. ADMN 210 Answers to Review for Midterm #1 1) Classify each of the following as nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio data. a. The time required to produce each tire on an assembly line – ratio since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of” b. The number of quarts of milk a family drinks in a month - ratio since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of” c. The ranking of four machines in your plant after they have been designated as excellent, good, satisfactory, and poor – ordinal since it is ranking data only d. The telephone area code of clients in the United States – nominal since it is a label e. The age of each of your employees - ratio since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of” f. The dollar sales at the local pizza house each month - ratio since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of” g. An employee’s identification number – nominal since it is a label h. The response time of an emergency unit - ratio since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of” 2) True or False: The highest level of data measurement is the ratio-level measurement. True (you can do the most powerful analysis with this kind of data) 3) True or False: Interval- and ratio-level data are also referred to as categorical data. False (Interval and ratio level data are numeric and therefore quantitative, NOT qualitative….Nominal is qualitative) 4) A small portion or a subset of the population on which data is collected for conducting statistical analysis is called __________. A sample! A population is the total group, a census IS the population, and a data set can be either a sample or a population. 5) One of the advantages for taking a sample instead of conducting a census is this: a sample is more accurate than census a sample is difficult to take a sample cannot be trusted a sample can save money when data collection process is destructive 6) Selection of the winning numbers is a lottery is an example of __________. convenience sampling random sampling nonrandom sampling regulatory sampling 7) A type of random sampling in which the population is divided into non-overlapping subpopulations is called __________. stratified random sampling cluster sampling systematic random sampling regulatory sampling 8) A ...

1. As mentioned earlier, the mid-term will have conceptual and
quantitative multiple-choice questions. You need to read all 4
chapters and you need to be able to solve problems in all 4
chapters in order to do well in this test.
The following are for review and learning purposes only. I am
not indicating that identical or similar problems will be in the
test. As I have indicated in the class syllabus, all the exams in
this course will have multiple-choice questions and problems.
Suggestion: treat this review set as you would an actual test. Sit
down with your one page of notes and your calculator, and give
it a try. That way you will know what areas you still need to
study.
ADMN 210
Answers to Review for Midterm #1
1) Classify each of the following as nominal, ordinal,
interval, or ratio data.
a. The time required to produce each tire on an assembly line
– ratio since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack
of”
b. The number of quarts of milk a family drinks in a month -
ratio since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of”
c. The ranking of four machines in your plant after they have
been designated as excellent, good, satisfactory, and poor –
ordinal since it is ranking data only
d. The telephone area code of clients in the United States –
nominal since it is a label
e. The age of each of your employees - ratio since it is
numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of”

2. f. The dollar sales at the local pizza house each month - ratio
since it is numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of”
g. An employee’s identification number – nominal since it is
a label
h. The response time of an emergency unit - ratio since it is
numeric with a valid 0 point meaning “lack of”
2) True or False: The highest level of data measurement is the
ratio-level measurement.
True (you can do the most powerful analysis with this kind of
data)
3) True or False: Interval- and ratio-level data are also
referred to as categorical data.
False (Interval and ratio level data are numeric and therefore
quantitative, NOT qualitative….Nominal is qualitative)
4) A small portion or a subset of the population on which data
is collected for conducting statistical analysis is called
__________.
A sample! A population is the total group, a census IS the
population, and a data set can be either a sample or a
population.
5) One of the advantages for taking a sample instead of
conducting a census is this:
a sample is more accurate than census
a sample is difficult to take
a sample cannot be trusted
a sample can save money when data collection process is
destructive
6) Selection of the winning numbers is a lottery is an example
of __________.
convenience sampling
random sampling

3. nonrandom sampling
regulatory sampling
7) A type of random sampling in which the population is
divided into non-overlapping subpopulations is called
__________.
stratified random sampling
cluster sampling
systematic random sampling
regulatory sampling
8) A type of random sampling in which every kth item (where
k is some number) in the population is selected for inclusion in
the sample is called __________.
stratified random sampling
cluster sampling
systematic sampling
regulatory sampling
9) Judgment sampling is an example of __________.
convenience sampling
random sampling
nonrandom (non-probabilistic) sampling
justice department sampling
10) For the following data, construct a frequency distribution
with six classes.
57 23 35 18 21
26 51 47 29 21
46 43 29 23 39
50 41 19 36 28
31 42 52 29 18
28 46 33 28 20
Class width = (high – low)/6 = (57 – 18)/6 = 6.5. Let’s round
up to 7 for convenience. NOTE: each student will have
something slightly different!

