As a postgraduate student of economics Ive been trying to expand m.pdf
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As a postgraduate student of economics I\'ve been trying to expand my mathematical \"toolset\". While doing so I\'ve talked to engineers, physicists and mathematicians, many of which have disdained the use of mathematics in economics. Their arguments vary, but one common theme is summed up by mathematician Michael Edesess\' critique: Economics pretends to be mathematics, but it is not mathematics. There is a major difference. No mathematician uses a term in a formula, or a statement of a theorem, unless that term has first been defined with excruciating precision. And while economists may think they Solution Edesess is attacking what is really just a straw man of economics. I\'m not sure he really understands the field. To start, economics is not math. We\'re not claiming that it is. It\'s more of an \"applied\" science. Economists have never claimed that these definitions are precise in the way that mathematics is. These definitions are modeling constructs---they\'re for applied work. They\'re use is temporary in a way. The point is to try to convey an idea in a more precise way than just in words---but everyone knows that they\'re not a precise as we would like and not as precise as they ultimately should be. They\'re meant to be debated and later refined. But, as all applied scientists know, you\'ve got to start somewhere and sometimes ideas are best conveyed through simpler---if less detailed mean. Coming up with better definitions is a huge part of the economic science. Consider these examples. When the Cowles Foundation was founded in 1932 its motto was \"Theory and Measurement\" (the motto was first adopted in 1952). Measurement is not an easy thing to do. As another example, a lot of Larry Kotlikoff\'s work has dealt with how a lot of fiscal measures are not economically well-defined concepts. Einstein taught us that neither time, nor distance are well-defined physical concepts. Instead, their measurement is relative to our frame of reference.
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1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt an.docx
1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt and then spread to Greece.
True/False
2. This question is based on the presentation of logical concepts in the first reading.
Consider the following argument: "All chemists are Lutheran. Rita is Lutheran. So, Rita must be a chemist."
Is the argument …
Deductive & Invalid
Inductive & Valid
Deductive & Strong
Inductive & Weak
3. Would Socrates agree or disagree with the following statement:
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He would agree
He would disagree
4. According to the first reading, Thales asked some important "gateway" questions. Which of the following is not one of the gateway questions discussed in the reading:
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deduction
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True/False
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True/False
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Article 2The Physics and Mathematics of BusinessBy Edward G. .docx
Article 2
The Physics and Mathematics of Business
By: Edward G. Engh (2013)
Assistant Professor, Salt Lake Community College
Physics is a science. Mathematics is a science. What about Business or Engineering? Are they sciences too? Academics make a distinction. Physics and Math are sciences, but business and engineering are applications of science: they use the laws discovered elsewhere for their own reasons. Sometimes there is a danger in using an application without remembering the source. Without keeping the source of an idea in one's mind it is easy to make false associations. Every law of nature or theory of science comes with consequences; and these are not always taught. Too often the student is left completely on their own to connect a formula with a consequence. This sometimes causes us to misapply things. For example, shown below is the formula for kinetic energy:
ke = ½[m(v2)]
Where: ke = kinetic energy, m = mass, and v = velocity
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v = P (1 + r/n)nt
Where: v = value, P= the principle (or beginning amount or initial investment), r = rate of interest, n = periods of times compounding occurs per period of time, t = number of years invested)
Kinetic energy is real, it exists in the Universe, it can be measured, quantified, maximized, minimized, etc. Does this also mean that financial abstractions are real? Yes, but not in the same sense. Value exists in the mind, whereas energy (like entropy) exist in the Universe. This may seem like a subtle distinction: it is like comparing love to gravity, one exists in the mind, the other everywhere. Nevertheless it is very common to find people who treat the 'laws' of Finance (banking and mortgages) as if they were laws of nature! They are not! If one treats compound interest as if it were founded on physics there is great risk. If a nation makes important decisions on this kind of assumption, no one should be surprised if the results are not what was hoped for: collapsed economies, bankrupt companies, laid-off workers, defunct households. As with Politics and political science, Economics is scientific, but it is not a science, even if it uses the tools of calculus. It will remain a non-science until it adopts a fundamental theorem founded on empirical evidence, using the scientific method of hypothesis testing, in order to become a predictive tool.[1] Every discipline suffers from this disconnection of consequence.