4. Class Interval Frequency
18 - under 25 8 just count up how many observations
are 18 through 24
25 - under 32 8
32 - under 39 3
39 - under 46 4
46 - under 53 6
53 - under 60 1
TOTAL 30
11) What type of graph would be most appropriate for the
frequency distribution above?
Pie chart
Bar chart
Pareto diagram
Histogram
12) For the following frequency distribution, determine the
relative frequency, percent, and the cumulative frequency.
*Round your answer to 3 decimal places, the tolerance is +/-
0.001.
Class Interval Frequency Relative Frequency Percent
Cumulative Frequency
20–under 25 17 17/82 = .207* 20.7%
17
25–under 30 20 20/82 = .244* 24.4%
17 + 20 = 37
30–under 35 16 .195* 19.5%
37 + 16 = 53
35–under 40 15 .183* 18.3%
53 + 15 = 68
40–under 45 8 .098* 9.8%

5. 68 + 8 = 76
45–under 50 6 .073* 7.3%
76 + 6 = 82
TOTAL 82 1.000 100.0%
13) True or False: Frequency distribution is a summary of data
presented in the form of class intervals and frequencies.
True – that’s the definition of a frequency distribution!
14) True or False: The range of a data set is defined as the
difference between the mean and the median.
False – Range is the difference between the highest and lowest
numbers in the data!
15) True or False: The sum of the relative frequencies of a
grouped data set is always equal to one.
True – don’t forget, relative frequencies are just decimal
versions of percentages, and percentages have to add up to
100%.
16) The U.S. Department of the Interior releases figures on
mineral production. Following are the values (in billions of
dollars) of the 15 leading states in nonfuel mineral production
in the United States in 2008.
1.68, 1.81, 1.85, 1.89, 2.05, 2.05, 2.08, 2.74, 3.21, 3.30, 4.00,
4.17, 4.20, 6.48, 7.84
a. Calculate the mean, median, and mode.
Mean = sum of all data/15 = $3.29 billion
Median: the position = 2*(15+1)/4 = 8th location = $2.74
billion
Mode: 2.05 since it is the only value that appears more than
once
b. Calculate the range, interquartile range, sample variance,
and sample standard deviation.

6. Range = 7.84 – 1.68 = 6.16
Interquartile range = Q3 – Q1.
Q1 is at the following location: (15+1)/4 = 4th
location = $1.89 billion
Q3 is at the following location: 3*(15+1)/4 =
12th location = $4.17 billion
So Interquartile range = 4.17 – 1.89 = 2.28
NOTE: make sure you understand what quartiles
mean!
Sample variance = 3.3321 (See below)
Sample standard deviation = 1.8254 (see below)
Value ($ billions)
X-mean
squared
1.68
-1.61
2.5921
1.81
-1.48
2.1904
1.85
-1.44
2.0736

7. 1.89
-1.40
1.9600
2.05
-1.24
1.5376
2.05
-1.24
1.5376
2.08
-1.21
1.4641
2.74
-0.55
0.3025
3.21
-0.08
0.0064

8. 3.30
0.01
0.0001
4.00
0.71
0.5041
4.17
0.88
0.7744
4.20
0.91
0.8281
6.48
3.19
10.1761
7.84
4.55
20.7025

9. TOTAL
49.35
46.6496
MEAN
3.29
Variance
3.3321
=46.6496/(15-1)
SD
1.8254
=sqrt(3.3321)
c. Compute the coefficient of skewness for these data and
interpret. [Ignore]
Just use the Data Analysis portion of Excel and interpret. It is
1.48, so there is a right skew of the data (slightly long right
hand tail)
17) The following graphic of residential housing data
(selling price and size in square feet) indicates:
a correlation close to -1
a correlation close to 0 (no relation between the two variables)
a correlation close to 1
a negative relationship between the two variables

10. 18) The Polk Company reported that the average age of a car
on U.S. roads in a recent year was 7.5 years.
a) Suppose the distribution of ages of cars on U.S. roads is
approximately bell-shaped. If 99.7% of the ages are between 1
year and 14 years, what is the standard deviation of car age?
We know that 99.7% of the data are within 3 standard
deviations of the mean = 6.5 years (I found that from 14 – 7.5
or 7.5 – 1). So 6.5/3 = 2.167.
b) Suppose the standard deviation is 1.7 years and the mean is
7.5 years. Between what two values would 95% of the car ages
fall?
95% of the data falls within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
So 7.5 + 2 * 1.7 = 10.9, and 7.5 – 2 * 1.7 = 4.1.
19) A large manufacturing firm tests job applicants who
recently graduated from college. The test scores are bell shaped
with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 50.
a) What proportion of people get scores between 400 and
600?
Points are 2 standard deviations away, so 95%
b) What proportion of people get scores higher than 450?
Point is 1 standard deviation away, so 68/2 + 50 = 84%
c) Management is considering placing a new hire in an upper
level management position if the person scores in the upper
0.15% of the distribution. What is the lowest score a college
graduate can earn to qualify for the position?
(X – 500)/50 = 3 SDs, so X = 500 + 3 * 50 = 650
20) According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average
annual salary of a worker in Detroit, Michigan, is $35,748.
Suppose the median annual salary for a worker in this group is
$31,369 and the mode is $29,500.
a) Is the distribution of salaries for this group skewed? If so,
how and why?

11. Since these three measures are not equal, the distribution is
skewed. The distribution is skewed to the right because the
mean is greater than the median.
b) Which of these measures of central tendency would you
use to describe these data? Why?
Often, the median is preferred in reporting income data because
it yields information about the middle of the data while ignoring
extremes.
21) True or False: The median is the most frequently occurring
value in a set of data. False – the MODE is the most frequently
occurring, not the median
22) True or False: A disadvantage of the mean as the measure
of central tendency is that it is affected by extremely large or
extremely small values in the data set.
True – that’s why you use the median for data sets with
outliers!
23) True or False: The variance is the average of the squared
deviations about the arithmetic mean for a set of numbers.
True
24) What is the median for the following five numbers? 223,
264, 216, 218, 229
Put the data in order: 216, 218, 223, 229, 256
The center number is the median = 223
25) The second quartile of a data set is always equal to its
________.
Median (by definition)
26) The sum of deviations from the mean for a data set is equal
to __________.
Zero…that’s why we have to square the deviations to find the

12. variance and standard deviation!
27) Scores obtained by students in an advanced placement test
has a symmetric mound shaped (bell shaped) distribution with a
mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10. What is the
proportion of students who received between 60 and 80 points.
60 is 1 standard deviation to the left of center and 80 is 1
standard deviation to the right, so by the empirical rule the
answer is about 68%
28) For the previous problem, what is the proportion of
students who received less than 50 points?
Find the Z point for 50: (50 – 70)/10 = -2. The area between -2
and +2 is 95%, so the area “less than 50” is (100% - 95%)/2 =
2.5%
29) The following joint probability table contains a breakdown
on the age and gender of U.S. physicians in a recent year, as
reported by the American Medical Association.
Age of U.S. Physicians
< 35
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
> 65
TOTAL
Male
0.11
0.20
0.19
0.12
0.16

13. 0.78
Female
0.07
0.08
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.22
TOTAL
0.18
0.28
0.23
0.14
0.17
1.00
a) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is 35–44 years old?
P(35 – 44) = .28/1.00 = .28
NOTE: in a probability table (as opposed to a frequency table
like the one in example #31), you don’t really have to be
dividing by the total since the total is 1.00. I write it in to
remind you that you MUST divide by something when you are
finding probabilities!
b) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is both a woman and 45–54 years old?
P(woman and 45 – 54) = intersection = 0.04/1.00 = .04
c) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is a man or is 35–44 years old?
P(man or 35 – 44) = .78 + .28 - .20 = .86/1.00 = .86
d) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is less than 35 years old or 55–64 years old?
P(< 35 or 55 – 64) = .18/1.00 + .14/1.00 = .32 (NOTE: no need