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through its life cycle crises?
Solution
Different stages of life cycle are : Introduction Stage, Growth Stage, Maturity Stage, Decline
Stage.
For example let us consider IBM company, which is in Maturity stage at present. Actually IBM
has reached decline stage in early 1970\'s and 1980\'s because the company’s costs remained
level, profits dropped. But growth has returned in virtually all segments of the company. In 1995,
IBM’s sales reached almost $72 billion, up more than 12 percent from 1994. For this, Gerstner
and his team deserve great credit. Profitability was also up by 42 percent. And shareholders were
richly rewarded: earnings per share rose by 44 percent. Even the mainframe market, the heart of
IBM in the 1970s and 1980s that critics pronounced dead in the early 1990s, has recovered, with
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Answers only!Assume thatThe graph shown herecould be a gra.pdf
Answers only!
Assume that
The graph shown here
could be a graph of:
Solution
1) IF X DOUBLES THEN \'Y\' INCREASES BY 1
2) g(2+h) = 3^(2+h) = 9 * (3^(h))
CANNOT ANSWER THE 3rd and 4th parts as THE PICTURE IS NOT VISIBLE
5) L = r * (theta)
2 = 5 * (theta)
(2/5) = theta
so (x,y) = (5* cos(2/5) , 5 * sin(2/5))
6) 8e^(t) = 15
e^(t) = 15/8
t = Ln(15/8) ===============> ANS
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8) [ 0 , 1 ]
9) x = 2 and x = -2
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any unused general credit must be carried Fred and Wilma are marreid.pdf
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children. During the year, they pay the following amounts to care for their 4-year old twin sons
while they work. The amount paid to each provider is split equally between the boys. ABC Day
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Solution
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aplia ch 16
5. The Federal Reserve\'s organization
(fill in the blanks)
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aplia ch 16
5. The Federal Reserve\'s organization
(fill in the blanks)
While all members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors vote at Federal Open Market
Committee (FOMC) meetings, only______ of the regional bank presidents are members of the
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will________ government bonds.
While all members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors vote at Federal Open Market
Committee (FOMC) meetings, only______ of the regional bank presidents are members of the
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will________ government bonds.
While all members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors vote at Federal Open Market
Committee (FOMC) meetings, only______ of the regional bank presidents are members of the
FOMC.
The Federal Reserve\'s role as a lender of last resort involves lending to which of the following
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U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere
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Apply Borda Algorithm in order to rank the failures of these various.pdf
Apply Borda Algorithm in order to rank the failures of these various subsystems (Show All
Work). (Table-1 Scoring of subjective for OOTW using criteria Hierarchy)
Solution
Hello , only following information is available in question.
Apply Borda Algorithm in order to rank the failures of these various subsystems (Show All
Work). (Table-1 Scoring of subjective for OOTW using criteria Hierarchy)
Rest information like table ,scoring are not visible.So excuse me i can not answer with
insufficient information ..
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Similar to As a postgraduate student of economics Ive been trying to expand m.pdf
The trouble with economics
Presentation to Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Calgary May 28th 2016
1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt an.docx
1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt and then spread to Greece.
True/False
2. This question is based on the presentation of logical concepts in the first reading.
Consider the following argument: "All chemists are Lutheran. Rita is Lutheran. So, Rita must be a chemist."
Is the argument …
Deductive & Invalid
Inductive & Valid
Deductive & Strong
Inductive & Weak
3. Would Socrates agree or disagree with the following statement:
Each of us invents his or her own truth and if you feel it in your heart and really want it to be true then don't listen to those who criticize your belief.