14. to subtract anything since there are no “common points”…that
is, those two categories are mutually exclusive)
e) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is a woman if she is 45–54 years old?
P(woman | 45 – 54) = .04/.23 = 0.1739
f) What is the probability that a randomly selected physician
is neither a woman nor 55–64 years old?
P(not woman and not 55 – 64) = P(man and <54 or >65)
= (.11+.2+.19+.16)/1.00 = .66
30) Purchasing Survey asked purchasing professionals what
sales traits impressed them most in a sales representative.
Seventy-eight percent selected "thoroughness." Forty percent
responded "knowledge of your own product." The purchasing
professionals were allowed to list more than one trait. Suppose
27% of the purchasing professionals listed both "thoroughness"
and "knowledge of your own product" as sales traits that
impressed them most. A purchasing professional is randomly
sampled.
a) Make a probability table including the above information.
b) What is the probability that the professional selected
"thoroughness" or "knowledge of your own product"?
Mentioned knowledge
Didn’t mention knowledge
TOTAL
Mentioned thoroughness
.27
.78 - .27 = .51
.78
Didn’t mention thoroughness
.40 - .27 = .13

15. .60 - .51 = .09
1 - .78 = .22
TOTAL
.40
1 - .40 = .60
1.00
So P(thorough or knowledge) = (.78 + .40 - .27)/1.00 = .91
c) What is the probability that the professional selected
neither "thoroughness" nor "knowledge of your own product"?
P(neither thorough nor knowledge) = P(not thorough and not
knowledge)
= intersection = 0.09/1.00 = 0.09
d) If it is known that the professional selected
"thoroughness," what is the probability that the professional
selected "knowledge of your own product"?
P(knowledge | thorough) = .27/.78 = 0.346
e) What is the probability that the professional did not select
"thoroughness" and did select "knowledge of your own
product"?
P(didn’t mention thoroughness and did mention knowledge) =
intersection
= 0.13/1.00 = 0.13
31) The table below contains data from a sample of 200 people
regarding opinion about the latest congressional plan to
eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball
(broken down by gender).
OPINION ABOUT THE PLAN

16. For
Neutral
Against
Totals
Female
38
54
12
104
Male
12
36
48
96
Totals
50
90
60
200
Please show your work for parts "a" through "e" or no credit
will be given!
a) What is the probability that a person selected at random is for
the plan?
P(for) = 50/200 = .25
b) If we know that the person is a female, what is the
probability that the person is for the plan?
P(for | female) = 38/104 = .365
c) What is the probability that the person is male and against
the plan?
P(male and against) = 48/200 = .24
d) What is the probability that the person is male or is neutral
about the plan?

17. P(male or neutral) = (96+90-36)/200 = .75
e) Is opinion about the plan related to gender, or are opinion
and gender independent? Please use statistical concepts and
numerical calculations in your answer, or no credit will be
given.
Check to see if P(A) = P(A|B) = P(A|C) etc.
Is P(for the plan) = P(for | female)? .25 ≠ .365 so NOT
independent
32) True or False: If two events are independent, the joint
probability of the two events is always equal to the product of
the marginal probabilities of two events.
True – Think about it…P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B | A). But if A
and B are independent, then P(B | A) is the same as P(B). In
other words, if A and B are independent, the P(A and B) = P(A)
* P(B). We will use that in chapter 5 and more!
33) True or False: If the conditional probability of an event A
given another event B is same as the marginal probability of the
event A, then events A and B are mutually exclusive.
False – as I just said, if P(A | B) = P(A), that means that A and
B are independent…that doesn’t mean that A and B are mutually
exclusive. Remember: if A and B are mutually exclusive, then
if one happens, the other can’t…in other words, P(A and B) = 0.
34) If the occurrence or non-occurrence of one event does not
affect the occurrence or non-occurrence of another event, the
two events are ________________________. Independent (by
definition)
35) A listing of all elementary outcomes (i.e. the outcomes
which cannot be broken down into other events) of an
experiment (i.e. a decision making situation under uncertainty)
is called a __________.
sample space