He would agree
He would disagree
4. According to the first reading, Thales asked some important "gateway" questions. Which of the following is not one of the gateway questions discussed in the reading:
Does the diverse range of things we experience have a single common explanation or cause?
Does God exist?
Is the universe intelligible?
5. Scientism is the belief that science is one of many paths to truth about the world.
True/False
6. Deductive arguments always aim to show
The conclusion is probably true
The conclusion must be true
7. In the type of argument known as _____, we begin with premises about a phenomenon or state of affairs to be explained; then we reason from those premises to an explanation for that state of affairs.
deduction
inference to the best explanation
syllogism
anaological induction
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True/False
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True/False
10. According to the reading, the problem with Darwin's claim that his theory of natural selection explains all the order in nature is that no evolutionary process of natural selection is possible unless a background system of amazing complexity already exists; but since it must exist prior to any evolutionary process, it cannot be explained as the result of an evolutionary process.
True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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Article 2The Physics and Mathematics of BusinessBy Edward G. .docx
Article 2
The Physics and Mathematics of Business
By: Edward G. Engh (2013)
Assistant Professor, Salt Lake Community College
Physics is a science. Mathematics is a science. What about Business or Engineering? Are they sciences too? Academics make a distinction. Physics and Math are sciences, but business and engineering are applications of science: they use the laws discovered elsewhere for their own reasons. Sometimes there is a danger in using an application without remembering the source. Without keeping the source of an idea in one's mind it is easy to make false associations. Every law of nature or theory of science comes with consequences; and these are not always taught. Too often the student is left completely on their own to connect a formula with a consequence. This sometimes causes us to misapply things. For example, shown below is the formula for kinetic energy:
ke = ½[m(v2)]
Where: ke = kinetic energy, m = mass, and v = velocity
This formula above is a species of formula (in the mathematical sense) using algebra, like the formula financiers use for compound interest: shown below.
v = P (1 + r/n)nt
Where: v = value, P= the principle (or beginning amount or initial investment), r = rate of interest, n = periods of times compounding occurs per period of time, t = number of years invested)
Kinetic energy is real, it exists in the Universe, it can be measured, quantified, maximized, minimized, etc. Does this also mean that financial abstractions are real? Yes, but not in the same sense. Value exists in the mind, whereas energy (like entropy) exist in the Universe. This may seem like a subtle distinction: it is like comparing love to gravity, one exists in the mind, the other everywhere. Nevertheless it is very common to find people who treat the 'laws' of Finance (banking and mortgages) as if they were laws of nature! They are not! If one treats compound interest as if it were founded on physics there is great risk. If a nation makes important decisions on this kind of assumption, no one should be surprised if the results are not what was hoped for: collapsed economies, bankrupt companies, laid-off workers, defunct households. As with Politics and political science, Economics is scientific, but it is not a science, even if it uses the tools of calculus. It will remain a non-science until it adopts a fundamental theorem founded on empirical evidence, using the scientific method of hypothesis testing, in order to become a predictive tool.[1] Every discipline suffers from this disconnection of consequence.
Kinetic energy is real, but Capital is purely in man's head, it is not equivalent to kinetic energy. Too often this is painfully made clear when the books are opened in court, revealing that the capital (or wealth) was purely imaginary! Hind-site is always perfect 20/20 vision. Why do not we see these things in advance? How many times must we see many investors accept a purely abstract accounting of their capital?.
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Solution
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new mainframe computers bringing in substantial profit margins..
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Assume that
The graph shown here
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Solution
1) IF X DOUBLES THEN \'Y\' INCREASES BY 1
2) g(2+h) = 3^(2+h) = 9 * (3^(h))
CANNOT ANSWER THE 3rd and 4th parts as THE PICTURE IS NOT VISIBLE
5) L = r * (theta)
2 = 5 * (theta)
(2/5) = theta
so (x,y) = (5* cos(2/5) , 5 * sin(2/5))
6) 8e^(t) = 15
e^(t) = 15/8
t = Ln(15/8) ===============> ANS
7) ALL THE 3 STATEMENTS I , II , III ARE TRUE
8) [ 0 , 1 ]
9) x = 2 and x = -2
10) ( G(m+5) - G(5)) / m
12) ln(t+2) = x
t = e^(x) - 2
THEREFORE f^(-1) t = e^(t) - 2.
any unused general credit must be carried Fred and Wilma are marreid.pdf
any unused general credit must be carried Fred and Wilma are marreid and file a joint income tax
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children. During the year, they pay the following amounts to care for their 4-year old twin sons
while they work. The amount paid to each provider is split equally between the boys. ABC Day
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Solution
Anti-poverty programs are only made available to those with no other source of income.
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U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere
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While all members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors vote at Federal Open Market
Committee (FOMC) meetings, only______ of the regional bank presidents are members of the
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The Federal Reserve\'s role as a lender of last resort involves lending to which of the following
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U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere
Governments in developing countries during currency crises
U.S. state governments when they run short on tax revenues
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Apply Borda Algorithm in order to rank the failures of these various subsystems (Show All
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Solution
Hello , only following information is available in question.
Apply Borda Algorithm in order to rank the failures of these various subsystems (Show All
Work). (Table-1 Scoring of subjective for OOTW using criteria Hierarchy)
Rest information like table ,scoring are not visible.So excuse me i can not answer with
insufficient information ..
Any help please Find groups G and H and a surjective homomorphism .pdf
Any help please Find groups G and H and a surjective homomorphism ?: G rightarrow H such
that Z(G) Z(H)
Solution
When is the abelianization map, you get lots of examples. For example:
Let G be the group of quaternions: {±1, ±i, ±j, ±k}
Let be the map: :G--->G/{±1} = H
{±1} is the commutator subgroup of G, and so the result is the abelianization of G, which is
isomorphic to Z2 x Z2.
At any rate, H is itself Abelian, so Z(H)=H. However, Z(G)={±1}, whose image under is just
the identity of H. Therefore Z(G) is NOT equal to Z(H)..
Are decimals and fractions classified under integersSolutionI.pdf
Are decimals and fractions classified under integers?
Solution
Integers are only whole numbers and include both positive as well as negative whole numbers
and 0. An integer cannot not have a decimal or a fractional part. The set of integers is {... ?2, ?1,
0, 1, 2, ...}
When one integer is divided by another integer, the result may be a fraction or a decimal.
Though it should be kept in mind that not all decimal numbers can be expressed as one integer
divided by another. Irrational decimal number like the square root of 2 and pi cannot be
expressed as the quatient of one integer divided by another..
Are we currently in Discretionary Fiscal Policy Expanisionary or Con.pdf
Are we currently in Discretionary Fiscal Policy Expanisionary or Contractionary? Why?
Solution
Are we currently in Discretionary Fiscal Policy Expanisionary or Contractionary? Why?
Answer: US economy is currently recovering from the deep recession which hard hid US
economy in 2008-09.Gradually, US economy started recovering and now growth rate has
increased substantially. Now govt is using fiscal tapering policy that implies that Discretionary
fiscal policy which is contractionary.If govt continues to pursue same expansanary policy, it
might lead to the inflation in the economy..
Are there ethical considerations we should consider during the the e.pdf
Are there ethical considerations we should consider during the the entire innovation process? If
so, what are they? Do they occur at every step of the process? Can an innovation be morally
neutral, yet be unethical or socially irresponsible when carried out or applied? Reference, no
copy and paste. Thank you.
Solution
The Innovation Process
While the purpose of innovation is.
Are there any other parties, aside from shareholders, who have a leg.pdf
Are there any other parties, aside from shareholders, who have a legitimate interest in a
company’s financial performance? What makes their interest legitimate?