18. 36) How many different combinations of a 3-member debating
team can be formed from a group of 16 qualified students?
16C3 = 16!/3!(16-3)! = 16 * 15 * 14/(3 * 2 * 1) = 560
Page 9
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140016001800200022002400
Square Feet
Selling Price ($1,000)
Discussion
In this Discussion, you will start thinking about how you can
best convey your message through digital media such as a
video, slide presentation, or podcast which rely on both text and
visuals to highlight a main message. If you are not readily
familiar with digital media tools, KUWC has resources that you
can review, and one of them is “PowerPoint Basics.” If you
want to try different tools beyond the basic slide presentation,
the Internet has several free tools to consider, such as
Animoto®, Prezi®, PowToon®, WeVideo®, or Fotobabble®.
When considering both the tools and visuals to include, keep in
mind the following requirements of this unit’s digital media
Assignment:
· Contains research from at least four reliable sources, including
graphics, to support the main message of the digital media
presentation
· Contains at least two visuals (e.g., photo, table, diagram,
chart, etc.)

19. · Cites research and visuals in APA citation format, both in-text
and on a References slide or separate Word document. You need
to quote material taken directly from a source. The same
standards apply to both a presentation and an essay.
· Has a clear message related to an argument for change in your
community or workplace
· Is designed to reflect the needs and interests of a specific
audience to help motivate your viewers to take action
· Backs up assertions with evidence from credible sources in the
text and cites those sources in the text and on a References slide
to allow the intended audience to research the topic further, if
desired
· Contains at least 8–10 slides (slide presentation) or lasts
approximately 45 seconds to 1 minute (video or audio)
As noted in the Learning Activities, a great deal of thought
should be put into the selection and use of visuals and text in
digital media presentations. Therefore, you will write a detailed
plan for the digital media presentation. You will also create a
draft of your digital media presentation and share it on the
Discussion Board to receive feedback from your classmates and
the instructor. You will receive peer feedback on your draft of
your digital media presentation, much like you may well receive
comments and feedback from your community members or
coworkers if they are provided access to the digital media
presentation.
When you engage in a team presentation, whether for work or
school, you want to provide support for your teammates,
acknowledge their contributions by pointing out strengths in
their work, and offer original, thoughtful feedback that will
benefit the entire team. The ability to collaborate effectively is
a crucial professional skill, and this week's discussion will help
you to build those skills.
Respond to all of the prompts below in the context of your
potential digital media presentation on an argument for change
in your community or workplace:
· Describe the argument for change you will convey in your

20. digital media presentation. Identify your primary audience,
strategies for supporting your argument, and your selected
media tool.
· Create a draft of your digital media presentation and share it
on the Discussion Board. Attach the PowerPoint file or include
a URL.
For this unit's Discussion, participation will be worth 20 points.
To earn full participation credit, you will need to respond
substantively to at least two peers' presentations. These
responses should offer substantive, constructive feedback and
offer specific suggestions for improvement. The responses
should address the following questions:
· What is the main message that you took away from the digital
media presentation?
· How well do the written text and visuals work together to
create an argument?
· How might the identified audience respond to the
presentation’s text and visuals?
· What were the strengths of the presentation?
· What are at least two areas that need improvement?
All Discussion posts and responses to peers should be written in
complete sentences using Standard American English. Before
posting, proofread for grammar, spelling, and word-choice
issues. Be sure to respond fully to every aspect of the
Discussion.
When you refer to concepts from the unit Learning Activities,
be sure to use a signal phrase like “According to . . .[name of
reading].” If you are directly quoting the Learning Activities or
another source, be sure to use quotation marks and cite the
source using proper APA in-text citations and full references.
Kaplan University Writing Center has resources on APA
citation formatting.
https://kucampus.kaplan.edu/MyStudies/AcademicSupportCente
r/WritingCenter/WritingReferenceLibrary/ResearchCitationAnd
Plagiarism/Index.aspx
You can review a sample Discussion post and response to a peer