Solution
Parties interested in the company’s financial performance are as listed below
1. Investors And Lenders
Investors and lenders are interested to know the solvency position of an organization. They
analyze the financial statement position to know about the safety of their investment and ability
to pay interest and repayment of principle amount on due date.
2. Creditors
Creditors are interested in analyzing the financial statements in order to know the short term
liquidity position of an organization. Creditors analyse the financial statement to know either the
organization is enable to pay the amount of short term liabilities on due date.
3. Management
Management is interested to analyze the financial statement for measuring the effectiveness of
its policies and decisions.It analyze the financial statements to know short term and long term
solvency position,profitability,liquidity position and return on investment from the business.
4.Government
Government is interested to analyze the financial position in determining the amount of tax
liability. It also helps for formulating effective plans and policies for economic growth..
Are there any good reasons to have 12 Federal Reserve banks scattere.pdf
Are there any good reasons to have 12 Federal Reserve banks scattered around the country rather
than having everything run by the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C.? What are the costs
and benefits?
Suppose that you thought that someday you would become a member of the Board of Governors
of the Fed. How would you prepare for the job? What would you study in college? What types of
jobs would you seek after college?
Please cite references
Solution
Having 12 Federal Reserve Bank, spread across the country is good as USA is a big country
having many states with different sets of laws. Each Federal Reserve Bank can focus upon a
particular geographical area and can understand the gravity of the situation better. A good
understanding of situation helps Fed to devise policies that takes care of the interest of all the
parties.
Benefits of Many Federal Reserve Banks:
1. Decentralization of Many functions
2. Delegation of work
3. Focused approach on a particular area.
4. Reduced burden on one bank
Cost of Many Federal Reserve Banks:
1. Cost of Communication and coordination
2. Delay in decision making process
3. Difficulty to bring in consensus
4. Issue of Accountability
5. Lacy of effective leadership at the time of crisis
To prepare for the job of a “member of the Board of Governors of the Fed\", I should work in the
area of economic policy planning and managing economic and financial system of the country. I
need to understand the roots of economic issues, their solutions as well as the strength and
weaknesses of the economy. I have to offer the solutions also to some of the immediate problems
being faced by economy. I have to gain experience while working in a bank of good repute also
to understand the whole working system also.
I have to study, commerce, Economics and international business.
I have to seek jobs like:
1. Start with a role in Commercial banks
2. Take exposure also in forex and international business
3. Move ahead with a senior positions in Development banking institutions
4. Work with agencies who are involved in drafting policies for the development of economy.
5. Then start with a role in Fed and move upward
References:.
Are the following statements about probability TRUE or FALSE. Please.pdf
Are the following statements about probability TRUE or FALSE. Please provide an explanation
When two events A and B are independent the joint probability of the events can be found by
multiplying the probabilities of the individual events.
The probability of the union of two events can exceed one.
Solution
true, because for both the independent events to occur their probabilities are
multiplied false, probability can never exceed one..
Are Social Security benefits paid to Ds family at Ds death inclu.pdf
Are Social Security benefits paid to D\'s family at D\'s death includable in D\'s gross estate under
Section 2033?
Solution
Social security benefits are not included in the gross estate under section 2033 as the decendant
has no control over the same. These are only the transfers.
Are leaders born or madeSolutionLeaders are madeLeadership .pdf
Are leaders born or made?
Solution
Leaders are made
Leadership is one of the most important charecteristics of successful people and the good news is
that this skill can be learn.
However, this doesnt mean that is something easy to learn, you must have discipline, passion,
and courage to achieve lidership.
Become a leader is a process and is a long process, that.
Archware Systems has total assets of $35.594 billion, total debt of .pdf
Archware Systems has total assets of $35.594 billion, total debt of $9.678 billion, and net sales
of $22.490 billion. Their net profit margin for the year was 0.22, while the operating profit
margin was 30 percent. What is Archware’s net income?
Solution
Net income= Net sales x Net profit margin=$22.490 billion x 0.22=$4.9478 billion.
Application of Eulers formula Prove the following identities. c.pdf
Application of Euler\'s formula: Prove the following identities.
cos(A + B) = cosAcosB - sinAsinB and
sin(A + B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
(Hint: consider z1 = Ai and z2 = Bi where A and B > 0.)
Solution
eAi = cosA + i sinA
eBi = cosB + i sinB
eAi eBi = (cosA + i sinA)(cosB + i sinB)
e(A + B)i = cosAcosB + i2 sinAsinB + i(sinAcosB + cosAsinB)
cos(A + B) + i sin(A + B)= cosAcosB - sinAsinB + i (sinAcosB + cosAsinB)
Real part: cos(A + B) = cosAcosB - sinAsinB
Imaginary part: sin(A + B)= sinAcosB + cosAsinB.
approximatly 10 of american high school students drop out of school.pdf
approximatly 10% of american high school students drop out of school before graduation. choose
10 students entering high school at random . find the probabitities asked for. use binomial
probibility chart for this problem. 10c) Find the probability that AT MOST 4 students drop out.
n = X = p = define a
Solution
q = 0.9 and n = 10.
aplia ch 16 b7. The money creation processSupp.pdf
aplia ch 16 b
7. The money creation process
Suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Cho, who immediately
uses the funds to write a check to Bob. Bob deposits the funds immediately into his checking
account at Second Republic Bank. Then Second Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess
reserves to Eric, who writes a check to Ginny, who deposits the money into her account at Third
Fidelity Bank. Third Fidelity lends out all of its new excess reserves to Lucia as well.
Fill in the following table to show the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank. Enter
each answer to the nearest dollar.
Increase in Deposits
Increase in Required Reserves
Increase in Loans
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)First Main Street Bank
Second Republic Bank
Third Fidelity Bank
Assume this process continues, with each successive loan deposited into a checking account and
no banks keeping any excess reserves. Under these assumptions, the $1,500,000 injection into
the money supply results in an overall increase of_______ in demand deposits. (fill in the
blanks).
aplia ch 16 b
7. The money creation process
Suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Cho, who immediately
uses the funds to write a check to Bob. Bob deposits the funds immediately into his checking
account at Second Republic Bank. Then Second Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess
reserves to Eric, who writes a check to Ginny, who deposits the money into her account at Third
Fidelity Bank. Third Fidelity lends out all of its new excess reserves to Lucia as well.
Fill in the following table to show the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank. Enter
each answer to the nearest dollar.
Increase in Deposits
Increase in Required Reserves
Increase in Loans
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)First Main Street Bank
Second Republic Bank
Third Fidelity Bank
Assume this process continues, with each successive loan deposited into a checking account and
no banks keeping any excess reserves. Under these assumptions, the $1,500,000 injection into
the money supply results in an overall increase of_______ in demand deposits. (fill in the
blanks).
Suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Cho, who immediately
uses the funds to write a check to Bob. Bob deposits the funds immediately into his checking
account at Second Republic Bank. Then Second Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess
reserves to Eric, who writes a check to Ginny, who deposits the money into her account at Third
Fidelity Bank. Third Fidelity lends out all of its new excess reserves to Lucia as well.
Fill in the following table to show the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank. Enter
each answer to the nearest dollar.
Increase in Deposits
Increase in Required Reserves
Increase in Loans
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)First Main Street Bank
Second Republic Bank
Third Fidelity Bank
Assume this process continues, with each successi.
Aplia Ch 131. Financial institutions in the U.S. economy.pdf
Aplia Ch 13
1. Financial institutions in the U.S. economy
Suppose Felix would like to invest $2,000 of his savings.
One way of investing is to purchase stock or bonds from a private company.