21. by clicking on the following link: Unit 9 Sample Discussion
Assignment.
You can review a sample PowerPoint presentation by clicking
on the following link: Unit 9 Sample PowerPoint. You can also
review a video version of the same presentation by following
this link to YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2OJH5tbr2k .
You can review the rubric the instructor will use when
determining your Discussion grade by clicking on the following
link: Discussion Assignment Grading Rubric
ADMN 210
Review for Midterm #1
As mentioned earlier, the mid-term will have conceptual and
quantitative multiple-choice questions. You need to read all 4
chapters and you need to be able to solve problems in all 4
chapters in order to do well in this test.
The following are for review and learning purposes only. I am
not indicating that identical or similar problems will be in the
test. As I have indicated many times, all the exams in this
course will have multiple-choice questions and problems.
Suggestion: treat this review set as you would an actual test. Sit
down with your one page of notes and your calculator, and give
it a try. That way you will know what areas you still need to
study.
1) Classify each of the following as nominal, ordinal,
interval, or ratio data.
a. The time required to produce each tire on an assembly line
b. The number of quarts of milk a family drinks in a month
c. The ranking of four machines in your plant after they have
been designated as excellent, good, satisfactory, and poor

22. d. The telephone area code of clients in the United States
e. The age of each of your employees
f. The dollar sales at the local pizza house each month
g. An employee’s identification number
h. The response time of an emergency unit
2) True or False: The highest level of data measurement is the
ratio-level measurement.
3) True or False: Interval- and ratio-level data are also
referred to as categorical data.
4) A small portion or a subset of the population on which data
is collected for conducting statistical analysis is called
__________.
5) One of the advantages for taking a sample instead of
conducting a census is this:
a sample is more accurate than census
a sample is difficult to take
a sample cannot be trusted
a sample can save money when data collection process is
destructive
6) Selection of the winning numbers is a lottery is an example
of __________.
convenience sampling
random sampling
nonrandom sampling
regulatory sampling
7) A type of random sampling in which the population is
divided into non-overlapping subpopulations is called
__________.
stratified random sampling
cluster sampling

23. systematic random sampling
regulatory sampling
8) A type of random sampling in which every kth item (where
k is some number) in the population is selected for inclusion in
the sample is called __________.
stratified random sampling
cluster sampling
systematic sampling
regulatory sampling
9) Judgment sampling is an example of __________.
convenience sampling
random sampling
nonrandom (non-probabilistic) sampling
justice department sampling
10) For the following data, construct a frequency distribution
with six classes.
57 23 35 18 21
26 51 47 29 21
46 43 29 23 39
50 41 19 36 28
31 42 52 29 18
28 46 33 28 20
11) What type of graph would be most appropriate for the
frequency distribution above?
Pie chart
Bar chart
Pareto diagram
Histogram

24. 12) For the following frequency distribution, determine the
relative frequency, percent, and the cumulative frequency.
*Round your answer to 3 decimal places, the tolerance is +/-
0.001.
Class Interval Frequency
20–under 25 17
25–under 30 20
30–under 35 16
35–under 40 15
40–under 45 8
45–under 50 6
TOTAL 82
13) True or False: Frequency distribution is a summary of data
presented in the form of class intervals and frequencies.
14) True or False: The range of a data set is defined as the
difference between the mean and the median.
15) True or False: The sum of the relative frequencies of a
grouped data set is always equal to one.
16) The U.S. Department of the Interior releases figures on
mineral production. Following are the values (in billions of
dollars) of the 15 leading states in nonfuel mineral production
in the United States in 2008.
1.68, 1.81, 1.85, 1.89, 2.05, 2.05, 2.08, 2.74, 3.21, 3.30, 4.00,

25. 4.17, 4.20, 6.48, 7.84
a. Calculate the mean, median, and mode.
b. Calculate the range, interquartile range, sample variance,
and sample standard deviation.
c. Compute the coefficient of skewness for these data and
interpret.
17) The following graphic of residential housing data
(selling price and size in square feet) indicates:
a correlation close to -1
a correlation close to 0 (no relation between the two variables)
a correlation close to 1
a negative relationship between the two variables
18) The Polk Company reported that the average age of a car
on U.S. roads in a recent year was 7.5 years.
a) Suppose the distribution of ages of cars on U.S. roads is
approximately bell-shaped. If 99.7% of the ages are between 1
year and 14 years, what is the standard deviation of car age?
b) Suppose the standard deviation is 1.7 years and the mean is
7.5 years. Between what two values would 95% of the car ages
fall?
19) A large manufacturing firm tests job applicants who
recently graduated from college. The test scores are bell shaped
with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 50.
a) What proportion of people get scores between 400 and
600?

26. b) What proportion of people get scores higher than 450?
c) Management is considering placing a new hire in an upper
level management position if the person scores in the upper
0.15% of the distribution. What is the lowest score a college
graduate can earn to qualify for the position?
20) According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average
annual salary of a worker in Detroit, Michigan, is $35,748.
Suppose the median annual salary for a worker in this group is
$31,369 and the mode is $29,500.
a) Is the distribution of salaries for this group skewed? If so,
how and why?
b) Which of these measures of central tendency would you
use to describe these data? Why?
21) True or False: The median is the most frequently occurring
value in a set of data.
22) True or False: A disadvantage of the mean as the measure
of central tendency is that it is affected by extremely large or
extremely small values in the data set.
23) True or False: The variance is the average of the squared
deviations about the arithmetic mean for a set of numbers.
24) What is the median for the following five numbers? 223,
264, 216, 218, 229
25) The second quartile of a data set is always equal to its
________.
26) The sum of deviations from the mean for a data set is equal
to __________.
27) Scores obtained by students in an advanced placement test
has a symmetric mound shaped (bell shaped) distribution with a

27. mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10. What is the
proportion of students who received between 60 and 80 points.
28) For the previous problem, what is the proportion of
students who received less than 50 points?
29) The following joint probability table contains a breakdown
on the age and gender of U.S. physicians in a recent year, as
reported by the American Medical Association.
Age of U.S. Physicians
< 35
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
> 65
TOTAL
Male
0.11
0.20
0.19
0.12
0.16
0.78
Female
0.07
0.08
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.22
TOTAL

28. 0.18
0.28
0.23
0.14
0.17
1.00
a) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is 35–44 years old?
b) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is both a woman and 45–54 years old?
c) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is a man or is 35–44 years old?
d) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is less than 35 years old or 55–64 years old?
e) What is the probability that one randomly selected
physician is a woman if she is 45–54 years old?
f) What is the probability that a randomly selected physician
is neither a woman nor 55–64 years old?
30) Purchasing Survey asked purchasing professionals what
sales traits impressed them most in a sales representative.
Seventy-eight percent selected "thoroughness." Forty percent
responded "knowledge of your own product." The purchasing
professionals were allowed to list more than one trait. Suppose
27% of the purchasing professionals listed both "thoroughness"
and "knowledge of your own product" as sales traits that
impressed them most. A purchasing professional is randomly
sampled.
a) Make a probability table including the above information.
b) What is the probability that the professional selected
"thoroughness" or "knowledge of your own product"?
c) What is the probability that the professional selected
neither "thoroughness" nor "knowledge of your own product"?
d) If it is known that the professional selected

29. "thoroughness," what is the probability that the professional
selected "knowledge of your own product"?
e) What is the probability that the professional did not select
"thoroughness" and did select "knowledge of your own
product"?
31) From a previous midterm: The table below contains data
from a sample of 200 people regarding opinion about the latest
congressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for
professional baseball (broken down by gender).
OPINION ABOUT THE PLAN
For
Neutral
Against
Totals
Female
38
54
12
104
Male
12
36
48

30. 96
Totals
50
90
60
200
Please show your work for parts "a" through "e" or no credit
will be given!
a) What is the probability that a person selected at random is
for the plan?
b) If we know that the person is a female, what is the
probability that the person is for the plan?
c) What is the probability that the person is male and is
against the plan?
d) What is the probability that the person is male or is neutral
about the plan?
e) Is opinion about the plan related to gender, or are opinion
and gender independent? Please use statistical concepts and
numerical calculations in your answer.
32) True or False: If two events are independent, the joint
probability of the two events is always equal to the product of
the marginal probabilities of two events.
33) True or False: If the conditional probability of an event A
given another event B is same as the marginal probability of the
event A, then events A and B are mutually exclusive.
34) If the occurrence or non-occurrence of one event does not
affect the occurrence or non-occurrence of another event, the
two events are ________________________.
35) A listing of all elementary outcomes (i.e. the outcomes
which cannot be broken down into other events) of an
experiment (i.e. a decision making situation under uncertainty)

31. is called a __________.
36) How many different combinations of a 3-member debating
team can be formed from a group of 16 qualified students?
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