Suppose NanoSpeck, a biotechnology firm, is selling bonds to raise money for a new lab?a
practice known as______ finance. Buying a bond issued by NanoSpeck would give
Felix_______ the firm. In the event that NanoSpeck runs into financial difficulty,_______ will
be paid first.
Suppose instead Felix decides to buy 100 shares of NanoSpeck stock.
Which of the following statements are correct? Check all that apply.
Expectations of a recession that will reduce economy-wide corporate profits will likely cause the
value of Felix\'s shares to decline.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an example of a stock exchange where he can purchase
NanoSpeck stock.
The price of his shares will rise if NanoSpeck issues additional shares of stock.
Alternatively, Felix could invest by purchasing bonds issued by the U.S. government.
Assuming that everything else is equal, a municipal bond issued by a state most likely pays
a______ interest rate than a corporate bond issued by an electronics manufacturer.
Aplia Ch 13
1. Financial institutions in the U.S. economy
Suppose Felix would like to invest $2,000 of his savings.
One way of investing is to purchase stock or bonds from a private company.
Suppose NanoSpeck, a biotechnology firm, is selling bonds to raise money for a new lab?a
practice known as______ finance. Buying a bond issued by NanoSpeck would give
Felix_______ the firm. In the event that NanoSpeck runs into financial difficulty,_______ will
be paid first.
Suppose instead Felix decides to buy 100 shares of NanoSpeck stock.
Which of the following statements are correct? Check all that apply.
Expectations of a recession that will reduce economy-wide corporate profits will likely cause the
value of Felix\'s shares to decline.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an example of a stock exchange where he can purchase
NanoSpeck stock.
The price of his shares will rise if NanoSpeck issues additional shares of stock.
Alternatively, Felix could invest by purchasing bonds issued by the U.S. government.
Assuming that everything else is equal, a municipal bond issued by a state most likely pays
a______ interest rate than a corporate bond issued by an electronics manufacturer.
Suppose Felix would like to invest $2,000 of his savings.
One way of investing is to purchase stock or bonds from a private company.
Suppose NanoSpeck, a biotechnology firm, is selling bonds to raise money for a new lab?a
practice known as______ finance. Buying a bond issued by NanoSpeck would give
Felix_______ the firm. In the event that NanoSpeck runs into financial difficulty,_______ will
be paid first.
Suppose instead Felix decides to buy 100 shares of NanoSpeck stock.
Which of the following statements are correct? Check all that apply.
Expectations of a recession that will reduce economy-wide corporate profi.
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- 1. As a postgraduate student of economics I've been trying to expand my mathematical "toolset". While doing so I've talked to engineers, physicists and mathematicians, many of which have disdained the use of mathematics in economics. Their arguments vary, but one common theme is summed up by mathematician Michael Edesess' critique: Economics pretends to be mathematics, but it is not mathematics. There is a major difference. No mathematician uses a term in a formula, or a statement of a theorem, unless that term has first been defined with excruciating precision. And while economists may think they Solution Edesess is attacking what is really just a straw man of economics. I'm not sure he really understands the field. To start, economics is not math. We're not claiming that it is. It's more of an "applied" science. Economists have never claimed that these definitions are precise in the way that mathematics is. These definitions are modeling constructs---they're for applied work. They're use is temporary in a way. The point is to try to convey an idea in a more precise way than just in words---but everyone knows that they're not a precise as we would like and not as precise as they ultimately should be. They're meant to be debated and later refined. But, as all applied scientists know, you've got to start somewhere and sometimes ideas are best conveyed through simpler---if less detailed mean. Coming up with better definitions is a huge part of the economic science. Consider these examples. When the Cowles Foundation was founded in 1932 its motto was "Theory and Measurement" (the motto was first adopted in 1952). Measurement is not an easy thing to do. As another example, a lot of Larry Kotlikoff's work has dealt with how a lot of fiscal measures are not economically well-defined concepts. Einstein taught us that neither time, nor distance are well-defined physical concepts. Instead, their measurement is relative to our frame of reference